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All content in this area was uploaded by David W Johnson on Dec 20, 2013
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.37'8*'E*-/6X?':'1.-0,/<'*E',U+,-0R,3/.;'8,//0348'.37'/.8I8'S,-,'N8,7'03'/6,'8/N70,8'<0,;7034'
,EE,Q/'80V,8'E*-'/6,'7,+,37,3/'1.-0.M;,'*E'.Q60,1,R,3/?'
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.37'd;I03'WJLbKXA')**+,-'WJLbLXA'#N3/,-A'CQ6R07/A'.37'@.QI8*3'WJLbPXA'.37'Y;.88A'5QY.SA'
.37'CR0/6'WJLbJX?'&6,',EE,Q/'80V,'d S.8'/6,'70EE,-,3Q,'M,/S,,3'/-,./R,3/'70107,7'M<'/6,'
+**;,7'8/.37.-7'7,10./0*3'*E'/6,'/S*'4-*N+8'W)*6,3A'JLbLX?'>6,3'R,.38'S,-,'3*/'401,3A'MN/'
80430E0Q.3Q,'/.8I'-,8N;/8'S,-,A'/6,'F, TA'*-'&'2 S.8'Q*31,-/,7'/*'d'W)**+,-A'JLbLX?':;;',EE,Q/'
80V,8'S,-,'.7[N8/,7'/*'Q*3/-*;'E*-'8R.;;'8.R+;,'M0.8'W#,74,8'Z'd;I03A'JLbKX?'>0/603'8/N70,8'
S6,-,'/6,-,'S,-,'RN;/0+;,'.Q60,1,R,3/'R,.8N-,8A'/6,'.1,-.4,',EE,Q/'80V,'S.8'E*N37'M<'
.1,-.4034'/6,'RN;/0+;,'R,.8N-,8'/*'7,-01,'*3,',EE,Q/'80V,'E*-',.Q6'/-,./R,3/'Q*3/-.8/?'&6,'
R,.3'S,046/,7',EE,Q/'80V,'S.8'E*N37'M<'RN;/0+;<034',.Q6'037,+,37,3/',EE,Q/'80V,'M<'/6,'
031,-8,'*E'0/8'1.-0.3Q,'.37'/6,3'/6,'8NR'*E'/6,8,'+-*7NQ/8'S.8'70107,7'M<'/6,'8NR'*E'/6,'
031,-8,8?'&6,'-,8N;/034'S,046/,7'R,.3',EE,Q/'80V,'08'-,E,--,7'/*'.8'f7j?f')*3E07,3Q,'03/,-1.;8'
WLK'+,-Q,3/X'S,-,'Q.;QN;./,7'/*'7,/,-R03,'/6,'8/./08/0Q.;'80430E0Q.3Q,'*E',.Q6'S,046/,7'R,.3'
,EE,Q/'80V,'W)**+,-A'JLbLX?'&,8/8'E*-'6*R*4,3,0/<'*E'1.-0.3Q,'WkSX'*E',EE,Q/'80V,8'S,-,'
Q.;QN;./,7'?'
!"#$%$&'%'(')**+,-./01,'2,.-3034'5,/6*789':'5,/.':3.;<808''
Results
)6.-.Q/,-08/0Q8'dE'&6,'C/N70,8'
:'/*/.;'*E'JKb'8/N70,8'*3'8+,Q0E0Q'Q**+,-./01,';,.-3034'8/N70,8'R,/'/6,'Q-0/,-0.'E*-'03Q;N80*3'03'
/608'R,/.T.3.;<808?'&6,'Q6.-.Q/,-08/0Q8'*E'/6,'8/N70,8'.-,'E*N37'03'&.M;,'P?':;;'8/N70,8'6.1,'
M,,3'Q*37NQ/,7'803Q,'JL`G'S0/6'Pb'+,-Q,3/'Q*37NQ/,7'803Q,'JLLG?'&60-/<'+,-Q,3/'707'3*/'
-.37*R;<'.88043'+.-/0Q0+.3/8'/*'Q*370/0*38A'OK'+,-Q,3/'-.37*R;<'.88043,7'+.-/0Q0+.3/8'/*'
Q*370/0*38A'.37'PK'+,-Q,3/'-.37*R;<'.88043,7'4-*N+8'/*'Q*370/0*38?']*-/<T80U'+,-Q,3/'S,-,'
Q*37NQ/,7'03',;,R,3/.-<'8Q6**;8A'PG'+,-Q,3/'S,-,'Q*37NQ/,7'03'R077;,'8Q6**;8A'JJ'+,-Q,3/'
S,-,'Q*37NQ/,7'03'6046'8Q6**;8A'.37'PO'+,-Q,3/'S,-,'Q*37NQ/,7'03'+*8/T8,Q*37.-<'.37'.7N;/'
