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Management of health, safety and environment in process industry

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Abstract

The present status of industrial HSE management in a number of EU member states is reviewed, with a focus on the integration of health, safety and environment in single management systems. The review provides insight into the standards and paradigms adopted by industry, and it identifies trends and needs for improvement. It appears that most industries consider goal-based HSE management programs to be a success and believe them to contribute to the profitability of the industry. We conclude that HSE management would benefit greatly from guidance on how to use existing management systems efficiently and also from the further development of meaningful safety performance indicators that identify the conditions prior to accidents and incidents.

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... However, there is a lack of research to assess the impact of HSE risk factors on employee performance, which is one of the purposes of this paper. HSE risk factors contain many indicators defned by experts (e.g., 28 indicators are defned by China National Petroleum Corporation). It requires much additional resources to evaluate each HSE risk indicator without identifying the key variables afecting performance. ...
... to ensure the management efciency [6]. In some European Union (EU) member states, HSE management programs have also been developed to improve their safety performance [28]. All these studies and applications have proved that HSE is frequently used in high-risk construction projects to eliminate or decrease safety injuries, adverse health infuences, and hurt to the environment [8]. ...
... Te results indicate that positively changing the occupational H&S management may positively change workers' satisfaction, psychosocial work environment, and health-related behavior. Duijm et al. [28] demonstrated that HSE management would beneft greatly from guidance on how to utilize current management systems efectively and also from the further development of meaningful safety indicators. Moreover, researchers have considered incorporating further elements to demonstrate the impact on HSE management. ...
Article
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Risk control in complex transport construction is complicated due to the dangerous nature of high variation and unpredictability. Most of the current research analysis focuses on the health, safety, and environment (HSE) risk assessment and employee performance evaluation, which neglects the impact of HSE risks on employee performance. Consequently, this research develops a framework to evaluate employee performance and identify key factors affecting performance. The employee performance indicators and HSE indicators are established by reviewing related literature. Using data from questionnaires, an artificial neural network- (ANN-) based model of employee activity effectiveness is then developed to evaluate employee performance. Sensitivity analysis is implemented to determine the key factors affecting employee performance. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, a large-scale cross-sea channel project, is taken as a case study for validation. The model results show that the employees are satisfied with the effect of HSE management in general, but the psychological stress they perceive becomes large. The indicators of risk control and employee participation positively impact employee performance, while job satisfaction has a negative impact on performance. These findings indicate that operators should pay more attention to employees’ psychological perception of work and form a standardized process management and control plan to prevent cumbersome processes from increasing employees’ workload. This study helps construction systems and managers to identify the areas of strengths and weaknesses in their HSE management. The research only focuses on the impact of HSE risks on managers’ performance in the complex transport construction project. In the future, further engineering projects and employee performance in composite scenarios can be investigated to improve the overall productivity.
... Most organizations strive for sustainability internally by providing workplace conditions that are conducive to employee safety and health. Therefore, developing a workplace safety culture has become a competitive factor for sustainable companies [7,8]. While protecting employee safety and health has been a requirement since the 1970s, the UN Brundtland Commission report of 1987 announced that sustainability would emerge as a major issue [6]. ...
... Firms must adequately manage risks and hazards to protect the safety of workers in the workplace [9][10][11]. Risk should be systematically assessed and if hazards cannot be rectified immediately, plans should be developed and follow-up actions taken [7,8,15]. These efforts can be improved through continuous participation of internal and external stakeholders and through monitoring activities. ...
... For H3 and H4, the standardized path coefficients between participation activity and work safety performance were 0.396, and between participation activity and environmental performance were 0.227 and statistically significant at the 0.01 level, supporting H3 and H4. The results of this study are similar to those of previous studies e.g., references [7,8,33]. If an organization has an effective production process for occupational safety through participation activity to reduce possible risk in the workplace, it would provide employees with opportunities to induce voluntary participation. ...
Article
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This research empirically examines the effect of safety management and sustainable activities on sustainable performance of work safety and workplace environments. The proposed model with developed hypotheses were tested using the data collected from 189 respondents in Korean firms across various industries. The research findings indicate that planning and control systems affect activities of participation and monitoring in supply chain management (SCM) processes, which in turn positively affect sustainable performance. The results of the study present practical implications regarding the relationships among planning and control, participation and monitoring activities, and the performance of work safety and workplace environments. The study also provides new insights and implications regarding firms’ investment strategies for safety management to facilitate sustainable work environments. Activities of participation and monitoring within SCM are especially critical for sustainable safety management and efficient operations.
... Irrespective of this proposition, risk and hazard management among organizations, particularly highly risky industries, differ in administration and efficiency. Achieving functioning and systematic OHSM practices as well differs 18,19 . ...
... What determines an efficient OHSM practice differs in context and dimensions 19,60 due to several challenges, such as the degree of exposure that differs across organizations, lack of commitment 25 , lack of knowledge 79 , lower financial resources 79,80 , and giving priorities to production and operational activities whiles completely ignoring the safety of workers 18,19 . Be as it may be, one of the most recognized and significant OHSM practices highlighted by previous studies is the degree of management support and commitment to successful safety performance 22,[81][82][83][84] . ...
Article
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To address the issue of promoting occupational health and safety at the workplace, this study aimed to evaluate the mediating effect of four different dimensional constructs of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on the influence Occupational Health and Safety Management Practices (OHSMP) hold on safety performance and workplace accidents among oil and gas workers. The study is explanatory research that adopted a cross-sectional survey design. Convenience and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 699 respondents from the three major government-owned oil and gas organizations. The multiple standard regression and bootstrapping mediation methods were used for data analysis after subjecting the data to exploratory and confirmatory factor assessments. Results indicated that OHSMP significantly predicts EI, safety performance, and workplace accidents. Again, EI was found to predict safety performance and workplace accidents significantly. Results also indicated that all the construct dimensions for measuring EI significantly explain the relationship between OHSMP and safety performance, as well as the influence of OHSMP on workplace accidents. The theoretical basis for these findings is that workers with high-level EI are likely to cope with occupational health and safety lapses or safety-related challenges at the workplace by participating and complying with the organization’s safety management practices or procedures. Such employees are likely to exhibit safe working behaviors and contribute to improving safety performance in the organization.
... The occupational safety management practices utilized in industries typically focus towards establishing safety guidelines, enforcing effective principles supporting enhancement of employee performance, physical and emotional wellbeing [15,16]. In the present work, the perception of the employees over the safety measures, organization's commitment over protection against hazardous environmental conditions and overall satisfaction of employee concerning with the safety programmes and policies were explored. ...
... Provision of instructing guidebooks detailing work procedures and emergency protocols to be followed in during standard workdays and emergency situations. 16 Communication of safety principles and rules in organizational meetings, drives and presentations. 17 Provision of instruction manuals to employees when joining work, about standard operating practices followed in the organization. ...
