![On the left: Augmented reality view on "Lutherse Kerk" (church) with selection: [artwork/painting], combined with annotation (in Dutch) and the facet-based selection [artwork/painting]. On the right explanation of the components of the GUI.](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bob-Wielinga/publication/221630944/figure/fig4/AS:668838349778944@1536474897233/On-the-left-Augmented-reality-view-on-Lutherse-Kerk-church-with-selection_Q320.jpg)
![(a): Photograph of the ending of the Maagdenhuis occupation. (b): Augmented reality view on the " Helios building " , showing the architect with selection [people/artist].](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bob-Wielinga/publication/221630944/figure/fig3/AS:393912201039875@1470927395149/a-Photograph-of-the-ending-of-the-Maagdenhuis-occupation-b-Augmented-reality-view_Q320.jpg)
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Mobile Cultural Heritage Guide: Location-Aware Semantic Search
Abstract and Figures
In this paper we explore the use of location aware mobile devices for searching and browsing a large number of general and cul- tural heritage information repositories. Based on GPS positioning we can determine a user's location and context, composed of physical nearby lo- cations, historic events that have taken place there, artworks that were created at or inspired by those locations and artists that have lived or worked there. Based on a geolocation, the user has three levels of refine- ment: pointing to a specific heading and selection and facets and sub- facets of cultural heritage objects. In our approach two types of knowl- edge are combined: general knowledge about geolocations an dp oints of interest and specialized knowledge about a particular domain, i.e. cul- tural heritage. We use a number of Linked Open Data sources an da number of general sources from the cultural heritage domain (including Art and Architecture Thesaurus, Union List of Artist Names) as well as data from several Dutch cultural institutions. We show thre ec oncrete scenarios where a tourist accesses localized information o nh is iPhone about the current environment, events, artworks or persons ,w hich are enriched by Linked Open Data sources. We show that Linked Ope nD ata sources in isolation are currently too limited to provide interesting se- mantic information but combined with each other and with a number of other sources a really informative location-based service can be created.
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... In AR applications, ontology and linked data can be used to increase dynamic context-awareness of the physical world. For instance, they have been used to display the contextual information about cultural heritage sites (Van Aart et al. 2010;Kim et al. 2017;Aliprantis et al. 2018), to specify geographic locations (Van Aart et al. 2010;Hervás et al. 2013), to support maintenance or training on complex systems (Toro et al. 2007;Jo et al. 2014;Akbarinasaji and Homayounvala 2017;Gattullo et al. 2020). Such semantic-based approach for context-awareness in AR is also useful for healthcare and well-being: to support daily patients' needs (Hervas et al. 2011(Hervas et al. , 2013, or for elderly dependent users . ...
... In AR applications, ontology and linked data can be used to increase dynamic context-awareness of the physical world. For instance, they have been used to display the contextual information about cultural heritage sites (Van Aart et al. 2010;Kim et al. 2017;Aliprantis et al. 2018), to specify geographic locations (Van Aart et al. 2010;Hervás et al. 2013), to support maintenance or training on complex systems (Toro et al. 2007;Jo et al. 2014;Akbarinasaji and Homayounvala 2017;Gattullo et al. 2020). Such semantic-based approach for context-awareness in AR is also useful for healthcare and well-being: to support daily patients' needs (Hervas et al. 2011(Hervas et al. , 2013, or for elderly dependent users . ...
Although Augmented Reality (AR) has been extensively studied in supporting Immersive Analytics (IA), there are still many challenges in visualising and interacting with big and complex datasets. To deal with these datasets, most AR applications utilise NoSQL databases for storing and querying data, especially for managing large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data. However, NoSQL databases have limitations in their reasoning and inference capabilities, which can result in insufficient support for certain types of queries. To fill this gap, we aim to explore and evaluate whether an intelligent approach based on ontology and linked data can facilitate visual analytics tasks with big datasets on AR interface. We designed and implemented a prototype of this method for meteorological data analytics. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of a semantic database with linked data compared to a conventional approach in an AR-based immersive analytics system. The results significantly highlight the performance of semantic approach in helping the users analysing meteorological datasets and their subjective appreciation in working with the AR interface, which is enhanced with ontology and linked data.
... Interactive map-based systems have emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing the visitor experience at cultural sites and heritage locations. Incorporating location-aware mobile devices, Van Aart et al. leverage GPS positioning to provide users with multifaceted access to extensive general and cultural heritage repositories, demonstrating the synergistic potential of Linked Open Data sources in enriching location-based services [23]. Matuszka et al. have focused on utilizing interactive maps and augmented reality (AR) technologies to provide immersive experiences within cultural places [8]. ...
