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... In this study, a case study approach is used to examine contemporary and real-world issues within a naturalistic setting (a real-life context) [8,9]. The primary objective is to explore the implementation of future urban development concept, especially related to the city's role as the state capital. ...
... The primary objective is to explore the implementation of future urban development concept, especially related to the city's role as the state capital. Data for this case study were collected through in-depth interviews and surveys conducted with policy stakeholders and experts specializing in urban planning and ICT, aligned with the development plans for the Nusantara Capital City [9]. Questionnaires distribution was conducted through Google form using purposive sampling based on participants' roles and expertise. ...
... These data were then examined to uncover and interpret relationships among key pieces of information, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the research objectives. This study employed FGDs, multi-stakeholder interviews, and questionnaires simultaneously, adhering to the triangulation approach (utilizing multiple sources of evidence) [9]. The analysis employed both qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. ...
... Entre ellos, adoptamos como como criterio los casos subtípicos, o sea, aquellos que están más alejados del promedio. Es decir, la muestra analizada busca experiencias altas y bajas (casos subtípicos) y los casos típicos son los que se ubican en torno al promedio (Gerring 2017 Al analizar diferentes niveles de experiencia, podemos identificar diferentes factores (X) que afectan los resultados (Y) de manera variada. Los casos son considerados diversos cuando ellos representan todos los potenciales factores (Z), incluyendo conjunciones causales, que pueden explicar la variación en los resultados (Y); se presupone que los factores causales reales (X) pueden ser encontrados en Z (Gerring 2017). ...
... Es decir, la muestra analizada busca experiencias altas y bajas (casos subtípicos) y los casos típicos son los que se ubican en torno al promedio (Gerring 2017 Al analizar diferentes niveles de experiencia, podemos identificar diferentes factores (X) que afectan los resultados (Y) de manera variada. Los casos son considerados diversos cuando ellos representan todos los potenciales factores (Z), incluyendo conjunciones causales, que pueden explicar la variación en los resultados (Y); se presupone que los factores causales reales (X) pueden ser encontrados en Z (Gerring 2017). Esto es un aspecto metodológico importante porque los resultados pueden ser influenciados bajo diferentes configuraciones causales. ...
... En lugar de simplemente centrarse en cómo una sola variable causa un resultado (X → Y), este enfoque considera cómo múltiples variables que están (X) pueden influir en un resultado específico (Y). En este sentido, la experiencia (X) y la posterior comparación cualitativa de múltiples casos encuadraría el presente artículo no solamente como de metodología mixta como también un estudio descriptivo de las causas-delos-efectos en contraste al estudio de los efectos-de-las-causas (Gerring, 2017;Mahoney & Goertz, 2006). ...
Este estudio investiga las experiencias parlamentarias y las legislaturas comparadas en el Congreso de Chile desde 1828 hasta 2022, a partir de la singularidad de su caso, como típicamente desviante en comparación a los demás legislativos de América Latina. Se recopilaron datos originales de todos los diputados y senadores a partir de la Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. Se utilizó un análisis de datos que combina enfoques descriptivos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Inicialmente, se llevó a cabo un análisis cuantitativo para describir las experiencias a lo largo de las distintas constituciones y tipos de carreras de los actores políticos. Se seleccionaron para estudios de casos tres grupos de legislaturas, cada uno con diferentes niveles de experiencia: alto, promedio, y bajo. A través de un enfoque cualitativo e histórico, se analizaron estos tres grupos interna y comparativamente para identificar patrones en su relación con el poder ejecutivo. Los estudios de casos revelaron que las legislaturas menos experimentadas tienden a adoptar una postura más desafiante y menos colaborativa hacia el ejecutivo. Por otro lado, las con más experiencia parecen poseen agendas propias y desafían más al gobierno. A su vez, las legislaturas con niveles promedios de experiencia sugieren ser más cooperativas y han logrado implementar reformas políticas significativas. Concluimos que la experiencia parlamentaria sugiere tener importancia para la relación legislativo-ejecutivo.
... We conducted a single case study to analyze the value co-creation of complementors in generative AI platform ecosystems. Using a case study approach, we obtained in-depth insights into the emerging phenomenon of generative AI platform ecosystems and theorized from the empirical data [24,36]. ...
... Within each of these three clusters, we sought to reflect the diversity of complementors in the ecosystem by including a heterogeneous set of complementors as embedded units of analysis. [24]. For each cluster, we sampled companies, for-profit developers, and nonprofit organizations that publicly identified themselves as part of the OpenAI platform ecosystem on their website or on OpenAI sites (Table 3). ...
Compared to traditional digital technologies, generative AI exhibits two facets—open-endedness and inscrutability—that create challenges for the value co-creation of complementors in generative AI platform ecosystems. For example, complementors lack standardized, reusable functionality that powers their applications and struggle to consistently generate desired outputs. To identify how complementors mitigate these challenges, we conducted an embedded case study of complementors in the OpenAI platform ecosystem. We identified four value co-creation mechanisms of embedded and stand-alone complements that mitigate the challenges: (1) utilizing system instructions, (2) providing context data, (3) curating user inputs, and (4) revising AI model outputs. Depending on the complement type, complementors employ these mechanisms, leverage synergies between mechanisms, and unlock previously not employable mechanisms. We contribute to research by revealing two novel logics—the reap logic and the differentiation logic—that explain how complementors co-create value by mitigating the challenges through the value co-creation mechanisms.
... While GDI scholars commonly rely on case study analyses, this methodology is not inherently restrictive and has already demonstrated its potential for theory development (Eisenhardt, 2021;Gerring, 2006;Yin, 2009). However, to fully harness such potential, we encourage GDI researchers to prefer multiple-case study designs over single-case study analyses. ...
... To overcome this issue, we urge scholars to apply theoretical sampling when selecting the units of analysis of their empirical investigations (Eisenhardt, 2021;Neergaard & Ulhøi, 2007). This sampling approach ensures that the cases, subjects, and timeframes selected for empirical analyses are purposely chosen to shed light on specific theoretical constructs (Gerring, 2006;McNabb, 2008) and to eliminate alternative explanations of the phenomenon being investigated (Ridder, 2017;Toshkov, 2016). ...
... Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan ve çoğu defa örnek olay ve vaka incelemesi kavramlarıyla da anılan durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Durum çalışmaları tek bir zaman dilimi içindeki olay veya olguyu incelemede kullanılan bir yöntemdir (Gerring, 2007;akt. Subaşı & Okumuş, 2017, s. 419). ...
... In the research, a case study, which is one of the qualitative research methods and is often referred to as a narrative or case study, was used. Case studies are a method used to analyse an event or phenomenon within a single time frame (Gerring, 2007; as cited in Subaşı & Okumuş, 2017, p. 419). Case studies are qualitative research approaches that involve an in-depth examination of a single case using various data collection methods, such as interviews and observations (Creswell, 2007). ...
Çalışmanın amacı, 2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılının başlangıcında yayınlanmış öğretim programı bulunmayan ancak muhatapları bulunan Afet Bilinci seçmeli dersine ait özgün ve geçici olarak hazırlanan öğretim programlarının çerçevesini ortaya çıkarmak, resmi program ile karşılaştırmasını yapmak ve programla ilgili öğretmen görüşlerini alabilmektir. Nitel araştırma deseniyle yürütülen çalışmanın örneklem grubunu 2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılında Çorum ilinde seçmeli Afet Bilinci dersini okutan 7 katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ve doküman incelemesi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında Afet Bilinci dersini okutan öğretmenlerin kendi hazırladıkları özgün ve geçici programlara ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin kendi hazırladıkları özgün program ile bakanlıkça ilan edilen resmi program içerik ve öğrenme – öğretmen süreçleri yönünden karşılaştırılmıştır. Katılımcı öğretmenlerin program hazırlama süreçleri ve uygulama esnasında karşılaşılan durumlarla ilgili görüşleri alınmıştır. Hazırlanan görüşme formu iki ayrı uzman tarafından değerlendirmeye alınmış, gerekli düzeltmeler yapılarak görüşme formuna son hali verilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda öğretmenlerin kendilerini program yazma ve uygulama konusunda yeterli gördükleri tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte öğretmenlerin konu içeriği belirlemede güçlük yaşadıkları ve programsız seçmeli ders seçiminden kaçındıkları saptanmıştır. Öğretmenlerin kendi hazırladıkları özgün programların içeriğinin resmi programa göre daha yoğun ve güncel olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları doğrultusunda öğretmen yeterlilik ve özerkliklerinin geliştirilmesi için gerekli çalışmaların yapılması, Afet Bilinci dersinin okullarda yaygınlaştırılması ve düzeye uygun afet eğitimlerinin verilmesi önerilmiştir.
