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A geographic information system for fisheries management in American Samoa
Abstract
This study illustrates a geographic information system developed to effectively analyze and visualize temporal and spatial patterns of the longline fishery in the American Samoa's Exclusive Economic Zone. The pelagic and tuna fishery in American Samoa has historically been an important component of the traditional domestic fisheries and nation's economy. This paper presents an innovative way to utilize the geographic information associated with fisheries data. It also introduces the associated custom software component developed using Visual Basic for Applications and ArcObjects within the Environmental System Research Institute ARCGIS 8.3 software. The application provides a user-friendly analysis interface allowing for easy output production. It is extremely flexible and can be used for studies at multiple scales, locations and extents. Output spatial data are produced in the most widely used file formats. This allows easy data sharing and provides inputs for further analysis, for example in conjunction with environmental data like satellite derived sea surface temperature and ocean color. The main functions of the fishery GIS are catch and effort estimation and their variation in space and time, fishing vessel utilization, data quality control, and deriving information on the location of important economic and threatened species. Fishing pressure maps can be now developed based on spatial density of deployed hooks. Total catch and catch for selected species are analyzed and mapped using analogue techniques. Catch per unit of effort grids are produced as a ratio between hook density and catch density surfaces. Areas with high fishing pressure and changes in fishing pressure and catches within several time frames are spatially and temporally identified and presented as animations. The system can be quickly adapted to any fishery database where date, location and catch information are stored.
... It acknowledges there are at least two world views at hand, with professional researchers and local participants working toward a shared goal (Fals-Borda, 1987). Other studies have successfully used PAR and participatory modeling to incorporate FEK, primarily in the fisheries management literature (Close and Hall, 2006;Riolo, 2006;Schafer and Reis, 2008). To achieve full participation, the professional researcher/local participant relationship must be shifted, and framed as subject/subject, rather than the more traditional subject/object (Greenwood et al., 1993). ...
... We employed participatory modeling to produce spatial representations of FEK regarding habitat use by hawksbills within Bahía and EPR (Yearly et al., 2003;Close and Hall, 2006;Riolo, 2006). Participatory modeling uses individual mapping exercises to capture local expert knowledge, where resource users are considered technical experts (Yearly et al., 2003), as their lives and livelihoods revolve around marine resources, including hawksbill sea turtles (Liles et al., 2015a). ...
... In a recent review regarding incorporating social sciences in conservation, Bennett et al. (2017) note that when financial resources are limited, natural science budgets are often prioritized. However, our study and several others (Close and Hall, 2006;Fraser et al., 2006;Riolo, 2006;Schafer and Reis, 2008) demonstrate that much is to be gained for conservation science through social science methods, particularly when resources such as time and funding are limited. For example, the cost of interviews, including travel to and from the field sites and room and board for KRWS, was $4,046. ...
Using social science to integrate local knowledge into conservation science can provide unique insights to conservation challenges. Especially when baseline data of a vulnerable wildlife population are deficient, these methods can help fill critical data gaps. In this study, we integrate the principals from the trinity of voice (TOV) and participatory action research (PAR) to generate baseline data on in-water habitat use of critically endangered hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) and to build mutually beneficial relationships with local stakeholders near the hawksbill's two primary nesting grounds: mangrove estuaries in El Salvador and Nicaragua. Local stakeholders, in this study referred to as fishers, hold expert knowledge they have acquired both experientially and culturally. Using TOV to shape PAR, we invited stakeholders to use their fishers' ecological knowledge (FEK) to enhance conservation of this at-risk species. Our results demonstrate that in addition to using FEK to produce quantifiable data (e.g., turtle habitat use), there are four advantages to emphasizing voice throughout a PAR project: (1) provides locality-specific information, (2) enhances mutual learning and leadership, (3) incorporates local experience, knowledge, and creativity, and (4) encourages local participation and commitment to the conservation challenge.
... Los SIG aplicados al monitoreo y manejo de poblaciones marinas se han convertido en una herramienta generalizada y su uso se ha incrementado en los últimos años (Wang et al., 2003;Babcock et al., 2005;Morris y Ball, 2006;Riolo, 2006;Carrick y Ostendorf, 2007;Selvaraj et al ., 2007) . En las pesquerías marinas, los SIG y los SR se han utilizado inicialmente para incrementar la eficiencia de las pesquerías comerciales, mediante el uso de datos satelitales de temperatura y del color del océano para ubicar los cardúmenes de peces pelágicos (Riolo, 2006). ...
... Los SIG aplicados al monitoreo y manejo de poblaciones marinas se han convertido en una herramienta generalizada y su uso se ha incrementado en los últimos años (Wang et al., 2003;Babcock et al., 2005;Morris y Ball, 2006;Riolo, 2006;Carrick y Ostendorf, 2007;Selvaraj et al ., 2007) . En las pesquerías marinas, los SIG y los SR se han utilizado inicialmente para incrementar la eficiencia de las pesquerías comerciales, mediante el uso de datos satelitales de temperatura y del color del océano para ubicar los cardúmenes de peces pelágicos (Riolo, 2006). El uso explícito de SIG y de las herramientas espaciales asociadas al manejo de pesquerías ha tenido un lento desarrollo, debido a que el manejo se ha basado en una sola especie (Butler et al., 1986;Fisher y Rahel, 2004), sin considerar la variación en espacio y tiempo de la pesca disponible . ...
... 1998), la sardina y la anchoveta (Yánez et al., 1996) . Riolo (2006), en la Samoa Americana, usó un análisis espacial de la densidad para identificar esquemas espaciales y temporales de la disponibilidad de las poblaciones (especies de importancia económica y especies amenazadas), el esfuerzo pesquero y su desempeño . ...
RESUMEN El uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y de los Sensores Remotos (SR) se ha incrementado en el manejo de pesquerías marinas en los últimos años. Sin embargo, su aplicación ha sido muy poca en Colombia. Este artículo revisa brevemente el uso de herramientas espaciales en el manejo de las pesquerías marinas, retrospectiva y predictivamente. Se discuten casos de estudio de SR y SIG en la investigación pesquera y los retos a futuro de su potencial aplicación en las medidas de manejo de las pesquerías en Colombia. Recomendamos que, para progresar, la prioridad podría estar en el entrenamiento de los científicos pesqueros en SR y SIG, el incremento de la colaboración entre las instituciones, la colecta de datos estandarizados y el desarrollo de una plataforma común para compartir los datos. ABSTRACT Applications of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing in marine fisheries management and challenges for its development in Colombia. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques have been used increasingly for marine fisheries development and management over the last years. However, its applications continue to be scarce in Colombia. This paper briefly reviews use of spatial tools in marine fisheries management, both retrospectively and predictively. Case studies of RS and GIS in fisheries research in Colombia and challenges for future use for management measures are discussed. In order to harness the potential of GIS and RS tools in marine fisheries research and management, priority should be given for training fisheries scientists in RS and GIS, increasing collaboration among institutions, departments, standardize data collection, and development of a common platform for data sharing .
... Los SIG aplicados al monitoreo y manejo de poblaciones marinas se han convertido en una herramienta generalizada y su uso se ha incrementado en los últimos años (Wang et al., 2003;Babcock et al., 2005;Morris y Ball, 2006;Riolo, 2006;Carrick y Ostendorf, 2007;Selvaraj et al ., 2007) . En las pesquerías marinas, los SIG y los SR se han utilizado inicialmente para incrementar la eficiencia de las pesquerías comerciales, mediante el uso de datos satelitales de temperatura y del color del océano para ubicar los cardúmenes de peces pelágicos (Riolo, 2006). ...
... Los SIG aplicados al monitoreo y manejo de poblaciones marinas se han convertido en una herramienta generalizada y su uso se ha incrementado en los últimos años (Wang et al., 2003;Babcock et al., 2005;Morris y Ball, 2006;Riolo, 2006;Carrick y Ostendorf, 2007;Selvaraj et al ., 2007) . En las pesquerías marinas, los SIG y los SR se han utilizado inicialmente para incrementar la eficiencia de las pesquerías comerciales, mediante el uso de datos satelitales de temperatura y del color del océano para ubicar los cardúmenes de peces pelágicos (Riolo, 2006). El uso explícito de SIG y de las herramientas espaciales asociadas al manejo de pesquerías ha tenido un lento desarrollo, debido a que el manejo se ha basado en una sola especie (Butler et al., 1986;Fisher y Rahel, 2004), sin considerar la variación en espacio y tiempo de la pesca disponible . ...
... 1998), la sardina y la anchoveta (Yánez et al., 1996) . Riolo (2006), en la Samoa Americana, usó un análisis espacial de la densidad para identificar esquemas espaciales y temporales de la disponibilidad de las poblaciones (especies de importancia económica y especies amenazadas), el esfuerzo pesquero y su desempeño . ...
RESUMEN El uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y de los Sensores Remotos (SR) se ha incrementado en el manejo de pesquerías marinas en los últimos años. Sin embargo, su aplicación ha sido muy poca en Colombia. Este artículo revisa brevemente el uso de herramientas espaciales en el manejo de las pesquerías marinas, retrospectiva y predictivamente. Se discuten casos de estudio de SR y SIG en la investigación pesquera y los retos a futuro de su potencial aplicación en las medidas de manejo de las pesquerías en Colombia. Recomendamos que, para progresar, la prioridad podría estar en el entrenamiento de los científicos pesqueros en SR y SIG, el incremento de la colaboración entre las instituciones, la colecta de datos estandarizados y el desarrollo de una plataforma común para compartir los datos.
... Algumas dessas empresas foram criadas no Ceará, para a captura da lagosta. Nesse processo, surgia também um proletariado ligado à pesca e ao beneficiamento do pescado, em contraposição à pequena pesca artesanal, baseada no modelo de companha própria da pesca ibérica, de onde também se trouxe as "colônias de pescadores", modelo de organização dos pescadores introduzido por volta de 1922 e semelhante às guildas espanholas (DIEGUES, 1999, p. 362-263 et al. (2000), Riolo (2006), trabalharam com análise espacial para identificação e distribuição dos pontos de pesca. Valavanis (2002), Maury e Gascuel (1999) (2015, p. 194-195), a ideia de território sobre os oceanos e mares, é sem precedentes na história, embora que de maneira geral já ocorresse o compartilhamento dos mesmos. ...
... o ambiente necessário para a manutenção da pesca.Begossi (2008), traz o mapeamento e a divisão de pontos de pesca, especialmente nas áreas onde ocorrem conflitos com os arrastões na costa da Mata Atlântica. Hall e Close (2007) que com base no conhecimento tradicional da comunidade pesqueira das ilhas de Turks e Caicos para apoiar o plano de manejo.Riolo (2006) usou a análise espacial e de densidade para identificar esquemas espaciais e temporais de estoques de peixes. Valavanis(2002) desenvolveu um modelo SIG de condições de habitats necessários para pescaria de cefalópodes no Mediterrâneo oriental.Allee et al. (2000) apresentou um modelo em SIG de condições de habitats necessários para sobre ...