This paper describes the Integration of Archives and Cultural Places (IaCuP) project, which aims to integrate information about a historical cemetery, including its map and grave inventory, with genealogical and documentary knowledge extracted from relevant historical archives. The integrated data are accessible to cemetery visitors through an interactive mobile application, enabling them to navigate a graphical representation of the cemetery while exploring comprehensive visualizations of genealogical data. The basic idea stems from the desire to provide people with access to the rich context of cultural sites, which have often lost their original references over the centuries, making it challenging for individuals today to interpret the meanings embedded within them. The proposed approach leverages large language models (LLMs) to extract information from relevant documents and Web technologies to represent such information as interactive visualizations. As a practical case study, this paper focuses on the Jewish Cemetery in Pisa and the Historical Archives of the Jewish Community in Pisa, working on the genealogical tree of one of the most representative families resting in the cemetery.
... The system is built on top of the Finnish KOKO ontology described above, which resulted in better user experience through accurate recommendation. In [35], a mobile augmented reality (AR) application is presented based on linked open data (LOD) data published within the project that captures CH information for nearby POIs of the user. Kim et al. developed an AR mobile application based on the previously described KCHDM ontology they proposed [36]. ...
Cultural heritage (CH) reflects on the history of a society and its traditions and it is treated as the nation’s memory and identity. Digitizing and web, beside its benefits, brought some challenges in disseminating and retrieving CH information, which has heterogeneous content varying widely in type and properties yet encompassing rich semantic links. Semantic web technologies, especially ontologies, provide a common understanding inside a domain that helps sharing knowledge and interoperability. They can be very helpful in data modeling for a better information retrieval compared to relational databases as they take into account the semantics of information, guarantee reusability, and make information machine-readable that can offer more flexibility to intelligent services and applications. CH community is one of the first domains to make use semantic web technologies to deal with this issue. CIDOC CRM is the most used and famous ontology in CH domain, which is an ISO standard since 2006. Heritage sites are composed of many points of interest that attract visitors to find out about them. However, information about a particular POI is complex and interconnected with other people, events, and objects. In this paper, we aim to develop a POI-based data model for heritage sites in Iran using concepts from CIDOC CRM integrated with GeoSPARQL, the standard ontology in geospatial field, to incorporate spatial semantics with heritage information. This way the user can freely explore their preferred information about the places they desire. This can make it possible to use the data model for location-based services and applications in heritage sites.
... Although a limited number of references have been found, the authors decided to keep them due to the envisaged impact that standard vocabularies, such as The Getty Vocabularies [46] and standard ontologies such as the CIDOC CRM [47] , would have in CNH and computational methods. One of the examples is [48] , where the location-aware semantic search of LOD sources is combined with several general sources from the cultural heritage domain. Linked Open Data sources in isolation are currently too limited to provide interesting semantic information but, combined with each other and with a few other sources, a really informative location-based service can be created. ...
Cultural and Natural Heritage (CNH) are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration, according to the UNESCO definition. Rural areas represent outstanding examples of cultural, either tangible or intangible, and natural heritage. While rural areas are facing a socio-economic and demographic crisis all over the world, CNH need not only to be safeguarded, but also promoted as a driver for competitiveness, growth and sustainable and inclusive development. This paper goes deeper into the study of computational methods (CMs) applied to modelling CNH in rural areas by looking at how computational methods can support CNH promotion and valorisation to transform rural areas into laboratories for the demonstration of sustainable development through improving the unique potential of their heritage. To this end, different computational methods have been studied and classified according to their scope and application area parameters, showing some correlation among the said parameters and the class of computational method. Apart from how CMs have been applied, wehether it is possible to scale up these CMs elsewhere has also been considered.
The benefits of using BIM in the construction sector are now widely recognised. From this awareness comes the aspiration to have the same advantages for the Cultural Heritage (CH) sector, to obtain more sustainability in the process. Indeed, research in recent years has been orientated in this direction. Attempts to use BIM tools to CH have shown the limits of the ability to correctly represent and transmit information, especially on cultural value and conservation activities, and on the presence of available objects, due to the lack of specific content in IFC, which means a lack of interoperability. The provision of ontologies is necessary to allow interoperability. Ontologies permit the conceptualisation of a representative model of reality by defining classes, attributes, and relationships that describe a domain. The research experiments and proposes a flowchart to connect a specific ontological model for Cultural Heritage in a BIM environment. Using Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS), it is possible to modify, improve, and adapt the functions according to the specific needs of users. In addition, this paper analyses the interconnectivity among three software in the BIM environment: FreeCAD, ArchiCAD and Revit, and the steps for an exchange of information between the geometric model and its semantic properties are established. The decorated umbrella vault of Masegra Castle in Sondrio was selected as a case study to show the application of the method and your tool.