... The structure will comprise of four stages, that are (1) analyzing existing patient data, (2) observing virtual consultations, (3) interviewing participants, and (4) holding focus groups ( Figure 1). Considering the innovative nature and relative novelty of virtual hospitals, we designed a comprehensive method, drawing on existing approaches to investigate new phenomena [33,34], explore complex systems [35], and gain a holistic understanding of an event or interaction [36]. The aim is to produce a practical list of recommendations for improvement founded on action-based evidence [37]. ...
... The initial stage of this research study is the analysis of secondary data collected from standard hospital procedures as part of the acute respiratory model of care. This is the preliminary stage of the mixed methods design to understand complex systems through a quantitative foundation [35]. The data used for analysis will include patient-reported experience measures (PREMs), readmission rates, length of stay, mortality, and adverse outcomes. ...
Background
Virtual care is increasingly incorporated within routine health care settings to improve patient experience and access to care. A patient’s experience encompasses all the interactions an individual has with the health care system. This includes a greater emphasis on actively involving carers in the decisions and activities surrounding a patient’s health care.
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the variety of health care delivery challenges encountered in a virtual hospital and explore potential ways to improve the patient experience.
Methods
Focusing on acute respiratory, this protocol outlines a mixed methods study exploring the patient experience of a virtual hospital in Australia, Royal Prince Alfred Virtual Hospital (rpavirtual). We will use an exploratory mixed methods approach comprising of secondary data analysis, observations, interviews, and co-design focus groups. Participants will include patients, their carers, and health care workers who are involved in the acute respiratory virtual hospital model of care. Together, the data will be triangulated to explore views and experiences of using this model of care, as well as co-designing recommendations for further improvement.
Results
Findings from this study will identify current barriers and facilitators to implementing virtual care, such as work-as-done versus work-as-imagined, equity of care, the role of carers, and patient safety during virtual care. As of August 2024, a total of 25 participants have been interviewed.
Conclusions
This protocol outlines a mixed methods case study on the acute respiratory model of care from Australia’s first virtual hospital, rpavirtual. This study will collect the experiences of patients, carers, and health care workers to co-design a series of recommendations to improve the patient experience.
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/58683
... For case analysis, we use Yin's (2018) cross-case synthesis and Gerring's (2007) paired comparison approach. This involves the proposition of a framework, the description of the cases, and cross-case analysis based on the three analytical parameters we developed for polycentric federalism. ...
This paper addresses the conceptual gap between the expected benefits of federalism in managing ethnicity-based conflict and its actual governance outcomes in the African context. One of the main reasons for this gap is the conflation of federalism with decentralization. In response, we develop and configure polycentric federalism as a praxis-oriented framework with three institutional parameters, administrative devolution, peaceful competition among governance units, and individual choice of alternating governance structures. Through this framework, we analyse federal institutional design in Nigeria and Ethiopia to illustrate why federalism fails to effectively manage ethnicity-based conflict in African states. Despite the varying approaches to federalism in the two cases, institutional design falls far short of achieving the parameters of polycentric federalism, a necessary condition for effectively managing diversity through federalism. Beyond the policy implications, our analysis contributes to institutional economics by illustrating how federal institutional design affects identity-based group dynamics in conflict-ridden multiethnic polities.
... The participation processes were conducted as part of a development of a former military air base ("Fliegerhorst") into a new combined residential and commercial city quarter in the city of Oldenburg in northwestern Germany. The study follows a case-study approach [35,36], examining multiple interlinked participation processes (see Table 1). The participatory processes analysed took place between 2015 and 2023 and all concerned the development of the new residential area on the former military air base, with a special focus on the energy system from 2018 onwards. ...
Background
Citizen participation is integral to the governance of sustainability transformations. Long-term participatory processes undergo various phases of opening up and closing down various scopes of the participation—with significant consequences for the legitimacy and impact of the participation process.
Methods
To gain a better understanding of these processes, we address the question of how and why participation processes are opened up or narrowed down. Through document analysis and key-informant interviews, we evaluate a case of long-term citizen participation linked to the development of a sustainable neighborhood energy system in northwestern Germany.
Results
Results show that normative, substantive, and instrumental imperatives contribute to opening-up dynamics in participation processes. Closing-down dynamics were observed in the narrowing of thematic, spatial, temporal, and methodological scopes, as well as in the range of the actors involved. Reasons for closing down were financial and temporal restrictions, conflicting interests, the need for expert input in decision making about highly technological questions, the institutionalisation of participation, and stakeholder fatigue.
Conclusions
This study provides a new framework for analysing citizen participation while highlighting the complexities and interrelations associated with citizen participation within the context of technological and urban development.
... While we acknowledge the analytical value of the new surveillance concepts introduced in the literature, we posit that they may not capture the extremities of surveillance in non-Western contexts. China's repression in the region constitutes a deviant case (or an unusual case) of state surveillance (Oztig 2023; see also Gerring 2017;Yin 2018). Deviant cases are the exact opposites of typical cases, which are ordinary examples of a phenomenon (Seawright 2016). ...
Surveillance is as old as human history. In pre-modern times, it
mostly took place through spies, informants, and guards. In
modern times, it became a systematised practice conducted
through bureaucratic structures. Foucault’s panopticism
explains how surveillance shapes modern societies by turning
individuals into self-disciplined subjects. Today, an array of
technologies – including algorithms, sensors, satellites, biometric
devices, and DNA analysis – is increasingly used for
surveillance purposes. The rapid evolution and expansion of
these practices, driven by advanced technology, have given
rise to new concepts such as ‘control society’, ‘surveillance oriented societies’, ‘modulatory control’, ‘liquid surveillance’,
‘dataveillance’, and many others. We argue that the idiosyncratic
surveillance practices employed by China bring a paradigm shift in surveillance studies, as they cannot be fully explained by panoptic and post-panoptic theories of surveillance.
Our research is grounded in the firsthand experiences of
Uyghurs subjected to China’s high-tech surveillance in East
Turkestan, collected through approximately 500 surveys, 21 indepth interviews, and two focus group discussions. Our respondents reveal that China’s use of advanced technology infiltrates every facet of social and private life in East Turkestan, compelling the residents to engage in self-discipline not only in the public sphere, but also in their private sphere, extending into
their houses and vehicles, family and neighbourly relations, and
the ways they interact with technology. China’s practices, which
we call ‘techno-panoptic governance’, have moved to extremes
in surveilling, disciplining, and manipulating individuals on
a granular level. This type of governance is designed to achieve
a complete erasure of privacy and individual agency by strategically leveraging technology. Its objective is to manipulate and disrupt individuals’ everyday reality, driving them into a state of constant anxiety and paranoia. Under this system, individuals
are compelled to perceive and treat their everyday lives as mere
data that could alert state authorities at any moment and live in
a state-imposed reality.
... A case can be loosely defined as a phenomenon defined by specific spatial and temporal boundaries, holding theoretical and/or empirical importance. Consequently, a case study involves an intensive study of one or more such cases (Gerring, 2017). The main strength of the case study approach lies in its thorough examination of phenomena in their real-life contexts, drawing on diverse sources of evidence. ...
Purpose
This article employs interpretive conceptual analysis to provide a coherent research philosophy and practical insights for conjunctural analysis as a Marxist alternative to traditional case study methods. How can Gramsci’s writings inform our understanding of research philosophy? How does this philosophy shape his own method as applied to the case of the French Revolution?
Design/methodology/approach
Gramsci’s methodology is based on a dynamic and agentive understanding of what he calls “organized matter,” which is supplemented with a historicist epistemology. His philosophy brings to the fore the notion of “reciprocity” rather than mere causation and prioritizes the study of “regularities,” as opposed to fixed and universal laws. It incorporates both structural forces and human agency as valid sources of knowledge.