8,//0348?'C0U/<T80U'+,-Q,3/'*E'/6,'8/N70,8'S,-,'+NM;086,7'03'[*N-3.;8?']0E/<T/S*'+,-Q,3/';.8/,7'
E*-'P'/*'PL'8,880*38'W.'8,880*3'S.8'7,E03,7'.8'FG'R03N/,8'*-';,88XA'.37'OF'+,-Q,3/';.8/,7'E*-'^G'
8,880*38'*-'R*-,?'l03,/<TE*N-'+,-Q,3/'*E'/6,'8/N70,8'031*;1,7'R0U,7'4,37,-'4-*N+8?']*N-'
8/N70,8'S,-,'Q*37NQ/,7'03'C*N/6,.8/':80.A'^'8/N70,8'S,-,'Q*37NQ/,7'03'/6,'5077;,'!.8/A'^'
8/N70,8'S,-,'Q*37NQ/,7'03'!N-*+,A'E*N-'8/N70,8'S,-,'Q*37NQ/,7'03':E-0Q.A'.37'8,1,-.;'*E'/6,'
l*-/6':R,-0Q.3'8/N70,8'Q*3/.03,7'R03*-0/<'4-*N+'8/N7,3/8?'
7&85$*<2*=$,$%&5*!/&%&>'$%(1'(>1*:;*?'@0($1*:;*!""#$%&'()$*+$&%,(,-*.$'/"01'
Characteristic'Number'Percent'
JL`G'('JL`L' PF' JF'
JLbG'('JLbL' bb' KF'
JLLG'('JLLL' OO' Pb'
'' '' ''
l*'B.37*R':88043R,3/' Ob' ^G'
B.37*R;<':88043,7'CNM[,Q/8' `J' OK'
B.37*R;<':88043,7'Y-*N+8A'CNM[,Q/'D30/'*E':3.;<808' ^G' JL'
B.37*R;<':88043,7'Y-*N+8A'Y-*N+'D30/'*E':3.;<808' L' F'
'' '' ''
H-0R.-<'Wc'T'^X' PP' JO'
$3/,-R,70./,'WO'T'FX' O^' P`'
H-0R.-<'Z'$3/,-R,70./,' b' K'
5077;,'CQ6**;'W`'T'LX' ^P' PG'
#046'CQ6**;'WJG'T'JPX' J`' JJ'
H*8/'C,Q*37.-<' ^^' PJ'
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'' '' ''
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&,Q630Q.;'B,+*-/' J`' JJ'
D3+NM;086,7' F' O'
'' '' ''
J'C,880*3' ^' P'
P'T'L'C,880*38' ^b' PO'
JG'T'PL'C,880*38' OK' Pb'
^Gj'C,880*38' `P' OF'
'' '' ''
C.R,'Y,37,-'Y-*N+8' JG' F'
50U,7'Y,37,-'Y-*N+8' JOb' LO'
&*/.;' JKb' JGG'
&*/.;'lNRM,-'*E'B,+*-/8'm'JKba'&*/.;'lNRM,-'*E'C/N70,8'm'JFO'W8*R,'-,+*-/8'4.1,'-,8N;/8'E*-'
RN;/0+;,'8/N70,8X'
!"#$%$&'%'(')**+,-./01,'2,.-3034'5,/6*789':'5,/.':3.;<808''
Table 3: Meta-Analysis Results For Cooperative Learning Methods'
''
Average Effect Sizes''Weighted Effect Sizes''' ' '
Learning Together'Effect'Sd'K'Effect'SE'k'Cld
95%'
fsn'Qw'pvalue df'
)**+,-./0*3'18?')*R+,/0/0*3' G?bP' G?KG' PK G?`G' G?GF' PK' jG?JP' FP' KO?P^' G?GG' PO'
)**+,-./01,'18?'$370107N.;?' J?G^' G?FL' KF G?LJ' G?GO' KF' jG?Gb' PGG' Jbb?FF G?GG' KK'
)*R+,/0/01,'18?'
$370107N.;08/0Q'
G?GF' G?O`' JG G?Gb' G?JG' JG' jG?JL' G' JK?`F' G?G`' L'
TGT'' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
$3/,-4-*N+')*R+'18?'
)*R+,/0/0*3'
G?Ob' G?FL' L' G?O`' G?GK' L' jG?JG' JP' JOJ?^G G?GG' b'
$3/,-4-*N+')*R+'18?'