A pesca marítima é frequentemente caracterizada pela exploração insustentável dos recursos pesqueiros na maior parte do mundo. A forte demanda por frutos do mar favorece o crescimento da indústria pesqueira, que está constantemente pressionando seus próprios limites geográficos e os de suas capacidades técnicas, o que está causando conflitos com a exploração maciça de áreas de pesca até então ocupada por pescadores artesanais. A região amazônica transfronteiriça do norte do Brasil ilustra esse contexto, onde os pescadores artesanais do município de Oiapoque sofrem com a invasão de sua área por pescadores de diferentes regiões. Esta pesquisa visa uma melhor compreensão da pesca na costa atlântica da Amazônia, suas questões econômicas, sociais e ambientais. A tese aborda a dinâmica da pesca artesanal em Oiapoque, norte do estado do Amapá. Baseia-se no conceito de território, através das relações exercidas pelos pescadores, a cadeia produtiva, as formas de conflito para a área de pesca, as restrições impostas pela regulamentação geral com a presença de uma área protegida. A metodologia é qualitativa e quantitativa, consiste em observação direta, questionários, entrevistas e elaboração de mapas. O processamento de dados geográficos, obtidos a partir de sistemas a bordo de embarcações de pesca e levantamentos de campo permitiu a identificação de áreas de pesca na área marinha e sua partilha com conflitos entre os diferentes usuários. Os atores do conflito vêm de diferentes níveis (local, nacional e internacional) e se manifestam em diferentes intensidades da área de pesca. A pesquisa destaca muitas deficiências no sistema atual (políticas públicas, conformidade regulatória, avaliação de recursos e ecossistemas, etc.) para entender, monitorar e gerenciar de forma sustentável o recurso pesqueiro. Estas deficiências encorajam a exploração desordenada dos recursos pesqueiros, o que ameaça o futuro dos pescadores artesanais e da biodiversidade marinha. Os pescadores artesanais locais contam agora com uma aplicação mais justa e mais rigorosa dos regulamentos na área protegida, a fim de reservar o seu uso, evitando ao mesmo tempo a sobrepesca.
... Furthermore the merging of GIS tools with statistical analysis methods allows a powerful approach to understand and predict the variation of marine resources in spatial and temporal dimensions (Pierce et al., 2001). Several studies highlighted the importance of GIS-based analysis in fishery science (Meaden, 2009;Nishida et al., 2004Nishida et al., , 2007, covering several aspects such as fishing management (Palenzuela et al., 2004;Pierce et al., 2001;Jayasankar et al., 2013;Riolo, 2006), marine spatial planning (Dineshbabu et al., 2014), modelling of species-habitat relationship and their variability (Valavanis et al., 2004) and ecosystem approach to fisheries (Carocci et al., 2009). ...
... The usefulness of GIS in fishery studies has been already underlined by other authors as regards catch and effort analysis (Riolo, 2006), fisheries management planning (Close and Hall, 2006), modelling pelagic fish distribution (Saraux et al., 2014), relationship between fish distribution and environmental parameters (Kaschner et al., 2006). ...
The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used to support fishery analyses aimed to monitor the swordfish harpoon fishing and analyze temporal and spatial patterns of catch distribution, also in relation to the environmental parameter Sea Surface Temperature (SST). The study was carried out in an important reproductive area of the Mediterranean Sea, including the Strait of Messina and nearby areas (south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea and north-western Ionian sea). These locations also represent the unique fishing ground of the Italian swordfish harpoon fishery.
Fishery, environmental and biological data were collected between 2002 and 2011 from fishermen’s logbooks and by observations on-board of fishing vessels during swordfish harpoon fishing season (May to August). Data were organized into a database and structured on a geographical reference to allow a quantitative multi-parameter modelling through the GIS tools.
The application of GIS allowed a good visualisation of catch distribution patterns, underlining annual and monthly differences in resource availability to fishery. The analysis of GIS maps showed a change in swordfish behaviour, likely related to SST anomalies and, as a consequence, difference in catch and effort distribution patterns. These differences were more evident if fishes in pair were considered. GIS turned out an important and powerful tool to analyze fishing information; the production of georeferentiated maps helps scientist to an easier interpretation of data on large pelagic resources. The proposed GIS-based analysis can add new information on swordfish and help decision makers in the Mediterranean swordfish management.
http://authors.elsevier.com/a/1TOnw_3nFpMnu9
... This study first adopted broader uses of GIS methods, focusing particularly on exploring the spatial distribution of schizotypal personality scores across Sichuan province. Geographical information systems pertaining to schizotypal personality traits of Chinese male youth recruits were built using ArcGIS 8.3 software [43], with spatial distribution maps then being made using a spatial location interpolation technique. ...
... Parameter estimates were then performed via spatial interpolation using the ordinary kriging method, which was a common method used to infer values of a variable of interest at an unobserved location. Demographic and psychological test data were then extracted using the spatial analyst model using ArcGIS 8.3 software, by overlapping the vector county map of Sichuan on the raster maps [43]. ...
Schizotypal personality traits are associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, stating that schizotypal traits may represent a "prodrome" or other developmental precursor of schizophrenia. Genetic and environmental factors both play importanxt roles in the development of schizotypal traits. Different levels of schizotypal traits across regions may be indicative of similar differences in the incidence of schizophrenia.Aim: The present study identifying where in a given region, schizotypal personality traits are more or less level of schizotypal personality scores in Chinese male youth of Sichuan province. Not only for research purposes but also for the evaluation of new draft and allocation policy initiatives intended to aid recruitment of mental health employees.
Data from the Psychological Selection Systems for Chinese Recruits, a mental health screening system used in China, collected in 2011 (67,558 copies) were used to map spatial distribution of schizotypal personality traits using geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Correlation analyses were conducted to explore the effects of years of education and illiterate rate on schizotypal personality traits.
Maps for three schizotypal personality clinical scales (dissociative, Dit; neurotic, Net and sensitive, Set) showed similar geographical trends. The highest T scores were distributed mainly in the eastern and northern counties of Sichuan, with scores decreasing successively from east to west, with the eastern counties generally showing higher scores. Correlation analysis showed that t-scores of Set were negatively correlated with years of education, whereas t-scores of Net were negatively correlated with illiteracy rate.
Schizotypal personality traits in male youth showed specific geographical trends in Sichuan province, providing some evidence that kriging based on GIS can be used to geographically localize genetic and environmental factors associated with schizotypal personality traits. This approach could be used to help allocate public health resources to specific areas and could also have personnel selection applications.
... El tamaño de celda de 484 km 2 se consideró óptimo para representar visualmente los patrones espaciales de captura en el área de estudio, tomando en cuenta la resolución de los datos y el ajuste del modelo de regresión (Riolo, 2006). ...
Introducción:
En los ambientes marinos del Pacífico de Costa Rica, la actividad pesquera por la flota cerquera internacional es importante debido a su amplio alcance y fuerte impacto.
Objetivo:
Evaluar la distribución espacial de la captura de atún aleta amarilla y especies no objetivo por esa flota, y posibles correlaciones con variables ambientales y pesqueras.
Métodos:
Aplicamos estadísticas geoespaciales y modelos de regresión múltiple en datos de la Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical, del 2002 al 2011. Utilizamos una grilla del tamaño de la Zona Económica Exclusiva (ZEE) con 1 124 celdas de 22 x 22 km (unidad de análisis), para un total de 11 240 celdas-año.
Resultados:
El atún mediano (presumiblemente inmaduro en su mayoría), delfines, mantas y rayas fueron capturados mayormente dentro del Domo Térmico (noreste de la ZEE). Las más altas capturas de atún pequeño (inmaduro en su totalidad), tiburones, picudos, dorado, peto y diversas especies pequeñas, ocurrieron en el extremo sur. El atún grande (maduro) fue capturado especialmente en el centro de la ZEE, hacia el este del Área Marina de Manejo Montes Submarinos y el Parque Nacional Marino Isla del Coco. Los atunes, dorado, delfines, mantas y rayas mostraron gran fidelidad de sitio por asociación con variables geográficas y ambientales, a la vez que el atún pequeño estuvo asociado a lances sobre objetos flotantes y el atún grande a lances sobre delfines. La heterogeneidad de las especies no objetivo probablemente escondió la mayoría de las correlaciones.
Conclusiones:
La pesca está afectando los niveles tróficos más altos y es necesario un diseño de zonificación ajustado para proteger mejor el domo térmico y considerar la susceptibilidad al uso de redes de cerco.
... Através da integração espacial dos dados de captura monitorados, da temperatura da superfície do mar, da distribuição da salinidade, da concentração da clorofila, das áreas de atividade da frota pesqueira e dos dados de batimetria, eles identificaram não apenas a geodistribuição das espécies e as regiões de agregação, mas também zonearam áreas marinhas protegidas ou áreas de fechamento sazonal. O que pode vir a ser uma utilização viável de dados geoespacializados para o adequado manejo das pescarias, principalmente à exclusão de áreas consideradas habitats de importância ecológica dentro do Estuário da Lagoa dos Patos.Apesar da sua crescente utilização em recursos naturais, a aplicação de ferramentas geoespaciais à gestão de recursos marinhos e costeiros é mais complexa do que em sistemas terrestres(BABCOCK et al., 2005, ISAAK e HURBERT, 1997, JENTOFT e MCCAY, 1995, MARTIN, 2004RIOLO, 2006) devido, por exemplo, a complexidades associadas à variabilidade espaço-temporal; mobilidade dos recursos haliêuticos; diversidade de métodos e custos de amostragens de dados; instrumentos, escalas de tempo, periodicidade e precisão e frequência de amostragem(FORNÉS et al., 2003). Consequentemente, o uso da análise espacial e das técnicas de base de dados geoespacializados é mais frequente e sofisticado em ciências terrestres do que nas ciências marinhas(BABCOCK et al., 2005).ASWANI e LAUER (2006) usaram uma base de dados geoespacializados para incorporar conhecimento local indígena e dados de pesca artesanal com informações biofísicas na concepção de áreas marinhas protegidas na Oceania. ...
... Developing and managing fisheries for sustainability will require science, data and services tools as described in Fig. 4. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, (9), 11 and 16 (society) The multi-faceted sustainable blue economy plays an essential role in particularly supporting society through progress towards SDG 1 (no poverty), SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 3 (good health and well-being), and SDG 5 (gender equality) through the income derived from marine ecosystem services, open Ocean fisheries, small scale coastal fisheries, traditional medicines, and cultural heritage, including crafts. Ocean colour is an indicator for primary productivity (EOV) [67], to identify resource-rich areas for harvestable marine resources, areas of pollution and eutrophication, fish stock assessment, fisheries forecasting and integrated ecosystem modelling and management [73,96]. Ocean subsurface temperature, salinity, oxygen content, and Ocean pH are strongly linked to marine organisms and ecosystem function ( [76]; see also Fig. 4). ...
... This study not only helps in understanding the fishery and abundance of the species but also highlights the potentiality of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in supporting spatial and temporal analysis of the fishery data. Application and usefulness of GIS in fishery has been already underlined by other authors in regard to resource mapping and spatio-temporal analysis (Riolo, 2006;Close & Hall, 2006;Dineshbabu, Thomas & Radhakrishnan, 2012;Dineshbabu, Thomas & Rohit, 2014;Thomas, Dineshbabu & Sasikumar, 2014;Dineshbabu, Thomas & Shailaja, 2017). The analysis of fishery, abundance and distribution of the species with GIS tools is a powerful mean to understand the distribution of the species in south-eastern Arabian Sea which could be a precursor for the assessment of the stock in the region. ...
... Traditional surveillance systems such as patrol vessels and vigilance posts can be complemented and strengthened by either Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) 9 or Geographical Information Systems (GIS). 10 VMS and GIS are capable of detecting poachers from a distance [158][159][160][161]. Such advances minimize risks to people involved in monitoring activities, thereby increasing their willingness to participate in monitoring. ...