Findings
Using the French Revolution as a case study, Gramsci applies these principles to conjunctural analysis by examining socioeconomic convulsions as pivotal moments that elucidate the interaction between organic movements – indicative of profound, long-term structural changes such as the ascent of the bourgeoisie, the consolidation of their political power, industrialization, capitalist development and the emergence of the modern nation-state – and conjunctural periods, which are triggered by immediate, specific events precipitating these extensive structural transformations.
Originality/value
This article fills an important gap in the literature, considering that previous research has not systematically addressed Gramsci’s contributions to research philosophy and his study of the French Revolution using conjunctural analysis.
... Following Schöne et al. (2021), we examine a one-week window before and after the announcement because issue attention on social media substantially weakens after 7-10 days (Bermudez et al., 2019). The research is designed as a single-case study with temporal variation (Gerring, 2006) as it compares two periods to examine changes in interaction patterns. ...
Donald Trump's announcement on 1 June 2017 to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement triggered public debate, potentially revealing patterns of climate change polarization. Political polarization refers to differences in opinions and political beliefs and it has been extensively studied on social media, but remains less explored in response to specific events. We study the Czech Twitter debate to demonstrate the event's impact on the interaction patterns of partisan, elite (policy-shaping actors outside social media), and non-elite (public) users. The event increased opinion divergence between ideological supporters and opponents, thus increasing polarization. Typically, belief homophily, interacting with like-minded users, accompanies polarization; here, it didn't increase due to expanded debate and resulting heterophilous interactions. Non-elite users drove polarization, likely following elite cues since elite users were extremely polarized already before the event. The event revealed a bipolar interaction pattern emerging afterward, likely indicating a latent coalition structure. KEY POLICY HIGHLIGHTS. Political events can have a polarizing effect on climate debate.. Increased user participation can decrease overall belief homophily-engagement with like-minded users-and increase polarization simultaneously.. The political polarization of non-elite social media users likely follows elite cues.. Political events that favor one side trigger the activity of the "losing" side in the debate on social media. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Enfin, nous avons réalisé des entretiens 3 avec les députés et les responsables de la modernisation de la Chambre, ayant accès aux rapports des cabinets des députés sur les rencontres et aux matériels de diffusion. La stratégie de recherche a été conçue comme une étude de cas (Gerring, 2007) visant à comprendre une forme particulière de participation citoyenne. ...
Cet article analyse l’expérience du « Foro Legislativo Ambiental » (FOLA) en Argentine, dispositif participatif qui repose sur une plateforme digitale permettant des interventions asynchrones et des rencontres synchrones, impulsé par un groupe de députés et députées du Frente de Todos pour discuter avec les citoyens de trois thématiques figurant sur leur agenda législatif. Il montre que le FOLA constitue davantage une instance de monstration de force d’un courant minoritaire dans une coalition politique plus large, plutôt qu’un espace de délibération entre élus et citoyens. Faisant apparaître un antagonisme avec des acteurs, notamment économiques, qui n’ont pas investi la discussion, un tel dispositif a en effet permis de contribuer à renforcer la reconnaissance et la spécificité idéologique du groupe proprement politique.
... Our study is based in Santa María Yavesía (Figure 1), a Zapotecan indigenous community located in the State of Oaxaca. We follow a case study approach (Gerring, 2007;Suryani, 2008;Yin, 2003) in which we analyse the history of the practices around maize in Yavesía from 1940 until today. While the researchers were collaborating with MasAgro Programme from 2012-2020, the data collection took place between March and September 2016 when the researchers spent several months in the community and involved semi-structured interviews with key-actors and participatory observation to construct a timeline of critical events that affected local farming practices around maize. ...
In the face of crises caused by extreme climatic shocks, and sociocultural and political processes, food security continues to be a challenge. Mainstream approaches focussing on crop productivity and high-yielding technologies continue to be promoted worldwide and they are partially the root cause of the climate and food crisis. However, there are other alternative food systems, i.e. Indigenous Peoples’ food systems, that could offer alternatives to the current crisis and from which we could learn to make more resilient communities. Despite the fact that Indigenous Peoples’ food systems, such as native seeds-based food systems, are still widespread, they remain underestimated by mainstream policies and agricultural research. In this paper, we explore how Indigenous Peoples innovate and play with different elements to make resilient food systems to adapt to a changing world while also keeping elements that are relevant to their self-determination and culture. We argue that it is possible to create resilient communities by reinforcing Indigenous Peoples’ food systems rather than displacing or replacing them. This paper describes a case study grounded in the Zapotecan Indigenous community in Oaxaca, Mexico, that continues to cultivate native maize, although they have adopted other technologies such as irrigation. We describe how migration, climate shocks, Mexican agricultural and rural development policies, and changing aspirations have shaped Indigenous Peoples’ culture of maize technology and yet, how being self-sufficient is essential for their resilience. We explore how these Indigenous Peoples make resilient communities through their comunalidad. Comunalidad involves rights to recreate tradition and culture but also protect themselves in the face of threat, as it is the space that allows them to enact their right to self-determination (usos y costumbres) and reinvent their social fabric and In the face of crises caused by extreme climatic shocks, and sociocultural and political processes, food security continues to be a challenge. Mainstream approaches focussing on crop productivity and high-yielding technologies continue to be promoted worldwide and they are partially the root cause of the climate and food crisis. However, there are other alternative food systems, i.e. Indigenous Peoples’ food systems, that could offer alternatives to the current crisis and from which we could learn to make more resilient communities. Despite the fact that Indigenous Peoples’ food systems, such as native seeds-based food systems, are still widespread, they remain underestimated by mainstream policies and agricultural research. In this paper, we explore how Indigenous Peoples innovate and play with different elements to make resilient food systems to adapt to a changing world while also keeping elements that are relevant to their self-determination and culture. We argue that it is possible to create resilient communities by reinforcing Indigenous Peoples’ food systems rather than displacing or replacing them. This paper describes a case study grounded in the Zapotecan Indigenous community in Oaxaca, Mexico, that continues to cultivate native maize, although they have adopted other technologies such as irrigation. We describe how migration, climate shocks, Mexican agricultural and rural development policies, and changing aspirations have shaped Indigenous Peoples’ culture of maize technology and yet, how being self-sufficient is essential for their resilience. We explore how these Indigenous Peoples make resilient communities through their comunalidad. Comunalidad involves rights to recreate tradition and culture but also protect themselves in the face of threat, as it is the space that allows them to enact their right to self-determination (usos y costumbres) and reinvent their social fabric and ommunity-based work (tequio) to find continuity in life (fiesta) or be resilient. This hybridization around maize cultivation comes along with a hybridization of food, aspirations, identity, and culture as farmers are adapting to a changing world and expressing their sovereignty. Indigenous Peoples choose to take what suits them best from the pluriverse to create a hybrid life and adapt to a changing world. We use this case to show that we could be learning lessons from Indigenous Peoples and the importance of a rightsbased approach to support resilient communities.
... The methodological approach of a case study (Gerring, 2007;Yin, 2017;Mills et al., 2010;Byrne and Ragin, 2009;George and Bennett, 2005;Ridder, 2017;Flick, 2018;Mason, 2017) was chosen to investigate the management of hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic in selected European countries. The hospital sector of a country represents a case and the data were collected by means of document analysis and semi-structured interviews. ...
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic required significant adjustments in hospital management across Europe. This article explores the challenges faced and lessons learnt in managing hospital care, aiming to improve future pandemic preparedness and resilience.
Methods
Hospital management during the pandemic in Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary and Italy was investigated using a qualitative case study approach based on document analysis and 57 semi-structured interviews with senior hospital staff conducted in the spring and summer of 2022. The country case studies were subjected to an overarching analysis focusing on successes and failures in hospital pandemic management.
Results
Hospitals faced an overwhelming surge of patients, leading to the conversion of regular wards into COVID-19 units and the postponement of elective surgery, affecting the care of chronically ill and non-urgent patients. Telemedicine was crucial but faced challenges in terms of acceptance by elderly patients and physicians. Staff shortages and high workloads affected patient care and staff wellbeing. In addition, shortages of medical supplies led to a re-evaluation of logistics and warehousing. Many hospitals found existing policies and pandemic plans inadequate, leading to the formation of internal task forces.
