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Abstract
Studies show that exposure to the electromagnetic wave for a certain period of time will leads to health problem such as headaches, or even worse, brain cancer. Scientist have known that this radiation might cause human biological damage through heating effects since human body is made up of approximately 65-70% water, electrolytes and ions. Radio frequency radiation emitted from mobile phone will interact with human body and interfere with human body's natural healing resulted displacement of electrolytes and ions within the body. This paper discussed on the analysis conducted to study the effect of electromagnetic radiation (thermal radiation) of mobile phones with different frequencies via experimental works. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory using a volunteer (human). The period of operation is 45 minutes as the talking time on the phone. Thermal imaging technique is used to monitor and capture the temperature distribution during the experimental analysis for every 5 minutes interval. Images will be collected and analyzed using graphical plot. Devices such as Bluetooth headset and earphone are also used to study either this equipment are effective to reduce the effect of thermal radiation toward human head or not. The result shows that mobile phone serving GSM 900 MHz has the highest temperature increment compare to mobile phone serving GSM 1800 MHz. It is also shown that GSM 900 MHz has greater thermal radiation effect or heating effect. By using Bluetooth headset and earphone device when talking via mobile phone, the result shows lower radiation since direct radiations from the mobile phone antenna was reduced.
... According to the studies done so far, it has been shown that the exposure to the electromagnetic wave radiation will leads to various health problems such as headache, cancer, memory loss, genetic damage, increased blood pressure, migraines and weakening of the immune system. The electromagnetic radiations from mobile phone will interact with human body which results in displacement of ions and electrolytes in human body since it is made up of approximately 65-70% of water, electrolytes and ions (Mat et al., 2010). A cellular phone is a low-power, single-channel, two-way radio. ...
... It can cause dielectric heating effect or thermal effect (Better Health Channel, 2008;Electromagnetic Frequencies, 2006). Mobile phones emit electromagnetic radiations and these can be classified into ionising and non-ionising radiation (Mat et al., 2010). The GSM operated mobile phones has the higher effect on brain activity as compared to CDMA operated mobile phones (Tyagi et al., 2011). ...
... In this paper, we have conducted a study to reduce the effect of electromagnetic radiation on human brain from mobile phone when we used Bluetooth headset and earphone. Bluetooth headset is a device using Bluetooth technology where Bluetooth frequency is used to connect to the mobile phone to let mobile phone user listen and talk in conversation hands freely (Mat et al., 2010). Bluetooth always works in the unlicensed 2.4-GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and uses frequency-hopping spread-spectrum (FHSS) communication, which transmits data over different frequencies at different intervals (Dursch et al., 2004). ...
Technology is considered to be the mount to climb up and attain the desired degree of development in a society. Man has been trying to facilitate his life through inventions and innovation. He invaded telecommunication system which leads to invention of mobile phones. In recent years, usage of mobile phone increased drastically. Since the mobile phone comes close to the head, concern about adverse effects of mobile phone radiation on the nervous system increased and this badly affects the human brain. This paper discussed on the analysis done to study the reduced effect of electromagnetic radiation on human brain from mobile phone when we used Bluetooth headset and earphone. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory using five volunteers. The mobile phone used is consist of GSM 2G technology. The period of operation is 10 minutes as talking time on the phone. Electroencephalogram is method which is used to monitor and capture the brain signals during the experimental analysis for 10 minutes interval. The result shows that the effects of electromagnetic radiations are reduced more for earphone use than the Bluetooth headset.
... Currently, the mobile phone industry is the fastest growing industry owing to a huge subscriber base and tremendous growth in mobile phone technologies [1]. A whole new world of applications and content services are now available for every user. ...
... RF radiations have the ability to cause biological damage through heating effects as the human body is constituted of approximately 70% water, electrolytes, and ions. Further, weak electromagnetic fields (EMFs) such as RF radiations emitted from wireless mobile devices will interact with human body and affect the human body's own weak EMFs thus interfering with the body's immunity system [1]. This paper extends the above research and explores the mentioned threats in further new areas and usage scenarios. ...
... Currently, the mobile phone industry is the fastest growing industry owing to a huge subscriber base and tremendous growth in mobile phone technologies [1]. A whole new world of applications and content services are now available for every user. ...
... RF radiations have the ability to cause biological damage through heating effects as the human body is constituted of approximately 70% water, electrolytes, and ions. Further, weak electromagnetic fields (EMFs) such as RF radiations emitted from wireless mobile devices will interact with human body and affect the human body's own weak EMFs thus interfering with the body's immunity system [1]. This paper extends the above research and explores the mentioned threats in further new areas and usage scenarios. ...
