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Subjective Measures of Well-Being
Abstract
Traditionally, the "happiness" of the American population has been measured in economic or objective terms. But research (A. Campbell et al, in press) indicates that between 1957 and 1972, while the economic and social indicators were rapidly moving upward, the proportion of the population who described themselves as "very happy" declined steadily, particularly among the most affluent portion of the population. It is argued that in order to describe the quality of the experience of the population, more subjective measures are needed to examine the experience itself. Three general measures of life experience (satisfaction with life, affective quality of life, and perceived stress) are discussed in terms of an earlier (1972) author-conducted study. Findings from that study indicate that while the 3 measures are moderately related to each, people living in different circumstances express different patterns of well-being and that these patterns reflect the peculiar quality of the situation in which they live. (18 ref)
... It also applied to assigning a level of importance to each aspect of the built environment (availability, accessibility, operational and perceived quality, and impact) in order to better understand the development priorities of the local population (Bubolz et al. 1980;Casini et al. 2021). These are all input measures of WB contributing to a good life as an environmental enabler, but even the complete fulfillment of these conditions alone cannot ensure a good life (Campbell 1976). ...
... The religious dimension encompasses input measures focusing on religious facilities and services (Auh and Cook 2009;Witten, Exeter, and Field 2003) and the overall political environment as a (dis)abler of religious freedom (Wills-Herrera et al. 2011). The spirituality dimension incorporates the impact measures of the religious environment, focusing on one's religious practices (Arku, Filson, and Shute 2008;Botterman et al. 2012;Wong et al. 2021) and convictions (Campbell 1976;Delbosc and Currie 2011), as well as their influence on one's life (Darviri et al. 2012). ...
... Life satisfaction. Some argue that overall life satisfaction is the ultimate measure of WB (e.g., Cheung and Lucas 2014;Diener et al. 1985;Ryff 2014), as WB is more about how people feel about what they have than actually what they have (Campbell 1976;Sen 1985). In other cases, while not claiming that life satisfaction is the ultimate measure of WB, life dissatisfaction is regarded as one of the main deprivation measures (e.g., Murphy and Scott 2014;OECD 2020). ...
While a substantial body of literature has been built on rural well-being, due to the great heterogeneity of rural territories, the literature is highly fragmented, even contradictory. Moreover, no systematic review of the entire domain exists to guide rural decision-makers. Debated conceptualization, contradicting results, and pressing policy requirements make it timely to deliver a systematized state-of-the-art on rural well-being to anchor public policies in the rural development domain. By systematically reviewing the scholarly literature on rural well-being and all documents developed by government and private entities that academia highlighted as relevant to this subject, the study provides a bibliometric and thematic analysis of the domain without a time limit. Thirty-three rural well-being dimensions and over 9,000 indicators within these dimensions have been identified, their interconnections established and their relevance to international development goals highlighted. The study presents the structure and content of this indicator database and provides suggestions for rural researchers and policymakers on how to use it to build their own well-being framework. It also provides an overview of each rural well-being dimension by discussing the key theories, the main inconsistencies, the most relevant studies and authors, the fundamental measurement frameworks, and the indicators used.
... Definitions of quality of life have often been used synonymously with other subjective concepts encompassing tangible and intangible elements, including life satisfaction, well-being, contentment, and good life (Cheng, 1988;Diener, 1984;Rice, 1984). Defined in terms of wellbeing, contentment, and standard of living, the notion of quality of life is contextual and individual in nature (Campbell et al., 1976). Frequently, an individual's quality correlates with their capability. ...
... Several domains are examined in quality of life research, including housing, finances, health and personal safety, family life, relationships with superiors, subordinates, and colleagues, the neighborhood community, the workplace environment, and career advancement (Verwayen, 1980;Zapf, 1980;McKennell, 1978). The working environment is a significant determinant of combat readiness, according to studies on work quality and quality of life (Campbell, 1976;Andrews & Withey, 1976;Flanagen, 1978;Bestuzhey-Lada, 1980;Murrell et al., 1983;Glatzer, 1987;Rath & Harter, 2010). Soldiers are incentivized to enhance their work efficacy in the performance of military duties due to the fact that such an environment fosters a sense of accountability, discipline, and mental and physical prowess (Rath & Harter, 2010). ...
The hybrid synchronization of tangible military logistics provides the formulae for military preparedness in anticipation of combat duties common for militaries globally. The military combat readiness is formulated with a mathematical formula for the tangible military logistics requirements at all times. Situational Forces Scoring (SFS) provides the quantitative numerical measurement for military combat readiness preparedness in anticipation for operational duties in logistics and manpower planning. In addition to identifying and measuring the intangible human components of soldiers in the areas of morale, quality of life, and military psychological aspects, this study will consists of four antecedents for each domain. This quantitative research was conducted with 2466 military personnels working in operational areas throughout Malaysia. PLS-SEM provided the statistical validation of the model with the data (n = 2466). The outcomes of the statistical analysis shows that the R2 value of 62.9% of intangible human elements is explained by exogenous variables of morale, quality of life, and psychological. Results indicate that morale (β= 0.578) has the highest direct effect on the measure of combat readiness as compared to psychological (β= 0.171) and quality of life (β= 0.091). The morale variable of soldiers provides the platform for high performance in combat duties. The results of this research indicate that the 983 This work is licensed under CC BY 4.0 morale of soldiers must be consistently reinforced so that individual soldiers provide the dimensions for collectively team performance in the Malaysian Armed Forces during combat duties. Efforts to effectively improve quality of life and psychological problems should also be emphasized with greater emphasis on improving overall unseen combat readiness. Many defence and security agencies will benefit from this research as they can adopt this research model for their operational prepardness and readiness in their organizations.
... Conversely, the understanding that this concert is more of a segmented tertiary need can support the interpretation that happiness is not always linked to participation in specific entertainment experiences. In the context of subjective well-being, an individual's views on social reality, including assessments of economic disparities and personal roles in shaping the situation, can form an integral part of their subjective evaluations of life as a whole (Campbell, 1976). In other words, how someone perceives and navigates social reality can influence their levels of happiness and subjective well-being (Campbell, 1976). ...
... In the context of subjective well-being, an individual's views on social reality, including assessments of economic disparities and personal roles in shaping the situation, can form an integral part of their subjective evaluations of life as a whole (Campbell, 1976). In other words, how someone perceives and navigates social reality can influence their levels of happiness and subjective well-being (Campbell, 1976). ...
This article examines the influence of social media on the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) phenomenon and the constraint of reality in society, with a specific focus on the Coldplay Jakarta 2023 Concert. The research aims to critically analyze the FOMO phenomenon on social media that emerged during the Coldplay Jakarta 2023 Concert, providing insights into the reality disparities in society. This study adopts a qualitative research method through online-distributed open-ended questionnaires to the audience of the Coldplay Jakarta 2023 Concert. Variables investigated in this research encompass responses to the phenomenon and the social realities that emerged during the Coldplay Jakarta 2023 Concert through various dimensions and indicators. The research findings indicate that social media has a significant influence in creating the FOMO phenomenon at the Coldplay Jakarta 2023 Concert across various societal segments. Although the FOMO phenomenon induced by social media at the Coldplay Jakarta 2023 Concert can impact diverse segments of society, social media does not contribute to the formation of disparities in society.
... In essence, it is the resultant state experienced when emotions felt within daily life are fulfilled. From this perspective, life satisfaction can be interpreted as closely related to one's expectations, drawing parallels to the concept of happiness [35]. However, there is a distinction to be made between happiness and life satisfaction [36]. ...
In investigating indoor virtual golf's impact on self-efficacy and life satisfaction, this study surveyed South Korean adults from March 1 to March 15, 2024. This study examined the motivational factors driving participation in indoor virtual golf and the subsequent effects on self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Data analysis showed that skill development significantly improved self-efficacy (β = .601, p < .001), while increased physical activity surprisingly showed a negative correlation (β = -.523, p < .001). Joyfulness was a strong positive predictor of life satisfaction ( β = 1.161, p < .001), suggesting that the enjoyment derived from playing indoor virtual golf could contribute to overall life contentment. Furthermore, self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between the intention to participate in indoor virtual golf and life satisfaction, indicating the critical role of self-belief in enhancing personal well-being. This study concluded that the participation intention in indoor virtual golf significantly boosts individuals' confidence in their capabilities and overall satisfaction with life, emphasizing the importance of psychological factors in virtual sports activities, which suggests a focus on skill development and fostering joy to enhance participant satisfaction.
... The Chinese translation [22] of the Satisfaction with Life Scale [23] consists of 9 items: 8 for overall affective index and 1 for life satisfaction. The scale is used to measure the participant's current level of experienced happiness. ...
