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REACt: self-sufficient renewable energy air-conditioning system for Mediterranean countries
Abstract
The REACt project (INCO-CT-2003-015434-REACt) aims at the introduction in target Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPC) of an advanced and innovative hybrid solar hot water and air-conditioning system. Taking into account the climatic, geographical and economic situation of each country, we propose to operate on two systems based on linear parabolic trough collectors. Both systems will be calibrated for two different applications and will act as “test bed” for innovative technologies such as direct steam generation, never before utilized on systems of this size and purpose; new diathermic fluids, optimized for high thermal capacity and high performance doubleeffect ammonia chillers. Specifically, we propose to operate in view of the placement of the systems in two test areas: a public hospital in Morocco and a tourist resort in Jordan. A further site that will be examined is a public hospital in the city of Baabda, Lebanon, where many of the activities (country analysis, assessments, dissemination) will be performed even if no system will be installed in such site in the framework of this project.
... (Osama Ayadi et al., 2012b) presented an example of the design, installation and monitoring results of a pilot plant for a solar heating and cooling system for an office building in Italy. (Asmar, 2008) (Krüger et al., 2008) and (Paitazogou et al., 2015) presented systems for hotels and a hospital in Morocco and Jordan. (Edwards, 2011) presented the performance of a solar cooling plant for housing in Ontario. ...
... Fortunately, several ILs were stable in this range and formed the basis for suitable applications. Furthermore, RTILs were addressed to facilitate the electrical installation on a largescale in order to provide heating and cooling facilities for in and outdoor activities in Mediterranean states [94]. Two altered designs, with extremely technological solutions have developed and evaluated in order to maximize the energy caught from the sun (by linear parabolic solar collectors) as shown in Fig. 6(a). ...
A new background to organize diverse synthetic and natural resources to fabricate functional materials in a safe
environment by using RoomTemperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) is highly stressed. A newapproach to classify various
RTILs on the basis of induced structural moieties is explored. RTILs are reviewed as reactionmedia to process
functional materials, green composites, cellulose dissolution, energy production, additives, cleaner, chromatography,
hetero/biocatalysis, bio/electrochemical sensors and interaction with bio-membranes to attract current academic
and industrial development. RTILs are expected to substitute conventional solvents as RTILs have
challenged both our experimental and intellectual abilities to explore further.
... Program (International Cooperation -INCO), The REACt (self-sufficient renewable energy air-conditioning system for Mediterranean countries) project aims at the introduction of an advanced and innovative hybrid solar hot water and air-conditioning system in target Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPC). [6] Following the objectives of the project, a demonstration plant that uses heat from ...
Research attention on decentralized autonomous energy systems has increased exponentially in the past three decades, as demonstrated by the absolute number of publications and the share of these studies in the corpus of energy system modelling literature. This paper shows the status quo and future modelling needs for research on local autonomous energy systems. A total of 359 studies are investigated, of which a subset of 123 in detail. The studies are assessed with respect to the characteristics of their methodology and applications, in order to derive common trends and insights. Most case studies apply to middle-income countries and only focus on the supply of electricity in the residential sector. Furthermore, many of the studies are comparable regarding objectives and applied methods. Local energy autonomy is associated with high costs, leading to levelized costs of electricity of 0.41 $/kWh on average. By analysing the studies, many improvements for future studies could be identified: the studies lack an analysis of the impact of autonomous energy systems on surrounding energy systems. In addition, the robust design of autonomous energy systems requires higher time resolutions and extreme conditions. Future research should also develop methodologies to consider local stakeholders and their preferences for energy systems.
Research attention on decentralized autonomous energy systems has increased
exponentially in the past three decades, as demonstrated by the absolute number of
publications and the share of these studies in the corpus of energy system modelling
literature. This paper shows the status quo and future modelling needs for research on
local autonomous energy systems. A total of 359 studies are roughly investigated, of
which a subset of 123 in detail. The studies are assessed with respect to the
characteristics of their methodology and applications, in order to derive common trends
and insights. Most case studies apply to middle-income countries and only focus on the
supply of electricity in the residential sector. Furthermore, many of the studies are
comparable regarding objectives and applied methods. Local energy autonomy is
associated with high costs, leading to levelized costs of electricity of 0.41 $/kWh on
average. By analysing the studies, many improvements for future studies could be
identified: the studies lack an analysis of the impact of autonomous energy systems on
surrounding energy systems. In addition, the robust design of autonomous energy systems requires higher time resolutions and extreme conditions. Future research
should also develop methodologies to consider local stakeholders and their
preferences for energy systems.