... Currently, the mobile phone industry is the fastest growing industry owing to a huge subscriber base and tremendous growth in mobile phone technologies [1]. A whole new world of applications and content services are now available for every user. ...
... RF radiations have the ability to cause biological damage through heating effects as the human body is constituted of approximately 70% water, electrolytes, and ions. Further, weak electromagnetic fields (EMFs) such as RF radiations emitted from wireless mobile devices will interact with human body and affect the human body's own weak EMFs thus interfering with the body's immunity system [1]. This paper extends the above research and explores the mentioned threats in further new areas and usage scenarios. ...
... Therefore, RF can easily affect human beings. The water molecule is a polar molecule and human body has its own weak electromagnetic field and each of the cells has its own electromagnetic field (Mat et al., 2014). Weak electromagnetic fields such as RF radiation emitted from mobile phone will interact with human body and affect the human body's own weak electromagnetic fields. ...
Vast advances in communication technology have made mobile phone an important gadget of the 21st century. Nowadays, mobile phone is a necessary evil. Now teenagers start using mobile phones at the school level and it shows mobile phone playing a vital role in everyday life. This increased popularity and demand of mobile phone has raised concern about possible interaction between the Electromagnetic (EM) field radiation and human being. This has been found that EM radiations emitted by mobile phones can cause genetic damage, tumours, memory loss, increased blood pressure and weakening of the immune system, headache, increased heart attack rate, skin cancer, sleep disorder, etc. This paper discusses the experimental findings conducted to study the effect of EM radiations emitted from the mobile phone (GSM GT S7392) at different battery level towards human brain. This experiment was conducted to examine whether there is any difference in radiation pattern emitted from a mobile handset at different battery le...
... This paper presents results that show the effect of non-thermal radiation on human brain (Vorst et al., 2000;Christian, 2005;Mat et al., 2010). Among various wireless mobile phone technologies available, global system for mobile communications (GSM) and code division multiple access (CDMA) are the world's most popular standard in use. ...
The trend towards wireless replacement of wired service is unmistakable. With the decline in the relative cost of wireless technology and rapidly changing telecommunication infrastructure, customers will shift usage to a more convenient wireless access. Hence, mobile phone communication (wireless) is replacing traditional wired landline phones. With current high demand and anticipated further increase in usage of mobile phones, has led to renewed interest and considerable research effort to study the interaction between electromagnetic (EM) radiations emitted from mobile handsets and the human body. This paper discusses experimental findings conducted to study the effect of EM radiation from currently used wireless (GSM and CDMA) and wired technologies on human brain activity. The results show that GSM operated mobile phones effect the temporal and occipital regions of the brain most. It was found that human brain activity increases by a factor of 8 when compared with CDMA phones and this effect is 50 times greater when compared with landline phone.
... Despite the lack of perception, exposure to high-frequency energy including X-rays is termed ionizing radiation and is potentially damaging to human cells. By altering the atomic composition of cell structures, by breaking chemical bonds and by inducing free radical formation, sufficient exposure to ionizing radiation may inflict DNA damage or mutation, thus increasing the risk of malignancy or cell death [7,8]. ...
In recent years, due to technology advances human life are subjected to high level of Electromagnetic emission, Effects of the Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) on the humans health is one most significant concern in the world. The present paper recognize of the possible health hazard on the humanity by exposure of Electromagnetic radiations (EMR). Potential of electromagnetic radiation can radiate through transmission lines which are very close to human's life. The effects of the radiations are classified to two main categories that are known as ionization and non-ionization radiation may have ionization radiations have high energy that impact on the atoms in the cells, and lead to change their natural status, however they can be too dangerous and lethal, and they will lead to cancer and other diseases. On the other hand non-ionization radiations that consist of electromagnetic radiation such as communication waves, microwaves, electrical waves. This kind of radiation cannot change structure of atom; they just impact on their manner that it can lead to irreparable hurts.
Bu çalışmada kentsel bölgelere konuşlandırılmış antenlerden oluşan elektromanyetik ışıma dağılımlarının kentin sokak ve caddelerindeki değerlerinin nümerik olarak hesaplanması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla örnek bir kentsel bölgenin bilgisayar destekli tasarım modeli oluşturulmuş, sonrasında bu modelin içine yerleştirilen antenlerden oluşan elektromanyetik ışıma CADFEKO© yazılımı kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen benzetim sonuçları iki boyutlu elektrik ve manyetik alan grafikleri kullanılarak paylaşılmış ve anten kapsama alanı ile ilgili yorumlar yapılmıştır.