This paper presents Casual Learn, an application that proposes ubiquitous learning tasks about Cultural Heritage. Casual Learn exploits a dataset of 10,000 contextualized learning tasks that were semiautomatically generated out of open data from the Web. Casual Learn offers these tasks to learners according to their physical location. For example, it may suggest describing the characteristics of the Gothic style when passing by a Gothic Cathedral. Additionally, Casual Learn has an interactive mode where learners can geo-search the tasks available. Casual Learn has been successfully used to support three pilot studies in two secondary-school institutions. It has also been awarded by the regional government and an international research conference. This made Casual Learn to appear in several regional newspapers, radios, and TV channels.
Este proyecto de conservación digital permite rastrear las obras de arte español durante la Guerra Civil Española y la posguerra. Muestra la realidad de un período crucial para el patrimonio español, brindando herramientas para analizar las obras salvadas y su destino, y evidenciando la labor de todos aquellos que durante la guerra luchan en el frente del arte. Se desarrolló una aplicación web que permite catalogar, rastrear y estudiar las obras que fueron salvadas y depositadas en lugares seguros por la república. Se realizó un trabajo interdisciplinar teniendo en cuenta parámetros de usabilidad e incorporando un sistema de geolocalización. Se muestra una versión más exacta del recorrido y la historia de las obras, proponiendo una nueva narrativa geolocalizada. El resultado es un sistema interactivo capaz de catalogar, rastrear y estudiar las obras de arte que la República sacó de museos, palacios y residencias para ponerlas a salvo de los ataques fascistas del bando que se sublevó contra el gobierno de República instituida democráticamente en España. Estas obras siguieron una auténtica odisea y la mayoría volvieron a los museos, no siempre al mismo, pero hay obras perdidas y/o desaparecidas que es posible rastrear gracias a esta web abierta, colaborativa y geolocalizada.
Flamenco is considered such an UNESCO Universal Heritage since 1990. As a tourist attraction in most destinations in Spain, it has special significance in Andalusia and especially in high growth destinations such as Seville. The anticipation of the reservation in a “Tablao” flamenco in Seville and in two periods distinguished by the milestone of the realization of marketing actions by own online channels versus that of external channels and Online Travel Agencies (OTAS) before. To do this, we use a sample of 2759 bookings to a local flamenco show in Seville, of daily representation and that are offered by various channels both online and offline and which the anticipation on the reservation is evaluated. Hence, a logarithmic scale regression is presented in addition to an analysis of associations between different categorical variables. To determine this partnership, machine learning techniques have been used with the Big ML program that leads us to conclusions about advance bookings that can be of practical use in the marketing actions of local tourist attraction operators. As a consequence, a good practice own channels drives to get a better results on booking anticipation based on branding techniques of branding: the purpose of tourist marketing is to anticipate the reservations.
This paper provides a theoretical contribution by investigating how digital technologies are currently reshaping the museum value chain in the Infosphere, an information environment where boundaries between the offline and online worlds are rapidly becoming blurred. This study applies Porter’s value chain to museum management to understand (1) how ICTs impact the primary production processes of museums, and (2) how museums are currently relocating in the new emerging environment. The study is conducted through an extensive literature review on museums and digital technologies. The research results identify four approaches to digital transformation: (1) a back-office approach to improve the preservation of cultural heritage; (2) an onsite approach to enhance the quality of the museum experience; (3) an online approach to extend the museum experience beyond museum doors; and (4) an onlife approach based on multisensorial and interactive technologies, LOD and IoT, to create a wider, more accessible and hybrid museum experience.
The term Linked Data refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. These best practices have been adopted by an increasing number of data providers over the last three years, leading to the creation of a global data space containing billions of assertions-the Web of Data. In this article we present the concept and technical principles of Linked Data, and situate these within the broader context of related technological developments. We describe progress to date in publishing Linked Data on the Web, review applications that have been developed to exploit the Web of Data, and map out a research agenda for the Linked Data community as it moves forward.
In this demonstration, we present DBpedia Mobile, a location-centric DBpedia client application for mobile de- vices consisting of a map view and a Fresnel-based Linked Data browser. The DBpedia project extracts structured information from Wikipedia and publishes this informa- tion as Linked Data on the Web. The DBpedia dataset contains information about 2.18 million things, including almost 300,000 geographic locations. DBpedia is interlinked with various other location-related datasets. Based on the current GPS position of a mobile device, DBpedia Mobile renders a map indicating nearby locations from the DBpedia dataset. Starting from this map, users can explore background information about locations and can navigate into interlinked datasets. DBpedia Mobile demonstrates that the DBpedia dataset can serve as a useful starting point to explore the Geospatial Semantic Web using a mobile device.
