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RFID Tracking System for Vehicles (RTSV)
Abstract
The paper aims at using RFID (Radio Frequency ID) for developing tracking systems for vehicles. The paper addresses three major problems: traffic signal timings, congestions on roads and theft of vehicles. A novel solution for each problem is presented here. The traffic signalling is made dynamic based on regressions over data archives, containing a detailed set of traffic quotient and time. This technique incorporates a simple, unique way to calculate traffic quotient based on the physical dimensions of the road and nature of traffic on the road. The theft of car is detected using track logs of vehicle. Analysis of congestion forms a key attribute for traffic signalling system and is used for suggesting faster routes to vehicle drivers and balancing the traffic across various routes. The RTSV requires installing RFID tags on all vehicles and RFID readers on various junctions of city for tracking.
... Implementing RFID in commercial vehicle operation (CVO) will eventually decrease the number of vehicles with damage, loss, or theft. A previous study by Anala et al. (2009) (Tom, 2003), and also numerous cars carry false number plates (Niraj, 2003). In 2006 more than 40,000 number plates were stolen, and since the information from cameras is completely unreliable, it is impossible to locate any information about the stolen vehicle (Claire, 2007). ...
... Likewise, in Florida, RFID tags were also located on the vehicle windshield (Claire, 2004). Anala et al. (2009) also located the tag on the windshield and used RFID to track traffic density along the routes of various cities. In all the above mentioned applications the tags were placed on the windshield, so the probability of damage is high and, also the number of reads of the tags is inconsistent during harsh environmental conditions (Jonathan, 2004). ...
... A study by Anala et al. (2009) used RFID to track traffic density along routes of various cities with the goal of reducing traffic congestion. RFID tags were affixed on the windscreen and the RFID reader activated the tag. ...
The most important function of RFID in vehicle tracking is to store information concerning tagged elements in order to improve the overall performance of movable asset management. There is a need to discover an RFID system for the tracking of vehicles, as existing vehicle tracking systems are undependable. Experiments were performed with SIRIT, SAVI, and RF code RFID systems under differing conditions, attaching the tag to the license plate instead of the windshield. Different spacers were also tested to reduce the effect of metal surfaces on RFID signals.
Preliminary experiments were performed before stationary and motion testing in order to better understand the RFID systems. Testing was also conducted to identify the angle at which the reader should be fixed and the ideal placement of the tag on the license plate. Stationary and motion testing were then performed on the three RFID systems, using different spacers and speeds, and the effect of spacers and speed on signal strength was found to be significant.
In addition, environmental testing was performed on RF code systems in low temperature conditions. Upon completion of these experiments, the resulting data was analyzed to identify not only the best material to embed between tag and license plate in practical situations, but also the most effective thickness of that material and the optimum height of the reader. Finally, a benefit cost analysis was performed comparing both the RF code RFID and mobile plate hunter (MPH)-900 camera system. Results were compared for varying amounts of cars, and the analysis clearly showed that the RFID RF code system is better, compared to camera systems, for use in the tracking of vehicle license plate.
Adviser: Robert E. Williams
... It is based on the methods of monitoring and managing traffic flows [9], provides information and safety to road users. Research in this area relates to the creation of traffic monitoring systems [10], for example, using radio tags [11] or embedded monitoring complexes [12]. Monitoring technology includes stream sensor data processing (photos, video streams, telemetry data, user information), data mining, machine learning, forecasting, multiagent processing [13] and the convergence of computing models (clouds, fog and mobile computing) [14]. ...
... 10. Sensor systems for the movement of unmanned vehicles 11. ...
... The control system then captures this data for further processing [3]- [9]. General RFID tracking system for vehicles and their main applications are discussed in [10]. These systems include traffic signal timings, congestions on the road and theft of vehicles. ...
... Thus, the validity of this system may not be assured for all speeds. On the other hand, a fully passive printable chipless RFID system based on multi-resonators is presented in [10] [11] [12]. This chipless tag uses the amplitude and phase of the spectral signature of a multi-resonator circuit. ...
