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A reference framework following a proactive approach for Product Lifecycle Management
Abstract
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) has been identified as a key concept within manufacturing industries for improving product quality, time-to-market and costs. Previous works on this field are focused on processes, functions and information models, and those aimed at putting more intelligence on products are related to specific parts of the product lifecycle (e.g. supply chain management, shop floor control). Therefore, there is a lack of a holistic approach to PLM, putting more intelligence on products through the complete lifecycle. In this paper, a PLM framework supported by a proactive approach based on intelligent agents is proposed. The developed model aims at being a first step toward a reference framework for PLM, and complements past works on both product information and business process models (BPM), by putting proactivity on product's behavior. An example of an instantiation of the reference framework is presented as a case study.
... The research of [23], targets the development of a knowledge engineering multi-agent system integrated into a PLM environment linked with virtual reality tools. In [24], a PLM framework supported by a proactive approach based on intelligent agents was proposed. The paper [25] describes the process and various details of developing the semantic object model into an ontology using OWL-DL. ...
... A collaborative design for usability approach Extract and reuse engineering knowledge, design for usability, and virtual prototype testing Improve ergonomics and collaborative design in industrial areas [24], 2011 ...
... X= [8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28] Y=[] # result list for x in X: # for each value l_=x # change the value of the parameter (l_ is a global variable) Y.append(run()) # add result to list ...
The PLM concept implies the use of heterogeneous information resources at different stages of the product life cycle, the joint work of which allows you to effectively solve the problems of product quality and various costs. According to the principle of isomorphism of regularities of complex systems, an effective PLM system must have these regularities. Unfortunately, this principle is not often fundamental when designing PLM systems. The purpose of the work is to show, using a simple example, the principles of development, operation and use of an educational multi-agent PLM system, the main purpose of which is to study and research these regularities in the life cycle of a special threaded connection. The multi-agent approach to the development of a PLM system provides the necessary prerequisites for the emergence of system-wide regularities in it. The parallel work of agents is implemented using the actor model and the Ray Python-package. Agents for the logical inference of knowledge base facts, CAD/FEA/CAM/SCADA agents, agents for optimization by various methods, and other agents have been developed. Open source software was used to develop the system. Each agent has relatively simple behavior, implemented by its rule function, and can interact with other agents. The system can work in interactive mode with the user or in automatic mode according to a simple algorithm: the rule functions of all agents are executed until at least one of them returns a value other than None. Examples of the operation of the system are given and such system-wide regularities as emergence, historicity and self-organization are demonstrated in it.
... It could be implied that the PLM can be used as a central agency dealing with other software tools being used for product design and realization (Li et al., 2007;Lau, 2011). Although there has been a focus for aligning critical business processes such as New Product Development (NPD) through PLM (Marchetta et al., 2011;Schuh et al., 2008;Kalluri and Kodali, 2014). The NPD initiatives are crucial ones and need integration across different stakeholders (Marchetta et al., 2011). ...
... Although there has been a focus for aligning critical business processes such as New Product Development (NPD) through PLM (Marchetta et al., 2011;Schuh et al., 2008;Kalluri and Kodali, 2014). The NPD initiatives are crucial ones and need integration across different stakeholders (Marchetta et al., 2011). ...
... The collaborative environment is one of the key features provided by PLM (Sharma, 2005;Danesi et al., 2008;Segonds et al., 2012Segonds et al., , 2016Li et al., 2016). The information at different levels is viewed with different approaches, e.g. an approach of managing the different views by manipulating product data helps achieve a collaborative environment (Bouikni et al., 2008;Kim et al., 2010;Marchetta et al., 2011). Visualization, adoption of 3D modeling tools, incorporating innovation through PLM and collaborating with numerous business processes have been explored by the researchers (Vezzetti, 2009;Ortega et al., 2017;Donoghue et al., 2019). ...
Purpose
The Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) system has found varieties of deployments in various domains of product-based industries. Current study aims to provide a framework for the adoption of PLM systems in manufacturing organizations to meet the actual requirements of industries.
Design/methodology/approach
First, a systematic review of extant literature was performed, and further, the case study approach is opted to study the process of New Product Development (NPD) in a manufacturing organization. Triangulation methodology was adopted wherein the interview results, actual observations, and authorized documentations were used to validate the result and provide conclusions.
Findings
A conceptual framework and implementation architecture for PLM is derived. The complete ecosystem for digital footprint is mapped for New Product Development (NPD) activities.
Practical implications
The study could be helpful for Techno-Functional Managers. For individuals with only functional/technical knowledge, additional training might be required to adopt the framework in actual practices.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to the existing literature by providing a framework and demonstrating the feasibility of implementation through the case study.
... Marchetta et al. proposed a framework for Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) [27], which aims to put more intelligence on products through the complete lifecycle. The objective of PLM is management of product information along its complete lifecycle providing a holistic and generic (i.e. ...
... The presented data-driven framework (ref. Fig. 2) is based on the reference framework of product lifecycle management (Marchetta et al. [27]) and the conceptual framework for product lifecycle modelling (Shu et al [28]). Components of the proposed framework are Product lifecycle; Acquired data; Analysis methods; and Business services. ...
... Product life cycle, primarily called the product information model [27] is the battery cell information that is available throughout the lifecycle of a battery (bottom part of Fig. 2). It includes details extending from raw materials (material extraction) to the end of life stage of a battery cell (material recovery or reuse). ...
Advanced battery cells and modules are increasingly used in a variety of applications. Tracking the state of a cell along the product life cycle and in the consecutive life cycles poses a big challenge to the current battery manufacturing industry and OEMs. This is due to diverse types of influencing factors coming from raw materials, manufacturing, usage, product integration and end of life. The goal of this paper is to develop a framework that provides the capacity to survey and assess relevant data at different stages of a battery life cycle. Here we show a data driven framework for data acquisition of relevant product life cycle information. The acquired data is then handled within a data architecture for application of effective data analytics concepts. In our results, we demonstrate how the framework can be implemented for end of life of battery management. The framework focuses on making the information from each life cycle stage available to decision makers for application of possible data analytics concepts. Such organized processing of battery life cycle data can assist in the development of new business models and improvement of existing battery technologies and services.
... Digital and virtual manufacturing are co-related with PLM technology (Silva et al. 2015). PLM systems integrate remote data lying in different systems across the organisation (Marchetta, Mayer, and Forradellas 2011). Xin and Ojanen (2017) studied the impact of digitisation to manage the different lifecycle stages of products and discussed how time to market could be reduced in the beginning phases, followed by cost reduction in the middle phases and quality improvements in the later stages of product lifecycles. ...
... Organisational Culture Ameri and Dutta (2005), Rangan et al. (2005), Grieves (2006), Marchetta, Mayer, and Forradellas (2011), Ashja, Moghadam, and Bidram (2015) and Singh and Misra (2018a) S14 ...
... Interoperability among all systems Rachuri et al. (2008), Terzi et al. (2010), Marchetta, Mayer, and Forradellas (2011) and Singh and Misra (2018a) S17 ...
The present study has been undertaken with the purpose of investigating the critical success factors for the implementation of product lifecycle management (PLM) systems in manufacturing companies. Two exploratory case-based studies were conducted followed by a generalised study to establish the critical success factors for PLM systems’ implementation in manufacturing firms. Hybrid multi-criteria decision-making methods were employed to identify the causal factors and prioritise them for the implementation of PLM systems in an automotive and aerospace firm. The priority of the factors has also been confirmed by executives from broader PLM domain through a confirmatory t-test. The identified critical success factors can be utilised as directive guidelines by manufacturing organisations for the successful implementation of PLM systems. Most researchers have studied only the technological aspects of PLM, while very few have discussed the success factors to PLM implementation. The present study is highlighting PLM as a management concept, supporting PLM systems implementation in organisations, and discussing the critical success factors for effective PLM systems implementation.
... The research of [23], targets the development of a knowledge engineering multi-agent system integrated into a PLM environment linked with virtual reality tools. In [24], a PLM framework supported by a proactive approach based on intelligent agents was proposed. The paper [25] describes the process and various details of developing the semantic object model into an ontology using OWL-DL. ...
... X= [8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28] Y=[] # result list for x in X: # for each value l_=x # change the value of the parameter (l_ is a global variable) Y.append(run()) # add result to list ...
The PLM concept implies the use of heterogeneous information resources at different stages of the product life cycle, the joint work of which allows the user to effectively solve the problems of product quality and various costs. According to the principle of isomorphism of complex systems’ regularities, an effective PLM system must have these regularities. Unfortunately, this principle is not often fundamental when designing PLM systems. The purpose of this paper is to develop principles, based on the general theory of systems, for the design, operation and use of PLM systems and the implementation on their basis of the educational framework of a PLM system for threaded connections with the possibility of its effective development, research and study. The multi-agent approach to the development of a PLM system provides the necessary prerequisites for the emergence of system-wide regularities in it. The parallel work of agents is implemented using the actor model and the Ray Python-package. Agents for the logical inference of knowledge base facts, CAD/FEA/CAM/SCADA agents, agents for optimization by various methods, and other agents have been developed. Open-source software was used to develop the system. Each agent has relatively simple behavior, implemented by its rule function, and can interact with other agents. The system can work in interactive mode with the user or in automatic mode according to a simple algorithm: the rule functions of all agents are executed until at least one of them returns a value other than None. Examples of the system operation are given and system-wide regularities such as emergence, historicity and self-organization are demonstrated in it.