Article
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Although industries are showing a substantial progress in controlling occupational hazards, health and safety, recurrences of accidents and industrial disasters have caused studies related to enhancing the emergency responses and safety capability assessments across industries. This study emphasises primarily for the need for an increased attention associated with human factors and its association with organizational policies and practices in occupational safety and health management (OSHM) and the study furthermore proposes an effective approach for analysing its effects with goal for addressing on reinforcing the industrial safety protocols and regulations with regards to hazards assessment. The present study addresses on key concerns attributing on whether the present industrial policies, objectives, protocols, critical communication, safety culture, training and competency development programmes and facilities and services within the industry are in correlation with OSHM standards as it is pivotal for the safety department and improving standard protocol for further strengthening, coordinating and collectively monitoring the execution of all the actions intended to deal with an industrial accident and its impacts. The findings from the rendered cross-sectional regression data from the series of sessions were explored over the course of the study investigation.
... Globally, organizations have responsibilities towards the protection of human life hence the management of risk and hazards at the workplace is an essential element of operational activities. Irrespective of this preposition, risk and hazards management among organizations, precisely highly risky industries, differ in administration and efficiency, hence, achieving functioning and systematic OHSM practices as well differs [19,20]. Without contentions, it can be argued that systematic and functioning OHSM systems and practices among organizations save lives and improve the quality of life of workers [21]. ...
... Without contentions, it can be argued that systematic and functioning OHSM systems and practices among organizations save lives and improve the quality of life of workers [21]. However, what determines an efficient OHSM practice even in accordance to literature differs in context and dimensions [20,22,23] due to several challenges such as the lack of commitment [21], lack of knowledge [24], lower financial resources [24,25], and giving priorities to production and operational activities whiles completely ignoring the safety of workers [19,20]. ...
Article
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In this study, the dimensions for assessing work performance extend the performance theories established in previous literature, whereas the integrated multifaceted OHSM practices employed diverge from the traditional individualistic approach by providing insights into more flexible managerial practices that are employee-centred and outcome-oriented. The findings from this study address the need for organizations to appreciate the importance of managing workers’ perception of OHSM practices as a motivational drive that induces work performance.
... In addition, the implementation of the processes can share information more easily in the organization. Because prevention of the development of risks in the workplace requires a clear understanding of the key factors influencing it (Duijm et al., 2008;Hinze et al., 2006). The next priority was inspections and audit performance. ...
... In addition to HSE processes, this item should be included in other processes and the authorities should take its responsibility. Duijm recommended that after integrating the establishment of the HSE management, inspections should be reviewed and fitted, and then performance should be considered; this can encourage organisations to go beyond the requirements of the HSE (Duijm, Fievez, Gerbec, Hauptmanns, & Konstandinidou, 2008). ...
Article
Background This study aimed to intervene in the organization processes based on the HSE perspective and designing the processes of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE). Methods: This study is mixed methods research based on the case study. The processes of HSE were identified and designed by studying the relevant documentation, interview techniques and a focus group of experts, and also examining the best practice. Finally, the probability of improvement in the implementation of the suggestions was estimated. Results: After reviewing the HSE activities, all the important activities of HSE were identified. In examining the feasibility of the process design, the two processes of cost-benefit management and resilience strategy of the organization were not designed. To cover a number of identified activities, the five processes of HSE training, risk management and its effects, incident management, emergency management, and the management of contractors were suggested. Then, to cover other activities of HSE, a set of changes in eight processes was planned. Conclusion: This approach can lead to changes in other organizational processes. According to the results of the effects of improvement, it was specified that the proposed processes and interventions can have a significant effect on improving HSE indices.
... In order to achieve this mission, innovative strategies tailored to current needs and aligned with international approaches are needed. Organizations spend annually billions on sustainability [1][2]. ...
... Sustainable development focuses on measurements, reporting, standards and certifications, research, education or investment, but an essential part of sustainability efforts should be the safety and health of workers. Developing a safety culture at work has become a competitive factor for sustainable companies [1][2][3]. Protecting the safety and health of employees was a requirement set out in the Brundtland Commission report. The report was published in 1987. ...
Article
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The three responsibilities of the environment, society, and economy are used to model how sustainability can be incorporated into an organization’s mission, goals, and practices. There are many worker problems embedded in the concept of sustainability. From the perspective of sustainable development, occupational health and safety (OSH) refers to promoting safety, security, health and welfare of workers. Using an integrated sustainability approach offers a way to rethink worker protection approaches and raises new exploration issues and innovation opportunities. This paper aims to present the connections between OSH and sustainable development taking into account the needs of the economic environment. It focuses on Safety and Health’s Core Role in Sustainability. Researchers have also tried to advance the road to sustainable development through innovation and improvement of occupational and health security.
... for planning, implementation, monitoring and review of an organization's activities aimed at delineating how an organization will manage its impacts on the environment and those who depend on it, and at improving an organization's overall environmental performance (Daddi et al., 2011;Fiorino, 2004Fiorino, , 2006Mazurek, 2004;Sroufe et al., 1998). Duijm et. al. 2008) Environmental performance is based on measurable results related to affected environmental conditions, such as air or water quality, as well as conditions and indicators relative to the organization, such as reductions in emissions and releases, or consumption of energy. ...
... ISO 14001 System Components (adapted fromDuijm et. al. 2008) ...
... In general, the HSE management systems of every industry are becoming increasingly more complex and more bureaucratic [27,28]. This complex phenomenon is also noticed in the offshore wind industry as the interviews made for this research show that there is no procedural harmony between HSE management systems among the offshore wind companies. ...
... These can be ensured only by a harmonized HSE systems applicable for the whole offshore wind industry. Previous research on the process industry discovered similar findings [28]. ...
... In actuality, the culture of safety is more accurately the culture of management, although safety performance and safety culture have been quantified in some studies [11]. In the context of the business case for process safety, the regulation of cultural safety items has gone largely untouched in the United States, even while European governments have increased regulation and seen better safety performance, although at the cost of some production [12]. ...
Technical Report
The purpose of this paper is to present the business case for safety in the chemical process industries. Although process safety has improved in the 21st century and many lessons have been learned from key incidents (Bhopal, Piper Alpha, etc.), major, deadly accidents continue to occur in the United States alone with regular frequency. This paper will present evidence from five recent incidents: BP Texas City Refinery Incident, 2005; Bayer Pesticide Plant Explosion, 2008; Imperial Sugar Explosion, 2008; Dupont Phosgene Release, 2010; Pryor Gas Well Blowout, 2018. A brief overview will be provided for each incident as part of a literature review, followed by an in-depth analysis of the incidents, what went wrong, commonalities between them, and the financial/corporate consequences of the incidents.
... Depth of OHSMS implementation may determine level of success in this endeavor. Organizations may differ in level of success in implementing a functioning systematic OHSMS and, while several industries consider goal-based management programs as a successful method, it is not clear how to efficiently use management systems to develop meaningful safety performance indicators that identify conditions prior to incidents occurring (Duijm et al., 2008). ...
Article
Occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMSs) have been proposed as a method of managing human health and safety risk and reduce injuries and illnesses. The investigation objective was to determine the association between OHSMS performance, as measured by scores from assessments and inspections, and mishap rates and mishap outcomes. Results for 55 OHSMS assessments/inspections across 15 organizations from the years 2017-2022 were analyzed. Results were paired with 545 mishaps and according to mishap classification, mishap category, and mishap severity. Correlation analysis was conducted to determine strength and significance of association between OHSMS performance and mishap rates. Improved OHSMS performance, as measured by scores from assessments and inspections, was associated with lower severity mishap occurrence such as reduced rates of fatalities, permanent total and partial disability, and property damage. Mishaps involving fatalities and permanent total disability had the strongest association with measured OHSMS performance. This research indicates that higher levels of OHSMS performance may help reduce severe worker injuries and illnesses and reduce mishap costs.