Emerging as an innovation for improving the management of overexploited fisheries around the world, rights-based fisheries management systems are being implemented in the form of either species-or area-based management. While there are numerous reviews on species-based management, there have been none on area-based management. To fill this gap, we undertake a critical review of the literature on area-based management systems known as "Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries" (or TURFs). Following an exhaustive search, seventy-nine peer-reviewed journal papers discussing the evolution, effectiveness, enforcement, and management context of TURFs were identified and selected. Review of these papers reveals that there is a growing interest in investigating the real-world effects of TURFs, both positive and negative. The variability in TURF performance appears to be due to design features, enforcement behavior of fishers, and specific contextual conditions, namely, biological fishery characteristics, socioeconomic aspects of fishers, and institutional arrangements. The bulk of the published research has focused on theoretical analysis and empirical evidence based on fishers' perception and experience. And there has been little research on enforcement issues or how design features and management contexts influence performance. This review emphasizes the need for rigorous empirical analyses of TURF effects, including assessment of the cost-effectiveness of different enforcement schemes and the effects of contextual conditions on TURF performance. Addressing current shortcomings in the literature could improve the design, implementation and performance of TURFs worldwide.
... This study not only helps in understanding the fishery and abundance of the species but also highlights the potentiality of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in supporting spatial and temporal analysis of the fishery data. Application and usefulness of GIS in fishery has been already underlined by other authors in regard to resource mapping and spatio-temporal analysis (Riolo, 2006;Close & Hall, 2006;Dineshbabu, Thomas & Radhakrishnan, 2012;Dineshbabu, Thomas & Rohit, 2014;Thomas, Dineshbabu & Sasikumar, 2014;Dineshbabu, Thomas & Shailaja, 2017). The analysis of fishery, abundance and distribution of the species with GIS tools is a powerful mean to understand the distribution of the species in south-eastern Arabian Sea which could be a precursor for the assessment of the stock in the region. ...
Investigations on distribution of species on a spatio-temporal scale has ecological and management significance. Study was carried out in one of the productive zones of south eastern Arabian sea on Lagocephalus inermis one of the emerging fishery resource from 2015 to 2017 in comparison with 2008. GIS tools was used to support fishery analysis, abundance and distribution of species. Average catch for 2015-17 period was 3456 t which showed twelve fold increase compared to 2008. Spatial and temporal analysis of the abundance of species showed a range from 7-277 kg/hr (Catch Per Hour) at a depth range of 20-100 m. Juveniles were observed more towards near shore area with aggregation in clayey region. Spatial indicators (spatial dispersion, directional dispersion and directional trend) were calculated by year. Spatial distribution value was highest in 2016 indicating a wider distribution of L. inermis, whereas this distribution was more compact in 2008. It was also observed that in 2008 the central tendency is located in the Southern-most part of the study area whereas during recent period shifted to the Northern side. Species associated with L. inermis were all mid-level carnivores similar to the species indicating a trophic cascading happening in the Arabian Sea.
... This study illustrates the use of GIS and spatial analysis techniques to aid the fisheries management system. GIS technology was recognized as a powerful tool to achieve this purpose in support of an informed management decision system [5]. Geographic information system technology is specifically designed to visualize, manipulate, manage, and analyse various reference data to determine relationships, linkages, patterns, and trends, which may not be directly proven by the existing data sources [6]. ...
Spatio-temporal analysis of yellow fin tuna fishing activity could give us new perception and perspective on studying this fisheries resource exploration. This study was carried out in Eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatera. Fishing data were collected between 2014 until 2018 from the hand line fishermen's daily logbooks accessed from Bungus fishing port. Data were organized into a database and structured on a geographical reference to allow GIS-Based analysis. We performed raster calculator analysis and spatial statistical analysis to understand spatiotemporal distribution behaviour and fishing activity also employed the generalized additive model to understand the habitat preferences. The result of GIS-based analysis shows the dynamics of catch, effort and catch per unit effort distribution patterns, underlining the annual differences of geographical distribution and fishing pattern. The most concentrated fishing activity monitored in 2014 while the more dispersed fishing activity monitored in 2017. The geographic orientation of spatial distribution monitored at range between 72.90 degrees until 176.15 degrees. GIS provide an important and powerful tool to analyse fishing information to help decision makers in the EIO off Sumatera on Tuna management.
... Many studies have utilized the GIS in fisheries science and fishing fleets monitoring in the management aspects (Pierce et al., 2002;Palenzuela et al., 2004;Riolo 2006;Jayaraman et al., 2013) including marine area and fisheries planning (Dineshbabu et al., 2014), modelling the relationship of environmental parameters and fish distribution (Lan et al., 2013;Lumban-Gaol et al., 2015;Lan et al., 2017;Nurdin et al., 2017). In this study, the GIS-based analysis focused on analysing the light fishing fleets density, the spatiotemporal distribution estimations, and the relationship between environmental parameters and the spatiotemporal distribution of light fishing fleets. ...
Studies on the spatiotemporal distribution monitoring of light fishing fleets are limited due to extensive study area, data availability, dynamic distributions, limited monitoring technology, and perception of the fishers. This study aims to monitor and estimate the density of light fishing fleets, representing the centre of fishing areas. Using the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite of boat detection data combined with actual fishing data, the pattern of spatiotemporal distribution of light fishing fleets was analysed, displayed with the variations in sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentrations. This study was carried out at west Sumatera waters. The actual fishing data, light fishing fleets data, and environment parameter data were collected in 2014-2018. The calculation of the geographical distribution was carried out using the geographical information system models with four spatial indicators, i.e., central tendency, spatial dispersion, directional dispersion, and directional trends. The results showed various patterns and behaviours on light fishing fleets spatial distribution. We also revealed the spatiotemporal pattern dynamic of the geographic distribution of light fishing fleets in the west Sumatera waters. The distribution pattern was random compared to the sea surface temperature distribution. On the other hand, it was quite centralized Nurholis, Jonson Lumban-Gaol and Fachrudin Syah Achmad 328 Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 28 (1): 327-351 (2020) following the chlorophyll-a concentration. The distribution of light fishing fleets was dominant in the area with high chlorophyll-a concentration.
... This study illustrates the use of GIS and spatial analysis techniques to aid the fisheries management system. GIS technology was recognized as a powerful tool to achieve this purpose in support of an informed management decision system [5]. Geographic information system technology is specifically designed to visualize, manipulate, manage, and analyse various reference data to determine relationships, linkages, patterns, and trends, which may not be directly proven by the existing data sources [6]. ...
Spatio-temporal analysis of yellow fin tuna fishing activity could give us new perception and perspective on studying this fisheries resource exploration. This study was carried out in Eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatera. Fishing data were collected between 2014 until 2018 from the hand line fishermen’s daily logbooks accessed from Bungus fishing port. Data were organized into a database and structured on a geographical reference to allow GIS-Based analysis. We performed raster calculator analysis and spatial statistical analysis to understand spatiotemporal distribution behaviour and fishing activity also employed the generalized additive model to understand the habitat preferences. The result of GIS-based analysis shows the dynamics of catch, effort and catch per unit effort distribution patterns, underlining the annual differences of geographical distribution and fishing pattern. The most concentrated fishing activity monitored in 2014 while the more dispersed fishing activity monitored in 2017. The geographic orientation of spatial distribution monitored at range between 72.90 degrees until 176.15 degrees. GIS provide an important and powerful tool to analyse fishing information to help decision makers in the EIO off Sumatera on Tuna management.
... Many studies have utilized the GIS in fisheries science and fishing fleets monitoring in the management aspects (Pierce et al., 2002;Palenzuela et al., 2004;Riolo 2006;Jayaraman et al., 2013) including marine area and fisheries planning (Dineshbabu et al., 2014), modelling the relationship of environmental parameters and fish distribution (Lan et al., 2013;Lumban-Gaol et al., 2015;Lan et al., 2017;Nurdin et al., 2017). In this study, the GIS-based analysis focused on analysing the light fishing fleets density, the spatiotemporal distribution estimations, and the relationship between environmental parameters and the spatiotemporal distribution of light fishing fleets. ...
Studies on the spatiotemporal distribution monitoring of light fishing fleets are limited due to extensive study area, data availability, dynamic distributions, limited monitoring technology, and perception of the fishers. This study aims to monitor and estimate the density of light fishing fleets, representing the centre of fishing areas. Using the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite of boat detection data combined with actual fishing data, the pattern of spatiotemporal distribution of light fishing fleets was analysed, displayed with the variations in sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentrations. This study was carried out at west Sumatera waters. The actual fishing data, light fishing fleets data, and environment parameter data were collected in 2014-2018. The calculation of the geographical distribution was carried out using the geographical information system models with four spatial indicators, i.e., central tendency, spatial dispersion, directional dispersion, and directional trends. The results showed various patterns and behaviours on light fishing fleets spatial distribution. We also revealed the spatiotemporal pattern dynamic of the geographic distribution of light fishing fleets in the west Sumatera waters. The distribution pattern was random compared to the sea surface temperature distribution. On the other hand, it was quite centralized Nurholis, Jonson Lumban-Gaol and Fachrudin Syah Achmad 328 Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 28 (1): 327-351 (2020) following the chlorophyll-a concentration. The distribution of light fishing fleets was dominant in the area with high chlorophyll-a concentration.
... Pelagis Kecil di Perairan Sumatera Barat Analisis sebaran spasial hasil tangkapan ikan menggunakan (Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) (Riolo, 2006). Ada dua komponen penting dalam menentukan sebaran spasial yaitu ukuran cell dan besaran radius yang dicakup oleh suatu titik. ...
The West Sumatera waters is one of the waters that has a huge potential for fish resources. Many fishing activities carried out near the coast, and fishing gear used in West Sumatra waters is a Bagan. This study aims to determine the relationships between sea surface temperature and Chl-a concentration with pelagic fish catches in West Sumatera waters. The data used were SST and Chl-a in the periode of 2014-2016. The variability of SST and Chl-a data was analyzed using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method. This study shows that the EOF SPL mode indicates that the overall value of SPL range is above the average (positive anomaly) with a total variance of 81.24%, while the Chl-a shows that the overall value of variability is at an average (negative anomaly) variance of 70.23%. The results of cross-correlation between SPL and pelagic fish have a lag time of 2.2 months, meaning that pelagic fish predates SST and predominantly occurs in a 6-month period. The relationship between Chl-a and pelagic fish was dominant in the 0.5 year period which showed a gap between Chl-a and pelagic fish catches with a lag time of 22 days. ABSTRAK Perairan Sumatera Barat merupakan salah satu perairan yang memiliki potensi sumberdaya ikan yang sangat besar. Aktivitas penangkapan ikan banyak dilakukan di dekat pantai dan alat tangkap yang digunakan untuk penangkapan ikan di perairan Sumatera Barat salah satunya adalah bagan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan suhu permukaan laut dan konsentrasi klorofil-a dengan hasil tangkapan ikan pelagis di perairan Sumatera Barat. Data yang digunakan berupa data SPL dan klorofil-a dalam kurun waktu tahun 2014-2016. Variabilitas SPL dan klorofil-a dianalisis menggunakan metode Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). Penelitian ini menunjukkan mode EOF SPL memperlihatkan bahwa keseluruhan nilai kisaran SPL berada diatas rata-rata (anomali positif) dengan ragam total sebesar 81,24%, sedangkan klorofil-a memperlihatkan bahwa nilai keseluruhan variabilitas berada pada rata-rata (anomali negatif) ragam total sebesar 70,23 %. Hasil korelasi silang antara SPL dengan ikan pelagis terdapat jeda waktu 2,2 bulan berarti ikan pelagis mendahului SPL dan dominan terjadi pada periode 6 bulanan. Hubungan antara klorofil-a dengan ikan pelagis dominan pada periode 0,5 tahun yang menunjukkan terdapat jeda antara klorofil-a dengan hasil tangkapan ikan pelagis dengan jeda waktu 22 hari. Kata kunci: daerah penangkapan, klorofil-a, suhu permukaan laut, variabilitas I. PENDAHULUAN Perairan Sumatera Barat merupakan salah satu perairan yang memiliki potensi sumberdaya pesisir dan lautan. Aktivitas penangkapan ikan banyak dilakukan di dekat pantai dan ikan yang banyak tertangkap pada perairan tersebut adalah ikan pelagis. Umumnya nelayan menentukan daerah penangkapan ikan (fishing ground) masih cenderung menggunakan metode tradisional, yaitu melihat tanda-tanda dari alam seperti
... Pelagis Kecil di Perairan Sumatera Barat Analisis sebaran spasial hasil tangkapan ikan menggunakan (Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) (Riolo, 2006). Ada dua komponen penting dalam menentukan sebaran spasial yaitu ukuran cell dan besaran radius yang dicakup oleh suatu titik. ...