... Finally, Representation is related to products shape and size. (Xu, Gupta, Yao, Gruninger, & Sriram, 2005), Embedded System Model (Zha, Fenves, & Sriram, 2005), Heterogeneous Material Model (Biswas, Fenves, Shapiro, & Sriram, 2007), Reverse Engineering Model (Belkadi, Guyot, & Troussier, 2012), Manufacturing Process Planning Information Model and Product Logistics Information Model (Marchetta et al., 2011) and DesignModel (Devanathan & Ramani, 2011). Figure 4 -Product meta-model MOKA (Stokes, 2001). ...
... The class ProcessPlan can be found in the CPM extension Manufacturing Process Planning Information Model (Marchetta, Mayer, & Forradellas, 2011). Nevertheless, the meaning here is wider, it shows the sequence of manufacturing operations and equally the logistics between them. ...
To increase integration of environmental expertise in design process, the present work aims to explore the information exchange matter. More precisely, the research question addressed is: what is the product outcome when different sets of information from the design process are given to the environmental expert?The development of this dissertation covers, first, the representation of product development information from the point of view of the environmental expert. Second, this baseline information is used to create an environmental expert role in the context of a design simulation. Based on this simulation, three sets of information are tested: specifications; specifications plus rules of thumb; and “all design exchanges” (i.e. the expert joins the design team). The comparison of the 3 levels of information reveals, among other results, that: in a context where the environmental expert is disconnected form the design team, and, in which rules of thumb are presented, the expert is less focused on reducing the environmental impact. Nevertheless, he is more concerned with the overall feasibility of the house. This is not the case of an integrated context, which results in the best compromise between feasibility and environmental performance
... In the 1980s, several enterprise solutions were introduced, such as product data management (PDM) systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), and supply chain management (SCM), which were all dependent on products' master data and related product information but which focused on different products' lifecycle processes (Ameri & Dutta, 2005); this caused data silos (Aiken, 2016;Hannila et al., 2019;Jetson & Nelis, 2008;Kumar Das & Mishra, 2011) and made information sharing complicated and demanding (Madenas et al., 2014). The product lifecycle management (PLM) paradigm, introduced in the early 1990s (Ameri & Dutta, 2005;Stark, 2016), was identified as one of the key concepts aimed to improve product quality, time-to-market, and costs within manufacturing industries (Marchetta et al., 2011;Saaksvuori & Immonen, 2008;Stark, 2016). The 1990s was also the decade when data warehouses (DWs) and related best practices emerged (Mousa & Shiratuddin, 2015;Thusoo & Sarma, 2017), and the original purpose of DWs was to help organisations in accounting by processing financial data. ...
... The data schema in a data lake is decided when the data is read, loaded, or written, which make it flexible related to any raw data, and the data need not be curated before processing it (Thusoo & Sarma, 2017). Thus, data lakes also provide a platform for experimental data collected in various databases by several departments of the company during the product lifecycle, which has previously caused several issues (Borgia et al., 2015) such as interoperability, redundant information exchanges, and interconnecting systems in all lifecycle stages (Hannila et al., 2019;Marchetta et al., 2011). ...
The objective is to conceptualise data-driven and fact-based product portfolio management (PPM). The study examines how PPM process is internalised in companies and proposes a concept that covers all PPM performance management areas (strategic fit, value maximisation, and portfolio balance) to transform profitability analysis from company-level to product-level. The study is founded by focusing on PPM process and other key business processes, data-driven decision-making, company data assets, and business information technology (IT). The findings highlight how the strategic role of PPM process and related targets and key performance indicators must be internalised before adjusting business IT to utilise data assets for data-driven, fact-based PPM. The means for a data-driven approach are provided by the effective connection of the PPM process, company-widely governed data assets, and business IT systems to realise their full potential for fact-based decision-making over lifecycle. New contribution relates to introducing a technology-independent concept for data-driven, fact-based PPM. ARTICLE HISTORY
... In most existing multi-agent architectures, PAs use rule-based reasoning to make decisions in a manufacturing system [29,59,71,76,80,106,116,120]. While rule-based reasoning is a viable control strategy, it is difficult to scale this approach to a large, complex manufacturing system with numerous constraints and incorporate flexible decision making algorithms to improve the performance of the agent. ...
... These four multi-agent system-level architectures (PROSA, PABADIS, ADMARMS, and ADACOR) focus on developing the required agents and the necessary communication to effectively control manufacturing systems. Some more examples and implementations of system-level multi-agent architectures with PAs can be found in [63,76,80,106,116]. Since the focus of these architectures is to construct all of the agents in the system, the decision making of specific agents (e.g. the PA) is usually rule-based reasoning. ...
The current manufacturing paradigm is shifting toward more flexible manufacturing systems that produce highly personalized products, adapt to unexpected disturbances in the system, and readily integrate new manufacturing system technology. However, to achieve this type of flexibility, new system-level control strategies must be developed, tested, and integrated to coordinate the components on the shop floor. One strategy that has been previously proposed to coordinate the resources and parts in a manufacturing system is multi-agent control. The manufacturing multi-agent control strategy consists of agents that interface with the various components on the shop floor and continuously interact with each other to drive the behavior of the manufacturing system. Two of the most important decision-making agents for this type of control strategy are product agents and resource agents. A product agent represents a single product and a resource agent represents a single resource on the plant floor. The objective of a product agent is to make decisions for an individual product and request operations from the resource agents based on manufacturer and customer specifications. A resource agent is the high-level controller for a resource on the shop floor (e.g., machines, material-handling robots, etc.). A resource agent communicates with other product and resource agents in the system, fulfills product agent requests, and interfaces with the associated resource on the plant floor. While both product agents and resource agents are important to ensure effective performance of the manufacturing system, the work presented in this dissertation improves the intelligence and capabilities of product agents by providing a standardized product agent architecture, models to capture the dynamics and constraints of the manufacturing environment, and methods to make improved decisions in a dynamic system. New methods to explore the manufacturing system and cooperate with other agents in the system are provided. The proposed architecture, models, and methods are tested in a simulated manufacturing environment and in several manufacturing testbeds with physical components. The results of these experiments showcase the improved flexibility and adaptability of this approach. In these experiments, the model-based product agent effectively makes decisions to meet its production requirements, while responding to unexpected disturbances in the system, such as machine failures or new customer orders. The model-based product agent proposed in this dissertation pushes the fields of manufacturing and system-level control closer to realizing the goals of increased personalized production and improved manufacturing system flexibility.
... PLM manages both individual products and the product portfolio, the collection of all of a company's products." Product lifecycle management (PLM) has been identified as one of the key concepts that can support the aims to improve product quality, time-to-market and costs within manufacturing industries (Sriti et al., 2015;Marchetta et al., 2011;Saaksvuori and Immonen, 2008). The PLM is simply necessary to master the definition of existing products, to further design product functionalities and to ensure efficient product deliveries, maintenance, and support (Saaksvuori and Immonen, 2008). ...
... Also, experimental data with a different format in various databases are collected by several company departments during the product lifecycle (Borgia et al., 2015). However, this has caused several issues, such as interoperability, redundant information exchanges, and interconnecting systems in all lifecycle stages (Marchetta et al., 2011;Sriti et al., 2015). ...
... PLM manages both individual products and the product portfolio, the collection of all of a company's products." Product lifecycle management (PLM) has been identified as one of the key concepts that can support the aims to improve product quality, time-to-market and costs within manufacturing industries (Sriti et al., 2015;Marchetta et al., 2011;Saaksvuori and Immonen, 2008). The PLM is simply necessary to master the definition of existing products, to further design product functionalities and to ensure efficient product deliveries, maintenance, and support (Saaksvuori and Immonen, 2008). ...
... Also, experimental data with a different format in various databases are collected by several company departments during the product lifecycle (Borgia et al., 2015). However, this has caused several issues, such as interoperability, redundant information exchanges, and interconnecting systems in all lifecycle stages (Marchetta et al., 2011;Sriti et al., 2015). ...
... Introduction Product lifecycle management (PLM) environments have been growing over the years to be a kind of master data storages since the PLM paradigm established in the early 90s, and since the related product data management (PDM) and PLM system launches (Stark 2016; Ameri and Dutta 2005). PLM has been identified as one of the key concepts that can support the aims to improve product quality, time-to-market and costs within manufacturing industries (Marchetta et al. 2011;Saaksvuori and Immonen 2008). The PLM is simply necessary to master the definition of existing products, to further design product functionalities and to ensure efficient product deliveries, maintenance, and support (Saaksvuori and Immonen 2008). ...
... Also, experimental data with a different format in various databases are collected by several departments of the company during the product lifecycle (Borgia et al. 2015). However, this has caused several issues, such as interoperability, redundant information exchanges, and interconnecting systems in all lifecycle stages (Marchetta et al. 2011). Silvola et al. 2018). ...
... In our data base existed many studies that have used AI technology; such us Genetic Algorithms [32], [38], [54], [65], [70], [71], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80] , Particle swarm optimization [35], [46], [63], SMART algorithm [34], [81], Nearest neighbor [62], [82] , Artificial immune system algorithm [83], [84], ANN (Artificial Neural networks) [65], [85], GNN (Graph Neural Networks) [86], Neural networks [87], Hybrid Technique [45], Ant colony optimization [69], SVM (Support vector machine) [88], Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Networks [89], Artificial WD [96], DN (Dimensionality Reduction) [52], C4.5 algorithm [73], Kalman filter [90], Clustering [91], Adaptive tabu search (ATS) algorithm [99], Decision tree [94], Bayesian [85], Particle swarm intelligence [92], Regression trees [93], Bioinspired algorithms [95], Multi-objective artificial bee colony [96], Intelligent agent [100], Intelligent optimization algorithms [30], Association rule mining [98], and Ant colony [67], [101]. ...
