Test It: ISONORM 9241/10
Abstract
"ISO 9241: Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs), Part: Dialogue Principles" (1995) is an official is an official international standard and describes seven genrek ergonomic principles, wich are independent of any specific dialogue technique; i.e. they are presented withoutreference to situations of use, applications, environments, or technoloy.
... Analysing the usability of their language, the authors claim that they received good ratings for all questions on five out of seven general ergonomic principles defined in ISO 9241/10 (five questions for each of these principles were defined by Prümper (1999), though the paper does not state whether all of these questions were used). Questions regarding the principle of "suitability for learning" are reported to be neutrally rated. ...
Domain-specific languages (DSLs) are a popular approach among software engineers who demand for a tailored development interface. A DSL-based approach allows to encapsulate the intricacies of the target platform in transformations that turn DSL models into executable software code. Often, DSLs are even claimed to reduce development complexity to a level that allows them to be successfully applied by domain-experts with limited programming knowledge. Recent research has produced some scientifically backed insights on the benefits and limitations of DSLs. Further empirical studies are required to build a sufficient body of knowledge from which support for different claims related to DSLs can be derived. In this research study, we adopt current DSL evaluation approaches to investigate potential gains in terms of effectiveness and efficiency, through the application of our DSL Athos, a language developed for the domain of traffic and transportation simulation and optimisation. We compare Athos to the alternative of using an application library defined within a general-purpose language (GPL). We specified two sets of structurally identical tasks from the domain of vehicle routing problems and asked study groups with differing levels of programming knowledge to solve the tasks with the two approaches. The results show that inexperienced participants achieved considerable gains in effectiveness and efficiency with the usage of Athos DSL. Though hinting at Athos being the more efficient approach, the results were less distinct for more experienced programmers. The vast majority of participants stated to prefer working with Athos over the usage of the presented GPL's API.
Supplementary information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10664-022-10210-whttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-022-10210-w.
... With this questionnaire, we want to investigate the subjective workload users have when using the different user interfaces to define the assembly sequence. Furthermore, to investigate the learnability, we use the corresponding part of the standardized questionnaire for dialogue design [31,32]. The questionnaire is based on the ISONORM 9241/110 and has seven dimensions. ...
Digital human models (DHMs) are virtual representations of human beings. They are used to conduct, among other things, ergonomic assessments in factory layout planning. DHM software tools are challenging in their use and thus require a high amount of training for engineers. In this paper, we present a virtual reality (VR) application that enables engineers to work with DHMs easily. Since VR systems with head-mounted displays (HMDs) are less expensive than CAVE systems, HMDs can be integrated more extensively into the product development process. Our application provides a reality-based interface and allows users to conduct an assembly task in VR and thus to manipulate the virtual scene with their real hands. These manipulations are used as input for the DHM to simulate, on that basis, human ergonomics. Therefore, we introduce a software and hardware architecture, the VATS (virtual action tracking system). This paper furthermore presents the results of a user study in which the VATS was compared to the existing WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointer) interface. The results show that the VATS system enables users to conduct tasks in a significantly faster way.
... The usability was measured using two questionnaires: a general questionnaire on the authoring tool (indicated further on by the name QGAT) and the ISONORM 9241/110-S Evaluation Questionnaire (Prumper, 1999). Both questionnaires used a 5-point scale. ...
The use of 3D and Virtual Reality is gaining interest in the context of academic discussions on E-learning technologies. However, the use of 3D for learning environments also has drawbacks. One way to overcome these drawbacks is by having an adaptive learning environment, i.e., an environment that dynamically adapts to the learner and the activities that he performs in the environment. In this paper, the authors discuss adaptive 3D virtual leaning environments and explain how a course author can specify such an environment (i.e., authoring). The approach and tool that the authors present allow authors to create adaptive 3D virtual learning environments without the need to be an expert in 3D or using programming or scripting languages. The authors also conducted an evaluation to validate the approach and the usability and acceptability of the authoring tool. Based on the results, recommendations for authoring adaptive 3D virtual learning environments have been formulated.
... See [36]. The user interface evaluation was done using the standard questionnaire ISONORM 9241/110 [37] with four users. The prototype scored an ISONORM value of 103.8 points, which reflects good usability. ...
... • Permitir a inserção de objetos 3D de acordo com a necessidade do usuário. 6 Conjunto de normas que permite avaliar a capacidade de um sistema interativo de oferecer a seu usuário a possibilidade de realizar tarefas de maneira eficaz e agradável [11]. ...
This work presents an application of Augmented Reality, for visualization and manipulation of three phase induction motor for educational purposes. The display of motors such is the interior of is not a trivial task, since most of then are closed. This prevents the study of their internal parts for better understanding. In this work, a motor may be dis-played, with the use of Augmented Reality, allowing mani-pulation and interaction in 3D.
In the previous chapter, we argued that user-centred activities can be seamlessly integrated into existing software engineering approaches and illustrated some of them in context. In this chapter we would like to explore 8 user-centred techniques in more detail. We are confident that this selection provides the reader with a comprehensive range of tools for developing highly useful products in a range of different situations.
Business contexts represent a big challenge for software development, specifically in terms of finding a balance between business goals and user goals. The users of a business application are forced to use it as part of their jobs. It would be beneficial to their motivation, their health, and their performance if the software they use were not only functional in the sense that the job can be done with it, but that doing the job would be a pleasure for them. The challenge is in engineering intrinsic aspects into the product in a systematic way and finding a decent equilibrium between the right numbers of functional aspects and hedonic aspects. If an ideal balance is achieved between these elements, the software can support the achievement of the expected results for the company and also generate a positive user experience (UX) for its users. In this chapter, we discuss the definition and structure of business and user goals and their mutual relationships in the work environment. We also present an integrated software development approach that allows engineers to build this bridge between business and users goals as well asa case study in which this approach was successfully applied.
A usability evaluation based on international standards can be a challenging task. There is a large number of
(potentially) useful standard documents and the theoretical knowledge represented by these sources has to be translated into practical solutions. As a part of a European project our approach enables involved end users to find appropriate usability standards for evaluating specific technologies. As a consequence a technology can be assessed regarding its current context of use and intended goals which are best known by the end users themselves. To make this possible, several standards were categorized using a decision tree. Additionally a scoring system was developed that rates these documents with respect to their clarity and applicability. To reduce the gap between theory and practice, additional information on how to use a specific document is provided.
In future air traffic scenarios, remotely piloted aircraft systems are likely to play an increasingly important role. A major use case and subject of research is loss of command and control data link. Therefore, a novel engineering solution is described, which makes use of knowledge-based information processing methods for the implementation of higher cognitive functions in an artificial agent. This agent shall be integrated aboard the airborne vehicle and shall work in a cooperative relationship with the human pilot on the ground for his or her support. With the provision of functional redundancy in flight guidance and mission management related decision-making the overall system safety shall be improved. The article captures the whole development process of the agent including concept, requirements definition, system design, implementation and evaluation. The interactions between the human and the cognitive agent are discussed and the necessity to augment the conventional human-machine interface is deduced. A scenario-based usability study with a group of pilots in addition to real flight tests to evaluate the developed system is described. In addition, considerations on certifiability of such an artificial cognitive associate system are presented.
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