Conclusion
The pandemic highlighted gaps in hospital preparedness and the need for improved resilience. Strategies to improve pandemic resilience, such as better working conditions and collaboration with primary care, would also improve health system performance in "normal times". Pandemic-specific measures, such as postponing elective surgery, are necessary but need to be carefully managed to minimise the negative impact on overall patient care.
... Tülin Kozikoğlu'nun Leyla Fonten serisindeki kitaplarında yer alan evrensel değerlere ilişkin sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşlerinin alınması aşamasında ise nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından durum çalışması deseninden yararlanılmıştır. Durum çalışması, belirli bir durumu zaman içerisinde tek bir noktadan ele alarak anlamaya çalışmak olarak ele alınabilir (Gerring, 2007). Araştırmada, Tülin Kozikoğlu'nun Leyla Fonten serisindeki kitaplarında yer alan evrensel değerlerin yer alması değer eğitimi açısından önemli bir durum olarak değerlendirilmiş ve bu bağlamda değerlendirilen duruma ilişkin sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşleri alınmıştır. ...
Bu araştırmanın amacı Tülin Kozikoğlu'nun Leyla Fonten serisindeki kitaplarda yer alan evrensel değerlerin incelenmesi ve konu ile ilgili sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşlerinin alınmasıdır. Tülin Kozikoğlu'nun Leyla Fonten serisindeki kitaplarında yer alan evrensel değerlere ilişkin sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşlerinin alınması aşamasında nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından durum çalışması deseninden yararlanılmıştır. Tülin Kozikoğlu'nun Leyla Fonten kitaplarındaki evrensel değerlerin incelenmesi aşamasında doküman inceleme yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda dokuz kitaptan oluşan seri iki bağımsız kodlayıcı tarafından okunmuş, analiz edilmiştir. Kitaplardan elde edilen verilerin analizinde, içerik analizi ile kod ve frekans tabloları hazırlanmış, doğrudan alıntılar yoluyla kitaptan alıntılara yer verilmiştir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşlerinin içerik analizinden yararlanılmış, kod ve frekans tabloları hazırlanıp doğrudan alıntılarla öğretmen görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Leyla Fonten serisi içerdiği evrensel değerler bakımından incelenmiş; en çok tekrar edilen evrensel değerlerin saygı, sorumluluk, hoşgörü, birlik olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlardan yola çıkarak önerilere yer verilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Çocuk kitapları, Leyla Fonten, evrensel değerler. Abstract The aim of this research is to examine the universal values in the books in Tülin Kozikoğlu's Leyla Fonten series and to take the opinions of classroom teachers on the subject. In the process of taking the opinions of classroom teachers about the universal values in Tülin Kozikoğlu's books in the Leyla Fonten series, qualitative research approaches and case study design were used. Document analysis method was used in the examination of universal values in Tülin Kozikoğlu's Leyla Fonten books. In this context, the series of nine books was read and analyzed by two independent coders. In the analysis of the data obtained from the books, code and frequency tables were prepared * Doç. Dr.; Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Temel Eğitim Bölümü,
... En este marco, el trabajo adopta un diseño metodológico cualitativo, ligado a la inferencia causal sobre la base del análisis cualitativo de múltiples casos (Gerring, 2007;Bennett y Elman, 2007). Esto es así en la medida en que se examina la forma en la que los diferentes comportamientos internacionales ante los eua incidieron en la orientación de la política de defensa de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y Venezuela. ...
El presente artículo examina la forma en que los países de América del Sur instrumentalizan su política de defensa para lidiar con los Estados Unidos de América (EUA). Específicamente, se abordan los casos de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y Venezuela durante el siglo XXI. En su dimensión teórica, el trabajo se ubica dentro de las teorías latinoamericanas de relaciones internacionales e indaga sobre las diferencias conceptuales existentes entre el comportamiento internacional de los
países de la región y su política de defensa nacional. A partir de la clarificación teórica, se introducen los tipos ideales de comportamiento de los Estados sudamericanos ante los eua (alineamiento contra/no alineamiento/alineamiento con) y la forma en la que estos se asocian a los tipos ideales de política de defensa (defensa aversiva/defensa defensiva/defensa concesiva). El trabajo adopta un diseño metodológico cualitativo, ligado a la inferencia causal sobre la base del análisis cualitativo de múltiples casos en la medida que se examina la forma en la que los diferentes comportamientos internacionales ante los eua incidieron en la orientación de la política de defensa de los países seleccionados. En tal sentido, en el apartado empírico se desarrolla la manera en la que Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y Venezuela utilizaron su política de defensa para lidiar con la asimetría de poder existente con la potencia dominante.
... This is an extreme case study following Gerring's classification [38], using a triangulation mixed method design (convergence model) [39]. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected simultaneously, analysed separately and then the results were pooled during the interpretation. ...
Background
In South Kivu (Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC]), health districts (HDs) affected by chronic armed conflicts are devising coping mechanisms to continue offering healthcare services to the population. Nonetheless, this alone does not suffice to make them fully resilient to such conflicts. This study aims to explore the characteristics of these HDs’ resilience.
Methods
This study uses mixed methods (triangulation) and an extreme case study design to compare a HD with no history of armed conflict (Idjwi, Case 1) and another one experiencing armed conflict (Fizi, Case 2) in South Kivu. The Kruk et al. (BMJ 23:357, 2017) index was employed as a theoretical framework for exploring resilience characteristics. Qualitative data were collected through a document review using a pre-set review grid and semi-structured individual interviews with purposively sampled key stakeholders. They were subjected to deductive-inductive thematic analysis. Quantitative data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire (administered to stakeholders in the selected HDs using non-probabilistic methods – purposive and snowball sampling). These data were subsequently analysed for comparative descriptive purposes.
Results
Recurring short-term shocks as well as chronic stress factors whether or not linked to chronic armed conflicts were identified. According to most respondents (> 98%), essential components of a resilient HDs were prior knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses as well as the public health risk posed by the crisis (awareness), together with community and non-health actors’ involvement during the crisis (Integration). Common resilience mechanisms (e.g. epidemic management plan, crisis management committee) were identified, and Case 2 implemented additional mechanisms, including DRC armed forces involvement, community healthcare sites and mobile clinics, specific warning system, and regular socio-demographic monitoring of displaced persons alongside promotion of activities for social cohesion strengthening.
Conclusions
For meaningful resilience to emerge, HDs must be better resourced in “normal” times. If this condition is fulfilled, quality of care could improve and spare capacity could be created to withstand disturbances.
... Estas dos organizaciones encajan en la categorización de casos atípicos (Gerring, 2007), esto debido a la marcada diferencia en cuanto a permanencia en el tiempo más allá de la consecución de objetivos puntuales, su particular relación con otros actores políticos y sociales, además de un puntuado protagonismo en el escenario político costarricense pese a no contar con recursos materiales propios de las organizaciones formales tal y como se profundizará más adelante. Esta serie de características marcan una distancia de otros actores que se ubican en el mismo periodo de tiempo y escenario, como lo son las organizaciones gremiales. ...
El presente texto retoma las experiencias de dos Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil en su interacción con el Estado costarricense en el marco de la disputa por la seguridad social, la salud pública y la CCSS. Estas son el MSSP y FRENASS, las cuales durante los últimos años han realizado una serie de acciones para defender el carácter gratuito, solidario y universal de la salud pública brindada por el Estado. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa de corte interpretativo, que incluyó análisis secundario de datos cualitativos y entrevistas semiestructuradas con 15 participantes clave. Dentro de los principales hallazgos se encuentra la centralidad de este tipo de organizaciones en la arena política, en donde se destacan sus estrategias de organización y movilización; además se destaca la importancia de la participación política ciudadana para la fiscalización de políticas públicas, pero a la vez para el posicionamiento de un proyecto común solidario.
... Qualitative research is useful for understanding under-investigated issues or phenomena and tends to explore and understand phenomena from the research participants' perspectives. This study adopts a single case study approach to provide an in-depth qualitative analysis and description of the phenomenon under investigation [81][82][83]. The case study examines the smart city development pathway of a small-to medium-sized city, Limerick, Ireland. ...