... En el estudio de los sistema de gestión de forma individual existe abundante literatura, así por ejemplo, la revisión académica referente a la gestión medioambiental ha estudiado los condicionantes de las empresas que deciden implantar el sistema ISO 14001, su posterior certificación y su impacto económico (Cañón de Francia y Garcés Ayerbe, 2006; Marimon et al., 2011;Narasimhan y Schoenherr, 2012). La centrada en sistemas de gestión de seguridad y salud laboral ha estudiado la relación de este sistema de gestión con la reducción de los riesgos para los trabajadores, la reducción de accidentes y el desarrollo de las empresas (Duijm et al., 2008;Fernández-Muñiz et al., 2009Vinodkumar y Bhasi, 2011;Veltri et al., 2013). ...
Article
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La importancia de los sistemas de gestión para la integración de la RSC en la estrategia de la empresa es un recurso vital que ha sido poco estudiado en las empresas tecnológicas. En este artículo se propone un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para explicar la influencia de la RSC y su integración en el sistema de gestión de la empresa, facilitada por la existencia de sistemas de gestión normalizados previos, y cómo influye dicha integración en la estrategia de la empresa y si esto tiene un reflejo en el performance económico de la empresa tecnológica. El estudio se llevó a cabo en empresas ubicadas en parques científicos y tecnológicos españoles. Los resultados del modelo revelan que existe una relación positiva, directa y estadísticamente significativas entre la integración de la RSC y la estrategia, por un lado, y la integración y el performance, por el otro. Asimismo se evidencia unas relaciones indirectas entre los sistemas de gestión normalizados previos a la implantación de la RSC y el performance y, por tanto, con implicaciones prácticas para la gestión de la RSC en empresas tecnológicas.
... Such industries have many risks that can cause serious harm to humans, the environment, and the economy. range of these industries includes petrochemical industries, copper steel industries, etc. [1,2]. In the past decades, the need to change the control process and improve safety in process industries has increased a lot [3]. ...
Article
Full-text available
Introduction: Process industries may have different hazards that can cause serious injury to humans, the environment, and the economy. Considering the importance of man-made risks in process industries, Experts' Points of View should be considered to apply risk reduction strategies Hence, the present study was performed to explain the views of experts regarding the types and importance of man-made hazards in process industries. Materials and methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative method of directed content analysis with a deductive approach. The participants included 22 experts in the field of process industries. The selection of samples started purposeful and continued until data saturation. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. Results: Based on experts' points of view, 5 man-made hazards in process industries were classified into 14 subcategories. The man category was divided into three subcategories: human error, technical knowledge error, and management error, the Material category was divided into 3 sub-categories of leakage and rupture, chemical properties, physical properties, Medium category was divided into two sub-categories of incorrect location selection and placement and harmful environmental factors, Machines category was divided into three sub-categories of failure in design, failure in Preventive Maintenance (PM), failure in Safety Instrumented System (SIS), and the Methods category was classified into three sub-categories: defects in inspection, defects in information, defects in executive instructions. Conclusion: Technical training to reduce personnel errors, conducting risk-based inspections to control leaks and possible ruptures, careful design and site selection in the initial phase of the project, is recommended. The use of engineering methods and artificial intelligence to obtain the risk number and control methods to reduce the harmful effects of risks can be helpful.
... Furthermore, reliance solely on accident statistics (lagging/reactive indicator) not really reflect the actual overall safety performance of an organization. This is because the dependency on the accident statistics, especially SMEs are still less effective for measuring the level of safety in an organization [28]. Thus, the development of more diverse and comprehensive indicators are unignorably needed. ...
Article
Global demands of halal products are expected to increase in near future. Hence, Malaysia has taken proactive actions to realize its aspiration in becoming a champion of global halal hub. However, this development has also brought along impact on safety level for halal industry’s workers and neighborhood. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of safety management in halal industry and obtains halal player’s opinion towards cooperative safety management. The research method involved analysis on current state of safety management practice in halal industry and survey. These methods are not mutually exclusive approaches but they are complimentary. The results shown that both dominance (government-to-halal industry) and individual approaches (exclusively move as an individual) aim to establish mutual cooperation between authority and halal industry in fostering a safety culture. In addition, the findings also shown that the initial development of cooperative safety management is noteworthy but yet, this approach requires further in-depth study.
... e consultoría para trámites de certificación.Finalmente, la recolección de experiencias en la mayoría de los casos de estudio reportados, no solo se dirigen al éxito de la implementación de un Sistema Integrado, también se evidenciaron dificultades como los casosde Zeng et. al (2007),Zutshi & Sohal (2005), Nunhes et. al (2017,Guilherme et. al (2013), Duijm et. al (2008) y Santos et. al (2011, reconociendo que el proceso presenta inconvenientes a nivel interno de la organización. En Colombia, los problemas generados en sectores como las PyMES tanto en la implementación e integración de Sistemas de Gestión no ha sido abordado como tema de estudio.Sistema Integrado de Gestión HSEQ: Revisión de Literatura ...
Article
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Los formatos hard-discount han venido generando crecimientos acelerados en su volumen de ventas a nivel global. Entender la dinámica de sus operaciones logísticas se ha vuelto de interés dada la oferta de valor, precios bajos y asequibles al consumidor. En Colombia 8 de cada 10 clientes compraron en este tipo de formatos en 2018. Entender las estrategias logísticas utilizadas en su cadena de suministro y cómo se relacionan con los proveedores representa una oportunidad de investigación. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar la operación logística de este tipo de formatos bajo tres perspectivas i) cómo tratan la calidad de los datos, ii) los procesos logísticos como la fabricación, la reposición de existencias, la gestión de inventarios, el almacenamiento, el transporte y la distribución y las devoluciones y, por último, iii) se desarrolla una aproximación preliminar en cuanto al porcentaje de productos fuera de stock en los formatos de discounter comparando los principales actores del sector. Los resultados sugieren la incorporación de la logística inversa en la operación de los discounters, la gestión de las roturas de stock y la identificación y caracterización física de sus productos con fines de trazabilidad para reducir las devoluciones de producto.
... Work safety studies must be done integrated with the health, safety and environment in single management systems, HSE management (DUIJIMA et al., 2008). HSE management would benefit greatly from guidance on how to use existing management systems more efficiently and also how to further develop meaningful safety performance indicators that identify the conditions prior to accidents and incidents.This paper aims to describe work safety data analysis of electric power systems particularly through the data analysis of an electric power company in northeast Brazil. ...
