... Since 2005, the IT/BIS empirical literature has consistently documented the benefits of a Project manager's transformational leadership, with studies showing significant relationships between leaders' increased use of transformational leadership and numerous successful teams (e.g., increased project team creativity, flexibility, and performance) (de Oliveira et al., 2012;Gumusluoğlu & Ilsev, 2009;Purvanova & Bono, 2009) and organizational (e.g., growth, innovation, and profitability) outcomes (Goudarzvandchigini, 2011;Gumusluoğlu & Ilsev, 2009;Matzler et al., 2007). Moreover, transformational leadership practices significantly predicted successful IT/BIS project implementation in numerous studies (Agha et al., 2019;Iqbal et al., 2021;Shao & Müller, 2012), and transformational leadership has been shown to influence IT/BIS project implementation via influences on or interactions with numerous leader attributes (e.g., empathy, emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, motivation, and empowerment of others) (Ahmad et al., 2020;Doan et al., 2020;Fareed & Su, 2022;Rogo et al., 2020) and team factors (e.g., work-focused promotion, sense of team-building, teamwork) (Lai et al., 2018;Nauman et al., 2022;Zaman et al., 2020) to positively influence IT/BIS project implementation success. ...