This paper analyses the situated practice of developing a smart city in Limerick, Ireland. It maps out, at a city scale, how the development of the smart city was planned, organised, and governed, as well as ongoing challenges. It addresses two of the principal gaps in the smart city literature, namely, the scarcity of in-depth case studies based on extensive fieldwork and the shortage of studies on smart city development on brownfield sites. Source material was gathered through desk research and interviews with key stakeholders. Limerick adopted an articulated strategic approach to smart city development. The local government’s dedicated smart city unit played a vital role in planning, managing, and implementing smart city operations. The local government did not centralise the smart city development process. Over time, there has been a gradual shift towards the development of Quadruple Helix collaborations and a balance between top-down and bottom-up approaches. The paper also identifies the challenges that might restrain Limerick’s smart city ambitions. These include financial, budgetary, technological, and human resources challenges. It also identifies the challenge of digital exclusion and the need for greater citizen involvement in smart city development.
... More exactly a case is a phenomenon which is spatially delimited and that the unit is studied either at one point or over a bounded period of time (Gerring, 2004;Sandelowski, 2011). A case can be of different sizes depending on the object of the case studyfor instance it can be a country, a city, a social group, a business, a family or a single individual (Gerring, 2007). ...
Interpersonal communication occurs after divorce between children and divorced parents. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection methods through direct observation. The research was done in a descriptive way. In the communication process, interpersonal communication barriers are found, where psychological barriers are the beginning of the emergence of all obstacles. The role of the third person as a guide to children's interpersonal communication with their parents is also important in the findings of this research.
... As the research addresses a contemporary phenomenon -transmedia expansions involving GAI-from an empirical perspective, it draws on Gerring's definition: "A case study is an intensive study of a single case or a small number of cases which draws on observational data and promises to shed light on a larger population of cases" (2017, p.28). To achieve this objective, the study takes an intensive rather than extensive approach (Gerring, 2017), focusing on two highly successful young adult sagas, Harry Potter and Twilight. This approach provides illustrative examples of the utilisation of GAI in fan art, particularly in the development of love plots. ...
El fandom ha venido creando narrativas e imágenes alternativas para expandir obras literarias, cinematográficas y videojuegos, fomentando una transmedialidad participativa como la defendida por Robert Pratten. Esto permite a los usuarios desarrollar tramas sugeridas o inexistentes, incluyendo relaciones amorosas entre personajes que van desde la heteronormatividad hasta lo homoerótico. Con la inteligencia artificial generativa, este fenómeno se ha intensificado, especialmente en casos como Harry Potter o Crepúsculo, donde el realismo logrado por esta tecnología está generando adhesiones y exploraciones creativas que enriquecen las historias originales.
... As the institutional and cultural differences and their impact on public management became more and more apparent, the body of knowledge in comparative public management also started to intensify (Heady, 2001;Manning and Parison, 2004;Jreisat, 2011). Several methodological and conceptual frameworks have been developed to make a comparative analysis of the public management reforms (Gerring, 2007;Farazmand, 2009). Adopting a broad comparative perspective, scholars have been looking for the national trajectories of public management reforms with a discernible pattern of similarity and differences (Pollitt, 2007). ...
Public policy management has an intractable nature, and the institutional complexity of governance further exacerbates its practice. Transnational learning cutting across countries and policy areas can contribute to this policy knowledge in dealing with multifarious issues in public management. Understanding the institutional mix in public management in various contexts enhances the existing comprehension of how the national pattern of public management works differently in different socio-economic, cultural, and political settings. The present research aims to study the institutional framework in the form of state structure (unitary or federal) and the nature of executive government (majoritarian or consensual) in delineating the influence of institutions on public management processes in divergent policy systems. The paper undertakes four in-depth country case studies and the public management reforms as a response to institutional pressure are examined using the 4 M strategy–Maintain (holding on to existing administrative structures and processes), Modernize (keeping service delivery and regulation up to date), Marketize (efficiency and user-responsive public management), and Minimize (reducing state-led regulation). The case studies highlight the differences in the broad direction and energy of implementation that characterize a particular policy style. The results of the study indicate that even though the institutional dimensions are not present in strict polarization, the impact of the institutional mix is evident in the dominant strategies of public management reforms adopted at the national level.
... In this way, the research combined exploratory and descriptive natures. Gil (2010) considers that exploratory research involves extensive data collection, while Gerring (2007) adds that the descriptive nature allows the construction not only of the object, but of the empirical reality that surrounds it. The case study strategy is widely used in the social sciences, and the delimitation of the topic occurs through spatial and temporal analysis of a single or multiple case (Gerring, ISSN: 2359-1552 Pag. 9 ...
This study case analyzes the implementation of the centralized model of public procurement by the Executive Branch of the Brazilian State of Amapa. Therefore, there is following research question: did the implementation of the centralized model result in improvements in the public procurement process in Amapa? In addition, the adopted methodology is based on a case study, as well as on the collection of information in official systems, added bibliographical and documentary research, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. As a result, it was found that, from a general perspective, the centralized model works well in the State, however adjustments and improvements are necessary in areas of the centralized model that still require investments, such as planning, procedural agility and articulation with some bodies and entities of State. The findings provide insights into centralized public purchases in a Brazilian state and allow rise up hypothesis about similar experiences in another places (countries, states, municipalities). The compreension about Purchase Centrals it is a relevant tool into test how governments establishment suas procurement strategies and how to maximize the public spend getting economy and celerity.
... Esta investigación se diseñó como un estudio de caso heurístico de alcance exploratorio, es decir, que pretende generar una nueva teoría para responder la pregunta de investigación (Gerring, 2017). Se trata de un estudio de corte cualitativo. ...
¿Por qué el gobierno nacional proclamó la existencia de un conflicto armado interno en Ecuador? A primera vista, la respuesta parece obvia. El mayor peso explicativo se le atribuye a la violencia criminal que estalló en 2018 y que en el 2023 convirtió al Ecuador en el país más violento de la región. Sin embargo, la cuestión militar ha sido excluida de la mayoría de los análisis. Este trabajo contribuye a llenar este vacío. Examina la dinámica del poder militar en perspectiva histórica y muestra hasta qué punto fue un factor clave para explicar la decisión del gobierno nacional de iniciar un conflicto armado interno. Problematizando el enfoque de las Relaciones Civiles Militares se elabora un marco analítico multidimensional y se utiliza el caso ecuatoriano para validarlo empíricamente. Esta investigación de corte cualitativo se diseñó como un estudio de caso heurístico de alcance exploratorio. La recolección de datos se hizo de fuentes primarias y secundarias, mientras que para el análisis de datos se aplicaron técnicas de rastreo de procesos y análisis de coyunturas críticas. Se evidencia que el poder militar en Ecuador atravesó dos grandes coyunturas críticas entre 1995 y 2024, que explican las distintas configuraciones del poder militar en la vida pública.
... and they also helped to interpret and understand the results of the quantitative part of the research (Cowger & Menon, 2001;Gerring, 2007). ...
Moçambique é um dos países mais pobres do mundo e a maioria da população vive no campo. O estudo adoptou a metodologia mista e, além de analisar o impacto da liberalização do comércio sobre os camponeses envolvidos na produção de fruta em Marera, no Centro de Moçambique, também mediu seus benefícios em termos de melhoria de vida, em comparação com a década de 1990. Constatou-se que 73,3% dos camponeses em estudo avaliaram a sua vida como pouco melhor do que há 10 - 15 anos e apenas 5,6% tiveram melhorias substanciais. Descobriu-se que o maior conhecimento e um melhor acesso aos recursos produtivos tem o papel crucial no que concerne aumento dos benefícios e melhoria das habilidades no envolvimento no comércio livre. O estudo concluiu ainda que, embora a liberalização do comércio traga benefícios, enquanto não estiverem reunidas as condições apropriadas, os camponeses em Marera não são diferentes dos seus homólogos das outras partes do mundo e beneficiam pouco da liberalização do comércio.
... The selection of this case stems from the possibility of capturing in real-time a unique changing regulatory context and its impacts on platform companies and workers' experiences, since no other country to date has gone as far in enforcing platform workers' rights. This in-depth study offers important insights into a larger class of cases (Gerring, 2017), particularly at this moment in time following the approval of the European Platform Work Directive, when several countries will start developing new regulatory frameworks for platform work. ...
