... This research will be crucial for furthering our understanding of infants with less supportive parenting. In particular, if it is the case that (a) from a very early age, infants expect individuals to care about their ingroup members and to support their welfare via comforting, helping, and other prosocial actions, and (b) this abstract expectation persists even in the face of unsupportive parenting, then this could help explain why lower quality parental care, which repeatedly violates this expectation, has enduring negative consequences for social competence and mental health (e.g., Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010;Fraley, Roisman, & Haltigan, 2013;Groh, Roisman, Van IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Fearon, 2012;Groh et al., 2014;Jaffari-Bimmel, Juffer, Van IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Mooijaart, 2006;Raby, Roisman, Fraley, & Simpson, 2015;Roisman & Fraley, 2012). ...