Objective: This study examined the relationship between well-being, psychological resilience, and burnout among nursing interns in China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at 2 tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province, China. Data were collected from 360 nursing interns using a structured questionnaire, and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the correlation between well-being, resilience, and burnout.Results: Participants’ burnout score was in the upper range (mean [M]=12.748, standard deviation [SD] = 6.654). Burnout was negatively correlated with resilience (r = -0.477, p < .01) and well-being (r = -0.573, p < .01). Well-being mediated the relationship between resilience and burnout.Conclusions: Resilience and well-being are inversely correlated with burnout, and well-being mediates the relationship between resilience and burnout. Improving well-being can reduce burnout risk and improve resilience among nursing interns. To prevent burnout among nursing interns, nursing managers should aim to improve their well-being by optimizing the work environment, promoting the cohesion of the nursing team, actively guiding and providing necessary help, and supporting the development of each intern’s nursing career.
... Subjective well-being was assessed using the well-being index developed by Campbell [36]. The scale includes two components: the index of general affect, which consists of eight emotional items, and the index of life satisfaction, comprising two items related to life satisfaction. ...
Background: Loneliness is increasingly emerging as a significant public health problem in children and adolescents. Predicting loneliness and finding its risk factors in children and adolescents is lacking and necessary, and would greatly help determine intervention actions. Objective: This study aimed to find appropriate machine learning techniques to predict loneliness and its associated risk factors among schoolchildren. Methods: The data were collected from an ongoing prospective puberty cohort that was established in Chongqing, Southwest China. This study used 822 subjects (46.84% boys, age range: 11–16) followed in 2019. Five models, (a) random forest, (b) extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), (c) logistic regression, (d) neural network, and (e) support vector machine were applied to predict loneliness. A total of 39 indicators were collected and 28 predictors were finally included for prediction after data pre-processing, including demographic, parental relationship, mental health, pubertal development, behaviors, and environmental factors. Model performance was determined by accuracy and AUC. Additionally, random forest and XGBoost were applied to identify the important factors. The XGBoost algorithm with SHAP was also used to interpret the results of our ML model. Results: All machine learning performed with favorable accuracy. Compared to random forest (AUC: 0.87 (95%CI: 0.80, 0.93)), logistic regression (AUC: 0.80 (95%CI: 0.70, 0.89)), neural network (AUC: 0.80 (95%CI: 0.71, 0.89)), and support vector machine (AUC: 0.79 (95%CI: 0.79, 0.89)), XGBoost algorithm had the highest AUC values 0.87 (95%CI: 0.80, 0.93) in the test set, although the difference was not significant between models. Peer communication, index of general affect, peer alienation, and internet addiction were the top four significant factors of loneliness in children and adolescents. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that machine learning has considerable potential to predict loneliness in children. This may be valuable for the early identification and intervention of loneliness.
... zsúfoltság, közlekedési problémák, környezeti ártalmak, klímastressz stb.). Az elmúlt évtizedekben számos olyan publikáció született, melyek a városok élhetőségének kulcstényezőit vették számba, s ez alapján, különböző indexek és mérőszámok segítségével állítottak fel rangsorokat a világ, vagy egyes kontinensek városaira (Marans-Rodgers 1975;Campbell 1976;Okulicz-Kozaryn 2013). Ezen tanulmányokban általános szabályszerűségekre és egyetemes igazságokra lelni meglehetősen nehéz, hiszen "ahány ház, annyi szokás" jelleggel mindenki máshova helyezi a hangsúlyt. ...
A civil társadalom részvétele, aktív bevonása a várospolitikai döntéshozatalba és városfejlesztésbe napjaink egyik megkerülhetetlen közpolitikai kérdése, de egyben kihívása is. Ahhoz, hogy városainkat élhetőbbé, fenntarthatóbbá és befogadóbbá tegyük, meg kell teremteni azokat az intézményesült kereteket, ahol a civil szervezetek közvetlenül is hallatni tudják hangjukat a helyi ügyekben. Mindezt a politikai szereplők is egyre inkább felismerik, belátva, hogy a civil szervezetek bevonása nemcsak hatékonyabbá teszi a fejlesztéseket, de legitimálja is azokat. Emellett a helyi társadalom tagjai is egyre gyakrabban lépnek fel cselekvően a helyi vonatkozású ügyekben. A tanulmány a részvételi, vagy másnéven deliberatív demokrácia különböző formáinak nemzetközi elterjedését és hazai megjelenését mutatja be, különös tekintettel a fővárosra és kerületeire. A kutatás fő kérdései: a szakirodalom alapján a deliberatív demokrácia milyen formái terjedtek el világszerte a városok fejlesztése terén, ezeknek milyen változatai jelentek meg Magyarországon és különösen Budapesten? A kutatás tartalomelemzésen és félig strukturált mélyinterjúkon alapul, amelyeket szakpolitikusok, önkormányzati szakemberek és civil szervezetek képviselői körében végeztünk 2023 és 2024 során, s amely elsősorban arészvételi kultúra fővárosi megjelenését és jelenlegi helyzetét igyekezett feltárni. A kutatás során igyekeztünk megismerni az alulról szerveződő nagyvárosi grassroot mozgalmak szárnybontogatásait a rendszerváltozástól napjainkig; a részvételi eszköztár megvalósított és tervezett elemeit; valamint a civil és önkormányzati kapcsolatok konfliktusait és érdekütközéseit. A vizsgálat alapján megállapítható, hogy az elmúlt években számos gyümölcsöző civil-önkormányzati együttműködés jött létre a fővárosban, azonban a civil szféra és a helyi hatalom között sok területen konfliktusok alakultak ki, amelyek többnyire a szemléletbeli különbségekből és az eltérő működési mechanizmusokból adódtak. A kutatás arra is rámutatott, hogy a civil szervek közül azok tudják legsikeresebben képviselni ügyeiket, amelyek erős helyi beágyazottsággal, és/vagy nagy szakértői bázissal rendelkeznek, és az önkormányzat számára is képesek segítséget nyújtani. Budapesten az elmúlt években a részvételi eszköztár fokozatos bővülése volt megfigyelhető és egyre több olyan innovátorról lehet beszélni, akik katalizálni tudják ezeket a folyamatokat. A siker pedig a kitartáson, a városvezetők prioritásain, a civilek aktivizmusán és a két oldal hatékony kooperációján múlik. A téma a következő öt éves önkormányzati ciklusban vélhetően még inkább előtérbe kerül majd Budapesten és számos vidéki nagyvárosban a 2024. június 9-i választások fényében. Véleményünk szerint a részvételi demokrácia a helyes út a hatékonyabb, fenntarthatóbb és igazságosabb városfejlesztés felé, amelyben az állampolgárok aktívan és elkötelezetten képesek alakítani a városukat, ezzel elősegítve nemcsak a városi infrastruktúraés a szolgáltatások színvonalának emelkedését, hanem a közélet, a közbeszéd, a társadalmi szolidaritás és kohézió erősödését is.
... These included: marriage, family life, health, neighbours, housework, professional career, life in the US, residential environment, education and standard of living (2,13). Based on his study, Campbell found that there is no clear relationship between the objective parameters of QoL and the level of satisfaction with life (14). ...
Background
Based on its definition of an individual’s quality of life, the World Health Organization identified the following six basic domains of this concept: physical domain, psychological domain, level of independence, social relationships, environment and spirituality. The aim of the study was to examine these quality of life dimensions in pre-older and older adults in relation to selected sociodemographic variables.
Methods
The study included 2,040 adults aged 55 or older. It was conducted using a diagnostic survey by means of a questionnaire with sociodemographic questions and the EQ-5D-3L descriptive system.
Results
The vast majority of male and female respondents reported no problems in most EQ-5D-3L dimensions. However, the mean EQ-5D-3L index score indicated a slight difference in scores between men and women. A statistically significant difference between male and female respondents in individual dimension scores was found only for the usual activities dimension. The proportion of respondents reporting no problems decreased with age in most dimensions, except for anxiety/depression. Age was statistically significantly correlated with all individual dimension scores and the index score. The vast majority of respondents across all education levels reported no problems in most dimensions. Education was statistically significantly correlated with all individual dimension scores and the index score.
Conclusion
The vast majority of respondents across both sexes and all education levels reported no problems in most EQ-5D-3L dimensions. The proportion of respondents reporting no problems decreased with age in most EQ-5D-3L dimensions. Systematic research on dimensions of health-related quality of life will help design measures for healthy and successful ageing.
... Contemporary conceptualizations of living well vary. Some theorists take a hedonic approach, in which wellbeing is understood as the preponderance of positive emotion over negative emotion (Campbell, 1976;Diener et al., 2010). Others take an evaluative approach, in which wellbeing is understood in terms of a participant's overall assessment of their life (see Diener, 2000). ...