Perairan Sumatera Barat merupakan salah satu perairan yang memiliki potensi sumberdaya ikan yang sangat besar. Aktivitas penangkapan ikan banyak dilakukan di dekat pantai dan alat tangkap yang digunakan untuk penangkapan ikan di perairan Sumatera Barat salah satunya adalah bagan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan suhu permukaan laut dan konsentrasi klorofil-a dengan hasil tangkapan ikan pelagis di perairan Sumatera Barat. Data yang digunakan berupa data SPL dan klorofil-a dalam kurun waktu tahun 2014 – 2016. Variabilitas SPL dan klorofil-a dianalisis menggunakan metode Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). Penelitian ini menunjukkan mode EOF SPL memperlihatkan bahwa keseluruhan nilai kisaran SPL berada diatas rata-rata (anomali positif) dengan ragam total sebesar 81,24%, sedangkan klorofil-a memperlihatkan bahwa nilai keseluruhan variabilitas berada pada rata-rata (anomali negatif) ragam total sebesar 70,23 %. Hasil korelasi silang antara SPL dengan ikan pelagis terdapat jeda waktu 2,2 bulan berarti ikan pelagis mendahului SPL dan dominan terjadi pada periode 6 bulanan. Hubungan antara klorofil-a dengan ikan pelagis dominan pada periode 0,5 tahun yang menunjukkan terdapat jeda antara klorofil-a dengan hasil tangkapan ikan pelagis dengan jeda waktu 22 hari.
... La funcionalidad del SIG para evaluar patrones de comportamiento de los recursos pesqueros y sus usuarios será mayor al tener mayor disponibilidad de datos (Meaden & Do Chi 1996, Gilliland & Laffoley 2008. No obstante, esta investigación presenta información útil para abordar nuevas líneas, identificar huecos en el conocimiento y al mismo tiempo que pueden servir como herramientas prácticas en la discusión de talleres y reuniones de manera coordinada entre los administradores y los usuarios de los recursos pesqueros (Riolo 2006), para definir planes y estrategias de manejo sobre la dinámica de la flota de escama ribereña y su manejo potencial en el litoral Veracruzano, hasta ahora poco estudiado. ...
La pesca ribereña o artesanal requiere la generación de conocimiento como soporte a la toma de decisiones en la administración de los recursos pesqueros para lograr su uso sustentable. En este sentido, la delimitación de áreas de aprovechamiento pesquero ha sido objeto de diversos estudios ya que se considera el primer paso para realizar esfuerzos de planificación y ordenamiento espacial marino, donde el uso de sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) y su aplicación influye en la comprensión del manejo de las pesquerías. Implementando el análisis espacial, el presente trabajo presenta una primera aproximación del comportamiento de la pesca ribereña del recurso escama marina que se realiza en el litoral Veracruzano, México, considerando el establecimiento de zonas de pesca y asentamiento de los sitios pesqueros, las localidades con mayor acopio del recurso en la región, la distribución del esfuerzo humano así como la profundidad y operación de las artes de pesca. Se revisaron los permisos de pesca comercial oficiales para embarcaciones menores, en campo se identificaron los principales centros de acopio; y mediante el uso de herramientas de análisis espacial se estableció un esquema de zonificación que dividió en 3 zonas de aprovechamiento pesquero al litoral Veracruzano. Integrando el conocimiento experto de pescadores locales, se contabilizaron un total de 164 sitios de captura distribuidos en diferentes estratos de profundidad, donde se implementan diversos sistemas de captura para la actividad pesquera. Se encontró que existen áreas de mayor aprovechamiento pesquero en el litoral y posibles zonas de conflicto social por las áreas de captura. Los resultados de este estudio pueden convertirse en una herramienta útil como soporte al proceso de toma de decisiones, para el diseño de esquemas de zonificación y para definir otras estrategias de manejo para los recursos pesqueros en el litoral Veracruzano.
... Beberapa penelitian terdahulu telah menggunakan pendekatan geostatistical, seperti spatial autocorrelation dan analisis kluster, serta spatial pattern pada beberapa spesies ekonomis penting untuk mendapatkan informasi distribusinya (Beseres and Feller, 2007;Nelson and Boots, 2008;Lewison et al., 2009). Beberapa contoh studi lain juga menggunakan pendekatan statistik untuk melakukan predictive modelling kelimpahan spesies tertentu (Valavanis et al., 2004;Gillenwater et al., 2006;Hattab et al., 2013), memonitor aktifitas kegiatan penangkapan untuk mengetahui pola tekanan sumberdaya perikanan ikan (Riolo, 2006;Nilsson and Ziegler, 2007;Batista et al., 2015;Maina et al., 2016), dan memetakan hotspot distribusi spesies ikan tertentu (Reese and Brodeur, 2006;Zainuddin et al., 2006;Bartolino et al., 2011;Li et al., 2014;Jalali et al., 2015). ...
p class="Paragraf"> Information on the spatial and temporal of fishing activity can optimize a fisheries management and increase their economical and biological benefit. For effective management and good understanding of fishing activities, information about fishing ground is crucial. In this study, we aimed to analyze the spatio-temporal of lift net fisheries in Kepulauan Seribu by analyzing their fishing season, investigating their hotspot of fishing ground using GIS-based hotspot model, and mapping the potential fishing ground of each target species. We found that anchovy and scad could be caught throughtout the year, while sardine and squid had high fishing season in west monsoon. Hotspot of fishing ground of lift net fisheries in Kepulauan Seribu waters generally was concentrated around Lancang Island and in southern part of Kotok Island. Potential fishing ground for sardines was located in around Lancang Island on west monsoon. Squids were highly distributed around Lancang Island in December to January and around Lancang and Rambut Islands in November. Anchovy and scad had more potential fishing ground in around Kepulauan Seribu waters.
Keywords : fishing ground , lift net, hotspot, fishing season </p
... Beberapa penelitian terdahulu telah menggunakan pendekatan geostatistical, seperti spatial autocorrelation dan analisis kluster, serta spatial pattern pada beberapa spesies ekonomis penting untuk mendapatkan informasi distribusinya (Beseres and Feller, 2007;Nelson and Boots, 2008;Lewison et al., 2009). Beberapa contoh studi lain juga menggunakan pendekatan statistik untuk melakukan predictive modelling kelimpahan spesies tertentu (Valavanis et al., 2004;Gillenwater et al., 2006;Hattab et al., 2013), memonitor aktifitas kegiatan penangkapan untuk mengetahui pola tekanan sumberdaya perikanan ikan (Riolo, 2006;Nilsson and Ziegler, 2007;Batista et al., 2015;Maina et al., 2016), dan memetakan hotspot distribusi spesies ikan tertentu (Reese and Brodeur, 2006;Zainuddin et al., 2006;Bartolino et al., 2011;Li et al., 2014;Jalali et al., 2015). ...
p class="Paragraf"> Information on the spatial and temporal of fishing activity can optimize a fisheries management and increase their economical and biological benefit. For effective management and good understanding of fishing activities, information about fishing ground is crucial. In this study, we aimed to analyze the spatio-temporal of lift net fisheries in Kepulauan Seribu by analyzing their fishing season, investigating their hotspot of fishing ground using GIS-based hotspot model, and mapping the potential fishing ground of each target species. We found that anchovy and scad could be caught throughtout the year, while sardine and squid had high fishing season in west monsoon. Hotspot of fishing ground of lift net fisheries in Kepulauan Seribu waters generally was concentrated around Lancang Island and in southern part of Kotok Island. Potential fishing ground for sardines was located in around Lancang Island on west monsoon. Squids were highly distributed around Lancang Island in December to January and around Lancang and Rambut Islands in November. Anchovy and scad had more potential fishing ground in around Kepulauan Seribu waters.
Keywords : fishing ground , lift net, hotspot, fishing season </p
... Traditional surveillance systems such as patrol vessels and vigilance posts can be complemented and strengthened by either Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) 9 or Geographical Information Systems (GIS). 10 VMS and GIS are capable of detecting poachers from a distance [158][159][160][161]. Such advances minimize risks to people involved in monitoring activities, thereby increasing their willingness to participate in monitoring. ...
Emerging as an innovation for improving the management of overexploited fisheries around the world, rights-based fisheries management systems are being implemented in the form of either species- or area-based management. While there are numerous reviews on species-based management, there have been none on area-based management. To fill this gap, we undertake a critical review of the literature on area-based management systems known as “Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries” (or TURFs). Following an exhaustive search, seventy-nine peer-reviewed journal papers discussing the evolution, effectiveness, enforcement, and management context of TURFs were identified and selected. Review of these papers reveals that there is a growing interest in investigating the real-world effects of TURFs, both positive and negative. The variability in TURF performance appears to be due to design features, enforcement behavior of fishers, and specific contextual conditions, namely, biological fishery characteristics, socio-economic aspects of fishers, and institutional arrangements. The bulk of the published research has focused on theoretical analysis and empirical evidence based on fishers’ perception and experience. And there has been little research on enforcement issues or how design features and management contexts influence performance. This review emphasizes the need for rigorous empirical analyses of TURF effects, including assessment of the cost-effectiveness of different enforcement schemes and the effects of contextual conditions on TURF performance. Addressing current shortcomings in the literature could improve the design, implementation and performance of TURFs worldwide.
... Due to their diversity in the body sizes and shapes, and life histories, multi-species assemblages are necessarily exploited by a range of fishing gears [3], [7]. Planning and management at the catchment scale are "spatially-explicit exercises" which require pertinent fisheries (and related) policies to be location specific [8], [9]. However, that require clear understanding of how a targeted assemblage varies spatially. ...
Inland fisheries, especially those in flood pulse systems, are key livelihood resources for riparian communities. Therefore, management of these is fundamental for ensuring that the resources are utilized sustainably for future generations. GIS applications are a novel approach for floodplain fisheries management, especially in the Okavango Delta. This approach facilitates the modelling of spatially varying relationships between fishery and related environmental factors. Spatial analysis of fisheries data allows for identification of locations of concern that might require immediate management intervention. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was used to further elucidate some of the patterns in fish productivity across the Delta as a function of environmental variability. Results revealed spatial variability in fish relative biomass where panhandle habitats were less productive than lower delta areas.