This article investigates the effects of the Spanish initiative to deploy a universal presumption of employment relationship for all platform couriers (Ley Rider). Drawing from 36 semi-structured interviews and several non-participant observations in Spain, this article shows that the impact of this initiative has been positive but limited. The eradication of bogus self-employment is a positive development, as it allows workers to access safety nets such as social security and employment rights while preserving valued aspects of their employment model like flexible scheduling. However, this progress is undermined by the platforms' efforts to circumvent regulations through what we term a ‘chameleonic labour process’. Such chameleonic behaviour on the part of the platforms includes: outsourcing labour operations to other companies; maintaining the independent contractor model; and, condoning undocumented work. Despite some progress, workers continue to face insecurity and low wages across all platforms, albeit in varying degrees and in different forms.
... We employed a single case study approach (Piore, 2006;Yin, 2018) to study how the local BRTIS evolved through a combination of local functional dynamics and structural couplings. This approach offers more precise conceptual inputs through a deeper understanding and analysis of the selected case (Gerring, 2016;Gustafsson, 2017). The case of the BPC serves as a perfect example because the development of its biorefining technology over the last 40 years was so remarkable that it is now considered as one of the most advanced biorefineries in Europe (Philp and Winickoff, 2019). ...
The Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) literature has made considerable strides in exploring the spatial aspect of technological innovation dynamics over the past decade. Abandoning the purely national focus on TISs, scholars have theorized TIS dynamics simultaneously along multiple geographical scales, such as regional, national , and global. Yet, the conceptual and empirical insights on the local scale of TISs have been limited. This paper elaborates a local spatial perspective on TISs and elucidates how the local scale interacts with broader scales through structural couplings. We use technological materialization to define the local scale and illustrate our perspective with a case study on a local biorefining TIS evolution in France. Using event-history analysis, we explore how the local scale evolved through functional interactions both within and across the local and broader scales. The results reveal shifting configurations of TIS functions and their interactions at various scales in different periods: while the local scale was characterized by materialization of biorefining technology and local market formation, broader scales played more versatile roles by providing resources to, forming end markets for, and establishing the legitimacy of the local scale. Policy should promote biorefinery-internal markets through technological materialization and disseminate local success stories at broader scales.
... Historiquement, la DGBLA travaille en collégialité avec les établissements. Le Québec se démarque aussi par la présence de trois groupes régionaux d'achats au sein du secteur de la santé.Le cas est alors qualifié de situation unique(Gerring 2006).Tukamuhabwa et al. (2015) recommandent cette perspective afin d'obtenir une vision plus systémique compte tenu des différents niveaux de décisions.Ellram (1996, 100) indique que l'étude d'un seul cas « convient lorsque le cas représente[. . .] un cas extrême ou unique, ou un cas qui révèle un phénomène jusque-là inaccessible. ...
RÉSUMÉ
La pandémie de la Covid-19 a propulsé le concept de résilience de la chaîne logistique alors que plusieurs d’entre elles subissaient les contrecoups de cet événement planétaire. Pour le secteur de la santé, des études ont justement formulé de nombreuses recommandations afin d’assurer la résilience de cette chaîne logistique. Cependant, ces mêmes études demeurent peu explicites sur la façon dont un acteur ou des acteurs s’imposeront à l’intérieur de la chaîne et dans le cas de la résilience, qui pourra articuler et assurer la mise en œuvre des recommandations. Cette observation renvoie à des constats soulevés dans la littérature sur les défis de l’opérationnalisation de la résilience de la chaîne logistique. Ainsi, cet article pose la question suivante : comment une organisation-pivot de la chaîne logistique de la santé peut-elle émerger afin de mettre en œuvre ces mesures de résilience ? Pour y répondre, cette recherche mobilise la méthode des cas et revient sur les événements du secteur public de la santé de la province de Québec. Les résultats questionnent l’intérêt d’une organisation-pivot comme orchestre des décisions en faveur de la résilience de la chaîne logistique.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic gave impetus to the concept of supply chain resilience, as many supply chains suffered the aftershocks of this global event. In the healthcare sector, studies have made numerous recommendations to ensure supply chain resilience. However, these same studies are not very explicit about the way in which one or more players will assert themselves within the chain, and in the case of resilience, who will be able to articulate and ensure the implementation of the recommendations. This observation relates to findings raised in the literature on the challenges of operationalising supply chain resilience. Thus, the article poses the following question: how can a pivotal healthcare supply chain organisation emerge to implement these resilience measures? To answer this question, this research mobilises the case method and looks back at events in the public health sector in the province of Quebec. The results call into question the value of using a pivotal organisation to orchestrate decisions in favour of supply chain resilience.
... This research paper utilizes a case study method, where the University of Auckland (UoA) is considered a critical case study. While case studies are criticised for the limited representativeness of a broader sample lacking external validity [38], they are also praised for their potential to provide concrete, context-dependent knowledge in a real-life setting [39,40]. Notably, Flyvbjerg [40] has argued that case studies can play a central role in scienti c developments, offering insights into critical, extreme, or paradigmatic cases. ...
This case study explores the perceived roles of academic leaders in critical sustainability events at a leading university in sustainability - the University of Auckland (UoA). UoA was selected due to its high position in the Times Higher Education (THE) Impact Ranking (1st in 2019 and 2020) based on its contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Employing the critical incident technique (CIT) through semi-structured interviews, university staff were asked to reflect on the meaning of a sustainable university, critical sustainability events, and the roles of academic leaders in these events. Both central-level and faculty-level leadership were considered.
The interviews revealed that while a multi-dimensional and holistic vision of a sustainable university is beneficial for engaging diverse stakeholders, three transformation tensions emerge as the discussion moves from a vision to implementation: priorities (competing sustainability dimensions), pace (desired speed of transformation), and process (desired consultation for transformation). These tensions are displayed in the Triangle of Transformation Tensions.
In total, 16 critical events (CEs) were identified by staff predominantly (81%) occurring within the last five years (2019–2023). The majority were internal CEs, initiated by the university (75%) while the two most frequent CEs were external– COVID-19 and THE Impact Ranking. Central-level strategies and policies (e.g., sustainability strategy, flight policy) represented the most common type of CE (25%). Yet these CEs should not be viewed in isolation. Often most recalled CEs, highly visible and centralised, were underpinned by less prominent CEs (e.g., data monitoring). Moreover, the recent change in the central-level leadership, though less frequently recalled as a CE (10%), was mentioned by the majority of interviewees (> 60%).
The perceived roles of academic leaders were conceptualised into five categories: no role, support, drive, divert and block, ranging from passive to active leadership roles. The study hypothesizes that staff associate visible leadership roles with invisible leadership stances, which depend on competing priorities, including intrinsic values, external opportunities & pressures, and resource & authority constraints. No single role is optimal in every situation. Rather each role can be utilised to address the transformation tensions (priorities, pace, process) in various ways.
... While space does not permit a detailed exposition of the history of the modern case study, an outline of such a history provides a framework for understanding the development of case study in and across the social sciences (for a more detailed discussion, see David, 2006;Thomas and Myers, 2015;Forrester, 2017;Gerring, 2017;Lang, Damousi and Lewis, 2017;Sena, 2024). Such an outline does not do justice to the complexity of case study history and its specificity within disciplines, where case study draws on particular theoretical and methodological traditions and trajectories. ...
Book title: Handbook of case study research in the social sciences
Chapter title: Introduction: Case Study Research in the Social Sciences
Author/s: Peter Rule
Keywords/terms (6): case study research; social sciences; definitions of case study; meanings of ‘case’; history of case study research.
ORCID No.: Rule: 0000-0002-4746-8482
Abstract: (max. 150 words)
This chapter provides an introduction to the Handbook of case study research in the social sciences. It begins with a brief discussion of definitions of case study. In an original contribution, it explores some of the composite meanings of the word ‘case’ in case study research and depicts these meanings and their relations in the form of a diagram. It then outlines the broad understanding of 'social sciences’ which informs the handbook and looks at case study as a methodological lens in the social sciences. The chapter sketches the history of case study research in the social sciences by way of orientation. Finally, it previews the parts and chapters of the handbook.
