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Personal Identity and the Self in the Online and Offline World
Abstract and Figures
The emergence of social networking sites has created a problem of how the self is to be understood in the online world. As these sites are social, they relate someone with others in a network. Thus there seems to emerge a new kind of self which exists in the online world. Accounting for the online self here also has implications on how the self in the outside world should be understood. It is argued that, as the use of online social media has become more widespread, the line between the two kinds of self is becoming fuzzier. Furthermore, there seems to be a fusion between the online and the offline selves, which reflects the view that reality itself is informational. Ultimately speaking, both kinds of selves do not have any essence, i.e., any characteristic inherent to them that serves to show that these selves are what they are and none other. Instead an externalist account of the identity of the self is offered that locates the identity in question in the self’s relations with other selves as well as other events and objects. This account can both be used to explain the nature of the self both in the online and the offline worlds.
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... This angle has been less developed in this journal. Attention is a major key element in Buddhist philosophy and practice, and its insights already have been successfully applied to the study of societal aspects of AI (Hershock, 2021;Hongladarom, 2011;McGuire, 2016;Lin, 2023;Zheng, 2024;Tormen, 2023). Our criticism of the attention economy can also benefit from comparing a popular view of Buddhist attention as 'non-judgmental letting go' with a more integrated Buddhist view of attention as part of a moral 'ecology' (in the sense of embedded relationality) and aimed at 'attending' (as committed action to the alleviation of avoidable suffering) rather than at personal gratification Hadar & Ergas, 2019;Hermann, 2023). ...
As the signatories of this manifesto, we denounce the attention economy as inhumane and a threat to our sociopolitical and ecological well-being. We endorse policymakers' efforts to address the negative consequences of the attention economy's technology, but add that these approaches are often limited in their criticism of the systemic context of human attention. Starting from Buddhist philosophy, we advocate a broader approach: an ecology of attending, that centers on conceptualizing, designing, and using attention (1) in an embedded way and (2) focused on the alleviating of suffering. With 'embedded' we mean that attention is not a neutral, isolated mechanism but a meaning-engendering part of an 'ecology' of bodily, sociotechnical and moral frameworks. With 'focused on the alleviation of suffering' we explicitly move away from the (often implicit) conception of attention as a tool for gratifying desires.
This study examines the dynamics of social media usage among adolescents in Serbia, focusing on their usage habits, affective experiences and communication preferences. The data were obtained by an online survey of 391 adolescents (63.9% girls; M age = 16.09, SD = 1.36) at the beginning of 2023. Through questionnaire data analysis and qualitative content analysis, we explore the adolescents' engagement with various social media platforms, highlighting Instagram as their predominant choice. Through the investigation of the nuanced perspectives on online versus face-to-face communication, the study reveals that, while online communication offers practicality and efficiency, face-to-face interaction is valued for its emotional depth and transparency. The results on the frequency of use and the activities on Social Network Sites (SNSs), as well as on the accompanying affective experiences, indicate that, among the adolescents in our sample, we can distinguish among three groups of SNSs users: "SNS Balancers", "SNS Enthusiasts" and "SNS Ambivalents". Each cluster exhibits unique patterns of SNSs usage and affective experiences, highlighting the diverse ways in which adolescents interact with online platforms. The research thus underscores the need for nuanced longitudinal investigations into adolescent online behaviour, suggesting potential avenues for future exploration.
Technological advances have brought a revolution in communication, which in turn has influenced many aspects of personal relationships. According to the literature, young adults utilize the newest technological means in their communications and sexting has become a frequent means of sexual communication in romantic relationships. On the one hand, sexting is captured as a tremendous concern due to its possible negative effects on individual and relational level, but on the other, it is seen as part of normal sexual development which could also promote partners' sexuality and satisfaction. The aim of this chapter is to build on the existing literature to explore the determinants of sexting, as well as the effects of sexting on romantic relationships, by focusing on young university adults. The chapter will conclude with implications for education, clinical practice, and policy, which could facilitate practitioners' work, as well as others who directly and indirectly relate to young university students.
Main purpose of the study was to explore the involvement of youth of Lahore city with virtual identities by using technique of survey as tool of data collection. The study targeted youth having age group between 18 to 24 years both males and females. The findings of the study showed that majority of female respondents in age group 21-24 are fascinated with virtual world. Statistical test chi-square was applied for testing the hypothesis. The results establish that one’s personality in terms of the individuality, personal traits; interaction with real friends is being affected.
The digitisation of modern societies has brought about an increasing interest in communication among Internet users. In this sense, talking about, as well as assessing communication, has become a common trend in, among others, experience-based online consumer reviews. When it comes to platforms such as BlaBlaCar, the importance given to conversations is expressed even in its name. Against this backdrop, this study examines the metapragmatic comments and labels found in 1000 Spanish online reviews with a positive bias, extracted from www.BlaBlaCar.es. The aim is twofold: firstly, to examine the ways in which users describe their past communicative or relational carpooling experiences; and secondly, to explore the extent to which metapragmatic comments can inform about the users’ identity (Bucholtz & Hall, Discourse Studies 7:585–614, 2005), and the discursive processes that enact those identities. The findings reveal that the metapragmatic comments found in BlaBlaCar reviews are highly informative of users’ identities. Users construct and verify the drivers’ and their own identities by means of, mainly, processes of adequation and authentication (Bucholtz & Hall, Discourse Studies 7:585–614, 2005), but also by shifting language style and interactional footing, adopting epistemic orientations and positioning themselves as part of specific gender groups.