Article
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The risks associated with working in the energy sector are: electrical risks, falls, and occupational risks. Describe the risks in the electricity sector, particularly through with data of an electric power company in Northeast Brazil. These data were acquired through accidents internal reporting which resulted in a total of 546 events. Variables such as worker age, day of week, month, and hour of occurrence were analyzed. In terms of worker age, the highest incidence of accidents (74%) occurs with more experienced workers in the company, specifically in those workers 41 to 60 years of age. An increase in the amount of days lost due to accident is related to an increase in the age of the worker. Using a statistical model the influence of worker age (WA) and working time (WT) in the behavior of the dependent variable of days absent (DA) were determined.
... The complete yearly expense to the EU of business-related wounds and sick health in 2001 was assessed at between 185 billion and 270 billion, or between 2.6 percent and 3.8 percent, of the EU's GNP. In correlation, the expense of occupational mishaps in Vietnam for 2006 was evaluated at US$3 billion [66]. The next paragraph shows the expenses of occupational safety and health in an industrialized nation. ...
Article
Nowadays occupational health & safety have become very essential in the areas of human or organizational behavior. It is concerned with observations related to the environmental conditions of employees’ workplace, such as maintenance & promotion of higher needs like employee's mental well-being, social & physical conditions of employee’s workplace by every department. Occupational health & safety has become a major concern around the globe that is leading to a paradigm shift. The area of occupational health and safety is basically concerned with the protection of people’s health and safety within the work environment according to the work that is assigned to them. This research presents criticisms, observations, and functions of individual sources and combination of sources that form the literature on occupational health and safety. More so, the paper focuses on reviewing empirical works that have been done in the area of occupational health and safety so as to provide insight on the recent trends and techniques associated with the management of occupational health and safety. To achieve this, several previous studies on the topic have been reviewed.
... Therefore, it is of little reference significance for enterprises to establish safety management system. In addition, some scholars hold the view that establishing and operating a safety management system in small and medium-sized enterprises is considered to be expensive but have no practical value to the organization, which makes it difficult for a formal structure such as a safety management system to maintain for a long time in the enterprise [3][4]. Stateowned enterprises, usually large-scale and well-organized, are suitable for establishing a safety [5]. ...
Article
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The establishment of safety management system is of great significance to improve safety management of state-owned enterprises. In order to provide some help for state-owned enterprises to establish a safety management system, the shortcomings of state-owned enterprises in safety management are summarized and a general behavior paradigm of establishment of a safety management system from the enterprise level is put forward based on literature research. Besides, the key elements of safety management system are discussed by fuzzy Borda number analytical method based on the grille, and the results show that when setting up the key elements of the safety management system, enterprises should pay more attention to objectives and policies, risk control, emergency management, institutions and responsibilities, laws, regulations and standards, occupational health, performance evaluation, interested parties, check and correct, management review, education and training, on-site management, accident management, leadership and commitment, system support and continuous improvement.
... Failure to do so can have serious health, safety and environmental (HSE) and financial consequences [41]. In many cases, profitability is increased by improving availability and preventing accidents (avoiding production stoppages and the loss of human or capital resources) [42]. In addition, ineffective asset and maintenance management could be attributable to issues such as lost profits due to lack of production during planned and unplanned stoppages, loss of customers, damage to reputation and consequently loss of market share due to maintenance-related factors leading to delivery delays and poor quality [43]. ...
Article
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The commitment of organisations to physical assets management (PAM) has recently received considerable attention in theory and practice. Indeed, PAM plays a key role in asset-intensive organizations and is also considered as a principal actor within Industry 4.0. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the PAM core practices and the performance implications of integrating these practices into business, in particular by assessing their impact on operational performance. Survey data were collected from managers in 138 international and local organisations. The data was analysed using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM). The study validates the second-order construct consisting of PAM latent variables, namely Strategy and Planning, Risk management, Lifecycle Delivery, Asset Information, and Asset Review. The results have shown that PAM core practices directly influence operational performance. This paper is a response to recent calls for empirical studies on the organisational approaches that can increase the success of organisations.
... Moreover, the utilization of catalysis and enzymes as fertilizers and agricultural products could not only reduce the nitrous oxide emissions but also improve the green agriculture and food security (Schomburg et al., 2017). To substantially eliminate the discharged pollutants, the chemical industries have developed the monitoring programs to enhance the profitability of chemical processes (Duijm et al., 2008). The preventions for accidents and incidents were the fundamental elements for workers' security and safety in the chemical plants (Doytchev and Hibberd, 2009). ...
... The introduction of sound legislation imposes the necessity to take risk-reduction actions at different levels that act to prevent, control, or mitigate major accidents [26]. For this purpose, Duijm et al. [9] reviewed the issue in relation to the management of health, safety, and the environment in the chemical process industry, and they showed that the integration of these three aspects appears to be essential to support companies in achieving the optimal benefit [14]. The immediate consequence of the above discussion is that companies need to plan how to make strategic investments for risk management, and these cannot be based on a simple "cost-benefit" comparisons for several reasons. ...
Article
In this paper we review and discuss the use of Analytic Hierarchy Process as a basis for prioritising investments in safety measures in the chemical industry. We point out that such a framework is not, in general, adequate. First, uncertainty is not properly taken into consideration because the focus is on expected values. Second, little weight is given to the strength of additional knowledge. In this paper we recommend some adjustments to a traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process in order to better guide safety investments. The chemical industry is the starting point, but the discussions are to a large extent general.
... In particular, the data on temperature, pressure, concentration and state of aggregation of the dangerous substances provide essential elements for the classification of plants into groups with different hazard potentials. Furthermore, as stated in [3], HSE management would benefit greatly from the improvement of environmental performance indicators, that identify the conditions prior to accidents through the measurement of physical parameters related to relevant conditions for occupational health. The possibility of ensuring necessary interventions which are needed if wireless sensor data goes across pre-defined thresholds, is allowed by integrated solutions based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) and wireless sensor technology, which eliminate manually monitoring [4]. ...
Conference Paper
The improvement of workers' safety, especially in complex and potentially dangerous scenario is a mandatory task. To this end, in recent years, there has been a large interest to complement actual passive solutions with IoT based system in order to provide a context related awareness information. Indeed, well informed workers can better manage anomalous situations avoiding dangerous situations. Unfortunately, the large part of the solutions proposed in the literature have difficulties to be accepted because they have implicitly mechanism that can, even if only in potential, be used to monitoring the workers' activities. With the aim to overcome such drawback, in the context of Smart-Bench project we propose a fully distributed solution where all the detailed information is managed in order to avoid any possible incorrect abuse of the data. In more detail, using an architecture based on deployed and wearable sensors, the system is able to provide information about the environmental status directly and exclusively to the worker. Only in case of anomalous situation the information is shared in order to better manage the crisis. With the aim to design a solution easy to be implemented with limited effort and fully integrated with the IoT standards, we propose a distributed infrastructure based on the BLE standard.
... Most of the SMEs focus on the day-to-day operations of their business to ensure that their business will survive and maximize benefits. SMEs consider that OHS&EMS is the management of constraints and not their main business [14]. 3) Lack of information concerning an integrated OHS&EMS. ...
... As stated in [2], Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) management would benefit greatly from the improvement of environmental performance indicators, that identify the conditions prior to accidents through the measurement of physical parameters related to relevant conditions for occupational health. Recent research developments, as described in [3] [4] extend the concept of smart elements to the workers by including them in a large environmental network composed by cyber, physical, and human elements; this new kind of system is identified by the authors as Cyber-Physical Human System (CPHS). ...