... Stages of cyberspace evolution illustrate successive periods of transition of scientific-technological fashion from monitoring (display) the physical, biological and social processes to their management based on the interaction of real and virtual structures: 1) the 1980sformation of personal computers; 2) the 1990s -the introduction of Internet technologies in production processes and people's lives; 3) the 2000s -improving the quality of life through the introduction of mobile devices and cloud services; 4) the 2010s -the creation of a digital infrastructure for monitoring, control and interaction of moving objects (air, sea, ground transportation, and robots) [1][2][3][4][5][6]; 5) 2015-ies -the creation of a global digital infrastructure of cyberspace, where all the processes and phenomena are identified in time and in three-dimensional space, gradually turning into smart components for monitoring and control of cyber-physical space (Internet of Things, Smart Everything). ...
... 4) Theoretical basics of intelligent models, methods and software-hardware for analyzing cyberspace related to discrete optimization of searching, recognition and decision-making are represented in [1][2][3][4]. 5) Experience in the development and implementation of embedded and RFID digital systems for road monitoring is described in [5][6][7][8][9]. 6) Experience in the development and implementation of software and cloud services for optimizing vehicle routes of Ukrainian corporations in order to minimize the financial and time costs and improve the quality of passenger service is represented in [10][11][12][13][14][15]. ...
A cyber physical system for smart cloud traffic control is proposed. It is an intellectual (smart) road infrastructure for monitoring and control of traffic in real-time through the use of global systems for positioning and navigation, mobile gadgets and the Internet in order to improve the quality and safety of vehicle movement, as well as for minimizing the time and costs when vehicles are moved at the specified routes. The main innovative idea is step-by-step transfer of traffic lights from the ground to a virtual cloud space for vehicle management, equipped with a mobile gadget or computer, which displays on the screen map, route, coordinates of the road user and real traffic signals. A set of innovative technologies to address the social, humanitarian, economic, energy, insurance, crime and environmental problems through the creation and application of cloud-based digital traffic monitoring and management is developed. All of these technologies and functional components are integrated into the system automaton model of cyber physical system for interaction between an infrastructure cloud of exact monitoring and digital control and vehicle gadget or computer.
... Automation of tracking the movement of objects, particularly human beings, in indoor environments is useful for a variety of applications, such as security control, elderly care, analysis of shopper behavior in shopping centers and so forth. Among different types of sensors in Table 1, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a popular approach for identification and tracking tasks such as indoor tracking positions of objects [19][20], outdoor vehicle tracking [21][22] and simultaneous multiple object identification [23] [24]. It still has several issues to be solved in order to achieve efficient and accurate tracking, particularly in the environment of tracking back-to-back queuing objects. ...
... Recently a number of variant object detection and/or tracking algorithms using RFID have been proposed to efficiently locate objects [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. For indoor localization, typical indoor localization algorithms are RADAR [12], SpotON [15] and LANDMARC [18]. ...
While the RFID technology is widely used for object identification, its application to detect sequence of multiple objects located close to each other in a limited area is challenging due to tag identification ambiguity. This paper presents an empirical study of multiple-tag detection accuracy when tags are attached to certificate recipients who make a back-to-back queue on a stage in a graduation ceremony. The investigation is done on three parameters; the distance between an RFID reader and tags, the interval between two consecutive recipients and the walking velocity. The experiment result shows that when the objects to be detected are far from the reader, the detection performance drops, resulting in higher missing rates but lower swapping. A short tag-tag interval triggers a high missing rate and a high swapping rate with a low duplication rate. The high tag velocity induces a high missing rate and a low duplication rate but no trend in the swapping rate.
... The automotive proof of this is shown to a specific RFID student by the RFID tag that holds electricity and electronics, which is then transmitted via an application. The location of the vehicle is distributed by this method with consistency from 4 m to 6 m [8]. ...
