... Although existing measurement is limited, this review illuminates how water and sanitation circumstances and conditions have resulted in myriad negative impacts to women's well-being that remain unmonitored and under-evaluated. Illustratively, considerable research shows how compromised water and sanitation environments have contributed to women's risk or experience of harassment or physical and sexual violence; 47,48,56,62,72,75,87,94,96,97,109,121,124,129,130,139,154,[157][158][159][160][161]163,165,[167][168][169][170][172][173][174][175][176][177]184,185,187,200,203,212,217,219,[224][225][226]229,237,241,[243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252][254][255][256] compromised mental wellbeing; 2,62,76,82,86,94,109,125,149,151,154,156,158,159,161,163,164,171,174,175,178,184,187,188,191,195,215,257,260,261,266,269,275 resulted in illness, infirmity, and bodily harm 48,49,51,56,62,64,67,72,76,87,97,104,108,109,121,127,129,130,140,144,[154][155][156][158][159][160][163][164][165]167,168,170,[172][173][174][175][176][177]181,[183][184][185]187,188,194,200,206,209,211,212,217,[225][226][227]230,233,[242][243][244][245]247,258,259,[262][263][264]270,271,273,274,276,282 or limiting of hygiene, food, and water; 62,72,84,86,109,121,130,151,154,160,165,170,178,183,184,186,188,198,210,215,218,267 and suppression of urination, defecation and menstrual hygiene needs, 2,48,167,170,174,176,177,200,203,210,215,221,222,224,226,227,233,234,236,256 among other impacts. However, estimates of the burden of inadequate WASH remain focused on disease outcomes. ...