... These two categories are mainly the engineering and the behavioral intervention. Duijm et al (2008) argued that the engineering factors emphasis on reducing and reducing physical hazards within the environment, while behavioral factors base on environment deals with the behaviors of the workers so that the hazardous environment can be improved through interaction. ...
Article
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Safety and health at workplace is an emergent concern in almost all parts of the world including developing countries such as Malaysia. Construction industry is one of the most hazardous industries with regard to work-related injury and fatality rates. Impact on the company would include loss working hours of injured employee, cost of repair and replacement of property and damages as well as increment in insurance premium. The purpose of the study is intended to examine the relationship between factors with safety performance at construction sites. This study investigates whether factors such as working environment, education & training, PPE and weather have any influence on safety performance. The study was conducted among construction workers at Sesco Sub-Station, Balingian, and Sarawak. A set of validated questionnaires were distributed to 100 construction workers. Data were examined based on 95 returned questionnaires (respond rate 95%). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength of relationship between independent and dependent variables. It was concluded that the most important factor affecting safety performance of the construction workers at SESCO Sub-Station, Balingian, and Sarawak is PPE.
... Para el análisis de resultados de la evaluación los expertos (Zuñiga 2008;Antti 2004;Duijm et al. 2008;Makin y Winder 2008;Fernández, Montes, y Vázquez 2009) han coincidido frente a la supervisión y medición del desempeño que es indispensable el seguimiento constante a través de indicadores de gestión, de resultados y de procesos, incluso deben estar incluidos en las herramientas empresariales como los balance score card que faciliten el ajuste de los planes, la evaluación por parte de la dirección y sirvan como insumo para la toma de decisiones. ...
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La salud y seguridad en el trabajo (SST) es un enfoque de la prevención de riesgos profesionales que requiere del aporte de diferentes disciplinas, entre ellas, las ciencias económicas y de la administración. Por ello, ha surgido una variedad de sistemas de gestión de la salud y seguridad en el trabajo (SGSST) que la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) buscó unificar a través de las Directrices relativas a los SGSST. El estudio buscó identificar los elementos de las directrices presentes en los diferentes SGSST publicados. Para ello, se efectuó una revisión sistemática exploratoria en las bases de datos WilsonWeb, Lilacs, PAHO, Science Direct) y un portal de información técnica Prevención Integral. Se encontraron 271 artículos, de los cuales 39 fueron incluidos. Se concluyó que los elementos planteados en las directrices de la OIT pueden ser integrados a otros sistemas de gestión y garantizan la activa participación de los actores de los niveles directivos, tácticos y operacionales de cualquier organización, lo cual implica cambios estructurales y culturales para la misma; por ello, lo que se busca es que el experto en salud y seguridad conozca y se apropie de esta herramienta entendiéndola como un facilitador para la consecución de sus objetivos a partir del potencial de la organización.
... It was proposed that mediation should be founded on an organizational wellbeing culture method where patient dealing is fully incorporated into clinical preparation, in view of learning principles and abilities. Duijm et al [9] studied the management of wellbeing and security in the process industry. They used the inputs and guidelines adopted by the industry in their model to recognize patterns and requirements for development. ...
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In healthcare firms, environmental health and safety (EHS) remains as a vital factor as healthcare products pose very intricate problems related to environment safety. The different similar and dissimilar risk factors that prevail in the system have complicated known and unknown causal relationships that are difficult to understand and interpret. Hence, improving the EHS remains as a challenge in healthcare industry. A research study is carried out utilizing the data (in conjunction with expert’s opinion) and conditions of a healthcare firm in India to categorize and obtain the prominent risk factors based on identifying the most adverse causal relationship among them. A Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (fuzzy DEMATEL)-based approach is designed and employed to assess and rank different EHS risk factors. The trapezoidal fuzzy membership function of the model facilitates better learning of interrelationships in spite of the prevailing vagueness in the causal relationships between the risk factors. The outcomes (the decisive risk factors) out of the experimentation using the proposed methodology strongly coincide with the actual causes of the EHS factors during the last one decade. As the proposed approach is found to be very effective in fixing the causal relationships and ranking among the risk factors, this may be successfully employed in similar healthcare firms/industries for finding out their respective decisive risk factors.
... As reported by Ratnayake and Markeset [48], ineffective PAM leads to serious health, safety, and environment (HSE) and financial consequences. Furthermore, it has been evidenced in prior studies (e.g., Duijm et al. [49]) that profitability increases by improving availability and accident prevention (preventing loss of production and loss of human or capital resources). ...
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This article is aimed at exploring the relationship between physical asset management (PAM) practices and sustainability performance. A framework of interrelated constructs was developed based on the existing literature and consequently tested through empirical study. Survey data were collected from organizations operating in six European countries (i.e., Greece, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, and Turkey) and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM). The results offer support for the proposed hypotheses, showing that PAM practices positively influence the sustainability performance outcomes, namely economic, environmental, and employee-related social performance. Overall, this study demonstrates that a PAM framework can be conceptualized by four sub-constructs, namely physical asset risk management, physical asset performance assessment, physical asset lifecycle management, and physical asset policy and strategy. Finally, this study brings to light some theoretical and managerial implications as well as directions for future research. The findings of the study underscore PAM areas in which managers should focus on in order to optimize costs, performance, and risk exposures concerning the physical assets, and therefore enhance sustainability performance.
... The usefulness of their adoption is now widely agreed in the industrial field [1]. The Quality systems have many common aspects resulting from the same methodological framework defined by the Deming cycle [2], [3], [6], [8]. ...
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Jalur evakuasi dan titik kumpul (assembly point) memegang peranan penting dalam keselamatan bangunan perusahaan, terutama dalam menghubungkan seluruh area menuju titik kumpul yang lebih aman. Namun, standar yang berlaku di Indonesia memerlukan pembaruan untuk hasil yang lebih optimal, terutama dalam merespons keadaan darurat seperti kebakaran, gempa bumi, dan situasi darurat lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keefektifan rambu titik kumpul dalam mengamankan keselamatan dan kesehatan pekerja di bangunan perusahaan saat terjadi bahaya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi pengembangan rambu titik kumpul berdasarkan Permen PUPR No. 14 Tahun 2017 dan IBC 2018 edition, serta untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review yang mencakup sumber-sumber publikasi dari tahun 2018 hingga 2023. Sebanyak lima jurnal digunakan, terdiri dari dua jurnal internasional dan tiga jurnal nasional, untuk menganalisis praktik terbaik dalam desain jalur evakuasi dan titik kumpul serta implementasinya dalam meningkatkan keselamatan di bangunan perusahaan. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas mengenai metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dan menganalisis informasi yang relevan dalam konteks peningkatan keselamatan bangunan perusahaan.
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Description This manual highlights the most recent advances in petroleum upstream activities, with emphasis on With the current climate of increased world population and consumption, the knowledge of advances in petroleum technology is vital to keeping fossil fuel usage affordable and clean. This book will be useful for designers, researchers, operators, managers, decision-makers, business professionals, and government officials.