In this age, the automotive surveillance service is a well-known proven product implemented in conventional transport systems and widely known vehicle entities worldwide. It is a system that can be very robust and reliable. Through this work, GPS (Global Positioning System is implemented, which is used to locate and identify any automobile. This concept is an integrated device that can steadily track a speeding object and communicate the device’s status whenever its identification is required. It must obtain the NodeMCU (ESP8066 module) for the network connection device, which is routinely connected to the GPS device and the Arduino board through which it functions. The NodeMCU is used to relay the device’s status simultaneously from a distant location. The context of the application, “Bus Management System”, which is designed in MIT, provided an android studio for researchers to design any application interface. The network interface could be reviewed on the accounts-receivable public network in the form of charts. The program shows responses to the mobile application; it only requires logging in with a data network. The application, “Bus Management System”, displays the sensor values in terms of GPS coordinates statistics. This IoT based transport assistive system is cost effective and less complex from other existing IoT based transport assistive system.
... 29 The website of intersection congestion estimation ...
Due to the rapid growth in the number of vehicles on the street, traffic problems are bound to exist. Hence, implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to obtain traffic information from roads by Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) is becoming an urgent necessity. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology can be used for AVI to collect the traffic information in real-time from roads by getting the vehicles ID from RFID readers.
This thesis tackles the problem of designing Vehicle Location System (VLS), the proposed system consists of a passive RFID tags on vehicles, RFID reader, reader's antenna, wireless communication with a Central Computer System (CCS) and commanding software (RFID middleware and database structure), also VLS applications, SMS server and website. The designed system controls, manages and monitors the performance of RFID readers. It also filters and stores the information in a suitable form to be easily used in the application system and website. The system implemented by using Rifidi Platform as simulator for RFID system and VLS is programmed by Visual Basic 2010. The VLS is composed of installing of two RFID readers in traffic intersections; each reader has four antennas, for monitoring all entries and exits of the intersection.
The VLS used the gathered data from traffic intersections RFID readers in many applications including the following: location of vehicles in intersections at any time, path and orientation of vehicle in intersections, numbers and vehicles ID passed in each intersection at any time, estimate the traffic congestion situation in roads and intersections through SMS server and websites, drawing path of vehicles within VLS region on map, monitoring illegal and stolen vehicles real-time and tracking certain vehicle color.
... Although, several work have been done on capacity Faith Tabernacle is the largest church auditorium vehicle identification and localization using RFID in the world. The five Sunday services usually see a flood technology (Pandit et al., 2009;Hannan et al., 2012; of members arriving at Canaanland and the ministry Ying et al., 2010;Isasi et al., 2010;Makarov et al., 2012; maintains >350 shuttle buses that bring congregants to Ojeda et al., 2006;Fan and Zhang, 2009;Foina et al., 2007) the church from different locations of Ota and Lagos large-scale implementation of RFID-based vehicular metropolis. The city maintains a single opening for entry access control in a smart-green city requires a stable and exit. ...
Increasing upsurge in the use of vehicle ramming tactics targeted against public buildings and crowd of people by terrorists and insurgents accounts for the unprecedented terrorism-related death record and extensive destruction of invaluable properties witnessed in recent time. Tracking and localization challenges can be effectively handled using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. However, large-scale implementation of the technology for access control in a smart-green city requires a stable power supply with no threat to our ecosystem. Unfortunately, the power grid in most developing countries today are majorly fossil-fuel dependent and highly unreliable. In this paper, we developed an intelligent, cost-effective, and eco-friendly automobile recognition system for scalable access control using RFID and Solar photovoltaic (SPV) technologies. Vehicles authorized to access sensitive areas are pre-assigned passive RFID tags. SPV-powered UHF RFID readers are available at such places to activate and read vehicle information on tags. Based on LoRa wireless technology, vehicle information are transmitted to a server host application at the SPV-powered central control center for further processing. The implementation of this system in Canaanland city, Ota, Nigeria, ensures efficient access control to soft targets in order to guarantee safety of lives and properties, and as well save our planet.