Due to industrialization and globalization, supply chains (SC) have become more and more in need of artificial intelligence (AI), which has sparked conversations on how to use it to improve SC performance globally. Using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, this study provides a thorough examination of the trends, gaps, and knowledge structure in the literature on AI in SC. Scientific mapping was used to summarize 140 important publications published between 1998 and 2022. Publication years, attribution, journal co-citations, partnerships between countries and institutions, significant papers, related keywords, and historical study groups were all included in the bibliographic analysis. A thematic categorization of the data produced 22 sub-branches of AI application in SC that are covered in five domains: environment, planning and risk management, SC areas, technology, logistics and transportation, and planning and environment. The study identifies current knowledge gaps and recommends future research directions due to limited international cooperation and inadequate platforms for advancing technology research. these findings aid academics and practitioners by providing a coherent intellectual outlook on AI's involvement in SC.
... Improve product cost, time to market, and quality, for instance Refs. [22,23], in sectors supported by proactive strategies. Industries must acknowledge and comprehend employees' behaviors and feelings in order to establish a workplace where proactive people will be helpful [5]. ...
Purpose:
The fascinating topic of work design was demonstrated by academics using work characteristics. There is still much to learn about proactive behavior in contemporary organizations. In this study, proactive behavior was linked to workplace features using a variety of metrics and a motivational state as a mediator.
Methodology:
In order to accomplish this, survey research was the writers' favored technique. 279 respondents provided self-reporting information and supervisory assessments, from which we acquired data. The analysis was done using the SMART PLS software.
Conclusion:
The authors arrive at this conclusion after determining that task, knowledge, and contextual factors were most likely linked to proactive employee behavior; social traits and proactive behavior, however, were indirectly related. When it comes to the association between work qualities (task, knowledge, and contextual factors), the motivated state only partially mediates the relationship while it entirely mediates the relationship between social features and proactive behavior. We encourage further investigation to bolster our findings and broaden our model by discovering additional employee outcomes connected to pro-active behavior and social traits.
Originality/value:
The whole relationship between work characteristics and proactive behavior had not been fully explored in other studies. As a result, our research made tremendous progress in our knowledge of how workplace traits and a variety of proactive behaviors connect to motivation.
... Improve product cost, time to market, and quality, for instance Refs. [22,23], in sectors supported by proactive strategies. Industries must acknowledge and comprehend employees' behaviors and feelings in order to establish a workplace where proactive people will be helpful [5]. ...
Purpose: The fascinating topic of work design was demonstrated by academics using work characteristics. There is still much to learn about proactive behavior in contemporary organizations. In this study, proactive behavior was linked to workplace features using a variety of metrics and a motivational state as a mediator. Methodology: In order to accomplish this, survey research was the writers' favored technique. 279 respondents provided self-reporting information and supervisory assessments, from which we acquired data. The analysis was done using the SMART PLS software. Conclusion: The authors arrive at this conclusion after determining that task, knowledge, and contextual factors were most likely linked to proactive employee behavior; social traits and proactive behavior, however, were indirectly related. When it comes to the association between work qualities (task, knowledge, and contextual factors), the motivated state only partially mediates the relationship while it entirely mediates the relationship between social features and proactive behavior. We encourage further investigation to bolster our findings and broaden our model by discovering additional employee outcomes connected to pro-active behavior and social traits. Originality/value: The whole relationship between work characteristics and proactive behavior had not been fully explored in other studies. As a result, our research made tremendous progress in our knowledge of how workplace traits and a variety of proactive behaviors connect to motivation.
... First, during the last decade, the increasing growth of embedded technologies (e.g., RFID, WIFI or NFC) and the research works in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) have allowed the development of intelligent or "active" products (IP), able to interact with their environment during their total lifecycle [2,3]. ...
... Accordingly, the selection of PLM systems and their solution provider plays a vital role in successful PLM implementation [9], [14]. The technical success factors for PLM implementations have been identified as updated IT infrastructure [9], [14], [49], data security [9], [14], [52], and interoperability among existing systems [14], [21], [53]. During a PLM implementation project, apart from risk management [9], [14], [51], project monitoring [9], [14], [54], leadership and commitment [9], [14], [55], knowledge sharing from previous experiences [9], [14], [15], training and education, organizational culture, and complete business process re-engineering [9], [14], [15], [55] are listed as relevant and essential success factors. ...
In this article, we aim to investigate the variables that may impact the institutionalization of product lifecycle management (PLM) in manufacturing firms. Considering the technology-task fit model, technology-to-performance chain model, and technology acceptance model, we have proposed the conceptual model to investigate PLM's diffusion level in organizations. The proposed conceptual model has been validated in the case of Indian manufacturing firms by PLM experienced practitioners. This article proves the complementary effect of PLM institutionalization along with the implementation of PLM systems to get the best of PLM offerings. Many manufacturing companies have already implemented PLM systems but are not able to realize the benefits due to the lack of its usage. This article shows that the institutionalization of PLM technologies is not only dependent upon technology acceptance and utilization by the individuals but also on other variables responsible for effective implementation.
... Research on the integration of ERP and external resources is gaining more and more attention. [34][35][36][37][38] Ruivo et al. 37 stated that ERP systems support day-to-day business operations; however, it is worth considering that integrated ERP and CRM can communicate with customers and deliver process-related information to each other. The study discusses whether ERP and CRM systems' integration significantly impacts the systems and process integration within an organization. ...
The existing studies of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) are primarily focusing on the adoption and implementation stages, the post-implementation stage has received less attention in comparison. However, most enterprises have been struggling under the post-implementation stage. This work aims to review the state-of-the-art issues of ERP in the post-implementation stage, including communication, legacy system, collaboration, and the manager is hard to monitor the performance. Based on the Design Science (DS) method, we highlight how to offset the lack of an ERP system and ECS according to the guidelines of DS, and show the exhaustive steps for implementing the artifact-SuccERP. Our research is rigorous and interpretive by considering the steps of the DS and the functions of Software Engineering. Further, we explore multiple ERP systems to summarize the difference in authentication, initial data, and specific procedures aspects, after that, we consider the two most popular procedures (order creation and bill of purchase creation) as examples to demonstrate and evaluate the proposed artifact—SuccERP in the result. We propose the complete and practical research for solving the issues from previous theoretical results of an ERP, and to show experimentally that the proposed SuccERP is easy to maintain by applying the Cyclomatic Complexity and the Maintainability Index as metrics. This study is a milestone that allows ERP research to move from the theoretical stage to integrating, creating things that serve a human purpose, and dealing with the issues presented by previous works practically.
... Kiritsis (2011) Strategical approach with three fundamental dimensions: (i) universal, secure, managed access and use of product definition information, (ii) maintaining the integrity of the product definition, being related with information throughout the life of the product or plant and (iii) managing and maintaining business processes used to create, manage, disseminate, share and use of information. Marchetta et al. (2011) A key concept for manufacturing industries to improve product quality, time-to-market and costs. ...
... According to some authors, PLM is defined as a broad management approach based on information systems, to meet product information requirements demanded by dynamic and collaborative business environments (Arnold et al., 2011;Ma and Fuh, 2008). Therefore, PLM requires integration between business processes, information systems and product information (Marchetta et al., 2011). A reference model for PLM software has been developed and integrated with an existing reference model for PLM business processes. ...
Adequate software selection among available alternatives in the market is considered one of the most critical factors for successful software implementation. Identifying the commercial software that could better support a company's business processes is a demanding effort. Current software selection methods do not always take advantage of the knowledge that can be embedded in various types of business reference models. This paper presents initial insights into the application of reference models for business process to support software selection. The approach relies on an integrated process-software reference model, which may be linked to a capabilities database of commercially available software. Based on a case application to product lifecycle management (PLM), the advantages and drawbacks of extensive reference model usage on software selection are discussed. Results indicate that business reference models have the potential to facilitate and enhance software selection. However, the high effort to build the integrated process-software model needs to be considered on overall benefits estimation.
... The actuality in many organizations is that data on business objects is siloed in several systems, inconsistent with conflicting versions and definitions, and with incorrect values 2, [45][46][47][48] which make data and related information unreliable. 3,49,50 Without timely, relevant, and trustworthy data, decisions cannot be made based on facts. 51 All company transactions are performed against consistent master data. ...
The objective of this study is to analyze the potential of company data assets for data-driven, fact-based decision-making in product portfolio management (PPM). Data assets are categorized from the PPM standpoint, including (product/customer/ …) master data, transactional data, and interaction data (e.g., IoT data). The study combines literature review and qualitative analysis of eight international companies. The findings underline the crucial role of corporate-widely combined and governed data model. Company business IT is adjusted against the corporate-level data model. The order of importance is data first, and the technology second. The data-driven mind-set and culture creation are also important. The implications include understanding the role and potential of combined data assets that form the basis for data-driven PPM. Facts based on company data assets are essential for decision-making instead of “gut feeling” and emotions. The utilization of the unused potential of data assets is promoted in the transformation toward data-driven PPM.
... These systems include manufacturing execution systems, ERP and CRM systems. During different phases of the life cycle, product-related data tend to become isolated, fragmented (Tao et al., 2018) and siloed (Vilminko-Heikkinen and Pekkola, 2017; Jetson and Nelis, 2008;Kumar Das and Mishra, 2011) in a number of separate repositories (Madenas et al., 2014;Borgia et al., 2015), leading to issues with interoperability and interconnecting systems (Marchetta et al., 2011;Sriti et al., 2015). Table AI classifies the literature in terms of elements of the fact-based analysis of company products and the product portfolio. ...