This paper presents a preliminary study on the comparison between hands-free and handheld 3G mobile phone on alpha brainwave signal for thirty samples. The resting alpha brainwave activities were recorded using EEG for three stages which are before, during and after calls. The data analysis involved correlation between left and right brainwaves signals using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0. From the result, the correlations of alpha left and alpha right for hands-free shows an increment 0.64%. This indicates that while using hands-free there is a minor positive effect to the alpha value. However, while using handheld, the correlation shows a decrement of 0.51 during call stage. This decrement shows a negative effect on the brainwave balancing although the samples were exposed for a short period of time. From this finding, there is evidence that using hands-free is slightly better in terms of reducing the effect of mobile phone on brainwave signals.
In this paper we design a convenient wireless temperature measuring device that is intended primarily for large numbers of users, not for individual use. Temperature recording for continuous measurement can be done through Bluetooth transmission or by inserting an infrared thermo sensor into the smartphone's headphone jack. An application on a smartphone allows immediate measurement of the temperature, and both the measurement and a user's archive photo taken at the same time are sent to a remote server over the wireless network. Users can check their long-term body temperature information instantly through the Internet.
This paper presents a preliminary study on the comparison between hands-free and handheld 3G mobile phone on alpha brainwave signal for thirty samples. The resting alpha brainwave activities were recorded using EEG for three stages which are before, during and after calls. The data analysis involved correlation between left and right brainwaves signals using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0. From the result, the correlations of alpha left and alpha right for hands-free shows an increment 0.64%. This indicates that while using hands-free there is a minor positive effect to the alpha value. However, while using handheld, the correlation shows a decrement of 0.51 during call stage. This decrement shows a negative effect on the brainwave balancing although the samples were exposed for a short period of time. From this finding, there is evidence that using hands-free is slightly better in terms of reducing the effect of mobile phone on brainwave signals.
In recent years, due to technology advances human life are subjected to high level of Electromagnetic emission, Effects of the Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) on the humans health is one most significant concern in the world. The present paper recognize of the possible health hazard on the humanity by exposure of Electromagnetic radiations (EMR). Potential of electromagnetic radiation can radiate through transmission lines which are very close to human’s life. The effects of the radiations are classified to two main categories that are known as ionization and non-ionization radiation may have ionization radiations have high energy that impact on the atoms in the cells, and lead to change their natural status, however they can be too dangerous and lethal, and they will lead to cancer and other diseases. On the other hand non-ionization radiations that consist of electromagnetic radiation such as communication waves, microwaves, electrical waves. This kind of radiation cannot change structure of atom; they just impact on their manner that it can lead to irreparable hurts.
In this study, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is
used to model mutual effects of a mobile phone and a human head in terms
of both biological effects and antenna design. A discrete human head
model and a hand-held receiver with various antennas mounted on top of
it, are located within a three dimensional (3D) FDTD algorithm is built
in Cartesian coordinates. Near fields are simulated directly in the time
domain for both sinusoidal and pulse type antenna excitations. The
antenna power, input impedance, absorbed power and the specific
absorption rate (SAR) distribution inside the head near the hand-held
receiver are calculated for various antenna types and human
head/hand-held receiver locations. The simulations are carried out for
both European GSM and DECT systems (at 900 and 1800 MHz, respectively).
The SAR distributions for various vertical and horizontal slices of the
head are calculated and are shown to agree with the available
calculation and measurement results. Besides, the effects of the human
head on the antenna radiation pattern are calculated where far field
simulations are obtained via a time-domain near-to-far-field (NTFF)
transformation based on Huygen's principle. Various hand-held receiver
antennas, including a quarter-wavelength wire, IFA, PIFA, symmetrical
and asymmetrical square or rectangular printed loops, are investigated
in terms of their radiation pattern, gain and efficiency. Different
antenna mountings are used and their effects to both antenna performance
and SAR distribution in the head are shown
This paper investigates local heating effects of the ear-skull region that handheld mobile phones can cause in humans. The goal is to visualize, quantify, and compare these thermal effects in various subjects using different commercial mobile phones in the normal contact position during standardized conversations. Thermal imaging is capable of measuring local temperatures directly, as opposed to other methods, which can only derive temperatures if the electromagnetic near-field pattern of the phone, the energy-absorbing tissue properties, and the blood-flow situation are exactly known. The strength of local temperature rises is an indicator of the total exposure related to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation from the mobile phone. It is shown in this paper that different commercially available handheld mobile phones can cause very different thermal effects under identical experimental conditions. The measurement results are expected to help consumers in choosing those phones that cause the least thermal influences and biological effects. They might also help change the phone user's behavior in order to minimize the exposure to electromagnetic radiation.