Flourishing refers to one kind of generalized wellbeing. Contemporary flourishing research often privileges positive emotion in the theorization and measurement of the construct, such that flourishing is frequently conceptualized as involving a predominance of positive over negative emotions. Positive emotions are thus, on some views of flourishing, seen as an essential component of “the good life.” This paper explores the nuanced variations in conceptions of the good life, focusing on the interplay between positive emotion and flourishing. Through an analysis of contemporary perspectives on flourishing, we underscore the diversity in conceptualizations of flourishing and the implications of this diversity for flourishing theorists. Our review reveals significant disparities in perspectives regarding the significance of positive emotion in the pursuit of a good life. Furthermore, we delineate the theoretical distinctions between objective-list approaches and functional approaches to flourishing, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Theoretical dissensus persists regarding whether positive emotion is a necessary constituent of the good life, thus prompting a critical examination of the justification for its inclusion in flourishing models. Finally, we emphasize the need for greater theoretical clarity in defining wellbeing to inform both research endeavors and societal discourse. We suggest that an adequate appreciation of variation in the development and maintenance of flourishing requires admitting for more complex relationships between the construct and both positive and negative emotionality, while embracing the cultural and individual variety that are unavoidable in accurate models of human life.
... If the outcome of their consumption doesn't meet their initial expectations, consumers will be dissatisfied [2]. Campbell proposes life satisfaction from a cognitive perspective, which is considered as an assessment of people's living conditions based on their own value judgment standards and subjective preferences [3]. Based on a cognitive orientation, Diener et al. integrate affective components and propose subjective well-being. ...
The level of students' sense of gain is a standard to measure the effectiveness of physical education carried out in schools and is valued by schools. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate students' sense of gain in sports education. In this paper, 202 students in the fifth and sixth grades of the Affiliated Primary School of Shaoxing University are selected as subjects, and the questionnaire method is also used to investigate the current status of their sense of acquisition in physical culture. The revised Primary School High Level Physical Activity Sense Scale is utilized in this survey for independent samples T-tests and correlation analyses. It finds that (1) The sense of gain of sports in the Affiliated Primary School is extremely strong, and 98% of students are satisfied with sports. (2) There are differences between genders and grades in the sense of sports acquisition of senior students in primary schools. This study suggests that we should appropriately improve the quality of sports in physical education classes for senior students in primary schools and cultivate their interest in sports, giving them more ways to be involved in physical activities.
... The Index of Well-Being developed by Campbell et al. was used in this study [44]. The scale consists of two dimensions: the general affective index and life satisfaction. ...
Gender role attitudes have been shown to play a critical role in individuals’ fertility intentions. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study examined whether parental sacrifice mediates the relationship between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions, and whether subjective well-being plays a moderating role. A sample of 446 Chinese adults aged 18 to 45 (Mage = 32.78, SDage = 5.63, 60.93% female) completed the Gender Role Attitude Scale, Parental Sacrifice Scale, Index of Well-Being, and Fertility Attitude Scale. Multiple regression analyses showed that traditional gender role attitudes positively predicted fertility intentions, while egalitarian gender role attitudes negatively predicted fertility intentions. Moreover, parental sacrifice was found to partially mediate the relationship between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions. Additionally, subjective well-being was identified as a moderator of the mediating effect of parental sacrifice. Specifically, for individuals with low subjective well-being, parental sacrifice played a partially mediating role. However, for individuals with high subjective well-being, the mediating effect of parental sacrifice was not significant, and gender role attitudes directly influenced fertility intentions. This study adds to our understanding of the connection between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions of adults, providing important information for policymakers and professionals aiming to promote fertility intentions.
... The Chinese version of the Campbell Index of Well-being is widely used to measure the subjective well-being of Chinese people [34,35], with two subsections: index of general affect, and overall life satisfaction item. The eightitem index of general affect asks participants to rate how often they experience a variety of emotions on a scale from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 7 (very satisfied). ...
Objective
Relational job characteristics include perceived social worth and perceived social influence. Good relational job characteristics mean that nurses have high prosocial behavior. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential profile of nurses’ relational job characteristics, influencing factors and their differences in turnover intention and subjective well-being, thus finding the most suitable clinical relationship job characteristics.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1013 clinical nurses using the general demographic data questionnaire, Relational Job Characteristics scale, Turnover Intention Questionnaire and Campbell index of well-being. A latent profile analysis was performed to explore relational job characteristics latent profiles. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the predictors of profile membership, and a one-way analysis of variance was applied to compare the turnover intention and subjective well-being in each latent profile.
Results
Five latent profiles were identified and labeled ‘High prosocial job characteristics’ profile (20.7%), ‘Moderate prosocial job characteristics’ profile (41.7%), ‘High social worth-low social impact perceived’ profile (6.3%), ‘Low social worth‐high social impact perceived’ profile (18.8%) and ‘Low prosocial job characteristics’ profile (12.5%). Factors affecting the different types of nurse relationship job characteristics include age, marital status, hospital department, nursing years, professional title and hospital position. Among them, chief nurse, nurses with more than 20 years of nursing experience and obstetrics and gynecology nurses were more likely to be ‘high prosocial job characteristics’ profile. The turnover intention of nurses in ‘high prosocial job characteristics’ profile was significantly lower than that of other profiles, and their subjective well-being was significantly higher than that of other profiles.
Conclusion
Improving nurses’ perception of social worth and social impact on clinical work can improve nurses’ prosocial behavior and subjective well-being, and reduce their turnover intention. Nursing managers or policy makers can formulate targeted intervention measures according to the influencing factors of potential profiles.
... EFA was conducted to elucidate the underlying factor structure of the scale. To mitigate concerns related to common method variance (Campbell 1976), it is advisable not to utilize the same dataset for both the development of the scale and the testing of psychometric properties. Additionally, following the recommendation of Anderson and Gerbing (1991), an updated scale was applied to a distinct and independent sample whenever an item was removed or added to the scale (Anderson and Gerbing 1991). ...
Purpose: In response to the growing importance of understanding individual investment strategies, the present study aimed to develop a new scale for measuring both the short-and long-term investment strategies of individuals. Design/methodology/approach: The study assessed the psychometric properties of the investment strategies scale (ISS) using data collected from 1428 individual investors. In the initial study, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to investigate the factor structure of the proposed scale (N = 700). The EFA results yielded a two-factor structure, and Cronbach's alpha values for short-and long-term investment strategies were 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to validate the factor structure of the scale in the second study (N = 728). Findings: The results demonstrated that the two-factor model fit the data well. In the third study, the correlation between Hofstede's long-term orientation and the two dimensions of the scale was investigated. The results indicated that long-term investment strategies significantly predict long-term orientation, thus confirming the concurrent validity of the scale. Research implications: These findings demonstrate that the proposed ISS is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring individuals' short-and long-term investment strategies, contributing to a deeper understanding of investment decision-making processes. Originality/value: This study introduces a novel measurement tool-ISS-specifically designed to comprehensively assess both short-and long-term investment strategies among individual investors.
... Other than these main psychological health scales, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) [35], Chinese version of the Internet Addiction Scale [36], Index of Well-Being [37], Adolescent Students' Life Satisfaction Scale [38], Chinese version of the Children's Loneliness Scale (CLS) [39], Chinese version of the Self-esteem Scale (SES) [40], Chinese version of the Buss-Warren Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) [41], Social Support Scale [42], Family Assessment Device (FAD) [43], Revised Prosocial Tendencies Measure (PTM) [44], Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) [45], Adolescents Self-Harm Scale [46], and Mental Health Inventory of Middle-School Students [47] were sent out to understand adolescents' psychological status and potential co-factors. Since some of the tools were developed in Chinese, we provided a brief introduction, validity, and reliability of these tools in this study in Table A2 in Appendix B. Time points of all tools can be found in Table 1. ...
Background: Puberty is a life milestone that marks the transition from childhood to adulthood. An ambispective Chongqing Pubertal Timing (CQPT) cohort was started in 2014 to understand pubertal timing and identify environmental risk factors. Methods: A total of 1429 children and adolescents were recruited and have been followed up once every 6 months for 8 years in a district of Chongqing, China. Data were collected via questionnaires for social and family environment, health conditions, gestational and maternal information, and in-person physical examinations by trained medical school graduate students in follow-ups. Environmental exposures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), neonicotinoids, and heavy metals in urine samples were measured at different time points. Results: The mean ages at pubertal onset were 10.20 for thelarche, 11.62 for pubic hair development, and 11.84 for menarche in girls, and 11.16 for genital development, 11.66 for testicular enlargement, and 12.71 for first spermatorrhea in boys. Four OH-PAHs were associated with delayed timing of menarche, thelarche, pubic hair, and axillary hair development in girls, and thiacloprid was found to potentially impact genital stages in boys and axillary hair development in girls. Conclusions: We built a cohort to provide evidence of regional pubertal timing of boys and girls and the significant environmental factors. Further health outcomes, especially mental health and women’s health and its long-term health implications, will be followed.
... It has been observed that in the OQL factor, education rightly plays a significant role in determining satisfaction levels to most extents of life as the aspiration level of individuals rises with the level of education (OQL factor), because one's knowledge of alternatives increases with an increase in education, and individuals with the dearth of alternatives are more satisfied than individuals with numerous alternatives. (Kerce, 1992;Campbell et al., 1976). Again, Ruggeri et al., (2001)identified a few SQL variables to be correlated with OQL variables either cross-sectionally or longitudinally such that the satisfaction level was found to be associated with the living conditions of the people. ...