... In his approach, basic theoretical propositions of an open nature based on existing theoretical knowledge must be established in the preparatory stage of a case study, and more concretely in the methodological design stage, before data collection. Other authors also defend the important role of theoretical knowledge when case studies are carried out (Meyer, 2001;Gerring, 2016). By using the existing theoretical knowledge, the representativeness of the sample can be ensured in advance, regarding the characteristics of its units of analysis or cases, so that it is feasible to generalize the findings beyond the cases chosen (Handwerker and Wozniak, 1997;Maxwell and Chmiel, 2014, p.540). ...
... We employed a case study methodology and collected multiple forms of qualitative data to gather information about LPPs [71]. We chose a case study approach because the methodology allows for the exploration of a complex phenomenon in its real-life setting [72]. ...
National school leadership standards are now de facto curriculum for preparation programs. Data use is embedded throughout standards to guide school improvement and classroom instruction. Yet, across a number of areas, pre-service principals do not appear ready to lead once in the field. Principals are responsible for using various data to guide internal policies, school cultures, and capacity building, largely supporting teachers by establishing norms, expectations, and clear visions for data use in instructional decisions. In this study, we examined leadership preparation programs in one U.S. state to understand how data use is addressed in leader preparation. Our analysis of course description, syllabi, and program director interview data resulted in the following findings: (1) programs and courses seldom explicitly acknowledged data use as a topic; (2) when data use was acknowledged as a topic, it was infrequently tied to standards; (3) connections between data use and instructional change were limited; and (4) most programs relied on internships for leadership preparation programs to learn data use practices. There are opportunities for programs to make connections between standards, data use, and instructional improvement more explicit, as well as to clarify expectations for and increase oversight of field-based mentors.
... Case studies are known for their ability to give in depth understanding of the examined phenomenon and therefore it is no wonder they become a popular approach for developing new theories (Eisenhardt & Graebner, 2007). Moreover, researchers interested in identifying causal mechanisms turn into case studies as the method for their investigation (Gerring, 2007). ...
This paper develops a new perspective for understanding cybercrime prevention against heterogeneous and distributed actors. Current static models do not reflect the true nature of security and cybercrime prevention that is dynamic and constantly changing, which can weaken their relevance and practical implications. The paper offers an in-depth analysis of case study in fraud preventions and derives useful insights policy makers can use when formulating their security policies.
... Tülin Kozikoğlu'nun Leyla Fonten serisindeki kitaplarında yer alan evrensel değerlere ilişkin sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşlerinin alınması aşamasında ise nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından durum çalışması deseninden yararlanılmıştır. Durum çalışması, belirli bir durumu zaman içerisinde tek bir noktadan ele alarak anlamaya çalışmak olarak ele alınabilir (Gerring, 2007). Araştırmada, Tülin Kozikoğlu'nun Leyla Fonten serisindeki kitaplarında yer alan evrensel değerlerin yer alması değer eğitimi açısından önemli bir durum olarak değerlendirilmiş ve bu bağlamda değerlendirilen duruma ilişkin sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşleri alınmıştır. ...
Bu araştırmanın amacı Tülin Kozikoğlu’nun Leyla Fonten serisindeki kitaplarda yer alan evrensel değerlerin incelenmesi ve konu ile ilgili sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşlerinin alınmasıdır. Tülin Kozikoğlu’nun Leyla Fonten serisindeki kitaplarında yer alan evrensel değerlere ilişkin sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşlerinin alınması aşamasında nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından durum çalışması deseninden yararlanılmıştır. Tülin Kozikoğlu’nun Leyla Fonten kitaplarındaki evrensel değerlerin incelenmesi aşamasında doküman inceleme yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda dokuz kitaptan oluşan seri iki bağımsız kodlayıcı tarafından okunmuş, analiz edilmiştir. Kitaplardan elde edilen verilerin analizinde, içerik analizi ile kod ve frekans tabloları hazırlanmış, doğrudan alıntılar yoluyla kitaptan alıntılara yer verilmiştir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşlerinin içerik analizinden yararlanılmış, kod ve frekans tabloları hazırlanıp doğrudan alıntılarla öğretmen görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Leyla Fonten serisi içerdiği evrensel değerler bakımından incelenmiş; en çok tekrar edilen evrensel değerlerin saygı, sorumluluk, hoşgörü, birlik olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlardan yola çıkarak önerilere yer verilmiştir.
RESUMO O Serviço Brasileiro de Respostas Técnicas – SBRT é uma rede composta por agentes institucionais, orientado para prover soluções técnicas capazes de contribuírem para a incorporação de inovações por empreendimentos de pequeno porte, micro e pequenas empresas. Um dos agentes integrantes dessa rede é o Sistema Integrado de Respostas Técnicas, vinculado à Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (SIRT/UNESP), objeto de estudo na presente pesquisa. O objetivo principal da pesquisa é avaliar os impactos do SIRT enquanto gestor de conhecimento e inovações de baixa complexidade no período compreendido entre 2010 e 2023. Optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa em perspectiva histórica, exploratória e descritiva, enquadrada como estudo de caso único. Apurou-se que o SIRT cumpriu os objetivos traçados incialmente em termos de gestão do conhecimento, mostrou intenso desenvolvimento do tripé universitário e contribuiu para a efetividade da hélice tríplice. O controle dos dados, as lacunas documentais, a ausência de análises de conjuntura e de indicadores são pontos frágeis na operacionalização do serviço. Palavras-chave: Gestão do conhecimento; Micro e pequena empresa; Rede de agentes; Políticas Públicas; Relação Universidade-Estado-Empresa.
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) focuses on strengthening regional economic integration by lowering tariffs and dismantling trade barriers. This study leverages quantitative methods to assess the influence of RCEP on supply chains in the electronic machinery and equipment sectors of China and Vietnam. The findings indicate significant changes in the import and export volumes of both countries following the implementation of RCEP. Notably, China's import and export volumes have decreased significantly, while Vietnam's exports have shown relative stability. Finally, this paper provides an analysis based on the empirical research results for reference.
La política exterior mexicana (PEM) se ha mantenido constante desde el siglo XX, con énfasis en la relación con Estados Unidos y una orientación económica liberal, influenciada por presidentes de derecha y factores estructurales. No obstante, el final del largo gobierno del Partido Revolucionario Institucional ha avivado el debate sobre posibles cambios. Este artículo se propone analizar la PEM de 2019 a 2023, durante la presidencia de Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO), un periodo marcado por expectativas de transformación. Utilizamos la metodología cualitativa, específicamente el estudio de caso, recurriendo a fuentes primarias y secundarias, evaluadas a partir del análisis de contenido interpretativo, y una moldura teórica embazada en supuestos básicos de la subárea de análisis de política exterior para evaluar los efectos de los condicionantes estructurales y la influencia de actores clave sobre la PEM. Se pone especial énfasis en la gestión de AMLO, examinando su potencial impacto, la delegación de responsabilidades a burocracias especializadas y las modificaciones en la política exterior. Argumentamos que, por un lado, AMLO adoptó un perfil predominantemente pragmático en temas estructurales, como el de las relaciones con EE. UU., en el cual él optó por aprovecharse de la competencia de las burocracias y mantener la continuidad. Por otro lado, en un eje de mayor autonomía, como el de las relaciones con América Latina y el Caribe, adoptó posiciones más ideológicas, aunque instrumentalizándolas para complacer su base doméstica. Pese a las expectativas, AMLO todavía no ha generado cambios revolucionarios en política exterior, con los factores estructurales siendo determinantes en tal resultado.
This chapter provides a historical overview of the evolving landscape of research methods in information science, examining articles from seven well-established information science journals for the decades of 1960 to 2020. The chapter begins by presenting an overview of the early studies that categorized research methods in information science, emphasizing the groundbreaking work of researchers like Jarvelin and Vakkari in the 1990s, among others. It then details the emergence and trajectory of non-traditional methods within information science over recent decades. An original analysis of research methods in seven top journals illustrates the emergence of qualitative approaches and greater methodological diversity within information science, while providing a compass for exploring the discipline’s future trajectory.