In this article we employ an Interpretative Phenomenological Approach to explore online immediacy from an existential-ethical perspective. While existing literature already accounts for the socio-cultural and psychological impact of constant connectivity, we venture to reveal its underlying existential-ethical implications. Our findings show the often contradictory ways in which young adults cope with the allure of immediate-aesthetic experiences on the one hand, and the challenge of authentic self-development on the other. Ultimately, we advocate for a transformative shift in which online practices are brought in alignment (are relativized) with an existential-ethical view of life. Drawing on Kierkegaard’s existential philosophy of the self, this article underscores the need to transcend the superficiality of immediacy to foster an authentic journey of being and becoming a self in a social environment that is increasingly mediated by online media technologies.
Новітні цифрові інтернет-технології уможливлюють конструювання та реконструювання різних моделей ідентичності у віртуальному просторі. Метою статті є дослідження особливостей конструювання та реконструювання ідентичності кіберпокоління в інтернет-середовищі. Методологія. У роботі здійснено аналіз досліджень вітчизняних та зарубіжних психологів щодо особливостей становлення ідентичності індивіда в інтернет-середовищі. Розглянуто поняття конструювання та реконструювання ідентичності у віртуальному просторі. Конструювання ідентичності у віртуальному просторі визначено як динамічний процес створення індивідом образу «онлайн Я», реконструювання – як вибудовування онлайн-ідентичності, відмінної від реальної, а також як внесення змін до створеного онлайн «образу Я». Узагальнено стратегії і технології конструювання та реконструювання ідентичності кіберпокоління в інтернет-середовищі. Охарактеризовано стратегії конструювання ідеального «образу Я», створення різних облікових профілів, технології компіляції стратегічної самопрезентації, оманливої самопрезентації, самоспостереження. У статті проаналізовано результати емпіричного дослідження особливостей конструювання та реконструювання інтернет-ідентичності представниками учнівської та студентської молоді. Встановлено: переважна більшість респондентів переконані, що поведінка людини в Інтернеті інша, ніж у реальному житті; ідентифікувати людину в інтернет-середовищі лише за створеним онлайн-образом – проблематично. Наукова новизна. Доведено, що опосередкована взаємодія користувачів у віртуальному просторі Інтернету зумовлює стратегії конструювання та реконструювання ідентичності кіберпокоління. Висновки. У віртуальному інтернет-середовищі процес конструювання ідентичності більш гнучкий і варіативний. Користувачі мають широке поле для компілювання «онлайн образу Я», його презентації та коригування. Динамічні зміни конфігурації визначальних характеристик користувача, реконструювання онлайн-образу, уможливлює появу варіативної, розмитої, множинної ідентичності у віртуальному просторі, що впливає на становлення та розвиток ідентичності у реальному вимірі.
This article investigates the concept of personal branding via digital platforms and its influence on Moroccan women's empowerment. By leveraging social networks, Moroccan women have cultivated a distinct digital identity, which helped them establish lucrative online businesses, leading to financial autonomy. Employing a feminist approach, we analyzed data collected from a sample of five prominent Moroccan bloggers and influencers, whose effective personal branding in social media drives them to "stand out from the crowd", transgress into the male-dominated digital world, overcome the predetermined gender stereotypes, and set up a self-made career. The research explores how these women have created and marketed their personal brands, examining the strategies and processes that have contributed to their online success. Through a qualitative content analysis and a quantitative assessment of the reception and prospects of female blogging in Morocco, the study uncovers the empowering effects of personal branding on women's confidence, visibility , and economic independence. The findings emphasised the transformative potential of personal branding to enhance women's self-esteem, challenge societal norms, and create new possibilities for gender equality within the on-line sphere. Ultimately, the study contributes to gender studies literature by examining personal branding through a gender-centric lens and highlighting its benefits for women's personal, social, and economic well-being.
Introduction Part I: Theoretical Foundations 1. The Elements of Epistemology 2. Skepticism 3. Knowledge 4. Justification: A Rule Framework 5. Justification and Reliability 6. Problem Solving, Power, and Speed 7. Truth and Realism 8. The Problem of Content Part II: Assessing Our Cognitive Resources 9. Perception 10. Memory 11. Constraints on Representation 12. Internal Codes 13. Deductive Reasoning 14. Probability judgments 15. Acceptance and Uncertainty 16. Belief Updating 17. Production Systems and Second-Order Processes Conclusion: Primary Epistemics and Cognitive Science Notes Illustration Credits Author Index Subject Index
Preface 1. Personal identity and individuation 2. Personal identity and bodily continuity 3. Imagination and the self 4. The self and the future 5. Are persons bodies? 6. The Makropulos case: reflections on the tedium of immortality 7. Strawson on individuals 8. Knowledge and meaning in the philosophy of mind 9. Deciding to believe 10. Imperative inference 11. Ethical consistency 12. Consistency and realism 13. Morality and the emotions 14. The idea of equality 15. Egoism and altruism Bibliography.
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