Conference Paper
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The primary source for energy generation, meeting the growing needs of industrialization and transportation, has been the oil and gas industry. However, the overuse of fossil fuels has led to severe environmental consequences. In response to this concern, the Paris Agreement was initiated, aiming for Net Zero emissions by 2050. As a result, companies have been actively searching for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels, with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) emerging as one of the most promising solutions. CCUS involves post-combustion carbon capture, pre-combustion, and oxyfuel combustion methods. Ongoing research is focused on evaluating the economic viability and optimization of CCUS projects, as well as exploring their potential in different geological formations. This research paper specifically examines the untapped potential of reutlizing abundant oil and gas wells for CCUS. The study presents a groundbreaking approach to sustainable resource utilization and conducts in-depth analyses of various CCUS methods. The paper also addresses the economic and technical challenges that arise during the transition from oil and gas extraction to CCUS, emphasizing the importance of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) practices and rigorous well testing. It provides a comprehensive understanding of potential hurdles and viable solutions, focusing on the efficient integration of CCUS technologies with existing infrastructure. The importance of purpose-driven strategies and compassionate leadership in the global context of CCUS is highlighted by this research. Empathetic leadership ensures that the shift from traditional extraction to CCUS goes more smoothly by acknowledging the human element of the process and looking out for the welfare of affected communities as well as the workforce. Purpose-driven strategies provide a holistic approach to sustainable resource utilization by coordinating industry goals with more general environmental objectives. When navigating the challenges of repurposing oil and gas wells for CCUS, policymakers and industry stakeholders can benefit greatly from this nuanced perspective. The research aims to contribute to the understanding of sustainable resource utilization and promote the adoption of CCUS as a significant component in fulfilling global climate targets. By amalgamating technical processes, environmental considerations, HSE standards, and well testing protocols, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers interested in the sustainable and innovative repurposing of abandoned hydrocarbon wells for CCUS.
Article
MSME is the backbone of the associate degree economy in generating employment opportunities. The aim of this study is to explore the reimbursement accomplished by the MSME industry by implementing three stage procedure of the Zero Defect Zero Effect (ZED). In Industrial Policy of Punjab launched in November 2017, Incentives to Industries have been linked to ZED Certification & for availing benefits a unit has to get itself certified to ZED within 3 years of the start of Production, failing which further incentives for next 4 years are held back. The results revealed that the implementation of ZED helps in enhancing the ecological balances and certifies them as a responsible manufacturer. ZED mark stamped on the products, leverages the trust and profit for organizational business. The idea here is that with a philosophy of zero effect zero defects, organizations can increase their profits by eliminating the cost of failure and increasing revenues.
Article
This study aimed to support researchers’ reflective analysis and to identify unexplored topics as possibilities for future research with practical importance about occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMSs). The paper investigates OHSMSs literature by assessing the development of the field and identifying evolution patterns and gaps. With a qualitative approach, this systematic review was developed with the adoption of bibliographic procedures and action research. The intervention instrument ProKnow-C, a structured process guided by the constructivist perspective, was used. 3,130 studies were analyzed. Based on the results, the paper identified prolific authors and the most studied economic sectors. The evolution of safety management systems goals is explained and the evolutionary movement of the systems is compared to Bititci´s. A literature map was illustrated to show the frequency that the aspects related to OHSMSs are being explored. It indicates that integrated systems and ergonomic aspects are the most discussed topics. Furthermore, there is a shortage of longitudinal studies. It is noteworthy to mention that ergonomic indicators are being introduced into OHSMSs and their correlation is a promising topic to be explored. The use of data science, artificial intelligence and machine learning has grown significantly and quickly and has contributed to the evolution of the area. We conclude that developing OHSMS by respecting the decision maker's knowledge throughout the process, incorporating ergonomic aspects and using AI methods is a challenge that will contribute to the advancement of OHSMSs.
Article
Background: Global awareness on Occupational Safety and Health management systems (OSHMSs) has been increasing exponentially with time over the years. Evidence on the public domain shows that there is still much skepticism and reluctance on implementing OSHMSs, particularly in the least developed and developing countries. The primary objective of the theoretical review was to analyze the available evidence of research gaps on OSHMSs implementation globally over the period 1970 to 2020. Methods: The review adopted a descriptive mixed methods design premised on its ability to provide a platform for data triangulation that is paramount in enhancing the authenticity of the review findings. Results: Many studies conducted on implementation of OSHMSs were bereft of examining the challenges of OSHMSs implementation. The review further exposed some OSHMSs implementation disparities existing between the developed and the developing world, hence a conclusion can be drawn that a 'one size fits all approach' to OSHMS implementation may not ideal for many workplaces. Conclusion: This review recommends contextualization of OSHMSs implementation taking into consideration other differing environmental factors. Ultimately, the review recommends propagation of further research that will exude the challenges associated with implementation of OSHMSs and their causal factors thereby providing the basis for establishment of problem driven solutions to increase uptake of OSHMSs at workplaces.
Article
In recent years, several major accidents, such as the US Macondo well blowout in 2010, Chinese Bohai Bay oil spills in 2011, Brazilian FPSO Cidade de São Mateus gas explosion in 2015 and Chinese Bohai oil field blowout & fire accident in 2021, have provoked a high awareness that an essential distinction exists between the major accident management and the occupational accident management in the offshore petroleum sector. Further, the urgent need for defining effective major accident indicators is confirmed for the purpose of identifying early warning signals before the major offshore accident occurs. Regrettably, to this day, the offshore petroleum sector has not reached a consensus on the theoretical foundation for the development of effective major accident indicators. This article presents a focused review on the extensive work of the development of major accident indicators in the offshore petroleum sector, including terminologies, assessment criteria for good indicators, development approaches, as well as an overview of current major accident indicators. Following the close scrutiny of this focused review, the strengths and weaknesses of different development approaches are compared. The progress, challenges, suitability and validity of the development of major accident indicators are discussed. On the basis of these insights, future works are suggested to develop effective major accident indicators to better engage on the emerging and complex challenges in preventing major offshore accidents.
Article
The accidental release of hazardous energy is one of the causes of construction site accidents. This risk is considerably increased during petrochemical plant construction because the project itself is complex in terms of process, equipment, and environment. In addition, a general construction safety barrier hardly isolates and controls site hazardous energy effectively. Thus, this study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor-based building information modeling (BIM) system, which can be regarded as a new smart barrier design method for hazardous energy in petrochemical construction. In this system, BIM is used to support the identification of on-site hazardous energy, whereas IoT is used to collect the location of on-site personnel in real time. A hazardous energy isolation rule is defined to enable the system to generate a smart barrier on the web terminal window, thereby ensuring the safety of on-site person. This system has been applied to a large-scale construction project in Sinopec for one year and accumulated substantial practical data, which supported the idea about the application of sensor and BIM technology in construction. The related effects of the system on hazardous energy management are also presented in this work.