... Regarding the construct of subjective well-being, there are two fundamental timeframes: emotional, affective aspects related to mood patterns, and cognitive and evaluative aspects to chronic life satisfaction 28,29 . Therefore, considering global life satisfaction as part of subjective well-being, the idea of incorporating a monoitem scale of global life satisfaction when studying subjective well-being was already supported 30 , since global life satisfaction www.nature.com/scientificreports/ is a cognitive component in which the individual reports the evaluation of his/her life as a whole with respect to perspectives and expectations that the same individual has set for him/herself 31 . In this sense, subjective well-being has three distinctive features: (1) its subjective nature, since it refers to the individual's own assessment of her or his life; (2) its all-encompassing perspective, since a cognitive evaluation of life as a whole takes place; and (3) the necessary inclusion of positive measures, rather than simply vetting for the absence of negative aspects 32,33 . ...
This study has a quantitative cross-sectional design that aims to investigate the relationships between gender, age, status (migrant or Chilean-born), educational satisfaction, and overall life satisfaction among adolescent students in 7th and 8th grades of the Chilean educational system. The sample includes 406 students from four municipal public educational centers located in the Santiago district of the Metropolitan Region of Chile, with at least 20% migrant enrollment. The data were analyzed using quantitative methods using the R language, with descriptive analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, and independence tests. The packages used were: ggplot2, tidyverse and ggstatplot. The study found that age has an impact on the level of satisfaction with education and relationships formed with peers. Specifically, younger students expressed higher levels of satisfaction in these areas compared to older students. Moreover, foreign students showed a statistically significant difference in relation to age range, suggesting that as these students grow older, they tend to become less satisfied with the relationships they form with their classmates. In contrast, no statistically significant difference was found among Chilean students, indicating that the findings discussed here may not be generalizable to this specific population. The analysis also indicates a significant difference in the entire sample, suggesting a correlation between age range and level of satisfaction with schooling.
... Estos factores internos son los que determinan el bienestar. Campbell (1976) y Campbell et al. (1976), en estudios realizados en Estados Unidos, mencionan que la satisfacción con la vida es la evaluación de las personas con el resultado de su vida, y señalan que no todas quieren lo mismo, ni la evalúan de igual manera. En efecto, muestran que la satisfacción con la vida es una evaluación que se hace acorde con los diferentes dominios de vida, y es producto de las situaciones en que viven, sus necesidades, su percepción, su entendimiento y su juicio. ...
Esta investigación tuvo como propósito analizar las evidencias de validez de la estructura interna y confiabilidad/precisión de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) en una muestra de 948 participantes del Estado de México, de los cuales 585 son mujeres y 363 hombres, con un rango de 15 a 78 años. Se empleó la swls de Diener et al. (1985), de cinco reactivos. La aplicación se realizó usando lápiz y papel (instrumento impreso), y la participación fue voluntaria, anónima y confidencial. Se llevaron a cabo un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). Para obtener los índices de confiabilidad del instrumento se calculó el alfa de Cronbach y el omega de McDonald. Los resultados confirman la propuesta del modelo de Diener para medir la satisfacción con la vida y muestra la confiabilidad y precisión de los resultados del instrumento con una varianza total explicada de 58.33% y un alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald de .865; los valores de ajuste y desajuste del modelo fueron adecuados.
... Maka dari itu, tim KKN-PPM UGM Periode 2 Purworejo 2023 berupaya untuk melestarikan Tari Dolalak sebagai bagian dari kekayaan budaya dengan mengadakan pelatihan Tari Dolalak kepada anak-anak di Desa Awu-Awu dan pemberian flyer berisi berisi sejarah Tari Dolalak yang tertera pada Gambar 2. Gambar 2. Flyer Tari Dolalak KKN-PPM UGM 20233.2. Children Subjective Well BeingSubjective Well Being atau Kesejahteraan Subjektif adalah suatu konsep yang mula-mula diperkenalkan olehCampbell (1976) yang merupakan persepsi, evaluasi, dan aspirasi setiap orang tentang hidupnya. Konsep ini memiliki tiga karakteristik, yakni 1) bersumber pada persepsi setiap orang dan evaluasinya terhadap pengalaman; 2) meliputi perasaan positif dan negatif; 3) meliputi keseluruhan proses evolusi kehidupan seseorang, atau disebut juga dengan kepuasan hidup(Diener, 1984;Dinisman & Ben-Arieh, 2016). ...
Tari Dolalak merupakan kesenian rakyat Purworejo yang berupa perpaduan dari gerakan tari, musik karawitan, dan vokal (koor) yang dapat ditarikan baik oleh laki-laki maupun perempuan secara berkelompok dan berpasangan. Tim Kuliah Kerja Nyata-Pembelajaran Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Universitas Gadjah Mada (KKN-PPM UGM) mendapatkan temuan menarik bahwa anak-anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) Awu-Awu punya keinginan untuk berlatih Tari Dolalak. Namun, ada keterbatasan akses yang dihadapi karena pihak sekolah kesulitan untuk menyelenggarakan ekstrakurikuler. Oleh karena itu, Tim KKN-PPM UGM mencoba untuk memfasilitasi keinginan anak-anak dengan cara bermitra dengan Sanggar Tari Tut Wuri karena tarian merupakan salah satu pemenuhan ekspresi dan dapat berpengaruh terhadap Subjective Well Being. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan menggunakan analisis deskriptif berdasarkan komponen dalam Children Subjective Well Being untuk menganalisis data, yaitu ragam pengalaman yang meliputi emosi positif, emosi negatif, kepuasan terhadap subjek tertentu, dan kepuasan hidup secara menyeluruh. Menari Tari Dolalak dapat menjadi sarana anak untuk memahami emosi positif dan negatif seperti senang, nyaman, berani tampil, sedih, kecewa, dan marah; lalu mereka dapat menjalin hubungan pertemanan yang suportif dan komunikatif, baik dengan sebaya maupun dengan pelatih dan tim KKN-PPM UGM. Melalui latihan tari anak-anak mampu untuk mulai memetakan dan menemukan kebutuhan/minat dalam hidupnya.
... Rights reserved. (Diener et al., 1985), the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988), the Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff & Keyes, 1995), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS, Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS; Tennant et al., 2007) Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Hills & Argyle, 2002), Campbell (1976)'s Index of wellbeing, the General Well-being Scale (GWB), the General Wellbeing Schedule (Fazio, 1977) Physical well-being Individuals not only realize their fullest wellness potential, but also have resources to prevent disease and is delight themselves ...
An increasing number of studies emphasize that trust is most relevant to well-being. However, the results of this relationship remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize the evidence on the association between trust and individual well-being. We searched several electronic databases to identify relevant studies published before September 30, 2022. Studies were included if they reported a Pearson’s correlation coefficient between trust and well-being. And a random-effects model was used. We identified 132 primary studies with a total of 1,060,174 participants. The results provided a moderate correlation between trust and well-being (ρ = 0.255) with 95% CI = [.240, .269]. Furthermore, we explored different trust types, well-being types, individualism, age, and gender as moderators. The results showed that the well-being types moderated the relationship between trust and well-being. Specifically, the strongest is social well-being, while the weakest is physical well-being. Trust types and individualism did not moderate the link between trust and well-being, whereas age and gender did. This study provides the evidence that trust plays an important role in promoting well-being.
... Subjective well-being was evaluated using the Bradburn Scale of Affect Balance, 37 which comprises eight items. The scale captures the subjective emotional states that individuals encounter in their daily lives through a 5-point Likert scale. ...
Introduction
To investigate the impact of interpersonal sensitivity on the subjective well-being of accompanying children of migrant workers and the role of perception of exclusion and peer support in the process.
Methods
A questionnaire survey was conducted among 304 migrant workers’ accompanying children and 501 urban children in grades 4–9 in seven schools in Jiangxi Province, China. Hierarchical regression and bootstrap analysis were used.
Results
Interpersonal sensitivity not only had a significant direct negative effect on the subjective well-being of migrant workers’ accompanying children (β= −0.27, 95% CI = [−0.37, −0.17]), but also had an indirect effect through perception of exclusion (β= −0.06, 95% CI = [−0.11, −0.03]). Peer support negatively moderated the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and perception of exclusion (β= −0.18, 95% CI = [−0.28, −0.08]) and the mediating effect of perceptions of exclusion between interpersonal sensitivity and subjective well-being (β = 0.06, CI = [0.02, 0.11]).
Conclusion
The subjective well-being of migrant children is indeed lower than that of urban children, and one of the most important reasons is their higher interpersonal sensitivity. Interpersonal sensitivity not only directly reduces their subjective well-being, but also reduces it by triggering their perception of exclusion, while peer support can effectively mitigate this negative effect. Therefore, one way to improve the subjective well-being of these children is to reduce their excessive interpersonal sensitivity. Their parents should help them to adapt to urban life, to develop correct professional values and to deal correctly with “occupational stigma”, to overcome feelings of inferiority, while communities can create specialized activity centers to provide more social opportunities and psychological counseling services for these children.