The purpose of this paper is to analyse current challenges and to articulate the preconditions for data-driven, fact-based product portfolio management (PPM) based on commercial and technical product structures, critical business processes, corporate business IT and company data assets. Here, data assets were classified from a PPM perspective in terms of (product/customer/supplier) master data, transaction data and Internet of Things data. The study also addresses the supporting role of corporate-level data governance.
The study combines a literature review and qualitative analysis of empirical data collected from eight international companies of varying size.
Companies’ current inability to analyse products effectively based on existing data is surprising. The present findings identify a number of preconditions for data-driven, fact-based PPM, including mutual understanding of company products (to establish a consistent commercial and technical product structure), product classification as strategic, supportive or non-strategic (to link commercial and technical product structures with product strategy) and a holistic, corporate-level data model for adjusting the company’s business IT (to support product portfolio visualisation).
The findings provide a logical and empirical basis for fact-based, product-level analysis of product profitability and analysis of the product portfolio over the product life cycle, supporting a data-driven approach to the optimisation of commercial and technical product structure, business IT systems and company product strategy. As a virtual representation of reality, the company data model facilitates product visualisation. The findings are of great practical value, as they demonstrate the significance of corporate-level data assets, data governance and business-critical data for managing a company’s products and portfolio.
The study contributes to the existing literature by specifying the preconditions for data-driven, fact-based PPM as a basis for product-level analysis and decision making, emphasising the role of company data assets and clarifying the links between business processes, information systems and data assets for PPM.
... These four multi-agent system-level architectures (PROSA, PABADIS, ADMARMS, and ADACOR) focus on developing the required agents and the necessary communication to effectively control manufacturing systems. Some more examples and implementations of systemlevel multi-agent architectures with PAs can be found in [24,25,26,27,28]. Since the focus of these architectures is to construct all of the agents in the system, the decision making of specific agents (e.g. the PA) is usually rulebased reasoning. ...
The multi-agent control strategy has been previously shown to improve the flexibility of complex, dynamic manufacturing systems. One key component of this strategy is the product agent. The product agent is responsible for autonomously guiding a physical part in the manufacturing system based on its production goals. Though the product agent has been described in previous works, a fully developed software architecture for the product agent that uses a model-based optimization approach has not been proposed. In this work, a product agent architecture with the capabilities to explore the local environment, plan and schedule events based on its knowledge, and request desired actions from the resources in the system is presented and tested.
... The developed system architecture was also applied to a test case for a telecommunication asset management. Marchetta et al. (2011) took a wider approach and dealt with a proactive PLM which serves as a reference framework. Their framework based on three parts: business process model, product information model and an agent-based architecture of applications. ...
Services play an important role in the manufacturing industry. A shift in emphasis from selling physical products to offering product–service systems is perceived. Detailed knowledge of machines, components and subcomponents in whole plants must be provided. Installed base management contributes to this and enables services in manufacturing to maintain high machine availability and reduce downtimes. Installed base management assists in data structuring and management. By combining installed base data with sensor data, a digital twin of the installed base results. Following the action design research approach, an integrated installed base management system for manufacturing is presented and implemented in practice. An engineering and manufacturing company is involved in the research process and ensures practical relevance. Requirements are not only deduced from the literature but also identified in focus group discussions. A detailed test run with real data is performed for evaluation purpose using a demonstration machine. To enable a generalization, design principles for the development and implementation of such an integrated installed base management system are created.
... 3) Data security Although the collaboration efforts provide several benefits, there is a serious concern to the security of data. In order to safeguard the data repositories, proper authentication of the user rights needs to be done to maintain the information ownership [16]. ...
... PLM solutions include integrated information systems that comprise different industrial software such as Computer-Aided technologies (CAx) integration, product data management, computer-integrated manufacturing, and configuration management systems [16]. Product development information are integrated into a single logical database to support the definition and standardization of the workflows and objects created and used during product development [28][29][30][31]. PLM systems support product information for firms [32], assisting them in managing the creation, variation, and exchange of product-related information during the NPD process [33,34]. ...
Food industry is becoming more and more crucial for all kind of economies worldwide. Though, despite the higher attention this sector is gaining, there is still uncertainty on how to properly manage food New Product Development (NPD) process. In particular, it is not clear whether IT solutions and methods successfully applicable to traditional manufacturing industries – in particular Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) solution- would have the same positive impact in the food industry. In this context, the present study starts from the belief that even in the food industry the NPD process can benefit from the implementation of a PLM solution. We introduce and test three propositions: (i) the implementation of a PLM solution is positively related to firm’s process management capability, thus improves NPD performances; (2) the implementation of a PLM solution is positively related to firm’s coordination capability, thus improves NPD performances; and (3) the usefulness of PLM functionalities differs for each NPD stage. The study is based on a multiple case study approach, with data gathered from several multinational food companies. Our results confirm the propositions were correct and specifically the implementation of PLM solutions in food companies positively affect process management and coordination capabilities, resulting in the improvement of overall NPD performance. Moreover, this paper discusses which food NPD stages are affected by PLM solutions and how.
... A main stream tool that aids and support engineers in PD to collaborate and share information/knowledge is Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). PLM is defined as a strategic business approach that applies a consistent set of business solutions in support of the collaborative creation, management, dissemination and use of product definition information across the extended enterprise from concept to end of life -improving product quality, time-to-market and costs [3,4]. While PLM tools are generally believed are for big OEM companies a lot of attentions from the PLM developers is now being addressed to smaller companies within the supply chain. ...
In order to reduce Product Development (PD) costs and duration, PD cycles are being accelerated in order to reduce the time to market and satisfy the end customer needs. Another key challenge in PD today, is product diversification in the technologies used, requiring improved collaboration among local and dispersed multi disciple PD teams. A main stream tool that aids and support engineers in PD to collaborate and share information/knowledge is Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). This research explores the benefits and requirements of implementing a PLM system for a PD and manufacturing company within the automotive supply chain. This paper first provides a brief background of the subject area, followed by an explanation of the initial industrial investigation for the implementation of a PLM system, from which investigation the resulting conclusions and recommendations are presented as the building blocks of the implementation project.
... As the world's manufacturing industry transitions through The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) and adopts more interconnected and digitized working practices, information and Knowledge Management (KM) are being viewed as crucial components for PD [1]. A critical tool in helping define and develop a company's products and ensure mass customisation is product lifecycle management [2], which is a methodology and tool that aids engineers to capture and document the product definition, while also assisting information and knowledge sharing and collaboration among the whole enterprise [3]. ...
In today’s industrialised world, manufacturers must adapt and evolve their Product Development (PD) processes through the adoption of bespoke ICT tools. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and its associated tools are one option manufacturers may choose to assist in this change. However, PLM tools are not always viable due to costs associated and system integration issues; therefore, careful selection and consideration of the most appropriate tool, which meets company requirements, needs to be taken before selection and implementation. This paper presents a case study of a Tier 1 supplier in the automotive industry, identifying the critical building blocks for successful implementation and integration of a PLM system in to their manufacturing operations. A framework is proposed to assist manufacturers in identifying and ranking the building blocks which should be considered when implementing such PLM tools.
... C'est dernières années, la recherché dans le secteur des objets connectés (ou IoT pour Internet of Things) a permis l'émergence du concept de produit dits « intelligent » ou « actif ». Les PI sont basés sur des technologies tel que : RFID, WIFI ou encore NFC., et peuvent interagir avec leur environnement durant leur cycle de vie (Marchetta et al. 2011), (Meyer et al. 2009). ...
Ces dernières années ont vue l'apparition de nouvelles approches de pilotage des systèmes de production. Dans cet article, nous présentons une approche offrant un contrôle distribué du système de pilotage. Grace au concept de " produit intelligent " il est possible d'éviter une centralisation des décisions. Une des originalités de l'approche présentée est l'utilisation conjointe des techniques de produit intelligent avec les méthodes d'apprentissage machine. Ce mécanisme est utilisé pour déterminer la meilleure stratégie d'ordonnancement pour assurer une performance globale du système de production. Mots clés—Produit intelligent, Ordonnancement, Q-learning, Multi-Agent, Atelier flexible.
... C'est dernières années, la recherché dans le secteur des objets connectés (ou IoT pour Internet of Things) a permis l'émergence du concept de produit dits « intelligent » ou « actif ». Les PI sont basés sur des technologies tel que : RFID, WIFI ou encore NFC., et peuvent interagir avec leur environnement durant leur cycle de vie (Marchetta et al. 2011), (Meyer et al. 2009). ...
Ces dernières années ont vue l’apparition de nouvelles approches de pilotage des systèmes de production. Dans cet article, nous présentons une approche offrant un contrôle distribué du système de pilotage. Grace au concept de “produit intelligent” il est possible d’éviter une centralisation des décisions. La centralisation affecte fréquemment de façon négative la réactivité du système de contrôle. Nous distinguons alors deux niveaux systémiques ; l’un est une microstructure individuelle qui décrit la composition interne de l’entité intelligente ; la seconde est un modèle collectif appelé macrostructure. Cette modélisation des entités individuelles et de leurs relations est purement « hétérarchique ». Le comportement global est ainsi obtenu par émergence.
... A product data framework for logistics planning activities (Gimé nez et al., 2008) and an ontology based on the Core Product Model (CPM) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Sudarsan et al., 2005) has been proposed respectively. The changes of product definitions in different activities have been taken into account and CPM has been extended to improve the adaptability of data management (Marchetta et al., 2011). ...
Product lifecycle data is processed and transformed continually and gets accumulated in a complex system environment, especially with the product innovation and business expansion. In response to the ever-changing business and competitive landscape, a holistic method for data management has become indispensable to realize the importance of seamless integration and convenient transformation of data. In this work, a novel framework of agile data management is proposed to promote the transfer efficiency of product lifecycle data and facilitate business collaboration. Rapid data view transformation technologies related to product information modeling, data structure transformation and data presentation are adopted in the framework. These technologies will realize easy representation, fast transformation and flexible presentation of the various product lifecycle data.