... In coastal fisheries, Riolo [17] developed an innovative fishery GIS to analyze and visualize temporal and spatial patterns of the longline fishery in the American Samoa. In China, fishing efficiency and sustainable fisheries development in the South China Sea [18] were improved via a fisheries information dynamic collection and real-time automatic analysis system. ...
Increasing coastal space resource utilization (CSRU) activities and their impact on coastal environments has been recognized as a critical coastal zone stressor. Consequently, the need for sustainable and valid CSRU management has been highlighted. In this study, a highly-intelligent prototype decision-aided system for CSRU was developed. In contrast with existing coastal decision-aided systems, this system is aimed at the management of CSRU, providing reliable and dynamic numerical simulation, analysis, and aided decision making for real coastal engineering based on a self-developed fully automatic numerical program. It was established on multi-tier distributed architecture based on Java EE. The most efficient strategies for spatial data organization, automatic coastal numerical programs, and impact assessment modules are demonstrated. In addition, its integrated construction involving the addition of a new coastal project on the webpage, its one-click numerical prediction of coastal environmental impacts, assessments based on numerical results, and its aided decision-making capabilities are addressed. The system was applied to Ningbo Sea, China, establishing the Ningbo CSRU Decision Support System. Two projects were demonstrated: one reclamation project and one land-based outlet planning case. Results indicated that these projects had detrimental effects on local coastal environments. Therefore, the approvals of these projects were not recommended.
... seasonal) and spatial patterns of exploitation among target species [16][17][18]. Examples of such research include predictive modeling of species abundance [19,20], determining locations of biological hotspots and productive areas [21,22], and monitoring fishing fleet activity to identify patterns in fishing pressure [23,24]. The availability of GPSenabled data loggers and their integration with geo-statistical approaches has the potential to provide new avenues for investigating patterns in productivity at hotspots identified across important fishing zones. ...
Assessing patterns of fisheries activity at a scale related to resource exploitation has received particular attention in recent times. However, acquiring data about the distribution and spatiotemporal allocation of catch and fishing effort in small scale benthic fisheries remains challenging. Here, we used GIS-based spatio-statistical models to investigate the footprint of commercial diving events on blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) stocks along the south-west coast of Victoria, Australia from 2008 to 2011. Using abalone catch data matched with GPS location we found catch per unit of fishing effort (CPUE) was not uniformly spatially and temporally distributed across the study area. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis revealed significant spatiotemporal clusters of CPUE (with distance thresholds of 100's of meters) among years, indicating the presence of CPUE hotspots focused on specific reefs. Cumulative hotspot maps indicated that certain reef complexes were consistently targeted across years but with varying intensity, however often a relatively small proportion of the full reef extent was targeted. Integrating CPUE with remotely-sensed light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derived bathymetry data using generalized additive mixed model corroborated that fishing pressure primarily coincided with shallow, rugose and complex components of reef structures. This study demonstrates that a geospatial approach is efficient in detecting patterns and trends in commercial fishing effort and its association with seafloor characteristics.
... The first step to manage multiple-use areas is to identify all multiple-sector uses and conflicts to than incorporate the marine spatial planning (MSP) process. MSP is helpful in meeting this requirement, since the planning process can identify and assist coastal conflicts, the interaction of human activities, and their cumulative impacts, and has been applied with high priority, especially to conflicts among multiple users [2,4,9,13,24]. MSP integrates the spatial features of marine and social systems, and can be used to analyze and integrate aspects of ecology (natural resources) and socio-economics (human uses) to determine efficient strategies for sustainable development and allocate marine resource users through a political process that improves long-term decision making [2,4,12,25]. ...
Marine spatial planning (MSP) is essential to solve spatial multiple-use problems, but first it is necessary to identify and map all existing uses, regulations and conflicts. Use conflicts related to the multi-legislative governance, neglect of fishermen's interests, and intensifying industrial growth due to economic development were identified for in a multiple-use Brazilian estuary. Overlaps between areas that are presently used for fishing and areas that are subject to regulations prohibiting this activity were analyzed. Information on regulations establishing no-fishing zones, the most important fishing sites and fishing records were gathered and superimposed using a GIS dataset. Main fishing zones were located within prohibited fishing areas. Regulations limiting fishing activity govern navigation routes and pipeline safety zone, whereas environmental law restrictions were less important. Due to economic and industrial development, oil and gas distribution and harbor construction projects are increasing, aggravating use conflicts and jeopardizing fishing activity. Legislation fragments usable fishing areas forcing fishers to operate within prohibited zones. Neglect of fishermen's interests, and their exclusion on the decision-making process led to a legislative scenario that reduce fishing legal zone to few areas, which in most cases fisherman are not even aware were they are, beingthe main reasons for fisher's failure to comply with the current regulations, increasing the number of infractions and the marginalization of fishermen. Future studies on multiple-use coastal areas subject to multiple jurisdictions should focus on all uses, not only environmental, to better understand spatial conflicts and to establish a realistic MSP embracing fisheries management, environmental conservation and economic development.
... For fishery managers, it is essential that all the information related to a given resource is presented succinctly and precisely in an easily understood format (CADDY; GARCIA, 1986). The spatial dimension is important for both the development and the planning of fishery resource exploitation (MEADEN, CHI, 1996;GRAAF et al., 2003;RIOLO, 2006). ...
A distribuição espacial do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967) foi estudada a partir de dados oriundos da pesca industrial, os quais foram associados às características geológicas e oceanográficas dos ambientes bentônicos da plataforma continental do Amazonas. A partir do uso de um sistema de informações geográficas (SIG), este trabalho teve como objetivo calcular a abundância relativa do camarão rosa baseada na captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE) e compará-la com dados batimétricos, tipo de estrutura sedimentar, taxa de sedimentação e salinidade de fundo. Como resultado, nós podemos afirmar que a abundância relativa (em CPUE) não está uniformemente distribuída. A análise espacial indica que o esforço do arrasto da pesca industrial foi realizado na região frontal do delta submerso (foreset) do Amazonas, entre 40 e 60 m de profundidade. Nesta região, os camarões são responsáveis pela bioturbação dos sedimentos e geração de uma estrutura sedimentar chamada lama mosqueada. Na região do foreset, as taxas de sedimentação foram de até 10 cm/yr; o processo de ressuspensão foi reduzido e a salinidade de fundo mostrou-se alta (~ 36). Parece que todos estes fatores definem uma área estável de lama com intensa bioturbação. Esta notável atividade biológica é explicada pela ocorrência de alta abundância de F. subtilis que parece ter sido originada pela alça microbiana. A partir da combinação de dados pesqueiros com dados ambientais em um SIG, é possível identificar um padrão de distribuição de abundância do camarão rosa e outros recursos pesqueiros de importância econômica, assim como compreender como eles variam espacialmente.
... seasonal) and spatial patterns of exploitation among target species [16][17][18]. Examples of such research include predictive modeling of species abundance [19,20], determining locations of biological hotspots and productive areas [21,22], and monitoring fishing fleet activity to identify patterns in fishing pressure [23,24]. The availability of GPSenabled data loggers and their integration with geo-statistical approaches has the potential to provide new avenues for investigating patterns in productivity at hotspots identified across important fishing zones. ...
Assessing patterns of fisheries activity at a scale related to resource exploitation has received a particular attention in recent times. . However, acquiring data about the distribution and spatiotemporal allocation of catch and fishing effort in small scale benthic fisheries remains challenging.. Here, we used GIS-based spatio-statistical models to investigate the footprint of commercial diving events on blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) stocks along the south-west coast of Victoria, Australia from 2008 to 2011. Using abalone catch data matched with GPS location we found catch per unit of fishing effort (CPUE) was not uniformly distributed across three major fishing subzones. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis revealed significant spatiotemporal clusters of CPUE (with distance thresholds of 100’s of meters) among years, indicating the presence of CPUE hotspots focused on specific reef areas. Cumulative hotspot maps indicated that certain reef complexes were consistently targeted across years but with varying intensity. Integrating CPUE with remotely sensed light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derived bathymetry data using generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) corroborated that fishing pressure primarily coincided with shallow rugose and complex reef structures. This study demonstrates that a geospatial approach is efficient in detecting patterns and trends in commercial fishing effort and its association with seafloor characteristics.
... En el caso del buceo con BH se utilizó el tiempo efectivo de pesca por viaje como la unidad de esfuerzo que mejor explicó la variación de las capturas de pulpo. Con el fin de conocer si la dinámica de la distribución e intensidad de estas unidades de esfuerzo cambia en la escala espacial en contraste con la temporada de pesca, se siguió el procedimiento sugerido por Riolo (2006) en el cual se generan superficies de densidad mediante la función de densidad de kernel. Para el BL la densidad se expresó como el número de buzos por km² y para el caso de BH el número de horas de buceo por km². ...
Artisanal diving fisheries are a source of income, employment and food security of coastal areas in many countries. Understanding the dynamics of these fisheries, including the spatial and temporal dynamics of fishing effort, gears and species can help to address the challenges involved in fisheries management. We aimed to analyze the differences in fishing strategies undertaken by fishers that use two different diving methods (hookah and free diving), the conditions and their potential impacts on catches when adjustments to those strategies are applied over time. For this, detailed information of fishing operations from artisanal boats in the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica was analyzed in two fishing seasons (2007-2008 and 2011-2012). Data were collected by onboard observers (fishing site, fishing time, species composition, depth and visibility). Additionally, interviews with divers were applied to obtain information of price per species, species volume and fishing operations. From the total number of trips during both seasons, hookah diving was represented by a sample size of 69.3%, while free diving, with a sample of 41.9%. More than 15 species were identified in each fishing season. Nevertheless, three categories had substantial contributions in both seasons with differences in the proportions for each case: green lobster (Panulirus gracilis), octopus (Octopus sp.) and parrotfish (Scarus perrico and S. ghobban). It is worth noting that an important proportion of catch was retained by fishers for personal consumption purposes, including species of high commercial value. Additional night diving activity, increased the number of dives from one season to another. Besides, cooperation processes in free diving fishing operations, and changes in fishing effort between seasons, defined important changes in fishing strategies. Potential causes of changes in fishing strategies and the implications for management to ensure the sustainability of these fisheries in the long term are discussed.
... En el caso del buceo con BH se utilizó el tiempo efectivo de pesca por viaje como la unidad de esfuerzo que mejor explicó la variación de las capturas de pulpo. Con el fin de conocer si la dinámica de la distribución e intensidad de estas unidades de esfuerzo cambia en la escala espacial en contraste con la temporada de pesca, se siguió el procedimiento sugerido por Riolo (2006) en el cual se generan superficies de densidad mediante la función de densidad de kernel. Para el BL la densidad se expresó como el número de buzos por km² y para el caso de BH el número de horas de buceo por km². ...