$370107N.;08/0Q'
G?Kb' G?O^' K' G?KK' G?JJ' K' jG?PP' L' JG?FG' G?G^' O'
Group Investigation'' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
)**+,-./0*3'18?')*R+,/0/0*3' G?^`' J?JL' P' G?bF' G?JO' P' jG?P`' `' PO?`^' G?GG' J'
)**+,-./0*3'18?'$370107N.;?' G?FP' ' J' G?FP' G?OO' J' jG?bF' P' G?GG' ' G'
Academic Controversy'' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
)**+,-./01,'18?')*R+,/0/0*3' G?KL' G?OO' JF G?FJ' G?G`' JF' jG?JO' ^P' ^F?bP' G?GG' JK'
)**+,-./01,'18?'$370107N.;?' G?LJ' G?KL' JJ G?bF' G?JG' JJ' jG?JL' ^F' PP?Gb' G?GJ' JG'
Jigsaw'' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
)**+,-./0*3'18?')*R+,/0/0*3' G?PL' G?`b' L' G?OJ' G?GK' L' jG?JJ' L' Fb?OF' G?GG' b'
)**+,-./0*3'18?'$370107N.;?' G?J^' G?PL' K' G?GL' G?JJ' K' jG?PJ' G' O?bF' G?^G' O'
STAD'Effect'Sd'K'Effect'SE'k'Cld
95%'
fsn'Qw'pvalue Df'
$3/,-4-*N+')*R+'18?'
)*R+,/0/0*3'
G?KJ' G?`P' JK G?OF' G?GK' JK' jG?GL' JL' PGK?^P G?GG' JO'
$3/,-4-*N+')*R+'18?'$370107?' G?PL' G?`J' JO G?Pb' G?G`' JO' jG?JO' F' K^?bL' G?GG' J^'
TAI'' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
)**+,-./01,'18?')*R+,/0/01,' G?PK' G?JO' `' G?JL' G?GO' `' jG?GL' G' O?LP' G?KK' F'
)**+,-./01,'18?'$370107N.;?' G?^^' G?PF' b' G?JL' G?GF' b' jG?JP' G' JJ?K`' G?JP' `'
)*R+,/0/01,'18?'$370107N.;?' TG?Gb' G?KP' P' TG?^P' G?J^' P' jG?PK' G' K?GG' G?G^' J'
CIRC'' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
)**+,-./0*3'18?')*R+,/0/0*3' G?Jb' G?P^' `' G?PG' G?GO' `' jG?G`' G' J^?O^' G?GO' F'
)**+,-./0*3'18?'$370107N.;?' G?Jb' G?GG' J' G?Jb' G?GG' J' jG?PP' G' G?GG' ' G'
l*/,9'87'm'8/.37.-7'7,10./0*3a'I'm'/6,'3NRM,-'*E'.1,-.4,7',EE,Q/'80V,8'03'/6,'R,/.T.3.;<808a'
C!'m'8/.37.-7',--*-a');7'LKn'm'/6,'1.;N,'*E'/6,'LKn'Q*3E07,3Q,'03/,-1.;'.-*N37'/6,'S,046/,7'
,EE,Q/'80V,a'E83'm'E.0;'8.E,'l'W/6,'3NRM,-'*E'.770/0*3.;'8/N70,8'3,,7,7'/*'Q6.34,'/6,'
80430E0Q.3Q,'*E'/6,'-,8N;/8'M,;*S'G?PGX?'