... The class ProcessPlan can be found in the CPM extension Manufacturing Process Planning Information Model [22]. Nevertheless, the meaning here is wider, it shows the sequence of manufacturing operations and equally the logistics between them. ...
Ecodesign is the improvement of the environmental performance of products or services throughout their whole lifecycle. Because there is less design freedom in the late stages of the design process, it is assumed that if the environmental constraint is introduced early, the designers would develop a product that would have a better environmental performance. Thus, case-based reasoning is proposed as a strategy to incorporate ecodesign early in the design process.
The paper shows the investigation about the different possibilities of capturing information during the product development process. The idealized model to capture information called Core Product Model extension for environmental evaluation (CPMe3) is presented. This formal model would allow capturing the data from the whole product’s lifecycle with a link to the environmental evaluation.
This article aims, on the one hand, to theoretically analyze the fact of school failure by identifying and describing its extent, specifically in the province of Ouezzane in northern Morocco, on the other hand, it aims to describe the effect of hybrid education caused by the COVID-19 health crisis on student results in the 2020/2021 school year as well as to make a comparative analysis of school failure rates following an exploratory approach for previous school years; namely, the years 2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. In order to carry out this study, we proceeded with an in-depth analysis of the marks of the students relating to the scientific subjects, in particular: mathematical sciences, sciences of life and earth and physics, resulting from the school curriculum obtained at the regional examination for the third year of college. Finally, we have suggested some recommendations regarding the technology plan that aim to reduce the rate of this failure in this province in particular and can be generalized in the other parts of the kingdom.KeywordsSchool FailureCOVID-19MathematicsScience of Life and EarthPhysics Sciences
This research presents a systematic literature review of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the supply chain (SC). We examine the works done so far in relation to AI research, which still needs to be investigated in light of the potential benefits of implementing AI in supply chain management. Dynamic supply chain processes require artificial intelligence techniques capable of dealing with their increasing complexity. Artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning, Deep learning, natural language processing, expert systems, knowledge representation, Fuzzy logic and models, social intelligence, Artificial neural networks, Support vector machines, Gaussian models, robotics, Ant colony, and computer vision can transform and optimize the supply chain. In order to classify the study material, we looked at 50 research papers from the Scopus database that were published between 2002 and 2022 and assigned each one a grade based on two fundamental structural factors are as follows: AI techniques and sector of application.KeywordsArtificial IntelligenceSupply chainSystematic literature reviewTaxonomy of artificial intelligence
This paper is written to propose a new architecture of the smart manufacturing system from the perspective of information system theory by synthesizing the achievements and experiences gained in the process of researching and developing the smart manufacturing system suitable for the situation of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Verifying the structure of a smart manufacturing system suitable for the situation of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is an essential research task that presents the goals to be achieved in the R&D and introduction of smart manufacturing systems, which are put forward by different R&D groups. Based on a global study, synthesis, and analysis of the architectural features of smart manufacturing systems required by enterprises, the authors have identified a new structure of smart manufacturing system that meets the actual conditions of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea by verifying its rationality through the practical process of studying, developing, and constructing the smart manufacturing system in the digital book editing (virtual production) and printing (physical production) of a book printing factory. The findings are that (a) a smart manufacturing system is an informative and organic combination of management information systems and the internet of things with cyber-physical system as the core; (b) a product lifecycle management system is a comprehensive information integration tool of production and management related information systems to optimize the production and management activities of enterprises and put them on a high scientific and technological basis, and its implementation is essential; and (c) research on the smart manufacturing system should be continuously conducted to meet the demands of enterprise management practice that are constantly faced with new theoretical, practical, and information technology challenges, and such research results should be realized at a high level based on strong research, development, and introduction forces in the future. The finding of the new architecture of smart manufacturing system has been made in the context of the research on the smart manufacturing system, and it will serve as the theoretical basis for the smart manufacturing system to be built in various types of enterprises in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.
Due to the advancements in manufacturing system technology and the ever-increasing demand for personalized products, there is a growing desire to improve the flexibility of manufacturing systems. Multi-agent control is one strategy that has been proposed to address this challenge. The multi-agent control strategy relies on the decision making and cooperation of a number of intelligent software agents to control and coordinate various components on the shop floor. One of the most important agents for this control strategy is the product agent, which is the decision maker for a single part in the manufacturing system. To improve the flexibility and adaptability of the product agent and its control strategy, this work proposes a direct and active cooperation framework for the product agent. The directly and actively cooperating product agent can identify and actively negotiate scheduling constraints with other agents in the system. A new modeling formalism, based on priced timed automata, and an optimization-based decision making strategy are proposed as part of the framework. Two simulation case studies showcase how direct and active cooperation can be used to improve the flexibility and performance of manufacturing systems.
Due to the advancements in manufacturing system technology and the ever-increasing demand for personalized products, there is a growing desire to improve the flexibility of manufacturing systems. Multi-agent control is one strategy that has been proposed to address this challenge. The multi-agent control strategy relies on the decision making and cooperation of a number of intelligent software agents to control and coordinate various components on the shop floor. One of the most important agents for this control strategy is the product agent, which is the decision maker for a single part in the manufacturing system. To improve the flexibility and adaptability of the product agent and its control strategy, this work proposes a direct and active cooperation framework for the product agent. The directly and actively cooperating product agent can identify and actively negotiate scheduling constraints with other agents in the system. A new modeling formalism, based on priced timed automata, and an optimization-based decision making strategy are proposed as part of the framework. Two simulation case studies showcase how direct and active cooperation can be used to improve the flexibility and performance of manufacturing systems.
Due to the advancements in manufacturing system technology and the ever-increasing demand for personalized products, there is a growing desire to improve the flexibility of manufacturing systems. Multi-agent control is one strategy that has been proposed to address this challenge. The multi-agent control strategy relies on the decision making and cooperation of a number of intelligent software agents to control and coordinate various components on the shop floor. One of the most important agents for this control strategy is the product agent, which is the decision maker for a single part in the manufacturing system. To improve the flexibility and adaptability of the product agent and its control strategy, this work proposes a direct and active cooperation framework for the product agent. The directly and actively cooperating product agent can identify and actively negotiate scheduling constraints with other agents in the system. A new modeling formalism, based on priced timed automata, and an optimization-based decision making strategy are proposed as part of the framework. Two simulation case studies showcase how direct and active cooperation can be used to improve the flexibility and performance of manufacturing systems.
The manufacturing organizations focusing of sustainability of business have been adopting IT systems for achieving excellence of different business functions. However, multiple applications co-existing for achieving optimum results at specific function level are not desired while considering optimum deliverables of entire organization. The different applications hence need to be connected to each other in a systematic way to ensure that the end goal is achieved. The research focuses on identifying the integration needs and providing a methodology for achieving this. The authors have analyzed existing literature and available integration technologies for providing the approach. There integrations need to be categorized based on the requirement. These requirements need to be explored and validated through systematic research methodology. The authors have adopted a case-study-based approach in an automotive component manufacturing industry wherein the proposed methodology was validated by implementing CAD/CAM/CAPP system integration along with Requirement Management and Product lifecycle management (PLM) systems.