Artisanal diving fisheries are a source of
income, employment and food security of coastal areas in many countries. Understanding the dynamics of these
fisheries, including the spatial and temporal dynamics of fishing effort, gears and species can help to address the
challenges involved in fisheries management. We aimed to analyze the differences in fishing strategies under-
taken by fishers that use two different diving methods (hookah and free diving), the conditions and their potential
impacts on catches when adjustments to those strategies are applied over time. For this, detailed information
of fishing operations from artisanal boats in the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica was analyzed in two fishing
seasons (2007-2008 and 2011-2012). Data were collected by onboard observers (fishing site, fishing time, spe-
cies composition, depth and visibility). Additionally, interviews with divers were applied to obtain information
of price per species, species volume and fishing operations. From the total number of trips during both seasons,
hookah diving was represented by a sample size of 69.3%, while free diving, with a sample of 41.9%. More than
15 species were identified in each fishing season. Nevertheless, three categories had substantial contributions
in both seasons with differences in the proportions for each case: green lobster (Panulirus gracilis), octopus
(Octopus sp.) and parrotfish (Scarus perrico and S. ghobban). It is worth noting that an important proportion of
catch was retained by fishers for personal consumption purposes, including species of high commercial value.
Additional night diving activity, increased the number of dives from one season to another. Besides, cooperation
processes in free diving fishing operations, and changes in fishing effort between seasons, defined important
changes in fishing strategies. Potential causes of changes in fishing strategies and the implications for manage-
ment to ensure the sustainability of these fisheries in the long term are discussed.
... Density surface plots of CPUE for dominant species by fishery were calculated as described by Scott-Denton et al. (2011), and based on number of fish kept per 1,000 hookhours. The plots were created using Fishery Analyst 8,9 ; an ArcGIS extension developed to graphically present temporal and spatial trends in fishery statistics (Riolo, 2006 To identify CPUE trends for frequently captured species by each gear type, a local spatial statistic, the Getis-Ord Gi* (Gi*), was calculated using the Hot Spot Analysis tool in ArcGIS 10 , to locate clusters of features with similarly high or low values (Scott-Denton et al., 2011). The Gi* statistic was also calculated for all discarded and kept species in order to evaluate if geographical regions of particularly high levels of bycatch occurred. ...
... A density surface of CPUE, based on number of fish kept per 1,000 hookhours for dominant species by fishery, was created using Fishery Analyst. 13,14 This is an ArcGIS extension developed to graphically present temporal and spatial trends in fishery statistics (Riolo, 2006). A search radius of 25 km was used to ensure the search parameter encompassed the maximum length of a fishing set. ...
In July 2006, a mandatory observer program was implemented to characterize the commercial reef fish fishery operating in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The primary gear types assessed included bottom longline and vertical line (bandit and handline). A total of 73,205 fish (183 taxa) were observed in the longline fishery. Most (66%) were red grouper, Epinephelus morio, and yellowedge grouper, E. flavolimbatus. In the vertical line fishery, 89,015 fish (178 taxa) were observed of which most (60%) were red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, and vermilion snapper, Rhomboplites aurorubens. Based on surface observations of discarded under-sized target and unwanted species, the majority of fish were released alive; minimum assumed mortality was 23% for the vertical line and 24% for the bottom longline fishery. Of the individuals released alive in the longline fishery, 42% had visual signs of barotrauma stress (air bladder expansion/and or eyes protruding). In the vertical line fishery, 35% of the fish were released in a stressed state. Red grouper and red snapper size composition by depth and gear type were determined. Catch-per-unit-effort for dominant species in both fisheries, illustrated spatial differences in distribution between the eastern and western Gulf. Hot Spot Analyses for red grouper and red snapper identified areas with significant clustering of high or low CPUE values.
... Forecasting location and spatial characteristics of resources are important for conservation and profit optimization (Stoner et al., 2001). GIS in marine fisheries (coupled with remote sensing) has been primarily used to increase efficiency of commercial fisheries (Riolo, 2006) by providing satellite data such as temperature and ocean colour to locate pelagic fish stocks. However, majority of today's problems in fishery resources are in spatial domain due to overexploitation of specific fishing grounds, habitat loss and exploitation of small and medium sized fishes. ...
This study illustrates a Geographic Information System (GIS) developed to analyze and visualize spatio-temporal patterns of demersal fish distribution in the northwest coast of India, extending between 17 0 45' and 23 0 00' N. Main functions of this GIS are catch and effort estimation and visualisation of their spatio-temporal variation. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of threadfin breams (Nemipterus spp.), carangids (Decapterus spp.), lizardfish (Saurida spp.), catfish (Tachysurus spp.) and dhoma (Johnius spp. and Otolithes spp.) were mapped seasonally by pooling data from the year 1997 to 2000. Maps displaying CPUE distribution were produced for three seasons; pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon. Spatial maps indicated occurrence of these five species predominantly in deeper waters of the Gujarat coast. GIS is found to be useful in visualizing spatial and temporal distribution and abundance pattern of these key species.
... Los resultados aquí presentados pueden ser limitados por la insuficiencia de datos espaciales para conformar un SIG estructurado, pero generaron información útil para abordar nuevas líneas, identificar huecos en el conocimiento, al mismo tiempo que pueden servir como herramientas prácticas en la discusión de talleres y reuniones entre los administradores y los usuarios de los recursos al buscar un lenguaje común para definir planes y estrategias de manejo de los recursos pesqueros de manera coordinada (Riolo 2006). ...
A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to obtain a general profile of the fisheries in the state of Yucatan in a spatialtemporal context, in order to identify the main components of the fisheries system and the conditions under which fishing activities take place in the region. Fishing represents an important social and economic contribution in this region as thousands of fishermen and their families depend on it. The GIS generated maps that indicate the composition of species, the areas where the fleet operates, and the distribution of the fishery infrastructure and fishery population organised by port. The maps were associated with their metadata, which helped to describe the source of the spatial data and facilitated the classification of the generated information. Results show that the major catches were concentrated in eight fishing ports, and consisted mainly of octopus, grouper, snapper and lobster. A concentration of reception centers, freezers and ice plants was observed in 37.5 % of the analysed ports. The distribution of the population of fishermen was heterogeneous throughout the area. The fishery production presented a decrease in the main resources, in this case grouper and octopus. The use of GIS made it possible to use heterogeneous data bases, to optimise data storage in order to generate dynamic information, and to easily and practically organise the generated information. Analyses of fisheries using GISs will facilitate communication among researchers, managers, fishermen and other resource users by providing access to the integrated knowledge and tools for decision making.
... Identificação de Habitats Essenciais de Peixes (HEP) Allee et al. (2000) e Rosenberg et al. (2000) criaram um modelo SIG de habitats essenciais de peixes e Indices Apropriados de Habitats (IAH) integrando informação satelital (TSM e clorofila) dados de desembarque 2) Distribuição de habitats e recursos-alvo das pescarias Riolo (2006) na Salmoa Americana utilizou a análise espacial da densidade para identificar esquemas espaciais e temporais da disponibilidade de estoques, o esforço de pesca, utilização de embarcações e obtenção da informação sobre a pescaria para localização de espécies de importância econômica e ameaçadas. Estudos de dinâmica de populações com auxilio de SIGs para apoiar decisões de manejo Valavanis et al. (2002Valavanis et al. ( , 2004) desenvolveram a aplicaram modelos SIGs para habitats essenciais em pescarias de cefalópodos no mediterrâneo oriental; Maury & Gascuel (1999) Tais exemplos enfatizam as vantagens de investigar recursos pesqueiros no âmbito de SIGP (Sistemas integrados de Geoinformação Pesqueira). ...
The proposal of the present study is to spatial represent of fishing information (total captures) registered in the principal official points of official landing control in the municipal districts of the state of Pará that integrate the coast Brazilian north in the period of 1994-2004. The landing information analyzed in the present study they were recovered of the reports of Production of marine fish and estuarine of the State of Pará published in the bulletins of Center of Researches of the North (CPNOR-IBAMA). The geographical interface adopted in the present study he based on the construction and functioning of a geographical information system, also denominated of SIG (Geographical Information System). In this case, the representation procedures and mapping of the landing data they were developed on the ARCGIS 9.3 software. The cartographic aspect of the project was defined with geographical coordinates (degrees, minutes and seconds), DATUM SAD69. Two important aspects can be outstanding in the geographical representation of the total captures registered officially in the Amazon north coast: 1. geographical bedding of the landing data volumes (capture); 2. geographical and temporal oscillations in the period of 10 years, with emphasis to the decline of the municipal district of Bragança. The factors of the construction of this geographical scenery can be justified for several factors, among which he stands out the mobility among the areas of landing of the fleet induced by economical induced by economical attributes. Of any it sorts things out, the analysis of fishing data as geoinformation in SIGs portrays the geographical bedding of the captures clearly, and it registers an expressive decline in the volumes of landing of the municipal district of Bragança and crescent highlights for the municipal district of Vigia.
... In addition to providing much needed data, the incorporation of LK in a participatory and transparent manner can result in the integration of fishers and their perceptions into a management and planning process, helping to develop a sense of ownership and representation while giving voice to locals in the process (Johannes 1978;Smith and Berkes 1991;Johannes 1993;Berkes et al. 2001;Obura et al. 2002). The inclusion of LK can be enhanced through the use of geospatial tools such as geographic information systems (GIS) (Anuchiracheeva et al. 2003;Close and Hall 2006;Riolo 2006). Integrating LK into GIS in support of place-based planning can help coordinate and plan fishers' future activities and potentially reduce cost of fishing effort and over-harvesting . ...
Recurrent crises due to overexploitation of fishery resources have been among the biggest natural resource management failures of the 20th century. This problem has both biological and socio-political elements and understanding of human dimensions represents a key step toward the formulation of sound management guidelines for natural resources. One of the strategies proposed to understand human dimensions is through the use of local knowledge. Integrating local peoples' knowledge with scientific research and data analysis, could aid in the design of fisheries management strategies in a cost-effective and participatory way. I introduce an approach to incorporating fishers' local knowledge at a large, regional scale. I focused on the spatial and temporal distribution of fishing activities from 17 communities in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico. Participatory mapping (maps produced by local fishers) through a rapid appraisal (survey methodology) were used to identify the spatial and temporal dimensions of fishing activities. A geographic information system was used to generate 764 map layers used for a preliminary analysis of rapid-appraisal spatial data. Post-survey workshops with fishers were organized to facilitate an internal validation of spatial information using geographic information system software. We characterized the information based on fishing communities, fishing methods, target species and spawning sites. We also applied spatial analysis techniques to understand the relative importance and use of fishing grounds, fishing seasons and the influence that fishing communities have over the region. This dissertation addressed the problem of integrating the human dimensions of small-scale fisheries using geospatial tools and local knowledge (LK) -- data collection, integration, internal validation, analysis and access -- into a multidisciplinary research to support decision making in natural resource planning for small-scale fisheries management and conservation in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico.
... Applications of GIS in marine ecosystems have focused mainly on mapping the distribution and abundance of fisheries resources and relating these patterns to habitat features in surface waters or on the ocean bottom ( Fisher and Rahel, 2004;Meaden and Do Chi, 1996;Nishida et al., 2001Nishida et al., , 2004Nishida et al., , 2007Valavanis, 2002Valavanis, , 2008Wright and Scholz, 2005), or to monitoring fishing efforts (Riolo, 2006;Stewart et al., 2010), or even to using Vessel Monitoring Sys- tems (VMS) (EU, 2011;Stelzenmüller et al., 2008). In the context of control, conservation, and use planning, geospatial sciences will undoubtedly continue to help fisheries professionals make sound and informed decisions about the management and conservation of fish and fisheries (Fisher, 2010). ...