... Most of the areas of RFID implementation are related to auto item detection in marts, libraries and contactless payment, etc. There are many RFID application related to vehicles like automatic toll plaza [5], RFID tracking system for vehicles [6] etc. Various research and studies has been done in this field. For example, Prof. A. A. Pandit et al., ...
... Access control, animal identification, automatic vehicle identification and Real- Time Vehicle Management System with smart parking applications ( [18], [19], [20], [21], and [22]), anti-theft systems, contactless smart cards, asset management, public transport (thailand's transportation system [23]), anesthetic dosages, contactless payment systems, baggage handling, electronic passport, blood banks, car manufacturing, sporting events, drug pedigree, food safety, gasoline dispensing, hotels and resorts, hospital stores management, medical surgeries, museums, manufacture of household electrical appliances [24], office printers and cartridges, plane spare parts (tracking), real time location tracking (RLTS), indoor tracking based on inter-tags distance measurement [25], retailing underground sewers and waste and yard management. More RFID applications and solutions could be found in [26]. ...
In this thesis, the area of interest studied is the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Therefore it is necessary to have background information about RFID and its categories. We will begin by stating the evolution of Automated Identification (Auto-ID) system, for which RFID is a special type and category of Auto-ID systems. An overview of RFID will be stated further, covering the initial ideal of RFID system, its development, infrastructure, categories and applications. Next, a brief description is going to be presented on the multi-band and circular polarization operation characteristics, reasons behind their deployment and their designs. After that, going into the design and simulation part, we are going to investigate how we can get dual-band characteristic with circular polarization form specific designs, where we are going to present four dual-band CP antenna designs. Following, a new multi-band antenna circularly polarized antenna will be investigated and presented.
This thesis is organized into six chapters. Chapter one provides a brief overview of the Automated Identification (Auto-ID) system and its categories.
Chapter two presents the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system, its history, infrastructure, categories and applications.
Chapter three presents the dual-band characteristic and a brief introduction to antenna polarization. The work done on RFID, divided between the different types of RFID antennas according to the frequency of operation is presented as well in this chapter. In addition, the dual-band characteristic is presented, along with its requirements and the work done on it in RFID. At the end of this chapter, a brief introduction to the antenna polarization is presented, where a brief description of each polarization type is given before going into which type is the best type of be deployed in chapter four.
Succeeding, chapter four starts with a comparison between the circular polarization and linear polarization according to several parameters that could affect the transmission and reception. Then, how to get a single and dual-band circular polarization operation is presented, along with some general publications and specific work done on RFID antennas.
Reaching the design and simulations part, and beginning with a study on how to use a slot in order to design a dual-band antenna, in chapter five a study how to get a dual-band characteristic along with dual-circular polarization based on a specific antenna will be illustrated, and three dual-band circularly polarized antennas will be presented with little variations in one or several of the design parameters. Following, changing the feed, another design is going to be studied and a new dual-band circularly polarized antenna is presented. Finally, further improving the design, a third resonance is added to its operation along with circular polarization at four different frequencies, where a new antenna will be designed to be used as compact circularly-polarized multi-band antenna for RFID applications.
This thesis could be a reference for all the researchers wishing to get some details about RFID antenna designs, along with RFID publications divided according to the frequency of operation, and most importantly on how to get single, dual or multi-band circular polarization operation.
Traveling through toll plazas is one of the primary causes of congestion, as identified in recent studies. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems can mitigate this problem. This experiment focuses on enhancing the security of ETC using RFID tags and number plate verification. For number plate verification, image processing is employed, and a CNN classifier is implemented to detect vehicle registration numbers. Based on the registered number, a notification email is sent to the respective owner for toll fee payment within a specific timeframe to avoid fines. Additionally, toll fees are automatically deducted in real-time from the owner's balance. This system benefits travelers by eliminating the need to queue for toll payment, thereby reducing delays and improving convenience.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology has found wide application in many areas of science and technology and people’s everyday lives (in libraries, shops, when registering passengers on the subway and buses, etc.). Every year the number of RFID applications is growing, and at the same time the number of scientific papers exploring certain issues related to this topic is increasing. One of these rapidly developing areas is the use of RFID to identify fast-moving transport objects (cars, trains), which is currently poorly reflected in existing reviews. This article fills this gap.