!"#$%$&'%'(')**+,-./01,'2,.-3034'5,/6*789':'5,/.':3.;<808''
Results For Different Cooperative Learning Methods
&6,'-,8N;/8'E*-'/6,'70EE,-,3/'R,/6*78'*E'Q**+,-./01,';,.-3034'.++,.-'03'&.M;,'^?'>60;,'M*/6'
/6,'.1,-.4,7'.37'/6,'S,046/,7',EE,Q/'80V,8'.++,.-'03'&.M;,'^A'*3;<'/6,'.1,-.4,7',EE,Q/'80V,8'
.-,'708QN88,7'6,-,?']*-'2,.-3034'&*4,/6,-A'Q**+,-./0*3'+-*R*/,8'6046,-'.Q60,1,R,3/'/6.3'7*'
Q*R+,/0/01,'*-'0370107N.;08/0Q',EE*-/8'W,EE,Q/'80V,8'm'G?bP'.37'J?G^'-,8+,Q/01,;<X?'&6,-,'/,378'
/*'M,'3*'R,.3034EN;'70EE,-,3Q,'M,/S,,3'Q*R+,/0/01,'.37'0370107N.;08/0Q',EE*-/8A',EE,Q/'80V,'m'
G?GF?']*-'&,.R8TY.R,8T&*N-3.R,3/8'W&Y&XA'Q**+,-./0*3'+-*R*/,8'6046,-'.Q60,1,R,3/'/6.3'
7*'Q*R+,/0/01,'*-'0370107N.;08/0Q',EE*-/8'W,EE,Q/'80V,8'm'G?Ob'.37'G?Kb'-,8+,Q/01,;<X?']*-'Y-*N+'
$31,8/04./0*3A'Q**+,-./0*3'+-*R*/,8'6046,-'.Q60,1,R,3/'/6.3'7*'Q*R+,/0/01,'*-'0370107N.;08/0Q'
,EE*-/8'W,EE,Q/'80V,8'm'G?^`'.37'G?FP'-,8+,Q/01,;<X?']*-':Q.7,R0Q')*3/-*1,-8<A'Q**+,-./0*3'
+-*R*/,8'6046,-'.Q60,1,R,3/'/6.3'7*'Q*R+,/0/01,'*-'0370107N.;08/0Q',EE*-/8'W,EE,Q/'80V,8'm'
G?KL'.37'G?LJ'-,8+,Q/01,;<X?']*-'@048.SA'Q**+,-./0*3'+-*R*/,8'6046,-'.Q60,1,R,3/'/6.3'7*'
Q*R+,/0/01,'*-'0370107N.;08/0Q',EE*-/8'W,EE,Q/'80V,8'm'G?PL'.37'G?J^'-,8+,Q/01,;<X?']*-'C/N7,3/T
&,.R8T:Q60,1,R,3/T=01080*38A'Q**+,-./0*3'+-*R*/,8'6046,-'.Q60,1,R,3/'/6.3'7*'
Q*R+,/0/01,'*-'0370107N.;08/0Q',EE*-/8'W,EE,Q/'80V,8'm'G?KJ'.37'G?PL'-,8+,Q/01,;<X?']*-'&,.R'
:8808/,7'$370107N.;0V./0*3A'Q**+,-./0*3'+-*R*/,8'6046,-'.Q60,1,R,3/'/6.3'7*'Q*R+,/0/01,'*-'
0370107N.;08/0Q',EE*-/8'W,EE,Q/'80V,8'm'G?PK'.37'G?^^'-,8+,Q/01,;<X?'&6,-,'/,378'/*'M,'3*'
R,.3034EN;'70EE,-,3Q,'M,/S,,3'Q*R+,/0/01,'.37'0370107N.;08/0Q',EE*-/8A',EE,Q/'80V,'m'TG?Gb?'
]03.;;<A'E*-')**+,-./01,'$3/,4-./,7'B,.7034'.37')*R+*80/0*3A'Q**+,-./0*3'+-*R*/,8'6046,-'
.Q60,1,R,3/'/6.3'7*'Q*R+,/0/01,'*-'0370107N.;08/0Q',EE*-/8'W,EE,Q/'80V,8'm'G?Jb'.37'G?Jb'
-,8+,Q/01,;<X?'&6,'-,8N;/8'E*-'/6,'S,046/,7',EE,Q/'80V,8'S,-,'1,-<'80R0;.-A'8*R,S6./';*S,-'E*-'
2,.-3034'&*4,/6,-'.37'&:$'.37'8*R,S6./'6046,-'E*-'Y-*N+'$31,8/04./0*3'.37'@048.S?'l*'
8/N70,8'S,-,'E*N37'E*-')**+,-./01,'2,.-3034'C/-NQ/N-,8?'&6,-,'.-,'8/N70,8'*E')*R+;,U'
$38/-NQ/0*3'W8,,')*6,3'Z'2*/.3A'JLL`XA'MN/'/6,'8/N70,8'Q*R+.-,7'Q*R+;,U'038/-NQ/0*3'S0/6'
*/6,-'4-*N+'038/-NQ/0*3.;'+-*Q,7N-,8'W-./6,-'/6.3'Q*R+.-034'/6,R'S0/6'Q*R+,/0/01,'*-'
0370107N.;08/0Q'038/-NQ/0*3X'.37A'/6,-,E*-,A'-,;,1.3/',EE,Q/T80V,8'Q*N;7'3*/'M,'7,-01,7?'