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Asset management (AM) is the core business function of grid-based asset management organizations (GAMO). GAMO are looking for compliance with a new international AM standard (ISO 55 000). Currently, a limited perspective – consisting of New Public Management (NPM) and project management (PM) – provides meaning for the new AM standard. However, the limited perspective is not sufficient in aligning AM / GAMO with energy transition and environmental management successfully. The article is aiming at enabling the ISO AM standard to become a co-creational force in energy transition and environmental management. Based on professional engagement and substantial literature review the article employs ‚reflective practice' and causal loop diagrams to identify and elaborate issues of concern that need to be addressed by an enriched perspective on ISO AM: 1) organizational ‚line of sight' (complement key performance indicators with evidence-based causal relationships), 2) control of work (complement formal institutions with AM professionalism), 3) management accounting (advance decision support for the management of the capex/opex relationship), 4) transition modeling (advance agent-based models of AM), and 5) the sustainable management of the resource soil (assess the ecosystem services/disservices that arise from underground urban space use by GAMO during transition times).
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Supplier management is a key issue for many large industrial companies from both performance and sustainability viewpoints. In this study, a supplier audit system in a Finnish industrial cluster is examined. The cluster has created a supplier assessment procedure, and roughly 200 supplier HSEQ audits have taken place. The aim of this study is to analyse a sample of these audits to identify common improvement areas among supplier companies. Improvement suggestions taken from the audits are classified into five themes and 39 categories. The results paint a picture of the most common HSEQ improvement areas for suppliers.
Article
Efficient and reliable maintainability management is a basic element behind ensuring sustainable practices for offshore assets. A method for easily implementing offshore asset maintainability management is proposed and described in terms of the maintainability decision-making process based on data-mining technology. A dataset of historical logs from operational systems drawn from offshore oil and gas service firms that have adopted sustainable maintenance management information system practices, including 12 main systems and 91 auxiliary systems, is used to inform a case study describing maintainability management and the decision-making process. The method uses the optimal values from a multicore classification model that adopts a goal-oriented data mining decision-making approach. Based on maintenance feature attributes, fault duration, fault loss, and frequency of occurrence in maintenance management are the three most important predictors of decision objectives. The decision tree classification results also indicate that the total average maintainability of assets in the key assets component is 53.4%, and the total average maintainability of noncritical assets is 37.9%. The five most important characteristic events found during maintenance and configuration processes were flaws in the tubing for A-annulus communication, leakage in the closed position, external leakage, failure to close on demand, and hydraulic failures that cause safety loss. The results provide unique insights into how offshore enterprise operators can improve maintainability management and decision-making performance using a data-driven decision strategy perspective. Furthermore, it provides a solution for visual proactive maintenance management and decision making under a data-driven framework, making it easier to implement maintenance management and decision-making tasks.
Conference Paper
Supplier management is a key issue for many large industrial companies from both performance and sustainability viewpoints. In this study, a supplier audit system in a Finnish industrial cluster is examined. The cluster has created a supplier assessment procedure, and roughly 200 supplier HSEQ audits have taken place. The aim of this study is to analyse a sample of these audits to identify common improvement areas among supplier companies. Improvement suggestions taken from the audits are classified into five themes and 39 categories. The results paint a picture of the most common HSEQ improvement areas for suppliers.
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This research wanted to provide evidence that health and worker safety affects the competitiveness of companies and to identify the KPIs that influence the competitive results. For this, we choose to study the Brazilian slaughterhouse industry, which is characterized by an extensive and dangerous work. We identified 33 key performance indicators (KPI) of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) based on Norm 36 of the Ministry of Labor in Brazil. With the application of the Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) method we determined the values of Individual Competitiveness Rate (ICR) of each company and ranked them. For ranking and verification purposes we used Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which allowed the identification of relevant KPIs and to rank, identify, and visualize the differences in relative importance among them. The results show that the Global Competitiveness Rate (GCR) ideal for companies as provided by specialists is 3.48 (1 to 4 scale), and that only 10% of companies have ICR equal to or greater than the GCR pointed out as ideal by specialists. With this data, you can make the companies act in a more targeted way on the indicators, always looking to raise their ICR. The originality of this article is that, through the integration of MAUT and ANN, we can accelerate probabilistic calculations and through the information gain we can identify which KPIs have the most influence on competitiveness and therefore need special attention.
Article
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Background: Process units, due to performance conditions at high pressure and high temperatures, are prone to many health risks that can lead to adverse effects during work. In order to identify health hazards, assess their risks and make appropriate decisions to control the risk and improve the health of individuals in this regard, the assessment of health risks is of particular importance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess and prioritize health risks in a refinery. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a refinery in 2012. In this study, 14 important chemical substances were identified and analyzed. Excel analysis was used to analyze the data. To assess the health risks due to chemical exposure the methodology proposed by the Department of Health Care in University of Singapore was used. First, important chemicals were identified and then the degree of risk and degree of exposure to chemicals were calculated and finally the level of health risk due to exposure to chemicals was determined. Results: The results showed that from 14 identified cases, exposure to diglycol diamine had a risk level of 4.47 (very high), hydrogen sulfide a risk level of 3.87 (high level), and molybdenum and nickel base catalysts a health risk of 3.87 (high), all of which were in a range of unacceptable risk. Conclusion: In this study exposure to diglycol diamine, hydrogen sulfide, and molybdenum and nickel based catalysts was in the range of unacceptable risk. Using management and engineering controls such as personnel training, shortening the work shift of individuals, pre-recruitment and periodical examinations, designing a ventilation system, and the use of detectors and discovery equipment are recommended to reduce the level of risk.
Article
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General safety regulations need to follow a ‘one size fits all’ model, which may lead them to inadequately address challenges posed by different individual use scenarios. Hence, the regulatory requirements are best regarded as an essential minimum level of safety; further improvement essential. Discussed here is a model for developing an explosive precursor safety system. With the Singapore legal requirements for an explosive precursor as the minimum, the Deming Cycle for continuous improvement was used to develop a fully mature safety program, across two Plan-Do-Check-Act cycles that incorporated feedback and observation of continuous practice. © 2018 Division of Chemical Health and Safety of the American Chemical Society
Article
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A significant part of literature has shown that the adoption of Sustainability and Health-Safety management systems from organizations bears some substantial benefits since such systems (i) create a suitable frame for the sustainable development, implementation and review of the plans and/or processes, necessary to manage occupational health-safety (OHS) in their workplaces and (ii) imply innovative thinking and practices in fields of economics, policy-making, legislation, health and education. To this context, the paper targets at analysing current sustainability and OHSMSs in order to make these issues more comprehend, clear and functional for scholars and practitioners. Therefore, a literature survey has been conducted to map the territory by focusing on two interrelated tasks. The first one includes the presentation of the main International Management Systems (IMS) with focus on Sustainability and OHS (S_OHSMS) topics and the second task depicts a statistical analysis of the literature-review findings (for the years 2006–2017). In particular, the main purposes of the literature research were: (i) the description of key points of OHSMS and sustainability standards, (ii) the comparative analysis of their characteristics, taking into account several settled evaluation-criteria and (iii) the statistical analysis of the survey’s findings, while our study’s primary aim is the reinforcement of OHMSs’ application in any organization. The results evince, that the field of industry (with 28%) and also of the constructions (with 16%), concentrate the highest percentage of OHSMS use. In general, there were only few publications including OHSMSs (referred to various occupational fields) available in the scientific literature (during 2006–2017) but on the other hand, there was a gradually increasing scientific interest for these standards (especially during 2009–2012).