يهدف البحث الى دراسة وتحليل الهندسة المتزامنة (CE) وتحسين التكلفة(CO)، واستعمال مخرجات الهندسة المتزامنة كمدخلات لتحسين التكلفة، وبيان دور الهندسة المتزامنة في تحسين جودة المنتوج، وتحقيق وفورات في وقت التصميم والتصنيع والتجميع وتخفيض التكاليف، فضلاً عن توظيف بعض النماذج لتحديد مقدار الوفورات في الوقت ومنها نموذج(Lexmark) ونموذج (Pert) لتحديد الوفورات في وقت التصميم وقت لتصنيع والتجميع. ولتحقيق اهداف البحث تم اختيار الشركة العامة للصناعات الكهربائية والكترونية \معمل محرك المبردة وبالتحديد محرك حصان الواقعة في بغداد محلاً للبحث، اذ تم تطبيق تقنية الهندسة المتزامنة في الشركة عينه البحث بالشكل الذي يلائم البيئة التي تعيشها الشركة من اجل تحسين تكاليفها من خلال تحسين الجودة وتخفيض الوقت وكلفة اقل . وقد توصل الباحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات ومن أبرز الاستنتاجات ما يأتي: تعد تقنية الهندسة المتزامنة من التقنيات الأكثر ملائمة لبيئة الاعمال وما رافقتها من تغيرات سريعة وما لها من أهمية لعينة البحث، ان العمل وفق الهندسة المتزامنة (الوضع المقترح) يجعلها على أساس التعاون الجماعي والمتزامن، ويتم تطوير المنتجات بصورة أسرع عن طريق الأداء المتزامن لعمليات تطوير المنتج ولاسيما تصميم المنتج والعملية. إما أهم التوصيات ما يأتي: يتعين على الوحدات الاقتصادية الاهتمام بالتقنيات الكلفوية والإدارية ونها تقنية الهندسة المتزامنة لأنها أداة هامة لتحسين وتطوير المنتجات القائمة والجديدة. على الوحدات الاقتصادية الاهتمام بالزبون باعتباره مصدر قوة للوحدة الاقتصادية، من خلال اشراك الزبائن في عملية تصميم وتطوير المنتجات بالشكل الذي يلائم رغباتهم، واجراء دراسات وبحوث ميدانية في السوق للتعرف على حاجاتهم ورغباتهم. ضرورة الاهتمام بالتصميم للتكلفة (DTC) من اجل جعل المنتجات قريبة من الزبائن، أي من خلال التصميم جعل المنتجات قابلة للشراء وعلى فريق التصميم مراعاة القدر المقبول من الجودة
The research aims to study and analysis of concurrent engineering (CE) and cost optimization (CO), and the use of concurrent engineering inputs to outputs to improve the cost, and the statement of the role of concurrent engineering in improving the quality of the product, and achieve savings in the design and manufacturing time and assembly and reduce costs, as well as employing some models to determine how much the savings in time, including the model (Lexmark) model (Pert) to determine the savings in design time for manufacturing and assembly time.To achieve the search objectives, the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries Refrigerated Engine Laboratory is selected and specifically engine 1/4 horse located in Baghdad, as synchronized engineering technology has been implemented in the company, which is appointed as the company to improve its costs through improved costs Quality and low time and cost less.The researcher reached a set of conclusions and recommendations and conclusions highlighted the following:The technique of simultaneous engineering of the most appropriate technologies for the business environment and accompanied by rapid changes and their importance to the research sample,The work according to concurrent engineering (proposed situation) makes it on the basis of collective cooperation and simultaneous, and products are developed faster through the simultaneous performance of the operations of product development, especially product and process design.Either the most important recommendations of the following: economic units should interest techniques Alklfoah and management of Nha concurrent engineering technology because it is an important tool to improve and develop existing and new products.Economic units of attention as a source of power customer economic unity, by involving customers in the design process and product development in the form that suits their desires, and conduct field studies and research in the market to learn about their needs and desires.The need for attention to design cost (DTC) in order to make products close to customers, ie by making the design viable products to buy and take into account the design team equally acceptable quality
This paper presents innovative methods for new product development optimization by using Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and incorporating with other supply chain processes. Product design and process design were very much integrated and interdependent so the designer always takes the input from the production shop floor while designing a new product. In the absence of integration with process engineering and other supply chain process, the design department always works in isolation and the product development also undergoes multiple iterations which leads to increased overall product development time. System Application and Product (SAP) is a software tool that is being used to augment almost all operations of automobile and other manufacturing firms. This paper encapsulates the application of the SAP with its Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) functionality into the functioning and management of a pump industry to achieve better &optimized products. It was observed that SAP-PLM embodies various sub concepts, such as Document management, Change management, Portfolio, Quality management etc., that enhance design and manufacturing functions of the pump industry.
The urgent need to keep pace with the accelerating globalization of manufacturing in the 21st century has produced rapid advances in manufacturing research, development and innovation.
This book presents the proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Manufacturing Research (ICMR 2017), which also incorporated the 32nd National Conference on Manufacturing Research (NCMR) and was held at the University of Greenwich, London, UK, in September 2017. The conference brings together a broad community of researchers who share the common goal of developing and managing the technologies and operations key to sustaining the success of manufacturing businesses. The book is divided into 13 Parts, covering topics such as advanced manufacturing technologies (including additive, ultra-precision and nano-manufacturing); manufacturing systems (digital and cyber-physical systems); product design and development (including lifecycle management and supply-chain collaboration); information and communication (including innovation and knowledge management); and manufacturing management (including lean, sustainable and cost engineering).
With its comprehensive overview of current developments, this book will be of interest to all those involved in manufacturing today.
To examine the effects of product life cycle management (PLM) systems on new product development (NPD) performance, the study developed a conceptual model linking firms’ ability to diffuse and routinize PLM systems in NPD processes (called “PLM system capability”) with process management, coordination, and absorptive capabilities. The study assumed that the selected management capabilities mediate the effects of PLM system capability on NPD performance. The empirical results supported the theorized relationships, indicating that PLM system capability shapes firms’ capabilities for NPD process management, partner coordination, and knowledge absorption, which subsequently affect NPD performance. Therefore, in order to improve NPD performance, managers must create conditions conducive for implementing PLM systems to enhance NPD-required management capabilities.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) address different business needs for manufacturers. There are several factors to be considered when integrating PLM and ERP which cover many different areas such as organization and cultural, business practice and technology factors. There are various approaches that a company can take to accomplish integration between PLM and ERP. Each approach will provide differing levels and complexity of integration, functionality, scope, and cost of implementation and support. Companies need to assess the issues described previously and select the best approach based on their specific needs, future plans, current infrastructure, and estimated cost. In this context, the data to be exchanged between PLM and ERP is identified and these data have to be communicated to the ERP from PLM. Data related to the manufacturing system should be stored and managed into PLM system. Also, the interaction frequency among PLM and ERP varies depending on the degree of product customization and needs to be addressed for integration. The main objective of the present work is to develop a framework for PLM and ERP integration module, based on ontologies, which resolves syntactic and semantic data conflicts. The proposed model would help in the optimization of enterprise systems, business processes and product development systems by the integration of complimentary desktop productivity applications, heterogeneous Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems, enterprise systems and Product Data Management (PDM) databases.
PLM system has been widely used in whole industry. Specially, in case of the company that constructs the engineering plant, PLM can be a key success tool for the innovation with ERP and Enterprise IT Systems. This paper describes the innovation strategy for engineering plant PLM including Master Data management, EPC project management, full 3D modeling and quality management.
Individual products have a variety of states depending on their life cycle histories even if they are produced from the same design information, which represents their nominal information specified by designers. We call a specific state of an individual product as “entity information,” as opposed to the nominal information. To utilize resources of products efficiently throughout the entire life cycle, this paper proposes a method for modeling both nominal information of a product life cycle and the entity information at its design stage. This method represents the nominal information with hierarchical product structure model and life cycle flow model, which we have already proposed in our previous study. In this paper, we propose a model of the entity information, which we call “Entity Information Model.” Entity Information Model represents states of individual entities and the changes of the number of the entities in each life cycle process such as maintenance, collection, and end-of-life processes by recording life cycle histories of individual entities. Entity Information Model is created by using life cycle simulation technique. A case study of a smart phone is illustrated for demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method.
Considering the economic importance of forest products industries in Canada, there has been an increasing interest in studying the operations and interactions of all the relevant entities involved in its supply chain (SC). The forest products industry has a set of specific SC characteristics to meet the needs of its final consumers. While a growing number of mathematical and simulation models are being presented for the SC in this sector, an integrated formal structure is evidently required for guiding the development of and evaluating these models. Therefore, in this research, we systematically review and identify existing frameworks for modelling SCs with the interest of highlighting the ones relevant to the forest products SCs. While we find no framework specific to the forest products industry, we identify a number of existing frameworks that could be customized to represent the industry's SC.
Aiming at the PLM component library system, this paper studied the characteristic and requirement of the development of the PLM component. The main goal of this research include: deploying PLM component library using open source project OpenStack and KVM; studying the component communication method under heterogeneous environments on the basis of distributing framework model Remote Method Invocation (RMI); designing PLM soft component’s facet and interface; putting forward the steps of developing the distributed PLM component based on EJB technology (include Session Bean, Entity Bean, Message Bean); issuing distributed PLM component that is packed into Web service in order to achieve the mapping between PLM soft component and Web service by using J2EE Web service component; developing a PLM component library management system based on SOA framework.
Abstract Several approaches,and systems have been,proposed,in generative Computer,Aided Process Planning field (CAPP), with different advantages and drawbacks. Most of these works are based on expert systems, production rules or special-purpose planning systems. In expert systems,and,production,rules systems much knowledge representation is required, and special-purpose planning systems, on the other hand, are specific of each industry and manufacturing capabilities, which makes it difficult and expensive to implement,or extend them,to other cases. In this paper an artificial intelligence planning model,for CAPP is presented, which has the advantage of being more easily adapted and extended for different industries and manufacturing capabilites, because of the declarative definition language it supports. An analysis of the advantages and drawbacks of this kind of techniquesis also presented, and some problems and possible improvements,are discussed,and proposed,for furtherdevelopment. Keywords,: Intelligent Agent, Artificial Intelligence, Planning, Computer Aided Process Planning
The dominating trend in Product Life Cycle Management (PLM) systems is to create distributed web-driven architectures with web services that would allow the related enterprises to operate as a single entity. The paper describes a modelling environment of web services to support easy prototyping of PLM systems. The application perspectives of two research problems are proposed: incorporating bottom-up ontology in the information web services for uniformity of product data access, and synchronisation modelling of control web services. The modelling approach was practically implemented in a PLM system under development.
Increasingly, supply chain management is being recognized as the management of key business processes across the network of organizations that comprise the supply chain. While many have recognized the benefits of a process approach to managing the business and the supply chain, most are vague about what processes are to be considered, what sub-processes and activities are contained in each process, and how the processes interact with each other and with the traditional functional silos. In this paper, we provide strategic and operational descriptions of each of the eight supply chain processes identified by members of The Global Supply Chain Forum, as well as illustrations of the interfaces among the processes and an example of how a process approach can be implemented within an organization. Our aim is to provide managers with a framework to be used in implementing supply chain management, instructors with material useful in structuring a supply chain management course, and researchers with a set of opportunities for further development of the field.
The support of PLM throughout the product life, from the product's conceptualization to its disposal, requires reliable, complete and efficient data models. The Core Product Model (CPM), initially developed at NIST for a number of in-house research projects, has been extended so as to support the full range of PLM information. CPM gives equal status to three aspects of a product or artifact: its function, form and behavior. Thus, CPM can support purely functional reasoning about a product in the conceptual stages of design as well as the recording and modeling of its behavior in the post-design stage. CPM is a generic, abstract model with generic semantics. It is defined as a UML class diagram.. Three levels of CPM models, denoted as the conceptual, intermediate, and implementation models, are described. Extensions of CPM are briefly presented and a short illustrative example is given.