... We measured the SWB of undergraduate nursing students using the Index of Well-Being, which was compiled by Campbell (1976) and localized by Yao et al. (1995). The scale consists of nine items, including the following two parts: overall emotional index and life satisfaction. ...
This study aimed to explore the effect of prosocial behaviours on Chinese undergraduate nursing students' subjective well-being (SWB) and examine the roles of psychological resilience and coping styles. The sample for this study included 683 nursing students from two undergraduate universities in Henan Province, China. SWB, prosocial behaviours, psychological resilience, and coping styles were assessed by the Index of Well-Being, the Prosocial Behavioural Tendency Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, respectively. We adopted Pearson's correlation analysis and the PROCESS Macro Model 81 in regression analysis to explore the relationships among prosocial behaviours, psychological resilience, coping styles, and SWB. Prosocial behaviours of undergraduate nursing students had a positive predictive effect on SWB; psychological resilience and coping styles both were the mediating variable between prosocial behaviours and undergraduate nursing students' SWB; psychological resilience and coping styles played a chain mediating role between the prosocial behaviours and SWB of undergraduate nursing students. The results indicated that prosocial behaviours not only directly affected the SWB of undergraduate nursing students but also affected the SWB of undergraduate nursing students via psychological resilience and coping styles. These results offer certain theoretical support and guidance for the research and improvement of undergraduate nursing students' SWB and emphasize the importance of interventions to increase prosocial behaviours, improve psychological resilience, promote positive coping styles, and address negative coping styles.
... The goal of different therapeutic approaches is not only to treat the disease but to improve patients' quality of life as well. Studies examining well-being and quality of life started in the 70s [19,20]. In Hungary a wide range of work investigated the quality of life on asthmatic patients [21][22][23][24][25][26]. ...
Physical activity is especially important of children's everyday life with chronic disease. The aim of the study was to show whether asthma is a barrier to physical activity in our society. The correlation between the severity of the disease, body mass index, and physical activity were analyzed, and, parents' opinion whether children should participate in active sports was assessed. Physical activity of children with asthma was analyzed by questionnaires and activity-measuring armbands. 93 parents and their children were involved in the survey, while 20 children were wearing the armband. The age of children was 12.6±3.5 years (mean±SD), 69.9% were boys, 30.1% were girls. 93.4% of the respondents participated in physical education program and 56.5% also attended sporting activities on a regular basis. 61.2% of the children had mild, 37.6% moderate, and 1.2% severe asthma. 6.5% of the respondents stated that their illness had been consistently or frequently limiting the performance concerning their school or home duties over the past 4 weeks. Twelve percent of parents felt that physical activity was not appropriate in the context of this disease. We conclude, that fear of the consequences of physical activity depends largely on education which should involve their parents, teachers and coaches.
... As Campbell (1976, p. 118) sum it up, "the quality of life lies in the experience of life." (For more on this history, see Campbell, 1976 andSumner, 1996; for a more detailed and nuanced history of subjective well-being measures, see Angner, 2011). ...
This paper examines the integration and unification of the philosophy and psychology of well-being. For the most part, these disciplines investigate well-being without reference to each other. In recent years, however, with the maturing of each discipline, there have been a growing number of calls to integrate the two. While such calls are welcome, what it means to integrate well-being philosophy and psychology can vary greatly depending on one’s theoretical and practical ends. The aim of this paper is to provide a novel conceptual framework for thinking about integrating well-being philosophy and psychology that systematically categorizes different kinds of integration projects. We divide existing attempts in the literature into three broad categories according to the perspective from which the integration takes place: (1) top-down meta-theoretical unification; (2) psychological integration within philosophy; and (3) philosophical integration within psychology. These categories are then broken down into various further subcategories. Our aim in providing this framework is both to facilitate the assessment and comparison of existing integration attempts and to provide a roadmap for future integration attempts. For each category, we discuss one or two representative examples of the approaches. By doing so, we hope to generate interest in the wide variety of existing integration projects, as well as to generate discussion concerning the benefits and pitfalls of different approaches.
... The Index of Well-Being (IWB) Scale, developed by Campbell (1976), is a measure designed to evaluate an individual's current level of well-being and to provide an indication of their overall quality of life. ...
Aims
This study aims to investigate the mediating role of regulatory emotional self‐efficacy and self‐compassion in the relationship among anxiety, depression, body image distress and subjective well‐being among women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Design
A cross‐sectional study.
Methods
The study recruited 510 women with polycystic ovary syndrome from a tertiary hospital affiliated with a university in Hunan Province, China. The study employed several tools to collect data, including the Generalized Anxiety Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, the Body Image States Scale, the Self‐Compassion Scale, the Regulatory Emotional Self‐Efficacy Scale and the Index of Well‐being questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis, spearman correlation analysis, ordinary least squares regression and bootstrapping.
Results
The study's findings indicate that regulatory emotional self‐efficacy and self‐compassion both act as mediators in the connection between anxiety, depression, body image distress and subjective well‐being among women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Conclusion
The study emphasizes the significance of regulatory emotional self‐efficacy and self‐compassion in promoting well‐being among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. It also implies that interventions targeted at enhancing these factors could potentially enhance the subjective well‐being of women affected by PCOS.
Impact
Our study's primary contribution is to underscore the crucial mediating roles of regulatory emotional self‐efficacy and self‐compassion in the relationship among anxiety, depression, body image distress and subjective well‐being. Our study indicates that clinical practitioners should prioritize improving the regulatory emotional self‐efficacy and self‐compassion of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, reducing their anxiety, depression and body image distress and improving their subjective well‐being.
Reporting Method
This study was reported according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).
Patient or Public Contribution
No patient or public contribution outside of participation in the actual study for purposes of data collection.
... General Well-Being schedule, developed by Campbell, 31 consists of 18 items that assess 6 dimensions of well-being, self-control, vitality, depression, anxiety, and general health. It uses a 6-point response scale for the first 14 questions and a 10-point rating scale for the remaining 4 questions. ...
Background
Diet and physical activity (PA) are pivotal behaviors for managing energy balance post-bariatric surgery. Given the need for dual behavioral management, understanding the interplay of cognitive factors influencing these behaviors is crucial. This study applied the compensatory carry-over action model (CCAM) to explore the impact of cognitive factors on behaviors and their subsequent effects on subjective health outcomes.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients at the third month after bariatric surgery in China. Data on diet and PA status, behavioral cognitive factors (intention, self-efficacy, compensatory belief, transfer cognition), and subjective health outcomes (perceived stress, well-being, quality of life) were collected. Structural equation model (SEM) was employed to test hypotheses in CCAM and assess mediation relationships.
Results
Analysis of data from 239 patients revealed the following: (1) Among antecedent cognitive factors, only compensatory belief significantly influenced diet (P<0.001). (2) Intention and self-efficacy directly correlated with their respective behaviors, while compensatory belief affected intention, and transfer cognition impacted self-efficacy (P<0.05), aligning with CCAM hypotheses. (3) PA demonstrated significant influence only on perceived stress (P=0.004), whereas diet significantly affected all subjective health outcomes (P<0.05). (4) Mediation analysis indicated intention partially mediated the relationship between compensatory belief and diet and fully mediated the relationship between compensatory belief and PA. Self-efficacy completely mediated the relationship between transfer cognition and diet and PA.
Conclusion
Transfer cognition’s carry-over effect did not directly influence behaviors among antecedent cognitions. Interventions should primarily target improving diet by mitigating compensatory belief. Moreover, diet exhibited a more pronounced impact on overall health compared to PA. Consequently, prioritizing dietary intervention over PA intervention is warranted based on the analysis of CCAM and the aim of promoting joint behaviors post-bariatric surgery.
... It is also necessary to increase the sample size in future studies to draw generalisable conclusions. (Eripek, 2009;Hourcade, 2002 (Campbell, 1976;Herrnstein & Murray, 1994 ...
... The goal of different therapeutic approaches is not only to treat the disease, but to improve patients' quality of life. Studies examining well-being and quality of life started in the 1970s [3,4]. In Hungary, the quality of life of asthmatic patients has also received some attention [5,6]. ...
Physical activity is an especially important part of everyday life for children with chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to show whether asthma is a barrier to physical activity in our society. The correlations between the severity of the disease, body mass index, and physical activity were analyzed, and parents’ opinions on whether children should participate in active sports were assessed. Physical activity of children with asthma was analyzed by questionnaires; 93 parents and their 93 children were involved in the survey. The age of children was 12.6 ± 3.5 years (mean ± SD), 69.9% were boys, 30.1% were girls. A total of 93.4% of the respondents participated in a physical education program and 56.5% also attended sporting activities on a regular basis. In terms of disease severity, 61.2% of the children had mild asthma, 37.6% moderate, and 1.2% severe, and 6.5% of the respondents also stated that their children’s illness had been consistently or frequently limiting their performance concerning their school or home duties over the past four weeks. Of the parents surveyed, 12% felt that physical activity was not appropriate in the context of this disease. We concluded that fear of the consequences of physical activity depends largely on education, which should involve parents, teachers, and coaches.