The increasing human pressures on marine ecosystems and the need for integrating planning tools for managing and protecting the marine environment have pushed towards accurate assessments of the spatial distribution of human activities and impacts. An accurate understanding of the spatial distribution of fisheries will help determine potential conflicts that may arise in coastal regions as these regions are exposed to new types of resource use and development (e.g., renewable energy, aquaculture). This study characterizes the existing artisanal fishing activity along the Bay of Biscay in the Basque Country (Spain) by métier unit, by commercially relevant species biomass, and by trophic level. Total fishing pressure (measured as area covered per sampling effort) was calculated per métier unit by year (2009 and 2010), and aggregated using data collected from 10,185 fishing trip events, questionnaires, and other non-official logbooks. Results revealed that the spatial preferences and fishing intensities of specific métiers were linked to spatial location; water bodies closest to the coastline, especially in the most westerly areas of the Bay of Biscay, were more intensely fished. The integration of total fishing pressure across métiers is an important first step towards assessing the cumulative pressures of fishing, and determining the foundations for an improved ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management in Basque Country waters.
... In addition to providing much needed data, LK inherently incorporates the spatial component into resource management (Johannes, 1993). The inclusion of LK can be enhanced through the use of geospatial tools such as geographic information systems (GIS) (Anuchiracheeva et al., 2003;Close and Hall, 2006;Riolo, 2006). With advances in GIS and the inclusion of LK, new opportunities for accessing and understanding data with spatial and temporal characteristics have become available. ...
Fishers’ knowledge collected through a rapid appraisal process that involved semi-structured interviews in 17 fishing communities in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico, was used to understand the spatial and temporal scales at which small-scale fisheries operate. This study identifies 43 main target species and group of species and the fishing gear preference(s) for the harvest of each. The reported spatial and temporal patterns associated with the target species were used to evaluate use of existing marine protected areas (MPAs), the distance traveled to reach fishing areas, and the timing and locations of fishing activities. MPAs were found to be important fishing areas for multiple communities with 79% of the total area within MPAs being actively utilized. Five communities stand out in their capacity to travel up to 200 km to reach their fishing grounds. The results also show a clear a seasonal differentiation in species and areas targeted as well as fishing gear and methods used. A systematic incorporation of information related to spatial and temporal scales in fishing activities provides additional opportunities for the sustainable management of fisheries, both for the Mexican government and local interests. The incorporation of local knowledge helped building a source of information that can provide insights for regulatory agencies in the development of spatially explicit management measures in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico.
... One promising way toward simplification of this information is the visual rendering of biological and physical variables. Data visual-ization is an emerging technology in fisheries science and has been used in the fields of fisheries oceanography (Simpson 1994), habitat classification (Anderson et al. 2002;Morris and Ball 2006), survey data management (Fortunati et al. 2002;Melvin et al. 2002), commercial fishing patterns (Caddy and Carocci 1999;Riolo 2006), and fish distribution (Kracker 1999;Stanley et al. 2002). In this study, an approach to visualizing the spatial relationship between juvenile brown shrimp size, abundance, and salinity through time is presented using standard analytical techniques in parallel with a geographical information systems (GIS) application. ...
A geographical information systems technique for visualizing spatial data was used in conjunction with standard analytical procedures to examine the size-specific distribution of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus in nearshore nursery areas and open waters of the Mississippi Sound. Brown shrimp abundance was assessed during 2000, 2001, and 2002 by means of an otter trawl along 10 transects consisting of three stations each. The number of brown shrimp, together with the dissolved oxygen, temperature, and salinity values, were collected at each sampling station. A decreasing trend in salinity was observed from east to west. The highest salinities were measured in 2000. No temporal patterns in dissolved oxygen or temperature were apparent. Brown shrimp showed the highest abundances in western Mississippi Sound, an area adjoining the extensive marshes of St. Tammany and St. Bernard parishes in Louisiana. The average size of the brown shrimp in the western sound was smaller than that of the brown shrimp in other areas, indicating continued recruitment in the former area.
... Swain and Wade 2003). If spatially explicit data exist, it is possible to create maps to represent spatial variability in fishing effort (Riolo 2006). This can be particularly informative in assessing the intensity of fishing impacts on certain habitats, or where overlap of distribution with vulnerable non-target species is known to occur (Bellman et al. 2005). ...
The need to accurately quantify fishing effort has increased in recent years as fisheries have expanded around the world and many fish stocks and non-target species are threatened with collapse. Quantification methods vary greatly among fisheries, and to date there has not been a comprehensive review of these methods. Here we review existing approaches to quantify fishing effort in small-scale, recreational, industrial, and illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fisheries. We present the strengths and limitations of existing methods, identifying the most robust methods and the critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed to improve our ability to quantify and map fishing effort. Although identifying the ‘best’ method ultimately depends on the intended application of the data, in general, quantification methods that are based on information on gear use and spatial distribution offer the best approaches to representing fishing effort on a broad scale. Integrating fisher’s knowledge and involving fishers in data collection and management decisions may be the most effective way to improve data quality and accessibility.
... Numerous studies have either used the location where the longline gear begins to be set (the "set point") to represent fishing effort or aggregate the effort to low resolution grid cells based on the set point location (He et al., 1997;Maury et al., 2001;Seki et al., 2002;Zagaglia et al., 2004). Others have used the central point (centroid) of non-specific set and haul locations (Bigelow et al., 1999), or the centroid of the beginning and end of the set (Riolo, 2006). Combinations of points used to form polylines (e.g., connecting the point at the beginning of the set with the point at the end of the haul) have also been used to designate fishing effort (Klaer and Polacheck, 1998;Brothers et al., 1999a;Santos et al., 2006). ...
Bycatch in fisheries has been recognized as a threat to many endangered populations of sea turtles, sea birds and marine mammals. Interactions between pelagic longline fisheries and critically endangered populations of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) have led to temporary closures of the Hawaiian pelagic longline swordfish fishery and severe bycatch quotas. The negative impact of these events on both the populations of certain endangered species and the economic livelihood of the fishermen has resulted in a strong push from all sides to better understand bycatch events. Typically, analyses of longline catch and bycatch have examined fishing effort summarized over large areas (≥1°). Although aggregation of effort to this level may be necessary to account for uncertainty, confidentiality concerns, or to make comparisons across regions, it specifically limits the researcher's ability to characterize the local oceanographic factors that may drive individual bycatch events. Higher resolution analyses must be undertaken to identify such features. However, for these higher resolution analyses, the methods currently used to spatially represent pelagic longline fishing effort may significantly affect researcher's results. Here, we look at different methods to represent this fishing effort (i.e., points, centroids, polylines and polygons) at various resolutions (2 km to 5°) to better understand which method and spatial resolution are most appropriate. Our results validate the use of point features to represent fishing effort in previous low resolution studies of the Hawaiian pelagic longline fishery by showing that the set point method is suitable for studies with resolutions lower than 15 km. However, at higher resolutions (≤15 km) and in areas with more sparsely distributed fishing, aggregated effort values differed significantly between spatial representation methods. We demonstrate that the use of polygons to describe pelagic longline fishing effort is more representative and necessary for such high resolution analyses.
One tool that can be used to visualize and connect various types of spatial and temporal distribution is Geographic Information System. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pressure of longline fisheries, tuna catches and fishing effort and can model the spatial distribution and temporal (of tuna, during longline fishery activities in 2013. Experimental methods are used in determining the size pixels and kernel shape. The form of the kernel that displays the best results is quartic. The optimal radius produced from the equation 0.68n-0.2 is 0.25 degrees (27.78 km). The CPUE uses raster data on catch density (tail field) and fishing line density (field number of hooks). The calculation is done by multiplying the density of the raster catch (tail) by 1,000 then divided by the density of the raster fishing hooks. The results show that the range of CPUE values ranged from 0.833 - 416. The total area of the total fishing effort was 161,520 km2 with an ffort of catching of 57,502.017 per 1,000 hooks. The total number of CPUE top heatmap is 38,948.29 per 1,000 hooks in 38,080 km2, most are in the Mentawai Strait, other parts are also found in the south of Siberut Island, west of Enggano Island to the Indian Ocean. Seasonal patterns show that the East season is the season with the highest catching effort in the Mentawai Strait, the Siberut Strait to the southern part of Siberut Island and the Transition I season is the lowest catching effort. Keywords: Spatial and temporal distribution, tuna density, CPUE, heatmap, Indian Ocean
A GIS is a computer-based tool used for analyzing the geographical information. It holds a database of spatial data and attributes or descriptive information about features on a map that can be used to create preferred maps.Geographical Information System (GIS) has become a major component of modern life and the contribution of this system in daily life has been increasing by the new invention of technology and methods. GIS was basically developed as a tool for terrestrial use such as infrastructural development, watershed management, agriculture and forest conservation, but later it became a supporting tool in many diverse sectors. GIS and its technologies have added a new leeway in a fishery sector also by applying its tools for extracting scientific output from the collected data. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is being applied in various forms in diverse fields. In marine fisheries till last decade, GIS and its application was very limited but now scenario has been completely changed with development of successful protocols for application of GIS in marine fisheries in India. In augmenting global fish production, GIS based technology has contributed immensely. In India modern time fishing vessels are equipped with new technologies which are capable of operating in greater depth, more endurance in sea, accurate fish finding. GIS has aided immensely in enhancing fish production globally.
An uncommon guest is masked in fisheries landings: The case of the endemic sub-population of red spiny lobster Panulirus penicillatus (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in Costa Rica Fishery landings composition in tropical developing countries is formed of high diversity of species and some of them are not well-reported in landings or national fisheries statistics. This is particularly the case of the endemic red spiny lobster Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791) on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The red spiny lobster is a circumtropical species which has the most extensive global distribution of all the species of spiny lobsters. In order to fill the gap of knowledge regarding the spatial distribution of this species in the eastern Pacific Ocean and highlight its importance to fishing communities, this study focused on data collected from a dive-based bentho-demersal fishery on the northern Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Environmental and fishing effort data were recorded as an input for fitting site-occupancy models to get estimates of occurrence and probability of detection. The most parsimonious model structure for detection suggested that the covariates of diving time and water column visibility had an important effect on detection probability. For the occupancy part of the model, the depth gradient had the strongest effect, with high probability of lobster encounters in shallow rocky reefs near the coastline. These findings point towards an enlargement of the area of occurrence of the endemic sub-population of P. penicillatus to which sampled animals belong. Further, it is discussed potential ecological and fishery factors that explain the low occurrence of the red spiny lobster at this restricted area of the eastern Pacific continental shelf. As a result, a set of research guidelines and management recommendations are suggested for promoting the conservation and sustainable use of this endemic species within the region.
The study was conducted to collect and display basic information about the fishery in Hormozgan province base on GIS. Maps of major fishing grounds and species, landing centers, fishing ports, and villages were produced, as well as the distribution of fisherman activity was presented. Maps of the spatial distribution of fishing activity and major fishing methods and distribution of fishing vessels and the fishing cooperative activities were produced.
Distribution and abundance of some commercial species (63 fish and 5 shrimp species) were mapped all around Hormozgan Province waters. Also, spatial distribution maps of 16 groups of benthos were generated. Distribution of environmental contamination variables such as heavy metals, petroleum pollution variables were mapped in the Oman Sea waters. Distribution of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll were studied using MODIS satellite imagery data.
In this study, some of data and information were generated as maps, this data saved in a database bank; however, they have a basic possibility for upgrading and generating new maps. Thus, the database can reference for fisheries researchers to devise new research project lead, which can be used in decision-making and fisheries management.