The paper deals with the use of a UML approach for the specifications of a PDM system (product data management) implementation. A PDM system enables the management of the whole product data and related information about its entire lifecycle.The main goal of this paper is to highlight the added value of using an object-oriented approach for modelling, specifying and implementing a PDM system on a business case study. The chosen object-oriented approach and the used UML diagrams for the modelling and integration of product, process, and resource data is detailed for a turboprop aircraft project.
This paper introduces a model of the information flows in Product Life cycle Management (PLM), serving as the basis for understanding the role of standards in PLM support systems. Support of PLM requires a set of complementary and interoperable standards that cover the full range of aspects of the products’ life cycle. The paper identifies a typology of standards relevant to PLM support that addresses the hierarchy of existing and evolving standards and their usage and identifies a suite of standards supporting the exchange of product, process, operations and supply chain information. A case study illustrating the use of PLM standards in a large organization is presented. The potential role of harmonization among PLM support standards is described and a proposal is made for using open standards and open source models for this important activity.
Product lifecycle stages are inter-related and mutually constraining. Due to the sequential nature of the product development processes, some constraints or conflicts may emerge in a later stage and require modifications to the decisions made in earlier stages. The iterations between stages are hence unavoidable and must be managed carefully to maintain the consistency, integrity and validity of product information models. Due to the inter- or intra-stage relations, a chain of changes is very likely to occur as the consequence of an initial change. Modeling and maintaining these relations are important in collaborative engineering to evolve the state of the whole product model in a consistent manner. This paper introduces a new method of modeling associative engineering relations in a unified feature modeling scheme and elaborates a change propagation algorithm for the information consistency control among multiple applications of product lifecycle stages. The algorithm is established on a JTMS-based dependency network. Two case studies are used to illustrate the proposed dependency network and change propagation algorithm.
Companies are moving towards quickly providing better customer-centric products and services improve market share and market size with continuously growing revenue. As such, the effective collaboration among customers, developers, suppliers, and manufacturers throughout the entire product lifecycle is becoming much more important for the most advanced competitiveness. To address this need, a framework for product lifecycle collaboration is proposed in this study. The details of these collaboration models throughout the entire product lifecycle are depicted. As one of the key elements in product lifecycle collaboration, technology to support collaborative product manufacturing is proposed, developed and implemented in this study. It is hoped that the developed technology for collaborative product manufacturing will lay a frontier basis for further research and development in product lifecycle management.
Nowadays, product information management is a key issue for traceability and quality management but also for state-of-the-art technologies such as intelligent and autonomous product technologies. Due to these needs, product information design and management are becoming one of the most important steps in order to control quality of services and products that aim at customer satisfaction. However, there is no real method that exists to build the exhaustive representation of product information throughout their production cycle. In this paper, a product oriented modelling approach is proposed in order to provide a complete method for product representation. This modelling approach aims at covering all aspects related to product information and its management.
Standardisation initiatives (ISO and IEC) try to answer the problem of managing heterogeneous information, scattered within organizations, by formalising the knowledge related to products technical data. While the product is the centred object from which, along its lifecycle, all enterprise systems, either inside a single enterprise or between cooperating networked enterprises, have a specific view, we may consider it as active as far as it participates to the decisions making by providing knowledge about itself. This paper proposes a novel approach, postulating that the product, represented by its technical data, may be considered as interoperable per se with the many applications involved in manufacturing enterprises as far as it embeds knowledge about itself, as it stores all its technical data, provided that these are embedded on a common model. The matter of this approach is to formalise of all technical data and concepts contributing to the definition of a Product Ontology, embedded into the product itself and making it interoperable with applications, minimising loss of semantics.
Enterprise control system integration between business systems, manufacturing execution systems and shop-floor process-control systems remains a key issue for facilitating the deployment of plant-wide information control systems for practical e-business-to-manufacturing industry-led issues. Achievement of the integration-in-manufacturing paradigm based on centralized/distributed hardware/software automation architectures is evolving using the intelligence-in-manufacturing paradigm addressed by IMS industry-led R&D initiatives. The remaining goal is to define and experiment with the next generation of manufacturing systems, which should be able to cope with the high degree of complexity required to implement agility, flexibility and reactivity in customized manufacturing. This introductory paper summarizes some key problems, trends and accomplishments in manufacturing plant control before emphasizing for practical purposes some rationales and forecasts in deploying automation over networks, holonic manufacturing execution systems and their related agent-based technology, and applying formal methods to ensure dependable control of these manufacturing systems.
Current Internet-based technologies enable the operation of extended supply chains (ESCs) and introduce new requirements on managing and sharing product-related information in such ESCs, where product models are the fundamental information source. This paper describes an extension of the product data framework originally introduced by PRoduct ONTOlogy (PRONTO). The extended model provides the foundations for a distributed product data management (DPDM) system and is fully consistent with the idea of managing product information according to two hierarchies: the abstraction hierarchy (AS) and the structural hierarchy (SH). They formalize the data aggregation and disaggregation processes required by logistics planning activities. In this work, the Property and PropertyValue concepts were incorporated into the ontology to handle different types of data.
This paper presents an overview of the field of Intelligent Products. As Intelligent Products have many facets, this paper is mainly focused on the concept behind Intelligent Products, the technical foundations, and the achievable practical goals of Intelligent Products. A novel classification of Intelligent Products is introduced, which distinguishes between three orthogonal dimensions. Furthermore, the technical foundations in the areas of automatic identification and embedded processing, distributed information storage and processing, and agent-based systems are discussed, as well as the achievable practical goals in the contexts of manufacturing, supply chains, asset management, and product life cycle management.
In this chapter we consider the basic functionality of product lifecycle management systems and the adaptation of their functions to the creation and use of product data in the basic business processes of the company. Furthermore, the chapter examines the use of product lifecycle management in the various functions of the industrial enterprise.
A new kind of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) system is proposed to support the integration and collaboration in Concurrent Engineering (CE). The kernel of the system is the Co-operative Design Modeller (CoDeMo), which supports the multiple-views knowledge integration in the product definition. The enhancement of CoDeMo and CAx systems interoperability is required for achieving a consistent design support environment. This paper mainly deals with CoDeMo interoperability capabilities based on STEP AP203 Edition 2 standard. The aim is to show the benefit and efficiency of STEP-based application in the integration approach of CoDeMo and CAx systems. The architecture, development and application of the STEP pre-processor are described, respectively. A case study is given to illustrate the translation process of product data and to demonstrate the interest of the STEP translator.
While the phrase “system-of-systems” is commonly seen, there is less agreement on what they are, how they may be distinguished from “conventional” systems, or how their development differs from other systems. This paper proposes a definition, a limited taxonomy, and a basic set of architecting principles to assist in their design. As it turns out, the term system-of-systems is infelicitous for the taxonomic grouping. The grouping might be better termed “collaborative systems.” The paper also discusses the value of recognizing the classification in system design, and some of the problems induced by misclassification. One consequence of the classification is the identification of principal structuring heuristics for system-of-systems. Another is an understanding that, in most cases, the architecture of a system-of-systems is communications. The architecture is nonphysical, it is the set of standards that allow meaningful communication among the components. This is illustrated through existing and proposed systems. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Syst Eng 1: 267–284, 1998
Nowadays, business supply chains for the production of complex products or services are likely to involve a number of autonomous organizations. The competitive market requires that these supply chains are highly agile, effective and efficient. Agility and effectiveness are obtained by forming highly dynamic virtual enterprises within supplier networks. We call these instant virtual enterprises (IVEs). The required efficiency of creating and operating IVEs can only be obtained by automated support for design, setup and enactment of business processes within these IVEs. This process support involves the dynamic composition of local processes of network members into global processes at the IVE level. This functionality goes significantly beyond traditional approaches for interorganizational workflow management. The approach, architecture and technology required for this dynamic network process management in IVEs are outlined in this paper. We show how the developed approach is applied in the automotive industry in the context of the CrossWork IST project.
This paper follows Part (I) on the development of the system notion and deals with the notion of System of Systems (SoS). Many definitions have emerged, most of them depending on the characteristics of the domain where this notion is linked. This paper considers the notion of SoS as an evolution of the standard notion of systems and aims to provide a definition that is detached from the particular domain. We deal first with the fundamental components of the system, describe the different aspects of the structure of a composite system and then we provide an explanation of the difference of the new notion, to the standard notion of Composite Systems. We present a new abstract definition of the notion of SoS as an evolution of the notion of Composite Systems, empowered by the concept of autonomy and participation in tasks usually linked to games. This is a development of the Composite System notion where now the subsystems act as autonomous intelligent agents in a multi-agent system that is defined by a central task and possibly a game.
A PDM (Product Data Management) system allows improved management of the engineering process through better control of engineering data, engineering activities, engineering changes and product configurations. There are different commercial PDM systems and each company uses a PDM that supports the company’s needs. To collaborate with parts’ suppliers, companies frequently need to interface their PDM systems with those of their suppliers. There are two ways of interface: direct translation between PDM systems and translation based on a standard format. In this study two different PDM systems are interfaced based on the PLM Services standard of OMG (www.omg.org), which is itself based on Web Services. The PLM Services enables the data exchange via the Internet. The main objective of implementation is to use the PLM Services standard for PDM data exchange via Internet.
Nowadays a sophisticated match-making mechanism is necessary for appropriate collaborations in virtual enterprise (VE). Virtual market based match-making operation enables effective partner search in terms of products allocation by distributing the scheduled resources according to the market prices, which define common scale of value across the various products. We formulate the VE match-making model as discrete resource allocation problem, and propose a complex market-oriented programming framework based on the economics of complex systems. Three types of heterogeneous agents are defined in the complex virtual market. It is described that their interactions with micro behaviour emerge a macro order of the virtual market, and the clearing price dynamism can be analysed in economic terms. The applicability of the framework into resource allocation problem for VE is also discussed.