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A procedure is presented for assessing the quality of safety management. It is based on a set of questions concerning areas of relevance which have to be answered with value statements. Since such statements are vague, they are represented by fuzzy numbers. Hence they can be combined mathematically to judge the quality of management on the whole as well as that of the different areas considered. In this way weaknesses can be identified. The procedure was applied to a hazardous installation allowing a pertinent evaluation to be made within a tolerable amount of time. It is considered to have potential for replacing some of the safety analysis and auditing procedures currently in use.
Article
Occupational accidents are stochastic events. The moment of their occurrence cannot be predicted. However, their rate of occurrence may be reduced, albeit not to zero. Considerable effort has been invested into this objective. This led to decreasing numbers of accidents over the years, a tendency which seems, however, to have come to a standstill since approximately 1998. The potential of presently used methods like check lists or HAZOP-based approaches for evaluating and producing recommendations for reducing occupational hazards has apparently been exhausted. Hence, further improvement of the injury rates is expected only from the use of in-depth analysis methods. Therefore, fault tree analysis is applied to occupational safety. This leads to the formulation of the hazard base model and its representation by means of an occupational hazard tree. This tree serves as an example for the assessment of occupational hazards of work places and activities. The characteristic feature of the occupational hazard tree is the decomposition of the undesired event ‘injury’ into basic events. These are qualified verbally using the expressions ‘certain/permanently’, ‘impossible/never’, ‘probable/frequently’, ‘possible/occasionally’, ‘improbable/rarely’. The procedure is implemented in the program GAP (HazardAnalysisProgram), which enables one to generate and evaluate occupational hazard trees. A global verbal assessment of a workplace or an activity is then obtained. On its basis weaknesses of the occupational safety concept are identified, appropriate countermeasures are devised, they are prioritized and their efficiency is valuated. The procedure was successfully tested by analyzing two accidents and assessing a workplace at a major industrial firm.
Article
This paper presents an integrated quantitative risk assessment method for hazardous installations, taking into account management as well as technical design and producing risk level measures. The key components of the I-Risk methodology are the technical model, the management model and their interface. The technical model consists of developing a master logic diagram (MLD) delineating the major immediate causes of loss of containment (LOC) and associated quantitative models for assessing their frequency. The management model consists of the tasks, which must be carried out systematically in the primary business functions (such as operations, emergency operations, maintenance and modifications). A management audit quantifies the quality of these management tasks. The management–technical interface modifies certain parameters of the technical model on the basis of the quality of the safety management system of the specific installation. The methodology is exemplified through its application to the risk assessment of an ammonia storage facility. A detailed technical model simulating the response of the system to various initiating events is developed along with a detailed management model simulating the influence of the plant-specific management and organisational practices. The overall effect is quantified through the frequency of release of ammonia as a result of a loss of containment in a storage tank and in a pipeline.
Article
Monitoring performance is one of the issues that must be addressed by the safety management system (SMS), but operators usually disregard it. By the experience gained during inspections on the SMS in establishments covered by Seveso II Directive, the unit of the regional agency for environmental protection (ARPA Piemonte) specialized in technological risk control (UCRT) has developed a methodology to improve this monitoring. It combines incident investigation and analysis of performance indicators, allowing operators to measure the achievement of the objectives stated in the major accident prevention policy and to evaluate their adequacy. On the basis of data collected during the inspections on the SMS about incidental events (major accidents, accidents and near misses), a database was organized, showing the most critical elements of the SMS that operators should improve.
Article
‘Accidents recur,’ which is what Kletz [Kletz T. (1993). Lessons from disasters, how organisations have no memory and accidents recur. UK: Institution of Chemical Engineers] wrote in 1993. Indeed, despite all measures taken accidents may re-occur, but ‘disruptions’ in a process reoccur much more frequently. If a disruption occurs it may lead to an accident. If the same disruption reoccurs it is certainly suspect and should be considered as a potential precursor. In this paper, we concentrate on these disruptions and we will define them as precursors if they recur. Organizations somehow lack the ability to control such recurring disruptions that may escalate into serious accidents under certain circumstances. The presence of such precursors long before the occurrence of an accident raises doubts about how well organizations control safety.In this paper, the control mechanism inside organizations is examined, by means of several accident investigations. It will be shown that not only accidents recur, but also that disruptions recur in a period preceding the actual accident. The recurrence of these disruptions implies that the corresponding organizational control mechanism must be failing. Often, alternative circumstances prompt the escalation of such precursors and lead to actual accidents. It is demonstrated that the use of detailed accident information is of great importance for companies that are actually willing to prevent accidents through the elimination of disruptions preceding accidents.
Article
The present paper reports the results of a questionnaire-based survey of night train operators’ attitudes toward management, operating procedures, and other organisational issues that potentially impact on safety. Responses were collected from all of the operators of track maintenance trains servicing the Japanese high-speed railway (Shinkansen). Two versions of the questionnaire, the TMAQ (Train Management Attitudes Questionnaire), were developed based on Helmreich’s FMAQ (Flight MAQ) and its derivative, the SMAQ (Ship MAQ). The TMAQ and its progenitor seek to elicit respondents’ views of, and attitudes to, a range of safety related factors including morale, motivation, leadership and human relations in their organisation. To identify dimensions of safety culture as elicited through the TMAQ, a principal component analysis was applied to the questionnaire responses of the original TMAQ. The analysis yielded seven attitude factors, including morale and motivation. Of the seven factors, a close correlation was identified between the factor scores representing operators’ morale and motivation and the actual accident/incident rates for each of the five branches belonging to a single-track maintenance company. A branch that employed train operators having relatively higher morale and motivation exhibited a lower accident/incident rate. Furthermore, the very same correlation was also found for company based responses collected from all track maintenance companies working for the high-speed railway. In addition to the branch and company based comparisons for track maintenance train operators, we also compared attitude factors between different groups of operators (drivers and supervisors), and between two different periods surveyed in a two year interval. Finally, we examined differences in terms of attitude factors between track maintenance operators and seafarers surveyed by applying slightly different variants of the same generic form of questionnaire (Helmreich’s SMAQ). Based on these survey results, we discuss potential risk factors for accidents of track maintenance trains and some implications for improving railway safety.
Article
A methodology is described that enables to use safety management audit assessments and safety culture questionnaire results for estimating the reductions in the reliability of safety barriers in major hazard plants. The critical issue is the establishment of weight factors in combination with the anchoring of "good" safety management. A method is proposed to derive weight factors from statistical accident analysis in combination with a statistical analysis of safety management assessments at a representative sample of major hazard industries. A preliminary set of weight factors is presented with some examples of resulting reductions in reliability--this demonstration confirms that the set of weight factors needs further development.
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Directive 2003/105/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 16 December 2003 amending council directive 96/82/EC on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances
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Regulation (EC) No 761 allowing voluntary participation by organizations in a community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS)
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European Council, 2001. Regulation (EC) No 761/2001 of the European parliament and of the council of 19 March 2001 allowing voluntary participation by organizations in a community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS). Official J. Eur. Commun. L114, 1–29.
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