Research on fishery fleet dynamics and fisher behavior often rely on rational economic assumptions to explain decision-making processes based on cost and income expectations as an input to management strategies. However, understanding the complexity of small-scale fisheries, which are defined by their importance as a source of income, employment, food security, and cultural traditions, requires the use of emerging systemic thinking concepts to face the challenges involved in their management. In this study, fishing effort dynamics and two types of diver behavior are analyzed within the multispecies fishery at Playa Lagarto, Costa Rica. We sought to answer whether or not the allocation of fishing operations that defines fishing effort responds to only the rational economic theory or to other dynamics related to the fishery’s social and ecological systems. Also, given different dive methods, tactics, and factors that define catch variability, fisher behavior drivers were explored. A combination of surveys, interviews, and a participatory diagnostic approach were used to collect data during fishing trips. Although some target species were common to both dive methods, differences in the spatial and temporal allocation of fishing effort were evident due to different fishing tactics. When facing environmental constraints, social interactions fostered cooperative tactics in order to maintain or even increase their catches. Given these results, a set of recommendations were outlined that could improve sustainability and strengthen the socio-ecological resilience of the fishery.
Despite the overflowing of technologies in fisheries sector, the current state of global fisheries is clearly unsustainable. Informationfrom local fishers seem to be a valuable input in assisting the fisheries management. Hence there is a significant need to consider these knowledge as part of fisheries study. This paper reviewed the integration of scientific approach, which focusing on remote sensing techniques with local knowledge obtained from fishers towards sustainable fisheries management.The utilization of bothinformation from remote sensing and fisher local knowledge is described respectively. Then, we discussed the method of integrating remote sensing and local knowledge, which is basically using GIS integration approach. Despite the increasing interest of local knowledge in fisheries study and management, there are actually still lack of techniques that have been developed to integrate fisher local knowledge with remote sensing analyses. Yet, we still cannot denied that the combination of both local knowledge and remote sensingis indeed a powerful tool in improving fisheries management.
The Spencer Gulf penaeid prawn fishery in South Australia has undergone a substantial increase in fishing efficiency (and profitability) mainly due to the implementation of adaptive harvest strategies requiring rapid response for change to harvesting plans. This paper describes the man-agement background and the decision-making process leading to the development of a basic Decision Support System (DSS) that uses spatial information techniques and near real-time fishery-independent survey data. The system is implemented through linking an Oracle database to ArcGIS, Genstat and Splus. Two examples show the application of the DSS for optimal harvest timing and assessment of fishery sustainability. Fishery-independent survey data are used to assess stock and model population growth. The first example shows the information flow leading to a dynamic stock model and the estimate of value change as a function of harvest time. The second example shows how the DSS is used to validate and refine existing biological reference limits by evaluating long-term detailed data sets of the prawn population structure and catch dynamics. We conclude that it is important for the economic benefit and sustainability of the fishery to maintain and improve the collection of long-term data sets that are independent of commercial fishery statistics.
With the groundwater resources management in Poyang Lake catchment as an example, groundwater resources management system based on geographic information system (GIS)-MapInfo software was development using Matlab software, and visual basic language in this paper, and the main functions were also introduced. The user interface was developed using visual basic language, which can provide the running background work environment of MapInfo. Matlab was used to accomplish numerical calculation. The MapInfopsilas functions of spatial analysis and display were used in this system by visual basic program activating MapInfo. Many functions could be accomplished including the spatial and attribute data displaying, editing and querying, spatial statistics and analysis, thematic map compiling, and groundwater quality visual evaluation. Groundwater resources effective management and groundwater quality visual evaluation could be realized by development of this system. The development of this system will provide assistant decision supports for reasonable exploiting groundwater resources in Poyang lake catchment.
Geographic information systems (GIS) is a powerful tool capable of organizing, analyzing, and displaying spatially explicit data, yet it is not being extensively used in fisheries science. GIS offers advantages over conventional approaches because of the speed and accuracy with which it handles large spatial datasets. Decision makers can then make more informed decisions because multiple scenarios can be evaluated or spatial analyses conducted that would otherwise prove too cumbersome. GIS disadvantages include additional training for personnel, the costs of capital outlay, and the time required to initially assemble a GIS. A GIS database can be assembled from existing digital files, published maps, or using global positioning receivers. Continuing software and hardware advancements have led to greater affordability and user-friendliness. Here, we provide examples of GIS utility in fisheries science.
Decision support systems (DSS) that are simple, spatial, flexible, non-deterministic and have a long track record of practical application in a policy environment have until recently been uncommon. There has been a rapid expansion in the development and description of both quantitative and soft system methods that can be applied to decision-making processes and many of these have application in the spatial domain. This paper examines the case for inclusion of new methods in spatial systems for multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in the context of the history and application of ASSESS (A System for Selecting Suitable Sites). As a spatial implementation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), ASSESS has been used extensively for MCDA in a policy environment, but has not previously been described in peer-reviewed literature. ASSESS provides an interface in the ArcInfo Grid GIS environment that accesses GIS functionality and enables simple linear addition and combination of data layers, quantised into rankings from 1 to 5 corresponding to suitable/good to unsuitable/bad, for the development of output scenarios that may be constructed from different user viewpoints. Results from assessment of catchment condition for the intensive land use zone of Australia are used to illustrate issues surrounding incorporation of new methods and spatially explicit operations into the simple ASSESS AHP MCDA process. The knowledge and methods base is outlined diagrammatically using AHP MCDA as the core process, and new methods and spatial approaches as adjuncts or inputs at various stages. New methods can assist with correlation of input data layers, subjective weightings, and mixing of qualitative and quantitative data. The merits of the inclusion of quantitative methods based on logical empiricism for explicit definition of input errors and uncertainty, approaches to quantisation of input data, and optimisation of outputs are contrasted with soft systems approaches that incorporate more linguistic and information theory into landscape analysis. The potential role for spatial analysis both in providing static input factor layers and in dynamic optimisation and seamless integration in the decision process are explored.
Geographic information systems are growing in prevalence and their use can be found at many of Ericsson's locations. Digital geographic information is used in various calculations and for presenting maps on electronic displays. The quality of all wireless communication is dependent on terrain, and that is why Ericsson uses geographic information systems for planning mobile telephone systems. Thanks to geographic data, network engineers can optimize the dimensions of a system, calculating the exact location at which each base station should be positioned. Ericsson develops display screens for command and control systems that are integrated into vehicles, boats and aircraft. Geographic information plays an important role in these systems. Vehicle navigation is improved with maps that display other vehicles, elevated obstacles, and a preferred route of travel. The authors describe how Ericsson uses geographic information for planning radio networks and mobile telephone systems. They also describe the use of geographic data for displaying maps in vehicles.
The term 'geographic information system' (GIS) has become synonymous with a wide range of computer applications, technologies, and scientific methods related to the use of geospatial information. Although the origin of GIS can be traced back to early electronic mapping tools, such as the Canada Geographic Information System (CGIS) developed in the mid-1960s, limiting the definition of GIS to a spatial visualization tool would be to disregard its current scientific and technological standards, as well as the huge expansion of GIS applications in science, public administration, and economics. Driven by the rapid growth of computer technologies on the one hand and globally increasing demands on spatial information on the other, GIS has evolved from an electronic mapping facility into a fast-growing spatial science technology in less than 40 years. Due to the amalgamation of computer-assisted cartography with database technologies and growing capabilities of analyzing data across different layers in an object-oriented programming environment, current GIS provides a universal management technology for capturing, analyzing, modeling spatial data, and finally providing insights in a spatial dimension as basis for management decisions. Thus the application of GIS methods is very well suited as an indispensable tool for dealing many spatial questions about soil as a major environmental resource.
Geographic information systems (GIS) technology is rapidly becoming a management and research tool for fisheries professionals. We surveyed fisheries programs at 42 U.S. universities about their training in GIS and uses of GIS in fisheries research; twenty-four universities responded. Our survey revealed that fisheries students who use GIS take introductory and advanced GIS courses offered in earth science departments at their universities and/or seminars on applications of GIS in natural resources offered in their departments. A solid core of GIS courses is available at U.S. universities for fisheries students interested in developing this expertise. On average, twenty-one percent to forty percent of fisheries faculty and students indicated they occasionally used GIS in their research. The most common fisheries-related uses of GIS were mapping and modeling fish distributions and aquatic habitats, and evaluating the effects of watershed land use on fish populations, communities, and habitats. In addition to traditional descriptive applications of GIS for mapping fish distributions and aquatic habitats for research and management purposes, we see the potential for prescriptive fisheries applications in areas such as modeling and forecasting changes in aquatic habitats, estimating fish population abundances in unsampled areas, developing fisheries sampling designs, and integrating human population trends with biological and aquatic habitat trends.
Fisheries-dependent and independent data have a strong spatial component. These data are also multi-dimensional, making them
difficult to visualize and analyze, prompting the use of spatial analysis to facilitate an understanding of their relationships.
One aspect of fisheries data that is often ignored is the distribution and abundance of a particular resource and the fishing
patterns of its harvesting fisheries. In order to improve management advice, stock assessors need to incorporate the spatial
component of these data into an existing assessment framework. This paper presents a three-dimensional visualization of the
age-structure and fishery dependent and independent data associated with the sparid fish Pterogymnus laniarius on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. A spatially-referenced spawner biomass per-recruit model is developed to illustrate the
applicability of incorporating spatially referenced information in providing management advice. The model provided evidence
that, even on a spatial scale, fishing mortality is significantly correlated to fishing effort. Areas of high levels of spawner
biomass are noted, all of which corresponded to those geographic areas with a combination of low fishing effort and high adult
biomass.
From pg. 4: "While answers to these questions are critical to the design of appropriate management regimes, it is almost impossible to get sufficient empirical data to test these hypotheses. One can, however, build models of panmictic and metapopulations to explore these questions. Consequently, here we explore a series of illustrative models in which local populations - modeled as either panmictic or metapopulation structures - are managed as if they comprised a single large population. These models are a dynamic version of the generic bioeconomic model of a single stock (Clark, Anderson) and are used to investigate the circumstances under which common regulatory procedures might lead to depletion of the fishery."
Atlas of industrial tuna fisheries in the Indian Ocean Incorporating the spatial component of fishery data into stock assessment models Regime shifts and paradigm changes: is there still a place for equilibrium thinking? Fisheries Research 25
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Atlas of Tuna and Billfish Catches
- F Carocci
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Geographical information systems and remote sensing in inland fisheries and aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, No. 318. FAO, Rome, 262 pp. Pacific Magazine
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Atlas of Tropical Tuna Fisheries
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Geographic Information Systems in Oceanog-raphy and Fisheries Western Pacific Fishery Information Network
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Geographical information systems: applications to marine fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper
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Distribution patterns of three dominant tuna species in the Indian Ocean
- Lee
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- Tseng
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Application of G.I.S. and Remote Sensing in Fisheries Management Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
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Pacific Tunas and Billfishes
- F Carocci
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Carocci, F., Majkowski, J., 1996. Pacific Tunas and Billfishes. Atlas of Commercial Catches. FAO, Rome, 9 pp., 28 maps.
Distribution patterns of three dominant tuna species in the Indian Ocean
- Lee
Atlas of industrial tuna fisheries in the Indian Ocean
- Ardill
Tuna Catch Data in FAO's Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS)
- F Carocci
- A Crispoldi
- J I De Leiva
- J Majkowski