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Wireless traffic service communication platform for cars
Abstract
Rapidly changing weather conditions, especially in winter, have caused numerous disastrous traffic accidents in Northern Europe and in the Alpine region during recent years. Information about hazardous weather and road conditions is often potentially available but difficult or sometimes even impossible to deliver to drivers. This paper presents the international CARLINK (wireless platform for linking cars) project of the Celtic Cluster Programme Call 3 whose aim was to develop an intelligent wireless traffic service platform between cars supported with wireless transceivers along the roads. The project was conducted between 2006 and 2008. The platform consisted of a specific set of services, however not only these but variety of other services can be integrated to this kind of a system. Two of the major services were real-time local road weather service and incident warning service. The real-time local road weather service is a solution where up-to-date local weather related information is being collected from cruising vehicles and then further delivered to other vehicles in the area. Incident warning service operates in the same manner, but concentrates to the parameters related to traffic incidents or accidents, and (depending on seriousness of the incident) delivers a warning of such events to the vehicles in the traffic network without delay. The ultimate goal was to develop an intelligent communication platform for vehicles so that they can deliver their own observations of traffic and weather conditions to the platform core. Vehicular networking is nowadays a widely studied research field, and a large number of suggestions for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications have been presented. The focus is typically on bilateral communication between two vehicles or on broadcasting information from one vehicle or infrastructure to vehicles in the surrounding area. The CARLINK project developed an intelligent hybrid wireless traffic service pla-
tform between cars supported with wireless base stations beside the road(s). Communication between the cars were arranged in an ad-hoc manner, supported with a wireless base station connection to the backbone network, whenever possible. The ultimate goal was to enhance traffic safety and smoothness, but also to generate completely new communication entity, allowing new types of applications, services and business opportunities. Not only the encountering cars and the infrastructure can broadcast data, but all the data can be delivered instantly over the communications network to all CARLINK-compliant vehicles. High impact and extreme weather generated challenges are increasing throughout the world, not least because of the climate change. CARLINK can truly contribute to meeting these challenges. The preliminary network simulations, communication tests and weather service prototypes have already shown that a new kind of wireless communication environment can be created and it is indeed capable of enhancing traffic safety.
... Among those, the Dynamic Carpooling service allows an efficient trip planning for drivers and passengers willing to share their cars. Figure 1 presents a subset of the services that are directly part of the WiSafe-Car project, connected together through a Service Oriented Platform (SOP) [12], [13]. ...
Carpooling consists in sharing one's personal vehicles with one or several passengers in order to share the related costs but also reduce traffic and CO2 emissions. One of the main issues with such a service is that it requires a prior agreement between the driver and the potential passengers. Dynamic carpooling uses IT system to remove this limitation and provide ways react to events such as a traffic jam or to provide a precise evaluation of the cost of the trip for each of the involved actors. But it necessitates accessing potentially sensitive information such as the real time users' position or their identity. As such, an efficient security mechanism should be implemented to protect data exchanged to provide the service but also to increase the users' confidence in the tool. This paper deals about technological IT solution for dynamic carpooling mobility service based on secure multi-agent platform in the context of the WiSafeCar (Wireless Traffic Safety Network between Cars) project. It mainly focuses on the security services allowing both the mutual authentication of the users and of the application components with the system.
We used kmeans algorithm to classify the drivers' traffic behaviors and combined the concrete effect to determine the k value. After the classification, we generated cluster label and then correlated the user information table to the cluster label. Finally, we analyzed the behaviors of the group user. The experimental results will be displayed and analyzed in a pie chart.
This paper presents a framework for positioning in the London Underground
system on a standard mobile phone. A rule based algorithm is applied that uses: (i) data provided by Transport for London (TfL) and (ii) readings from accelerometers on a standard android mobile phone. The system relies on a database built up from average times taken to complete transitions between adjacent underground stations. Results are presented showing the efficiency of the developed system.
Vehicular communications emerged as a modern alternative to increase road traffic safety and also promote, through technologies, the development of applications and services to the travelers. In this context, Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTNs) arise as innovative solution since it presents an appropriate network architecture, supporting communication in intermittent situations. This work presents an embedded VDTN testbed created to evaluate safety systems in a real-world scenario. A traffic jam information service will be executed to demonstrate basics characteristics of VDTN, like out-of-band signaling and IP over VDTN. The main contributions of this paper consider the presentation of an appropriate hardware and software to embedded application for VDTNs, network performance evaluation over different environments, and corresponding results analysis using diverse metrics.
