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Praxiserfahrungen mit MarathonNet – Ein mobiles Sensornetz im Sport
Abstract
Das Forschungsgebiet der Sensornetze sieht massiv verteilte Anwendungen mit einer Vernetzung von hunderten oder tausenden von kleinen meist batteriebetriebenen autarken Endgeräten vor. Aufgrund der zurzeit noch teuren Hardware und des hohen Aufwands von Feldversuchen basieren die Ergebnisse heutzutage weitestgehend auf Simulationen. Der Übergang von der Simulation zum praktischen Einsatz wird von Forschern zunehmend als eine neue Herausforderung gesehen. Unser Projekt MarathonNet hat das Ziel, in einem attraktiven Anwendungsfeld neu entwickelte Verfahren unter praxisrelevanten Umständen zu testen. Wir präsentieren in diesem Artikel unsere ersten Erfahrungen beim Übergang von der virtuellen Welt der Simulation hin zur Ableitung der Anforderungen an die Hardware und Software und berichten von den Ergebnissen beim ersten Einsatz während eines Marathons.
... Within the MarathonNet project a monitoring system for runners in a running event presents various data of the participants to the interested audience, even in the Internet ( [7], [8], [9]). Besides the implementation and evaluation of the system the application puts the main focus on usability and the special requirements of the devices in a sports event. ...
Today, sensor networks are on the way from simulation and short term measurements in the laboratory to real long term applications where devices operate for several weeks without administration. In this paper we describe the design, development and evaluation of a suitable application for further measurements of sensor network protocols and applications where users can benefit from the services of this network in daily life. Energy efficiency, reliability and adaptability are key features to fulfill the requirements of the users. We decide to develop a monitoring system for potted flowers at our institute and support the users with automatically generated decisions for watering the flowers. We perform long term measurements and evaluate the whole system including the benefit that the users experience. In this paper we present first results and the long term evaluation of the system. Full Text at Springer, may require registration or fee
... Hellbrü ck, Lipphardt, Pfisterer, Ransom, and Fischer (2006) and Pfisterer et al. (2006) propose a system which uses ubiquitous technologies in order to make marathon races more entertaining for runners and spectators. Their application is based on a network of sensors attached to the marathon runners. ...
Ubiquitous (pervasive) computing is a term for a synergetic use of sensing, communication and computing. Pervasive use of computing has seen a rapid increase in the current decade. This development has propagated in applied sport science and everyday life. The work presents a survey of recent developments in sport and leisure with emphasis on technology and computational techniques. A detailed analysis on new technological developments is performed. Sensors for position and motion detection, and such for equipment and physiological monitoring are discussed. Aspects of novel trends in communication technologies and data processing are outlined. Computational advancements have started a new trend - development of smart and intelligent systems for a wide range of applications - from model-based posture recognition to context awareness algorithms for nutrition monitoring. Examples particular to coaching and training are discussed. Selected tools for monitoring rules' compliance and automatic decision-making are outlined. Finally, applications in leisure and entertainment are presented, from systems supporting physical activity to systems providing motivation. It is concluded that the emphasis in future will shift from technologies to intelligent systems that allow for enhanced social interaction as efforts need to be made to improve user-friendliness and standardisation of measurement and transmission protocols.
Simulations were standard in the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) research community in the past New protocols and algorithms were validated via simulations by network simulators such as ns2 or GloMoSim. However, even with the increasing number of published simulation papers, contradictory results are decreasing the confidence in simulations today. First experimental results show that simulation models for ad hoc networks are far from being realistic and protocols developed in simulations failed in real word environments. As a result, the demand for experimental results and application deployments within the research community increases. In this paper, we introduce FRED as a suitable application to conduct protocol evaluations as well as user acceptance surveys. FRED (flexible radio enabled dialog) is an enhanced TED-System that allows asynchronous surveys or quizzes with a multi hop radio network, where individual participants conduct the survey independent of others. FRED is based on the pacemate sensor network platform that provides a comfortable lightweight housing, a simple radio interface and an intuitive GUI that allows long term evaluations of user acceptance and network protocols.
In a collaborative effort, the Stanford Taekwondo Program, the Palo Alto Research Center, and Impact Measurement recently developed and introduced sensor technology for the unforgiving environment of the martial arts sparring ring. Our system, called SensorHogu, uses piezoelectric force sensors on body protectors to help Taekwondo judges and referees score tournament matches. We have two objectives for the technology: it should support the judges in accurately scoring the sparring matches, and it should merge with and minimize changes to existing equipment and thus blend into the activity's background. We are currently working with the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) and United States Taekwondo Union (USTU) to validate and certify the equipment for tournament adoption.
The enormous potential for wireless sensor networks to make a positive impact on our society has spawned a great deal of research on the topic, and this research is now producing environment-ready systems. Current technology limits coupled with widely-varying application requirements lead to a diversity of hardware platforms for different portions of the design space. In addition, the unique energy and reliability constraints of a system that must function for months at a time without human intervention mean that demands on sensor network hardware are different from the demands on standard integrated circuits. This paper describes our experiences designing sensor nodes and low level software to control them. In the ZebraNet system we use GPS technology to record fine-grained position data in order to track long term animal migrations [14]. The ZebraNet hardware is composed of a 16-bit TI microcontroller, 4 Mbits of off-chip flash memory, a 900 MHz radio, and a low-power GPS chip. In this paper, we discuss our techniques for devising efficient power supplies for sensor networks, methods of managing the energy consumption of the nodes, and methods of managing the peripheral devices including the radio, flash, and sensors. We conclude by evaluating the design of the ZebraNet nodes and discussing how it can be improved. Our lessons learned in developing this hardware can be useful both in designing future sensor nodes and in using them in real systems.