We investigate the “gag rule,” a parliamentary device that from 1836 to 1844 barred the US House of Representatives from receiving petitions concerning the abolition of slavery. In the mid-1830s, the gag rule emerged as a partisan strategy to keep slavery off the congressional agenda, amid growing abolitionist agitation in the North. Very quickly, however, the strategy backfired, as the gag rule was framed successfully as a mechanism that encroached on white northerners’ rights of petition. By 1844, popular pressure had become so great that many northern Democrats, an important bloc of prior gag rule supporters, yielded to electoral pressure, broke party ranks, and voted to rescind the rule, thereby sealing its fate. More generally, the politics of the gag rule provide an interesting causal-inference case study of the interplay between social movement development and congressional politics before the Civil War.
Scholarship concurs that autocratic and military regimes are highly likely to initiate and escalate militarized interstate disputes. While combat experience can moderate the war-prone tendencies of some leaders, most agree that this does not occur in autocratic regimes. This article presents evidence that under at least some conditions, the experience of military combat can make leaders of autocratic and military regimes less likely to initiate militarized disputes. The empirical analysis supports these claims through examining three leaders of the same state—Iraq—who varied in their military and combat experience but faced the same two adversaries regarding the same territorial disputes.
This paper identifies and discusses needs and gaps among minors aged 5-17 years who, at the time of the study, resided in out-of-home care and/or made use of community-based welfare services. The discussion is informed by mixed-methods study research carried out in 2018 as part of the project 'Star Kids-Reaching Out: Improving the Life Chances of Vulnerable Children'. Star Kids' objectives included developing and delivering a nationally accredited ICT training course for vulnerable minors; in a context where digitization is often described as ubiquitous, yet its experience is complex and not universal. In this paper, data analysed include responses to a questionnaire administered to minors; and data from focus groups with minors, their parents/guardians, and professionals working with the cohort under study. The study found high ICT usage, albeit with gender-based and age-based differences. Gaming, streaming and downloading prevailed among boys and 5-11-year-olds; use of social media prevailed among girls. Most minors considered themselves as self-learnt ICT users; yet the study flagged the need for more support for minors with low socioeconomic backgrounds. The study identified shortcomings in the infrastructure available. Recommendations include investment in state-of-the-art ICT infrastructure in residential homes and community centres; further research to assess impacts of COVID-19 on this study's findings; policy development that steers ICT education towards participatory and empowered involvement of parents /guardians; and that dwells on participants' existing ICT knowledge and skills.
O presente estudo pretende caracterizar e analisar as atitudes e comportamentos dos adolescentes e jovens na vivência da sua sexualidade e das suas relações amorosas e compreender a sua relação com os comportamentos de prevenção face ao HIV/SIDA. A investigação tem demonstrado que a propagação desta síndrome só pode ser combatida pela consciencialização dos indivíduos para a alteração de comportamentos, sendo o segmento juvenil aquele que é considerado de maior risco de propagação. O estudo toma por referência a Teoria do Comportamento Interpessoal de Triandis (1977) e recorre à triangulação metodológica, partindo de uma abordagem quantitativa de cariz descritivo, por recurso à aplicação de um questionário, para uma análise qualitativa, mais compreensiva, por via de entrevistas. Apresentam-se resultados referentes à primeira fase da investigação que incide sobre uma amostra não probabilística, composta por 214 adolescentes e jovens de Chimoio, com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 24. Observou-se que 62.6% dos inquiridos já iniciou a actividade sexual (sendo a média de idade de inicio de 16.6) e que 63.6% usa sempre preservativo. Os resultados revelam, ainda, índices elevados de infidelidade, associações significativas entre algumas variáveis em estudo e diferenças nas atitudes de prevenção face ap HIV em função das fontes de educação sexual. The study analyses some aspects of sexual behaviour and attitudes amongst adolescents and youth in Chimoio, Mozambique. It takes as a reference Triandis (1977) Interpersonal Behaviour Theory and draws on methodological triangulation, from a quantitative approach of a descriptive nature, to a qualitative more comprehensive analysis. The article presents the results of the first phase of the research that focused on a non-probabilistic sample, composed of 214 adolescents and young people, aged between 15 and 24, students of secondary schools.It was observed that 62.6% of respondents already initiated sexual activity (a mean age of 16.6) and 63.6% use condoms. The results also reveal high rates of infidelity among adolescents, which indicates the fragility of relationships and crisis of lasting commitments.The study likewise suggests that sexual education in a family, school or church is important and that it helps shaping healthy attitudes towards sexuality.
Texto del trabajo premiado con el ·er lugar en el premio de la OLACEFS sobre Gobernanza y Control Interno.
The research project examines 'new use of existing frameworks' and the relationship to material and immaterial values seen from a resource perspective. The study has a special focus on the identification of significant building parts, or components. An extensive review of related literature has been carried out, as well as interviews based on personal perspectives. Methodologically, phenomenology is included as an approach, and hermeneutics in analysis and interpretation.
Results from a Scoping Review, as well as qualitative interviews, identify key parameters that strengthen the value of sustainable transformation. The discussion uses these findings to highlight, for example, the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. The study recommends, among other things, to explore untapped potential for sustainable transformations. It can be concluded that when rehabilitating existing buildings, the resource perspective and the building culture should be taken into account.
Çevrimiçi (Online) Tematik STEM Uygulamaları (OTSU), uzaktan eğitim olarak kabul edilen çevrimiçi eğitim yolu ile tematik STEM uygulamalarını esas alan bir ders dışı çalışmadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Ankara’da bir imam hatip ortaokulunda 6. sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan kız öğrencilerden ders dışı faaliyet olarak yürütülen OTSU’ya gönüllü olarak katılıp daha sonrasında çalışmadan çekilen ya da devamsızlık nedeni ile çıkarılanlardan 6’sı oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada öğrencilerin OTSU’dan çekilme veya devamsızlık yapma nedenleri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma deseni olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden “durum çalışması” tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu, verilerin analizinde ise içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formundaki sorulara öğrencilerin verdikleri cevaplar değerlendirildiğinde onların çekilme nedeninin 1) “STEM alanlarına ilgi duymamaları” olmadığı 2) “Uzaktan eğitimde karşılaştıkları zorluklar” olarak belirttikleri tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin önceki çevrimiçi eğitimlerindeki deneyimlerinin olumsuz olması ve yüz yüze eğitimi çevrimiçi eğitime tercih etmeleri onların OTSU’dan çekilmenin en kuvvetli ihtimalinin eğitimin çevrimiçi olması olarak yorumlanabilir.
Dil öğretim sınıfları uluslararası öğrencilerin ve farklı kültürlerin karşılaşma alanlarıdır. Ancak dil öğrenenlerin sosyal hayatları sadece sınıf, okul ve çevresinden oluşmamaktadır. Öğrenicilerin sosyal hayatlarının devam ettiği tüm alanlar, onların eğitim-öğretim sürecine etkiler bırakmaktadır. Bu bağlamda konunun kültürlerarası etkileşim ve kapsayıcı eğitim gibi dil öğretiminin son yıllarda çok tartışılan kavramları ile ele alınması gereği duyulmuştur. Dil öğreniminde artık bir beceri alanı olarak kabul edilen kültürlerarası etkileşim, okulun veya dil öğretim merkezinin dışında kalan sosyal yaşam alanlarını da kapsamaktadır. Bu anlayıştan hareketle, çalışmada Türkiye’de akademik hayatına devam eden uluslararası öğrencilerde bu etkilerin neler olduğu, sebepleri ve sonuçları tartışılmıştır. Öncelikle Gazi Üniversitesi Türkçe Öğrenim Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezinde 2022-2023 eğitim- öğretim yılında öğrenim gören öğreniciler ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları aracılığıyla görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen veriler nitel araştırma yöntemlerine uygun olarak analiz edilmiştir. Belirlenen sorunlara yönelik bazı çözüm önerileri getirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; lisansüstü eğitime devam eden uluslararası öğrencilerin lisans seviyesinde eğitime devam eden öğrencilere göre kültürlerarası iletişime dair farkındalıklarının daha yüksek olduğu, tüm katılımcıların Türkiye’deki akademik ortamdan memnun oldukları, ilişkili oldukları okullar ve diğer kurumlardan ziyade sosyal hayatta ayrımcı davranışlarla daha çok karşılaştıkları tespit edilmiştir.
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