The paper provides an overview of publications in the field of RFID technologies and standards. A description of theoretical and experimental results is given, as well as the architecture and hardware and software for the practical implementation of land vehicle identification systems used in various fields.
Comfort where an occupant is present is the subject of marketing in many sectors. This research paper focuses on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) in the transportation sector. A literature survey has been conducted to understand historic HVAC control and optimization approaches. Many control approaches were captured/compared, and this provides great potential, but also shows that there is still room for improvement. This research explores a unique control opportunity using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to predict the occupant, and then follows it with kalman decomposition (KD) for real time controllability/observability post-LDA operation. Integrating these two tools provides results as new combined approach for HVAC control. Prediction algorithm LDA shows approximately 79% accuracy score for prediction, which is above average when compared to other algorithms and sensors used. KD is manipulated to be controllable and observable to maintain cabin temperature in real-time once the occupant is identified.
We model intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) by Dempster-Shafer theory (DST), and use fractal-based belief (FB) entropy to propose a new intuitionistic fuzzy measure. Combining the Shannon entropy measure of fuzzy sets (FS) and the proposed IFS measure, we explore the fractal features of FS and IFS from the perspective of information entropy. Besides, we give the fuzzy information fractal dimension according to the growth rate of normalized information entropy of the joint distributions.KeywordsFuzzy setIntuitionistic fuzzy setInformation entropyDempster-shafer theoryIntuitionistic fuzzy belief entropyFuzzy information fractal dimension
The article shows the design and implementation of a caterpillar structure mobile platform, which includes integrated electronic communication and control devices, as well as 3D printed parts for custom mechanical and additive manufacturing. The objective is to help in the care of patients with COVID19 within the restricted areas of the hospital. PWM technique is used for motion control due to its proven use of robust and reliable performance for service robot applications. The article shows the design and implementation of a caterpillar structure mobile platform, which includes integrated electronic communication and control devices, as well as 3D printed parts for custom mechanical and additive manufacturing. The objective is to help in the care of patients with COVID19 within the restricted areas of the hospital. PWM technique is used for motion control due to its proven use of robust and reliable performance for service robot applications. The implementation is done with a commercial mechanical caterpillar platform with the architecture and electronic components manufactured by 3D printing are described in order to show the scope and technique used to control the operation. The article aims to test the efficiency and reliable performance of a mobile platform using PWM control techniques and Wi-Fi communication implemented in a RaspBerry Pi hardware electronic device as an auxiliary nursing robotic system in hospital areas restricted by COVID19. Assisted remote control is web-based, so any mobile device can perform actions. MQTT WebSocket is used to send and receive commands and telemetry.KeywordsMobile robotNurseryCOVID193D manufacturingMQTTWi-Fi
The basic schemes of new, generic, anonymity-preserving, radio frequency based IoT devices and communication protocols are presented here. Their usage is illustrated in the particular context of avoiding traffic jams in Smart Cities, while also exemplifying traffic data as IoT big data that can be transmitted, collected, processed and interpreted with important social benefit, without necessarily bounding it to the identity of a person or device, hence without creating any room for user’s and device’s privacy to be compromised and/or abused. We defined these new schemes by descending along the OSI (Open System Interconnection) model down to the point where the goal of preserving anonymity is achievable by changing the transmission protocol rules, and also the structure and functionality of the IoT devices in an appropriate manner for the purpose.KeywordsSmart CityIoTFR-IoTPrivacyAnonymityRFIDAnonymous radio frequency deviceAnonymity preserving communication protocols
The verification of vehicle documents is an important role of transport department which is rising day by day due to the mass registration of the vehicles. An automated vehicle verification system can improve the efficiency of this process. In this paper, we propose an IOT based vehicle verification system using RFID technology. As a result, the vehicle checking which is done now manually can be replaced by automation. There is a loss of a significant amount of time when the normal vehicle checking is done manually. The proposed system will make this process automated. The present verification process is using inductive loops that are placed in a roadbed for detecting vehicles as they pass through the loop of the magnetic field. Similarly, the sensing devices spread along the road can detect passing vehicles through the Bluetooth mechanism. The fixed audio detection devices that can be used to identify the type of vehicles on the road. Other measurements are fixed cameras installed in specific points of roads for categorising the vehicles. But all these mechanisms cannot verify the documents and certificates of the vehicles. In our work, we have suggested an algorithm using RFID technology to automate the documentation verification process of the vehicles like Pollution, Insurance, Rc book etc with the help of RFID reader placed at road checking areas. This documents will be updated by the motor vehicle department at specific periods.