7&85$*A2*B&,C(,-*:;*!""#$%&'()$*+$&%,(,-*.$'/"01'
5,/6*7' )**+'1')*R+' 3' 5,/6*7' )**+'1'$37' l'
2&' G?bK' PF' 2&' J?GO' K`'
:)' G?F`' JL' :)' G?LJ' JJ'
C&:=' G?KJ' JK' Y$' G?FP' J'
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@048.S' G?PL' L' C&:=' G?PL' JO'
&:$' G?PK' `' )$B)' G?Jb' J'
)$B)' G?Jb' `' @048.S' G?J^' K'
&6,'Q**+,-./01,';,.-3034'R,/6*78'R.<'M,'-.3I,7'M<'/6,'80V,'*E'/6,',EE,Q/'/6,<'6.1,'*3'
.Q60,1,R,3/'.37'M<'/6,'3NRM,-'*E'Q*R+.-08*38'.1.0;.M;,'W8,,'&.M;,'OX?'>6,3'/6,'0R+.Q/'*E'
Q**+,-./01,';,88*38'08'Q*R+.-,7'S0/6'Q*R+,/0/01,';,.-3034A'2,.-3034'&*4,/6,-'+-*R*/,8'/6,'
!"#$%$&'%'(')**+,-./01,'2,.-3034'5,/6*789':'5,/.':3.;<808''
4-,./,8/',EE,Q/A'E*;;*S,7'M<')*38/-NQ/01,')*3/-*1,-8<A'C&:=A'&Y&A'Y-*N+'$31,8/04./0*3A'
@048.SA'&:$A'.37'E03.;;<')$B)?'>6,3'/6,'0R+.Q/'*E'Q**+,-./01,';,88*38'08'Q*R+.-,7'S0/6'
0370107N.;08/0Q';,.-3034A'2,.-3034'&*4,/6,-'+-*R*/,8'/6,'4-,./,8/',EE,Q/A'E*;;*S,7'M<'
)*38/-NQ/01,')*3/-*1,-8<A'Y-*N+'$31,8/04./0*3A'&Y&A'&:$A'C&:=A'@048.SA'.37')$B)?'&6,-,'
.-,'-,.8*38A'6*S,1,-A'S6<'/6,8,'-.3I0348'86*N;7'M,'8N44,8/01,'*3;<?'&6,'E,S'3NRM,-'*E'
8/N70,8'Q*37NQ/,7'*3'8,1,-.;'*E'/6,'R,/6*78'R.I,8'/6,',EE,Q/'80V,8'1,-<'/,3/./01,?'$3'.770/0*3A'
70EE,-,3/'R,.8N-,8'*E'.Q60,1,R,3/'S,-,'N8,7'03'/6,'70EE,-,3/'8/N70,8?'&6,'Q*3E07,3Q,'
,7NQ./*-8'Q.3'6.1,'03'/6,',EE,Q/'80V,8A'EN-/6,-R*-,A'08'031,-8,;<'-,;./,7'/*'/6,'3NRM,-'*E'
8/N70,8'/6./'6.1,'M,,3'Q*37NQ/,7'*3'/6,'R,/6*7?'>6,3'/6,'R,/6*78'.-,'-.3I,7'M<'/6,'3NRM,-'
*E',EE,Q/8'.88*Q0./,7'S0/6',.Q6'E0370348A'E*-'/6,'Q**+,-./01,'1,-8N8'Q*R+,/0/01,'Q*R+.-08*3A'
/6,'-.3I034'*E'/6,'R,/6*78'08'2,.-3034'&*4,/6,-A':Q.7,R0Q')*3/-*1,-8<A'C&:=A'@048.SA'
&Y&A'&:$A')$B)A'.37'Y-*N+'$31,8/04./0*3?']*-'/6,'Q**+,-./01,'1,-8N8'0370107N.;08/0Q'
Q*R+.-08*3A'/6,'-.3I034'08'2,.-3034'&*4,/6,-A':Q.7,R0Q')*3/-*1,-8<A'C&:=A'&:$A'&Y&A'
Y-*N+'$31,8/04./0*3A'.37')$B)?'
7&85$*D2*B&'(,-*:;*E(%$>'4!",>$#'@&5*F&'@%$*:;*!""#$%&'()$*+$&%,(,-*.$'/"01'
Method'Learn'Initial
Use'
Maintain'Robust'Adaptability'Total'
2,.-3034'&*4,/6,-' K' K' K' K' K' PK'
&Y&' ^' ^' J' P' P' JJ'
Y-*N+'$31,8/04./0*3' K' K' ^' P' P' J`'
:Q.7,R0Q')*3/-*1,-8<' K' K' K' O' O' P^'
@048.S' P' P' ^' ^' ^' J^'
C&:=' P' P' J' P' P' L'
&:$' P' P' J' J' J' `'
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