... Subjective well-being is an important concept for researchers interested in measuring quality of life [1] . It was defined as a person's affective and cognitive evaluations of their life as a whole [2] . ...
This study attempts to draw on self-determination theory and the community psychology perspective to elaborate on the mechanisms underlying the association between community participation and life satisfaction in urban residential communities. The present study examines the mediating role of community identity in the relationship between community participation and life satisfaction. Moreover, the current study investigated the moderating effect of loneliness on the mediation model. A total of 1,205 urban residents, ranging in age from 18 to 65 years, completed the Community Participation Scale, the Community Identity Scale, the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale for this study. The survey’s results suggest that community participation can be a positive predictor of community identity and life satisfaction. Moreover, the result of the mediation analysis demonstrates that the link between community participation and life satisfaction can be mediated by community identity. Furthermore, the moderated mediation model analysis indicates that loneliness moderated the link between community participation and community identity, as well as the link between community participation and life satisfaction. The mediating effect of community identity on the relationship between community participation and life satisfaction is stronger for residents with high levels of loneliness than for those with low levels of loneliness. These findings provide a comprehensive explanation for how community participation improves subjective well-being among urban residents in the context of a residential community.
... Pour le cas précis entre est et ouest, lire Nisbett, 2003. Cherlin et Reeder, 1975 et la satisfaction à l'égard de la vie (Campbell, 1976). On peut citer l'échelle de Bradburn, dans laquelle les répondants se prononcent sur l'occurrence de huit affects 26 , l'échelle d'AMOS où 17 questions allant de 0 à 100 sont posées et additionnées (Amos, Hitt et Warner, 1982), l'échelle ravi-terrible (delighted-terrible) qui s'étend sur 7 niveaux 27 , l'échelle des cercles 28 , les échelles de bonheur de 1 à 3 (Phillips et Clancy, 1972) ou de 1 à 7 (très malheureux à très heureux ; Andrews et Withey, 1976), l'échelle de Cantril qui va de 1 à 9, l'échelle des affects positifs et négatifs qui comporte 10 questions 29 , la satisfaction à l'égard de sa vie sur une échelle de 1 à 7 ou sur une échelle de 1 à 3 (Snyder et Spreitzer, 1974), de 1 à 5 (Leisure Development Cen, 1980), ou encore de 0 à 10 ( Barnes, Farah et Heunks, 1979), le thermomètre du 26 A : Très seul(e) ou éloigné(e) des autres personnes ; B : Déprimé ou très malheureux ; C : Ennuyé ; D : Si agité que vous ne pouviez pas rester longtemps assis sur une chaise ; E : Vaguement mal à l'aise à propos de quelque chose sans savoir pourquoi ; F : Au sommet du monde ; G : Particulièrement excité ou intéressé par quelque chose ; H : Heureux d'avoir accompli quelque chose. ...
Objectif de vie pour tout un chacun, démonstration de puissance pour l’État, le bonheur fait l’objet de nombreux classements. Les indicateurs utilisés résultent toutefois de constructions fondées sur différentes idées du bonheur, incluant de manière variable la préservation du vivant. Le bien-être des sociétés occidentales en particulier repose sur un imaginaire consumériste peu en phase avec les préoccupations écologiques. Mais est-il possible aujourd’hui d’être heureux sans se soucier des limites planétaires ? Est-il envisageable d’indexer le bonheur sur d’autres récits, davantage axés sur l’émotion que sur la possession, la comparaison et leurs effets délétères ?
Cet ouvrage interroge le rôle que ces palmarès du bien-être et les mesures sur lesquelles ils s’appuient jouent dans la prise en compte de l’environnement. En faisant le tour des liens entre mesures du bonheur et empreinte écologique, il sonde notre rapport au vivant là où on s’y attend le moins, au coeur même de notre quête du bonheur.
... For example, someone who grew up without greenery in their surrounding environment might rate the green spaces in their current surroundings higher, even the greenery is not abundant or high quality. In subjective assessments, some indicators may be more tightly linked to an individual's specific mental needs and ways of adapting, making them more effective in predicting mental health (Campbell 1976). ...
Mental disorders affect many different groups around the world, and disadvantaged groups are often more severely affected. Neighbourhood green spaces (GS) can improve mental health, especially in disadvantaged groups. Many countries address social inequality and inequity through GS interventions. However, current evidence shows inconsistencies, which may result from the study site, research design, socio-demographically diverse samples, inclusivity considerations, and the different metrics used to quantify GS exposure and mental health benefits. Few conceptual models explain how neighbourhood greenery can act as a structural intervention. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method and retrieved 5559 documents from eight databases to examine whether neighbourhood GS can modify mental health associations in disadvantaged groups. We found that neighbourhood GS had substantial protective effects on the mental health of disadvantaged groups. However, disadvantaged people are more influenced by GS quality than by other GS exposures, such as GS usage, distance, and accessibility. Improvements in subjective well-being were most pronounced in terms of mental health outcomes. Mechanistically, neighbourhood GS improves mental health mainly through increased social cohesion and, green visibility, and young people receive further benefits from physical activity (PA). These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the associations and mechanisms between neighbourhood GS and the mental health of disadvantaged groups, addressing health equities that are induced by the unfair distribution of GS, and thus promoting health-oriented environmental planning and policies.
In recent decades, the concept of well-being has often been the subject of psychological studies. The current study examines how tourism relates to well-being from the perspective of tourists/visitors, through the study of the older and more recent literature. Especially when it comes to the complex and multifaceted issue of well-being, in relation to the also complex and sensitive sectors of tourism, the specificity of this relationship is reflected in the evidence and the growing number of articles published in mainstream and reliable journals. By using the PRISMA framework, this article compares and evaluates published papers on the study of well-being and tourist behavior to guide and direct future research. It has been found that the relationship between well-being and tourism, especially after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, has been significantly strengthened. This study highlights the need to adopt a holistic approach that considers all the connections between well-being and tourism.
Public welfare is one of the goals that every country wants to realize. Various efforts are planned and implemented by the government to increase economic growth for the country and are then expected to have a positive impact on the welfare of its people. One of the efforts made by the government. This research method uses Quantiative research with overall secondary data sourced from BPS East Kalimantan Province and BPKAD in Districts throughout East Kalimantan, so that the collection of necessary data and information related to research data is carried out by means of documentation. Then analyzed using SEM PLS with the help of the SmartPLS software program version 3.0. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence and no influence of the 21 hypotheses tested, only 7 hypotheses have a significant effect on employment in all districts in East Kalimantan.
The purpose of this was to investigate the relationship between family's burden and quality of life to provide the basic data for nursing intervention program in order to improve quality of life for family with schizophrenia.The subjects of this study was 120 family with schizophrenia, living in Inchon. Seoul.Korea, during the period from August, 1999 to October, 1999. The instrument for this study were the burden scale developed by Kang Dong-Ho(1995) and the quality of scale by Ro You-.Ja(1988).The instruments for this study were pretested for reliability and validity.The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. t~test. Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA, Multiple stepwise regression.The results of analysis were as follow：1. The mean score of burden is 68(in 5 point scale) and the mean score of quality of life 127(in 5 point scale).2. There is a positive c 이 relation between burden and quality of life for family with schizophrenia(r = -.35, p<.001).3. Burden showed significant difference according to sex. age, marital status.educational level. occupation, economic status, type of residence, relationship of the patient, age of patient, number of admission.4. The quality of life showed significant difference according to age, education level.marital status of patient.Summing up, schizophreniac s family members will be burdened enough to have their life quality affected. In other words, the less they are burdened, their life quality will improve more.Accordingly, in order to help schizophreniac's family members relieved much of their burden and thereby, improve their life quality, it will be necessary to develop a nursing intervention program improving their life quality in consideration of such factors affecting the burden as family members' academic background, patient s' age. frequency of hospitalization, etc., and in light of such aspects affecting their life quality aseconomic life, physical conditions and functions.
This study aims to determine whether five tourism activities have an impact on menopausal symptom relief and life satisfaction. This study surveyed 278 menopausal women experiencing menopausal symptoms, and after excluding two nonresponses, 276 responses were used in the final analysis. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to verify the validity of the measurement instruments and the fit of the research model. The results provided empirical evidence that cultural tourism, wellness tourism, sports tourism, and shopping tourism, except food tourism, have a positive impact on menopausal symptom relief and life satisfaction. This study successfully established a meaningful conceptual framework to understand the tourism activities that can lead to menopausal symptom relief and life satisfaction among menopausal women, beyond the existing literature that has only been studied in the field of leisure studies for middle‐aged and older adults.