A novel design of a new passive tag RFID for railway application is presented. The proposed tag is based on multi-section narrow-band absorbing tiles. Based on absorbing resonance frequencies, different digits of the proposed RFID system are obtained. Thus the presence of an absorbing tile with specific resonance frequency corresponds to ‘1’ at the corresponding digit while replacing this tile with PEC sheet corresponds to ‘0’ at this digit. The proposed RFID system is based on UWB frequency band from 3.3 to 11.3 GHz. This band is divided into eighteen frequencies which correspond to eighteen digits. Designs of narrow band absorbers at these frequencies are presented in this paper. These designs should have appropriate bandwidth to avoid interference between closed digits as well as the Doppler Effect due to the speed of the railway vehicle. The proposed designs are based on using lossy substrates with low conductive patches. Radar cross sections (RCS) of finite tiles of these narrow band absorbers are presented. The difference between the RCS of the absorber tile and the equivalent PEC tile corresponds to the difference between ‘1’ and ‘0’ at the corresponding digit.
This paper introduces a hybrid system for vehicle access control using RFID and automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) technologies. RFID technology is proven to provide an effective solution to different tracking and localization problems. However, the technology has its shortcomings in tracking objects/users without a tag. As such, we propose to complement this technology with ALPR to control the access of different types of vehicles to the area of Makkah (Saudi Arabia) during Pilgrimage seasons. This limited area can easily get congested with the huge number of vehicles attempting access. Before the start of the season, vehicles authorized to access the region are assigned passive RFID tags specifying their allowed schedule of entry. Violating vehicles that do not have RFID tags are detected and identified using ALPR. The developed system was tested over two pilgrimage seasons. The experiments showed that the developed RFID system was able to identify all passing vehicles with speeds up to 100 km/h, while the ALPR system achieved 94 % recognition accuracy of vehicles not equipped with RFID tags.
Information Technology and Communications (ICT) is presented as the main element in order to achieve more efficient and sustainable city resource management, while making sure that the needs of the citizens to improve their quality of life are satisfied. A key element will be the creation of new systems that allow the acquisition of context information, automatically and transparently, in order to provide it to decision support systems. In this paper, we present a novel distributed system for obtaining, representing and providing the flow and movement of people in densely populated geographical areas. In order to accomplish these tasks, we propose the design of a smart sensor network based on RFID communication technologies, reliability patterns and integration techniques. Contrary to other proposals, this system represents a comprehensive solution that permits the acquisition of user information in a transparent and reliable way in a non-controlled and heterogeneous environment. This knowledge will be useful in moving towards the design of smart cities in which decision support on transport strategies, business evaluation or initiatives in the tourism sector will be supported by real relevant information. As a final result, a case study will be presented which will allow the validation of the proposal.