Vehicular wireless communications and vehicular ad hoc networks are nowadays widely identified enablers for improving traffic safety and efficiency, and a large number of suggestions for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication have been presented. The focus is typically on bilateral communication between two vehicles or on broadcasting information from one vehicle or infrastructure to vehicles in the surrounding area. In the Carlink project [1, 2] of the European Celtic program call 3 we have developed an intelligent hybrid wireless traffic service platform between cars supported by roadside wireless base stations. Communication between cars will be arranged in an ad hoc manner, supported by wireless base station connection to the backbone network whenever possible. The platform consists of a specific set of services (e.g., local road weather service and incident warning service), but a variety of services can be integrated to this kind of a system. The ultimate goal was to enhance traffic safety and smoothness, but also to generate a completely new communication entity, allowing new types of applications, services, and business opportunities. In this article we present the concept and example services of the Carlink platform. The platform simulations, field tests, and analysis show that the platform operability and efficiency are suitable for a large-scale traffic system, to be verified in the pilot system deployment.
Simulation of road surface temperature and estimation of road slipperiness is a classical application of physical meteorology treated e.g. in the COST-30 project already in the 1970's. Since these times several European meteorological institutes have developed their own road weather services applying models with varying complexity. The model developments by Nysten and his colleagues at FMI did lead to an operational road weather service in the early 1980's, but it was later discontinued. During 1999-2000, a new road weather model was developed at the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI). The model is a useful tool especially for meteorologists when forecasting road conditions and giving road weather and traffic conditions warnings to drivers and information to road maintenance personnel (Kangas et al., 2001).The model has been in daily operative use since spring 2000 and is run in a grid covering the whole of Finalnd. Several spin-off applications have been developed, including pedestrian warning system, a road maintenance application as well as a mobile phone based warning system (Driver Alert) for heavy traffic. The model has also been applied in a study on the effect of climate change on road maintenance needs in Finland.
Vehicular environments impose a set of new requirements on today's wireless communication systems. Vehicular safety communications applications cannot tolerate long connection establishment delays before being enabled to communicate with other vehicles encountered on the road. Similarly, non-safety applications also demand efficient connection setup with roadside stations providing services (e.g. digital map update) because of the limited time it takes for a car to drive through the coverage area. Additionally, the rapidly moving vehicles and complex roadway environment present challenges at the PHY level. The IEEE 802.11 standard body is currently working on a new amendment, IEEE 802.1 lp, to address these concerns. This document is named wireless access in vehicular environment, also known as WAVE. As of writing, the draft document for IEEE 802.11p is making progress and moving closer towards acceptance by the general IEEE 802.11 working group. It is projected to pass letter ballot in the first half of 2008. This paper provides an overview of the latest draft proposed for IEEE 802.11p. It is intended to provide an insight into the reasoning and approaches behind the document.
In this article we propose cross-layer design frameworks for 802.16e OFDMA systems that are compatible with WiBro based on various kinds of cross-layer protocols for performance improvement: a cross-layer adaptation framework and a design example of primitives for cross-layer operation between its MAC and PHY layers. In addition, we provide a simulation framework for cross-layer analysis between the MAC and PHY layers in 802.16e systems. Through this cross-layer simulator, we show that average cell throughput can be improved by 25-60 percent by applying careful cross-layer adaptation schemes.
In the past few years a development of wireless local information exchange between the vehicle and its environment from classic DSRC systems towards more general multi-hop ad-hoc networks could be observed [2, 13]. While the earlier DSRC systems were designed for electronic toll collection or platooning, the recent more general ad-hoc network approach is not specially tailored to a certain application area. It is based on now widely available components off the shelf like Wireless LAN radio technology, even though this technology needs some adaptation to meet the requirements of ITS applications, as addressed e.g. by the Vehicle Safety Communication (VSC) project in the US and by a number of research projects in Europe on a European and on a national level. This article provides an overview on the prerequisites of Car-to-Car Communication and interesting technical concepts identified by the Car-to-Car Communication Consortium.
Rapidly changing weather conditions, especially in winter, have caused numerous disastrous traffic accidents in Northern Europe and in the Alpine region during recent years. Information about hazardous weather and road conditions is often potentially available but difficult or sometimes even impossible to deliver to drivers. This paper presents the international CARLINK (Wireless Platform for Linking Cars) project [1] of the Celtic Cluster Programme Call 3 whose aim is to develop an intelligent wireless traffic service platform between cars supported with wireless transceivers along the roads. The platform consists of a specific set of services, however not only these but variety of other services can be integrated to this kind of a system. Two of the major services are real-time local road weather service and incident warning service. The real-time local road weather service is a solution where up-to-date local weather related information is being collected from cruising vehicles and then further delivered to other vehicles in the area. Incident warning service operates in the same manner, but concentrates to the parameters related to traffic incidents or accidents, and (depending on seriousness of the incident) delivers a warning of such events to the vehicles in the traffic network without delay. The ultimate goal is to develop an intelligent communication platform for vehicles so that they can deliver their own observations of traffic and weather conditions to the platform core.