This paper addresses the design and implementation of a multiagent-based control architecture to support modular reconfigurable production systems. The requirements for plugability of modules (manufacturing components) and product changes were considered ...
It is generally recognised that Project Management (PM) consists of three core interactive processes: planning, execution and controlling. Previous research has found that the gaps between these core processes, such as the vague interface between planning and execution, have prevented project management from being effective and efficient. In the practical way, the poor performance of project management can be seen as the result of information loss in the project. Product Life Cycle Support (PLCS), an emerging ISO standard (ISO 10303-239), addresses the through-life product information and provides a base to improve project management. On the other hand, project management has developed in ways that have not yet been incorporated into PLCS, providing potential to develop the standard. As a result of preliminary investigation, the combination of PLCS and project management will bring benefits to an integrated enterprise model.
Currently, computer-based support tools are widely used to facilitate the design process and have the potential to reduce design time, decrease product cost and enhance product quality. Although there are promising information systems to manage product lifecycle and product-related data, including product data management (PDM) and product lifecycle management (PLM), significant limitations still exist, where information required to make decisions may not be available, may be lacking consistency, and may not be expressed in a general way for sharing between systems. Moreover, there remains little support for decision making that considers multiple complex technical and economical criteria, relations, and objectives in product design. To address these problems, this paper presents a framework for an ontology-based data integration and decision support environment for e-Design. The framework can guide designers in the design process, can make recommendations, and can provide decision support for parameter adjustments.
Processes are a central entity in enterprise collaboration. Collaborative processes need to be executed and coordinated in a distributed computational platform where computers are connected through heterogeneous networks and systems. Life cycle management of such collaborative processes requires a framework able to handle their diversity based on different computational and communication requirements. This paper proposes a rational for such framework, points out key requirements and proposes a strategy for a supporting technological infrastructure. Beyond the portability of collaborative process definitions among different technological bindings, a framework to handle different life cycle phases of those definitions is presented and discussed.
Recent economic and international threats to western industries have encouraged companies to increase their performance in all ways possible. Many look to deal quickly with disturbances, reduce inventory, and exchange information promptly throughout the supply chain. In other words they want to become more agile. To reach this objective it is critical for planning systems to present planning strategies adapted to the different contexts, to attain better performances. Due to consolidation, the development of integrated supply chains and the use of inter-organizational information systems have increased business interdependencies and in turn the need for increased collaboration to deal with disturbance in a synchronized way. Thus, agility and synchronization in supply chains are critical to maintain overall performance. In order to develop tools to increase the agility of the supply chain and to promote the collaborative management of such disturbances, agent-based technology takes advantage of the ability of agents to make autonomous decisions in a distributed network through the use of advanced collaboration mechanisms. Moreover, because of the highly instable and dynamic environment of today's supply chains, planning agents must handle multiple problem solving approaches. This paper proposes a Multi-behavior planning agent model using different planning strategies when decisions are supported by a distributed planning system. The implementation of this solution is realized through the FOR@C experimental agent-based platform, dedicated to supply chain planning for the lumber industry.
Product development cycles are greatly shortened and subjected to a growing competitive pressure. In parallel, product and
process complexities are increasing. This situation requires new organizational concepts in order to satisfy evolutionary
market demand. The various design actors, provided with diverse expertise and culture, are therefore invited to collaborate
more closely, in order to perform an effective product design. It is then, that the collaborative design process re-groups
actors which have to achieve a common objective: develop a product via interactions, information and knowledge sharing, along
with a certain level of co-ordination of the various activities. This paper will show how organization and co-ordination of
projects are possible, thanks to the use of design environments, which are adapted to each design context. We will focus particularly
on the study of various collaborative forms and collaborative knowledge to manage design environments.
To remain competitive in today's global market, manufacturing organisations must be able to respond to unpredictable changes that occur in the market rapidly and cost-effectively. To facilitate such responsiveness, this paper presents an agent-based approach that would enable manufacturers to achieve optimised utilisation of resources within their existing manufacturing systems’ structures and constraints while simultaneously considering systems’ reconfiguration and restructure options to accommodate changing demand distributions and product mix. The approach is based on an integrated decision platform on which planning and control decisions can be considered concurrently with system reconfiguration/restructure decisions.
The goal of applying collaborative product development in industry has raised the need to develop software tools supporting system integration and group collaboration. Current methods and tools mainly focus on the collaborative creation of design components and assemblies. However, few of them support the collaborative work in developing simulation models so that proposed design concepts and solutions can be evaluated by integrating expertise from several disciplines. The purpose of this research is to develop a distributed and interactive system on which designers and experts can work together to create, integrate and run simulations for engineering design. To develop such a system, a number of issues, e.g. effectiveness and efficiency of modeling work, the re-use of models, interaction and cooperation, accuracy of simulation, collaborative operation on models, etc., need to be addressed. This paper describes an open architecture to developing simulations for engineering design in a distributed and collaborative environment, identifies a set of key issues raised in this architecture, and presents the techniques employed in our solution.
In product lifecycle management, the efficiency of information reuse relies on the definition and management of equivalence information between various product data and structure representations. Equivalence information ensures the consistency and traceability of product information throughout the product lifecycle. The sales-delivery process of engineer-to-order (ETO) products presents a great potential for design reuse, i.e. the reuse of previously validated design solutions in the design of new product variants according to customer-specific requirements. A product family data model that focuses on the interdependencies of viewpoints on information will therefore improve the setup of design reuse mechanisms such as modularity. This paper describes the Adaptive Generic Product Structure (AGPS), a dynamic structure-based product family modelling approach that enables the systematic aggregation of product variants and their distinctive components. The purpose of the approach is to capitalize on the expanding component variety developed within previous product variants as early as the sales lead phase of the sales-delivery process, in order to reduce customer-driven design costs and shorten lead-times. An illustrative example based on the aerospace industry is presented.
This paper presents an ongoing project on the development of an e-Engineering framework proposed by KIMM (Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials). The framework aims to provide an integrated engineering environment to support collaborating and integrating personnel, design/modelling/simulation activities and engineering resources in the product development process. Integration of the distributed engineering resources and orchestration of engineering activities have been recognized as crucial issues to construct such collaborative engineering environments successfully. To effectively support integration and collaboration in the framework, the framework is built on the basis of a number of advanced technologies, such as service-oriented architecture, intelligent software agents, and Web services. Based on service-oriented architecture and Web services technologies, the framework is able to utilize and integrate effectively various engineering resources on the geographically distributed computing environments. And through intelligent agent technologies, it supports cooperation and coordination mechanisms for the engineering activities. In this paper we describe the implementation of the framework in detail. In addition, we present the applicability of the framework with a case study.
After analyzing the features of process preparation, a product lifecycle oriented digitization agile process preparation system (DAPP) is presented. This paper develops a general approach and a system tool for digitization agile process preparation (DAPP). First, according to modern manufacturing concept and the bottleneck problems of computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS), a concept of DAPP is proposed. Secondly, after analysis of the characteristics of the process preparation system (DAPPS), the needs for DAPPS are explored in depth. Thirdly a framework is proposed to support DAPPS by providing computer-aided and database environments for DAPPS, advisory tools for product structure manufacturability evaluation, rapid process planning, tooling design, process consumption determination as well as field process preparation, and knowledge bases incorporated in the advisory tools. Fourthly, according to the framework, a design support strategy for DAPPS is investigated to guide the coordination of preparation activities. Finally, based on the proposed approach and strategy, the system prototype has been developed employing the knowledge-based approach. The results of this research will facilitate the rationalization of process preparation and thus shorten the preparation time.
The notion of an intelligent product places suitability for integration firmly on the research agenda. Indeed, this paradigm aims for coordination and integration on a scale that is unseen until today. Note that this applies particularly where it concerns the core businesses of companies. For that reason, this paper presents a novel concept, the intelligent being, as a vehicle to achieve suitability for integration. The concept is applied to intelligent product instances, intelligent product types and intelligent resources alike. The paper identifies: (1) which services and functionalities can be offered by intelligent beings, (2) what are suitable candidate intelligent beings, and what are not. The paper shows that intelligent beings can reflect a corresponding reality – a product – in its current, past and future states. It thus argues for a role of the intelligent being that is analogous to what maps contribute in navigation systems (and may become as important).
In this paper key components in an intelligent product are defined and an associated intelligent product model is formulated. In this model, each product is equipped with an Intelligent Data Unit that connects to a regional back-end service enabler over the Communication Support Infrastructure (e.g. Internet) for lifecycle data transmission. An Intelligent Data Unit is a hardware device that consists of sensors, a controller, memory and data communication interface, which can be embedded into the product to acquire the lifecycle data. A service enabler is a software agent that receives the lifecycle data, and uses it to enable services and provide useful information and knowledge. The analysis and design of a service enabler is described, and a prototype service enabler is developed. It has been demonstrated in field trials that intelligent products built in this way can enable suitable product-related services.
Recent advances in information and communication technologies have allowed manufacturing enterprise to move from highly data-driven environments to a more cooperative information/knowledge-driven environment. Enterprise knowledge sharing (know-how), common best practices use, and open source/web based applications are enabling to achieve the concept of integrated enterprise and hence the implementation and interoperability of networked enterprises. Enterprise integration and interoperability in manufacturing systems is a key concept to face the challenges of these new environments. This paper describes challenges, trends and issues that must be addressed in order to support the generation of new technological solutions.