The threefold motivation for the targeted interdisciplinary convergence that in November 2006 became known as Web Science is: to understand what the Web is, engineer its future and ensure its social benefit. This paper argues that the emergence and integration of data-intensive Web-based eScience and the smart mobile Web should be understood as leveling, extending and intensifying the playing field of a central emancipative thread called Humanism that can be traced throughout history. On the basis of contemporary Digital Humanism, the conversation society and collaboration economy are developing. Given the multi-faceted challenges we face today, a main focal point of Digital Humanism is the triple bottom line denoted by the trinity of people, planet and profit. From the current Decade of Smart on the combined sociological/societal, environmental/ecological and economic (welfare plus well-being) relevance and aim of Digital Humanism will be engineered carefully and rapidly through the alignment of eScience, a deluge of data from all kinds of sources and the smart mobile Web. We therefore introduce a sensible and simple reference model called ESSOFUNC to distinguish between essential, optional, fun and crap applications, as well as to help guide the configuration and tuning of necessary essential (core functionality), optional (functional bridges) and fun (social ergonomics) aspects for individual applications so as to literally "cut the crap." We apply our reference model to a cultural heritage navitainment app, which represents the rise of SMART (the Secure Mobile Application Repositories Trend) on TAFKAP (the Apparatus Formerly Known As Phone). The conclusion is that both smart and fun are key concepts to the successful serious development of Digital Humanism, certainly by means of sensible (mobile) applications. All instances of "smart" that pop up these days, as well as the notion itself, are signs of a new Age of Reason or Rationality coming up, featuring a new Scientific Revolution, a conversation society and a collaboration economy. Building a "smarter planet" this way is non-ideological and driven by necessity.
The term "Linked Data" refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. These best practices have been adopted by an increasing number of data providers over the last three years, leading to the creation of a global data space containing billions of assertions-the Web of Data. In this article, the authors present the concept and technical principles of Linked Data, and situate these within the broader context of related technological developments. They describe progress to date in publishing Linked Data on the Web, review applications that have been developed to exploit the Web of Data, and map out a research agenda for the Linked Data community as it moves forward.
(This partially reprinted article originally appeared in Psychological Review, 1956, Vol 63, 81–97. The following abstract of the original article appeared in PA, Vol 31:2914.) A variety of researches are examined from the standpoint of information theory. It is shown that the unaided observer is severely limited in terms of the amount of information he can receive, process, and remember. However, it is shown that by the use of various techniques, e.g., use of several stimulus dimensions, recoding, and various mnemonic devices, this informational bottleneck can be broken. 20 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
This paper describes ongoing work of a project aimed at exploiting Semantic Web techniques to support searching and annotating large cross-institutional digital-heritage collections. The project demonstrator contains multiple collections and multiple vocabularies. The architecture is fully based on Web standards. We show novel search and presentation techniques which make use of interoperability between the collections and between the vocabularies.
In this article we describe a Semantic Web application for semantic annotation and search in large virtual collections of cultural-heritage objects, indexed with multiple vocabularies. During the annotation phase we harvest, enrich and align collection metadata and vocabularies. The semantic-search facilities support keyword-based queries of the graph (currently 20 M triples), resulting in semantically grouped result clusters, all representing potential semantic matches of the original query. We show two sample search scenario’s. The annotation and search software is open source and is already being used by third parties. All software is based on established Web standards, in particular HTML/XML, CSS, RDF/OWL, SPARQL and JavaScript.
Two digital tourist guides have been developed and tested in real settings. They are both outdoor guides adapted to mobile
phones, - targeting attractions and tourist services within a region and a specific attraction respectively. Aspects related
to simplicity in use, installation procedures, content quality, co-visiting mechanisms, and mechanisms that support links
between physical object and digital content should be accentuated in future digital guides.
Abstract Interpretation of spatial features often requires combined reasoning over geometry and semantics. We introduce the Space package, an open source SWI-Prolog extension that provides spatial indexing capabilities. Together with the existing semantic web reasoning capabilities of SWI-Prolog, this allows efficient integration of spatial and semantic queries and provides an infrastructure for declarative programming with space and semantics. There are few systems that provide indexing and reasoning facilities for both spatial and semantic data. A common solution is to combine separate semantic reasoning and geospatial services. Such loose coupling has the disadvantage that each service cannot make use of the statistics of the other. This makes optimization of such a service-oriented architecture hard. The SWI-Prolog Space and Semantic web packages provide a native Prolog interface to both spatial and semantic indexing and reasoning, which makes it easy to write combined query optimizers. Another advantage of the Space package is that it allows declarative logic programming, which means in practice that you say what you want to compute instead of how to compute it. The actual indexing machinery is encapsulated inside Prolog predicates. In this article we describe the interface of the Space package, compare its functionality to alternative software libraries, and show how to work with it using three example applications. These example illustrations include reasoning over movement patterns, dynamically loading geospatial linked data off the semantic web, and setting up a simple KML server.