Globally, the building sector is a major consumer of primary energy sources and a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. As a result of modernization of civilizations coupled with urbanization and increasing living standards, the building sector’s contribution to energy consumption and greenhouses gases emissions are expected to increase further. In hot and humid regions, designing energy-efficient and thermally comfortable houses and buildings with high-quality indoor air is a challenge. Most of the research and developments in this sector are performed in advanced and industrialized countries; the majority of which are in temperate regions of the world. With globalization, some concepts and ideas that have been developed for temperate regions could be reengineered to suit hot and humid regions. However, raw concepts, ideas, and technologies still need to be refined for effective application in hot and humid regions, as these regions have different ways of life, cultures, traditions, and economic standards than industrialized regions. As awareness of the advantages of the energy-efficient and environmentally friendly houses and buildings has grown in hot and humid regions, more research and development efforts have been supported by government and nongovernment organizations in these regions. Hence, the building and operational technologies of houses and buildings in hot and humid regions are expected to become more refined as research, developments, and applications of modern architecture and building sciences become more prevalent in these regions.
This research paper is the 2nd part of field investigation about renewable energy education in different engineering departments in state and private universities in Jordan. The prime objective is focused on assessing the influence of some students’ related characteristics, namely age, gender, department and university on their levels of knowledge and awareness regarding existing energy situation and renewable energy potential. To achieve such goal, common statistical methods such as ANOVA, Chi-square test & Post hoc comparisons were used for data analysis. The study in hand investigated two aspects of energy knowledge are considered, i.e. energy situation and renewable energy sources. The principal findings of this research showed consistent significant difference in the level of energy knowledge among students with respect to university, but insignificant difference in the level of energy knowledge pertaining to age. On the other hand, gender and department showed inconsistent findings: both were significant with respect to the first aspect, but insignificant with respect to the second aspect. This is due to the fact that some universities have taken necessary steps and introduced new courses related to energy conversion and renewable energy technologies in close cooperation with some universities in Europe. Others such as German-Jordan University went further by introducing new engineering stream which specialized in renewable energy. It is deemed that such programs will reduce the existing gap in energy education and local renewable energy industries as well as disseminating energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies in the country. However, there is still an urgent need to develop energy and renewable energy education and training in order to provide the desired skillful engineers and technicians to support related industries in the local and regional markets.
Due to their unusual sets of properties, ionic liquids have many important applications in devices and processes for the production, storage and efficient use of energy and other resources.
The state of the art of research in thermally activated cooling technologies for combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems are presented here in detail, mainly including absorption and adsorption refrigeration, and desiccant cooling. A basic description of thermally activated cooling is given first. Next, according to the diverse categories of thermally activated cooling, the working principles, products markets available or under development, diverse combinations of thermally activated technologies in CCHP applications or experimental units, and existing problems are listed and discussed through a comprehensive review of the literature. Furthermore, more recent advanced research of thermally activated cooling in innovative concept, material and technologies are included. Finally, detailed summary and suggestions are proposed for proper utilization of thermally activated cooling technologies, and the future development roadmap and preferred strategies are also outlined. The review will demonstrate that thermally activated cooling technologies are attractive alternatives that not only serve the need for air-conditioning, refrigeration, dehumidification, and augmenting prime movers, but also can meet the demand for energy conservation and environmental protection.
The combined production of heating, cooling and electricity (CHCP) or trigeneration in a grid-connected energy market may become profitable with respect to traditional systems, where electricity, heat, and cooling are produced or purchased separately. Namely, the use of solar energy as a primary energy source can lead to a substantial improvement, overcoming many of the traditional drawback associated with micro-cogeneration and trigeneration. So doing a CHCP system with renewable energy sources is realized, that is an attractive solution for domestic needs, provided that a cost-effective technical solution is available. This paper reviews and compares CHCP system and technologies based on solar energy.
Robert Pitz-Paal, Peter Rietbrock and Thomas Fend, Results from parabolic trough collectors for process heat at the DLR Cologne
- Dirk Krüger
- Bernhard Hoffschmidt
- Klaus Hennecke
Dirk Krüger, Bernhard Hoffschmidt, Klaus
Hennecke, Robert Pitz-Paal, Peter Rietbrock and
Thomas Fend, Results from parabolic trough collectors for process heat at the DLR Cologne, in:
Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium
on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies,
Sydney, 8–10 March 2000.
The potential for low-cost electricity from concentrating solar power systems, Presented at the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference of Vancouver
- Henry Spice
- Stephen Carpenter
Henry Spice and Stephen Carpenter, The potential
for low-cost electricity from concentrating solar
power systems, Presented at the Intersociety
Energy Conversion Engineering Conference of
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1-5
August 1999.