Food has become a factor in attracting tourists to tourist destinations and providing satisfactory food experiences to tourists has become an important concern for tourist destinations. Subjective well-being has received significant attention in various fields, including psychology, sociology, and management. Tourists' food experiences are highly related to their satisfaction and mental well-being. Because it can stimulate sensual pleasure and even have entertainment effects. In the field of tourism, the quality of the tourist experience is considered one of the important attributes that affect tourist satisfaction and revisit. This study examines how tourists' food experiences contribute to their subjective well-being. The statistical population of the research is tourists over 15 years old who have experienced the food of Milad Tower restaurants in Tehran. Standard questionnaires were distributed online and 180 responses were analyzed. Data analysis was done using descriptive and correlational tests. The research hypotheses were confirmed. The sensory experience of food, service experience, and environmental experience of tourists have a positive and significant effect on the subjective well-being, attitude, and satisfaction of tourists. The research findings help to deepen the understanding of the relationship between food tourism experience and subjective well-being. This research tries to provide a foundation for future studies on the impact of the food tourism experience on tourists' subjective well-being and behavior.
美食已成为吸引游客前往旅游目的地的因素，为游客提供令人满意的美食体验已成为旅游目的地的重要关注点。主观幸福感受到心理学、社会学和管理学等各个领域的极大关注。游客的美食体验与他们的满意度和心理健康高度相关。因为它可以刺激感官愉悦，甚至具有娱乐效果。在旅游领域，游客体验的质量被认为是影响游客满意度和重游的重要属性之一。本研究探讨了游客的美食体验如何影响他们的主观幸福感。研究的统计人群是15岁以上的游客，他们体验过德黑兰米拉德塔餐厅的美食。标准问卷在线分发，并分析了180份答复。使用描述性和相关性测试进行数据分析。研究假设得到证实。游客的食物感官体验、服务体验和环境体验对游客的主观幸福感、态度和满意度有积极而显著的影响。研究结果有助于深化对美食旅游体验与主观幸福感之间关系的理解，旨在为未来研究美食旅游体验对游客主观幸福感及行为的影响奠定基础。
In this paper, I propose and present to the universe a God-ordained economic system called Godlism, and its dynamics. This economic arrangement aims to significantly enhance human potential, output, and productivity while ending oppression and suffering. It seeks to maximize happiness and well-being for everyone, equally benefiting all by eliminating various social and economic inequalities and divisions. Unlike capitalism, which disproportionately benefits a select few, Godlism will empower individuals with autonomy and control over their lives, expand their freedoms, and provide opportunities for exceptionalism – to fully utilize their talents, passions, and abilities. Consequently, they will be able to make a positive difference in their own lives and that of the others, ultimately leading to collective success.
Godlism aims to balance individual interests with collectivism and solidarity by prioritizing human life, welfare, and sustainability over profits. It replaces profit maximization with value creation, supply optimization, and the enhancement of overall well-being. This system is built on Godly principles of abundance, love, care, fairness, justice, mercy, honesty, integrity and trust, contrasting sharply with the current capitalist system, which is founded on scarcity, self-interest, competition and individualism. Further, unlike capitalism, Godlism is not build on the power of money, arms, precious metals or other earthly or universal possessions, but on the power of the said Godly values, community, shared values, and collective well-being. This economic framework further aims to minimize lies and evil in the world, filling it instead with the goodness of God. It will eradicate all forms of oppression and vices, including crime, exploitation, hoarding, corruption, economic slavery, and inequity.
Godlism creates a level playing field for everyone, enabling all individuals to be producers (and not only consumers), reach their full potential and providing them with a new pen to write their own stories. It will end the widespread homogenization and standardization that the current capitalistic system has created in our society, consequently allowing each person to stand out, create their own unique brand, and become indispensable. This system will enhance individual dignity, eliminate confusion, and ultimately make our lives happier and more fulfilling.
Digitalization has profoundly reshaped work modes and lifestyles and impacted individuals' life satisfaction. However, there has been limited research exploring this issue while comparing the effects before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, investigating heterogeneity across different socioeconomic groups is crucial. This study uses data from the latest three waves of the European Social Survey in 2016, 2018, and 2020 to examine the influence of Internet usage on life satisfaction, unravel its underlying mechanisms, and conduct heterogeneity analysis with the fixed-effects ordered logit model and propensity score matching method. The empirical findings reveal the following: (a) Internet usage has significant and positive effects on life satisfaction, although the marginal effects of Internet usage decreases as respondents' life satisfaction increases; (b) respondents with a "right" political tendency, higher levels of social interaction and trust, females, older individuals, higher income earners, those with lower education levels, better health conditions, and stronger religious beliefs tend to report higher life satisfaction; (c) work flexibility, work-life balance, and team engagement are identified as essential mediating factors in the relationship between Internet usage and life satisfaction; (d) Internet usage has had a significant and positive effect on life satisfaction since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas this was not the case before the pandemic; and (e) the influence of Internet usage on life satisfaction is more pronounced among young, affluent communities, well-educated individuals, Eastern and Central Europeans, non-managers, and employees of central/local governments and private firms. This study underscores the rapid socioeconomic transformation induced by digitalization in Europe and provides valuable insights on leveraging the Internet to improve individual life satisfaction in the post-pandemic era. Thank you for your insightful comments and suggested revisions. With your guidance, we are now submitting a revised version of our paper by adding Section 5.5 to propose the lessons learned from the COVID-19 experience. Four related papers from SocioEconomic Planning Sciences are also cited at where appropriate. All modifications are highlighted in red for easy reference. Below are our point-by-point responses to your feedback. Reviewer #1: The authors improved the manuscript in accordance with my previous comments. My main concern is with the data used for the analysis. I suggest the authors emphasise what lessons could be learned from the COVID experience. This part could be included in the discussions and conclusions. Perhaps the authors should also emphasise this in the title. A: Thank you for your comment. The dataset used in this study was obtained from the ESS, which has been widely used in academic researches, include the studies of Palermo et al. (2022) and Tubadji & Nijkamp (2017) that published on SocioEconomic Planning Sciences. We estimated the relationship between Internet usage and life satisfaction by using the latest three waves of ESS, namely rounds 8, 9, and 10. Since Round 10 contains information on people's Internet usage during the pandemic, we therefore in a good position to compare the impact of Internet usage on life satisfaction before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thank you for your suggestion, in the new version we added Section 5.5 to the Response to Reviewers 2 Discussion section to propose the lessons learned from the COVID-19, please review. Besides, we prefer to remain current title because the lessons are derived from the relationship test and heterogeneity analysis, which are illustrated in the title. Ref: [1] Palermo F, Sergi BS, Sironi E. Does urbanization matter? Diverging attitudes toward migrants and Europe's decision-making. Socio-Econ Plan Sci. 2022;83. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SEPS.2022.101278. [2] Tubadji A, Nijkamp P. Green Online vs Green Offline preferences on local public goods trade-offs and house prices. Socio-Econ Plan Sci. 2017;58, 72-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SEPS.2016.11.001. Reviewer #2: After reviewing the authors' responses, extensions and improvements to my initial assessments, my opinion is that the article has clearly improved in robustness and that it is publishable in its current format. A: Thank you for your nice words. It is with your suggestion that the quality of this article got improved. Highlights Ordered logit model, PSM and IV method are used to analyze Internet-satisfaction nexus in Europe. Internet usage can improve life satisfaction during COVID-19, but it is not the case before the pandemic. Work flexibility, work-life balance, and team engagement plays a mediating role in Internet-satisfaction nexus. Heterogeneity analyses in terms of age, income, region, education, and occupation have been made. Highlights 1 How did Internet usage affect life satisfaction before and during COVID-19? 1 Mediating effects and heterogeneity analysis 2 3 Abstract: Digitalization has profoundly reshaped work modes and lifestyles and impacted individuals' 4 life satisfaction. However, there has been limited research exploring this issue while comparing the 5 effects before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, investigating heterogeneity across 6 different socioeconomic groups is crucial. This study uses data from the latest three waves of the 7 European Social Survey in 2016, 2018, and 2020 to examine the influence of Internet usage on life 8 satisfaction, unravel its underlying mechanisms, and conduct heterogeneity analysis with the fixed-9 effects ordered logit model and propensity score matching method. The empirical findings reveal the 10 following: (a) Internet usage has significant and positive effects on life satisfaction, although the 11 marginal effects of Internet usage decreases as respondents' life satisfaction increases; (b) respondents 12 with a "right" political tendency, higher levels of social interaction and trust, females, older individuals, 13 higher income earners, those with lower education levels, better health conditions, and stronger 14 religious beliefs tend to report higher life satisfaction; (c) work flexibility, work-life balance, and team 15 engagement are identified as essential mediating factors in the relationship between Internet usage and 16 life satisfaction; (d) Internet usage has had a significant and positive effect on life satisfaction since
This study proposes an integrated methodology for the assessment and mapping of quality of life (QoL) among European Union member states in the period before and after the pandemic crisis of COVID-19. The assessment of quality of life was based on the development of composite criteria and Geographical Information Systems or GIS technology, using variables that assess quality of life. The composite criteria relate to the socioeconomic environment, employment conditions, economic conditions and health services. Each criterion was evaluated by a set of variables, and each variable was weighted based on relevant research by Greek experts. Criteria were also weighted and combined to assess overall quality of life. The methodology was applied in 27 EU member countries, and mapping led to the identification of countries with low and high quality of life. The results showed a change in the level of overall quality of life in the EU countries before and after the pandemic period, although on a limited scale, since there is a slight reclassification of the countries’ positions. The analysis also revealed the highest level of quality of life in four EU countries [Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands and Luxembourg] that show an increased GDP per capita, combining a low level of arrears and a low level of inability to make ends meet, whereas four countries showed the lowest level of quality of life [Greece, Bulgaria, Romania and Croatia] in both periods.