Advent of 4 G networks, IPv6 and increasing number of subscribers to these indicate that each mobile device will have its own IP address and virtually become a hotspot. In the coming years, systems that track and record our movements will indispensably be integrated in our everyday life. Location-based systems: dashboard navigation systems, Internet enabled smart phones with GPS features, and electronic tags that help us at various locations are extensively in use. In near future, location-aware/ context aware tools will become more common and sophisticated. Increasing number of services (apps)/devices that will track not only the location, but also the context / environment of the user will enter the market. The perils of exposure on Internet and subsequent exploitation have been widely recorded in literature. Some of the services provided do necessitate the knowledge of exact location, context and some personal details, like in case of assistance during accidents, but generally, applications like finding the restaurants or movies playing in an area do not require the exact location and context of the user. When a user's movement in public spaces is tracked and systematically recorded along with the context of his actions, his contextual privacy is under threat. This paper surveys current state of research in this area and analyses the effect of threat on the privacy of context aware system users. Based on the insight, we propose a novel framework to tackle the privacy preservation issue comprehensively: from user perspective as well as service provider perspective.
The idea of creating such a project was the fact that in Ukraine, as well as in many other countries the existing traffic control system does not correspond to the growth rate of the number of vehicles and pedestrians. As a whole lags behind the management of road traffic from the growing number of cars and the changing needs of the people.
A set of innovative scientific and technological solutions, including for solving social, human, economic and environmental problems associated with creation and use of a cloud for monitoring and management is developed. All of these technologies and tools are integrated into the automaton model of real-time interaction between monitoring and management clouds, vehicles and road infrastructure. Each car has a virtual model in a cyberspace - an individual cell in the cloud, which is invariant with respect to drivers of vehicles.
Traffic congestion in modern cities seriously affects our living quality and environments. Inefficient traffic management leads to fuel wastage in volume of billion gallons per year. In this paper, we propose a dynamic traffic control framework using vehicular communications and fine-grained information, such as turning intentions and lane positions of vehicles, to maximize traffic flows and provide fairness among traffic flows. With vehicular communications, the traffic controller at an intersection can collect all fine-grained information before vehicles pass the intersection. Our proposed signal scheduling algorithm considers the flows at all lanes, allocates more durations of green signs to those flows with higher passing rates, and also gives turns to those with lower passing rates for fairness provision. Simulation results show that the proposed framework outperforms existing works by significantly increasing the number of vehicles passing an intersection while keeping average waiting time low for vehicles on non-arterial roads. In addition, we discuss our implementation of an Zigbee-based prototype and experiences.
Today, the technology of RFID is not exploited to the maximum in automobile sector. There is no system that helps in tracing back the motion history of vehicles in case of a collision. This system provides a solution to this shortcoming thereby facilitating effective investigation over the pre-collision scenario. By storing the subsequent records of path taken using Tag Node Position (TNP) and the vehicle's speed data along with the time the TNP is encountered, the motive of the driver if there was any, could be revealed. This paper also illustrates using the proposed RFID system to monitor sponsored vehicles, by eliminating the chance of user counterfeiting his usage. Implementation of smart roads that is, roads free of traffic sign boards and speed limit boards is hereby made possible through In Vehicle Display Module ( IVDM). The Tag Nodes are burned with necessary road safety information. Easy location of places is another application projected in this system, helping visitors and tourists.
A successful RFID system, not only shields the heterogeneity of the underlying equipment and deals with complex data ALE, but also dynamically configures the mapping relations between process nodes and RFID data in accordance with changes in business processes. This paper describes the RFID business process server, which uses the idea of process component model to configure the relations among ALE data, business process components and business processes and designs process virtual machine as the core of process execution engine, and we first propose the ALE as signal which drives the implementation of business processes. In addition, we design business components according to the SCA specification in order to achieve reusable components. Finally, we use the server to provide solutions for the common business scene of logistics industry.
London Congestion Charge
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London congestion charge leads to flood of false number plates
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London's Congestion Fee Begets Pinched Plates The Wall Street Journal
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C-charge plans 'will waste ł166m Available: http://news.bbc.co
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Available : http://en
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