Vehicular networking is nowadays a widely studied research field, and a large number of suggestions for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications have been presented. The focus is typically on bilateral communication between two vehicles or on broadcasting information from one vehicle or infrastructure to vehicles in the surrounding area. The CARLINK project is developing an intelligent hybrid wireless traffic service platform between cars supported with wireless base stations beside the road(s). Communication between the cars will be arranged in an ad-hoc manner, supported with a wireless base station connection to the backbone network, whenever possible. The ultimate goal is to enhance traffic safety and smoothness, but also to generate completely new communication entity, allowing new types of applications, services and business opportunities. Not only the encountering cars and the infrastructure can broadcast data, but all the data can be delivered instantly over the communications network to all CARLINK-compliant vehicles. High impact and extreme weather generated challenges are increasing throughout the world, not least because of the climate change. CARLINK can truly contribute to meeting these challenges. The preliminary network simulations, communication tests and weather service prototypes have already shown that a new kind of wireless communication environment can be created and it is indeed capable of enhancing traffic safety.
Wireless communication between vehicles has been widely studied recently and a large number of suggestions for vehicle-to-vehicle communication have been presented. The main focus in these proposals has been on bilateral communication between two vehicles or on broadcasting information from one vehicle or infrastructure to vehicles in the surrounding area. The approach in the Carlink project of the Celtic program call 3 is to develop an intelligent hybrid wireless traffic service platform between cars supported with wireless tranceivers acting as access points beside the road(s). Communication between cars will be arranged in an ad-hoc manner, supported with wireless base station connection to the backbone network, whenever possible. The primary application is real-time local weather information, but also numerous other applications, such as accident warnings and traffic intensity information for route planning can be integrated to this kind of a system. In this paper we present the concept and use cases of the Carlink platform. The platform operability and efficiency analysis are topics of future publications.
The LIWAS traffic warning system aims at providing early warning to vehicles about road conditions, such as whether the road is slippery. The LIWAS system is currently being developed and consists of two main parts: sensors for determining the state of the road and a communication infrastructure supporting inter-vehicle communication. This paper presents our results on requirements identification, design, and prototyping of the infrastructure. The infrastructure combines communication via mobile phones with communication based on the principles of ad-hoc networking, and it supports units in being updated during operation. The presented prototypes and associated experimental results demonstrate the main functionalities of the communication infrastructure, and have led to the initial deployment of LIWAS units.
The automotive industry is moving aggressively in the direction of advanced active safety. Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) is a key enabling technology for the next generation of communication-based safety applications. One aspect of vehicular safety communication is the routine broadcast of messages among all equipped vehicles. Therefore, channel congestion control and broadcast performance improvement are of particular concern and need to be addressed in the overall protocol design. Furthermore, the explicit multichannel nature of DSRC necessitates a concurrent multichannel operational scheme for safety and non-safety applications. This article provides an overview of DSRC based vehicular safety communications and proposes a coherent set of protocols to address these requirements
This article presents an overview of highway cooperative collision avoidance (CCA), which is an emerging vehicular safety application using the IEEE- and ASTM-adopted Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) standard. Along with a description of the DSRC architecture, we introduce the concept of CCA and its implementation requirements in the context of a vehicle-to-vehicle wireless network, primarily at the Medium Access Control (MAC) and the routing layer. An overview is then provided to establish that the MAC and routing protocols from traditional Mobile Ad Hoc networks arc not directly applicable for CCA and similar safety-critical applications. Specific constraints and future research directions are then identified for packet routing protocols used to support such applications in the DSRC environment. In order to further explain the interactions between CCA and its underlying networking protocols, we present an example of the safety performance of CCA using simulated vehicle crash experiments. The results from these experiments arc also used to demonstrate the need for network data prioritization for safety-critical applications such as CCA. Finally, the performance sensitivity of CCA to unreliable wireless channels is discussed based on the experimental results.
Advanced Wireless Vehicle Networking Platform for Real-Time Incident and Weather Information
- T Sukuvaara
- P Nurmi
- P Eloranta
- E Suutari