Medical tourism has emerged as an industry due to the constantly improved information technology and decreasing cost
for transportation. Evidence on how medical tourists develop their medical travel and their experience keeps growing.
This article aims to provide an integrative review to understand medical tourism from the patients’ perspective. PRISMA
procedures were followed. All the literature was published from January 1, 2009, to May 4, 2019, in peer-reviewed journals
in CINAHL and MEDLINE/PubMed. Johns Hopkins Nursing evidence level and quality guide were used to evaluate evidence
level. Twenty-one studies including 8 quantitative, 10 qualitative, and 3 mix-method studies were reviewed. Low cost, short
waiting list, quality, and procedures available were the motivators to treatment abroad. The Internet, former tourists’
testimonial, and physician and facilitators’ advice were the predominant resources consulted. Perceived value of medical
quality directly affected patients’ overall satisfaction. Our integrative review has led to the identification of many factors
related to medical tourist’s experience. We suggest further empirical researches on (1) the patients’ decision-making process
of motivators and barriers, (2) the factors related to patients’ experience on the health care quality, and (3) the strategies
to ensure the continuity of care.
This study aimed to explore the interconnections among quality-of-life, sleep quality, and academic self-efficacy as loads of researches have indicated a correlation between these elements, suggesting that they are intricately linked. The current investigation delved into the reciprocal relationships between these concepts, examining their bidirectional correlations with 410 students (Female = 267, Male = 143), (M = 22.04, SD = 3.367), and the findings indicated an interrelationship among the quality-of-life, academic self-efficacy, and sleep quality of university students. The results of the study revealed a continuous positive significant relationship between all sub-categories of the quality of life and academic self-efficacy (r = .396, p < .01) which is a novel result in the field. Another novel result is that decreasing sleep quality is associated with low academic self-efficacy (r=-.121, p < .01). Studies in the field were supported with this study in terms of revealing the existing correlation between quality of life and sleep quality measured with Richards – Campbell Sleep Scale (r = .341, p < .01) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (r = .439, p < .01) both of which indicate a relationship between an increasing sleep quality and high quality of life. On the other hand, the quality of life and sleep quality are found to be significant predictors of academic self-efficacy which is an important contributing result to the field (R2 = 0.226, p < .0,01), (R2 = 0.015, p < .0,05). These results must be taken into account when the role of sleep quality and quality-of-life on academic life of individuals is researched.
Depressive symptoms are frequently occur among dentistry patients, many of whom struggle with dental anxiety and poor oral conditions. Identifying the factors that influence these symptoms can enable dentists to recognize and address mental health concerns more effectively. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with depressive symptoms in dentistry patients and develop a clinical tool, a nomogram, to assist dentists in predicting these symptoms. Methods: After exclusion of ineligible participants, a total of 1355 patients from the dentistry department were included. The patients were randomly assigned to training and validation sets at a 2:1 ratio. The LASSO regression method was initially employed to select highly influrtial features. This was followed by the application of a multi-factor logistic regression to determine independent factors and construct a nomogram. And it was evaluated by 4 methods and 2 indicators. The nomograms were formulated based on questionnaire data collected from dentistry patients. Nomogram ² incorporated factors such as medical burden, personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability), life purpose, and life satisfaction. In the training set, Nomogram ² exhibited a Concordance index (C-index) of 0.805 and an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) of 0.805 (95% CI: 0.775–0.835). In the validation set, Nomogram ² demonstrated an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) of 0.810 (0.768–0.851) and a Concordance index (C-index) of 0.810. Similarly, Nomogram ¹ achieved an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) of 0.816 (0.788–0.845) and a Concordance index (C-index) of 0.816 in the training set, and an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) of 0.824 (95% CI: 0.784–0.864) and a Concordance index (C-index) of 0.824 in the validation set. Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) indicated that Nomogram ¹ , which included oral-related factors (oral health and dental anxiety), outperformed Nomogram ² . We developed a nomogram to predict depressive symptoms in dentistry patients. Importantly, this nomogram can serve as a valuable psychometric tool for dentists, facilitating the assessment of their patients’ mental health and enabling more tailored treatment plans.
QOL research appears to show that in nearly all countries which have been studied almost all sections of the community rate their subjective well-being (SWB) above the mid-point of scales. This paper suggests a partial explanation of this puzzling finding. It is that almost all human beings explicitly believe that their own performance in major life roles is well above average. We label this the human sense of relative superiority (SRS).
In the 1985 Australian Quality of Life survey (N = 584) respondents rated their performance in seven major roles on a 7 point scale running from “way above average” to “way below average”. The percentages rating themselves above average ranged from 85.9% for main job to 49.8% for main spare time activity. Percentages rating below average ranged from 1% for main job to 11.5% for keeping fit and healthy. The median respondent rated himself/herself above average in five of seven roles. Differences between men and women, young and old, higher and lower status people, were slight.
The later sections of the paper are concerned with the adaptive mechanisms by which large majorities manage to feel SRS. Differential weighting of sub-roles in assessment of overall role performance and use of restricted reference groups are suggested as two such mechanisms. The concluding section discusses the benefits and costs of SRS. Benefits include enhanced self-esteem and SWB. Costs include failure to perceive one’s own poor performance and hence to take corrective action.
Robert Frank caused a national debate in 1995 when he and co-author Philip Cook described the poisonous spread of "winner-take-all" markets. Now he takes a thought-provoking look at the flip side of spreading inequality: as the super-rich set the pace, everyone else spends furiously in a competitive echo of wastefulness. Frank offers the first comprehensive and accessible summary of scientific evidence that our spending choices are not making us as happy and healthy as they could. Furthermore, he argues that human frailty is not at fault. The good news is that we can do something about it. We can make it harder for the super-rich to overspend, and capture our own competitive energy for the public good. Luxury Fever boldly offers a way to curb the excess and restore the true value of money.
54 th ASA President, 1959 It seems appropriate when the American Statistical Association meets in Washington to examine in what ways statistics can make an even greater contribution than at present to the well-being of our nation. While my remarks and illustrations will deal with the United States, I believe that the general conclusions are applicable also to Canada and other nations. Every nation is in a continuous state of change. Sometimes the changes are great, sometimes small, but change is always occurring. The conditions requiring these changes arise both from within and without. As a consequence, there is never-ending need for decisions guiding corrective and adaptive adjustments to the causes of change. The adequacy of these decisions to meet the current and developing situations in each nation determines the well-being, power and future of that nation. We are coming to recognize with increasing clarity that the capacity of a nation to function well depends both upon the quality of its decision-making processes and upon the adequacy and accuracy of the information used. If the information available for decision-making is inaccurate or is incorrectly interpreted, the diagnostic decisions are likely to be in error and the action taken, inappropriate.
Presents an introduction to the theory, methodology, and findings of psychological economics, the study of the human factor in economic affairs. Ways in which past experiences, attitudes, and aspirations of consumers and businessmen alter their decisions to spend, save, and invest; psychological principles of consumer behavior; the psychology of inflation; and the relation between quality of life, social discontent, and consumerism are examined. (9 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
A questionnaire-survey test has been developed for screening neurotic individuals from a general population. Results are reported for 559 white adults in a two-county rural area and 78 diagnosed hospital neurotics in a nearby city. Using a score weighting method based on a discriminant function analysis of a portion of the community responses, 25% of the 419 Ss scored low (indicating poor health), as compared to 92% of the neurotic group. Subsequent independent validation evidence indicated that the test holds promise as a screening instrument. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The concept of quality of life as a tool of comparative social indicators research is analyzed. Inter-city comparisons of objective and subjective measures of well being are presented and the distinctiveness of these two dimensions of the quality of life is documented. The paper concludes with some observations on the implications that this distinctiveness has for the use of the concept quality of life in future social indicators research.
Relating demographers' measures of various population characteristics (size, growth/decline, density, age/sex structures, migration, et cetera) to measures of well-being recently developed within the social indicators movement promises to provide new knowledge about the linkage of population and well-being that can enhance decision making about important population issues.
A conceptual schema is presented that suggests specific relationships to examine at various levels of aggregation, that helps to classify research already done in this area, and that helps to identify "holes" in the knowledge base.
Some special methodological features of research in this area suggest considerable time and care will be required to produce dependable new knowledge. These include: (a) the inherent multilevel nature of the relationships (involving properties of individuals and collectivities); (b) the slow rate at which population characteristics change; (c) the absence of much good well-being data from the past; and (d) the limited nature of the collectivities for which population data are available.
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