No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Pharmacologic properties of Moringa oleifera. 2: Screening for antispasmodic, antiinflammatory and diuretic activity
Abstract
Hot water infusions of flowers, leaves, roots, seeds and stalks or bark of Moringa oleifera were screened to detect three pharmacologic activities in experimental models in rats. The antispasmodic activity was demonstrated using isolated duodenum, oral anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced hindpaw edema and oral diuretic activity by urine output in metabolic cages. The seed infusion showed a significant inhibition of acetylcholine-induced contraction with an ED50 of 65.6 mg/ml bath concentration, inhibition of carrageenan-induced edema at 1000 mg/kg and diuretic activity at 1000 mg/kg. Some activity was also demonstrated in the roots. All doses expressed here are as equivalents of dried starting plant material.
... Moringa contains 17 different amino acids, 20.49% of the total plant content, with glutamic acid making up 14.25% of the total amino acids (Moyo et al., 2011). Moringa dried leaf extract is known to be an effective inhibitor of the central nervous system (Caceres et al., 1992). Moringa root is mainly used for curing flatulence and promoting intestinal regularity (Karadi et al., 2006). ...
... In this study, dietary administration of MOL alone or along with BPP decreased the concentrations of cortisol and norepinephrine during some periods, which was consistent with the theory and with previous research findings. Moringaceae possesses antimicrobial activity (Caceres et al., 1991), while the seeds reportedly have antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities (Caceres et al., 1992). ...
... MOL is an effective inhibitor of the central nervous system (Caceres et al., 1992). Anti-stress plant drugs have been reported earlier to produce non-specifically increased resistance in animal models of stress (Brekhman and Dordymov, 1969;Singh et al., 1978;Bhargava and Singh, 1985;Singh, 1986,). ...
... Bio assay guided isolation revel thiocarbamate and isothiocyanate glycosides from pods of Moringa that have hypotensive potential (Faizi et al., 1995). Aqueous infusion of Moringa roots, leaves, flowers, gum and seeds possess diuretic activity and diuretic components are played a complementary role in the overall blood pressure lowering effect of this plant (Morton, 1991;Caceres et al., 1992). ...
... Moringa roots have been reported to possess antispasmodic activity (Caceres et al., 1992). ...
... Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (Caceres et al., 1992). ...
... Moringa oleifera roots have long been employed for their hepatoprotective properties, supporting liver Ibrahim et al. (2014) health and safeguarding against liver damage. They are known to exhibit choleretic effects, stimulating the secretion of bile and aiding in digestion (Cáceres et al. 1992;Upadhyay et al. 2010). Additionally, in traditional medicine, the roots have been utilized to alleviate symptoms of asthma and other respiratory conditions, potentially due to their bronchodilator effects (Kadir et al. 2014). ...
... The seeds of M. oleifera have been employed in the treatment of various pathological conditions, manifesting antipyretic effects and acting as tonics and purgatives (Cáceres et al. 1992). The seeds are also used to treat boils, arthritis, rheumatism, gout, cramps, and epilepsy (Leone et al. 2015). ...
Moringa oleifera Lam. has garnered widespread recognition as a superfood to combat malnutrition, owing to its exceptional nutrient profile. The rich repertoire of biologically active components, such as isothiocyanates, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, and sterols, is being utilized for a multitude of therapeutic activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and anti-fertility. These functional attributes have paved the way for incorporating M. oleifera into diverse applications, from dietary supplements to nano-formulations. Hence, the present review aims to offer an in-depth account of the nutritional composition, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, therapeutic utility, nano-formulations, and toxicity profile of M. oleifera. These collective insights underline the holistic worth of M. oleifera, positioning it as a valuable asset with vast implications for human health and beyond.
Graphical abstract
... In addition, ethanol extract and its leaf components have been found to have antispasmodic effects, possibly through blockade the of calcium channels. (Cáceres et al., 1992). Finally, it has been shown that M. oleifera has an antimicrobial effect on pathogenic bacteria, attributed to antimicrobial peptides and bioactive compounds (Tirado-Torres et al., 2019) Biotechnology offers alternatives to meet the growing demand for food, through biofertilizers that provide plants with growth regulation to positively modify plant growth and improve yields per hectare. ...
... (Olson, 2011). Moringa leaf extract has been reported to contain, zeatin, dihydrozeatin, and isopenthyladenine, which are natural cytokinins that stimulate cell division, tissue growth, slow senescence, and aging processes in many plant tissues, promote nutrient partitioning and absorption (Anwar et al., 2007;Cáceres et al., 1992;Emongor, 2015). The use of Moringa extracts as a potential plant growth enhancer has the potential to provide an environmentally safe, easily accessible means of increasing crop yields and meeting the exponentially growing demand for food. ...
... They are particularly abundant in several minerals, such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, protein, and vitamin A, B-complex, and C 13 . M. oleifera exhibits diverse pharmacological activities such as anticancer and ulcer-healing effects [14][15][16] . According to previous studies, M. oleifera has the potential to increase follicle formation in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and promote oocyte maturation in sheep 17,18 . ...
It is crucial to develop new tactics to prevent ovarian tissue damage in women whose reproductive toxicity is caused by chemotherapy. The present investigation was performed to assess the protective effects of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaf extract on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced ovarian damage and reproductive dysfunction. Thirty-two female, healthy Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups (8 rats/group). The first group was given saline intraperitoneally (i.p.). The second group was given a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg; i.p.). The third and fourth groups were given M. oleifera leaf extract (150 and 250 mg/kg; orally) for 20 days before receiving CP on the final day of the experiment. Hormonal assessments, including follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estrogen (ES), were performed 24 h after CP administration. In addition, the antioxidant status and inflammatory response against CP were evaluated. Moreover, detailed histopathological and ultra- structural observations were conducted. For evaluation of statistical significance between different groups; One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test was adopted. Our findings revealed that rats subjected to CP showed increased levels of FSH, LH, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-8 and decreased levels of ES and glutathione. Pre-treatment with M. oleifera leaf extract (250 mg/kg; orally) was statistically significant (p values < 0.05) as it could improve hormonal changes, oxidative stress indices, and pro- inflammatory mediator levels. Consequently, a marked improvement was observed in the ovarian and uterine architectures, with a normal ovarian reserve and a normal endothelium with normal tubular glands. In conclusion, M. oleifera leaf extract (250 mg/kg) could be used as a pharmaceutical supplement because it protects female rats against CP-induced ovarian damage and reproductive dysfunction.
... There are many therapeutic uses of Moringa oleifera, which have been found in different regions of the world. In addition to having antitumor and antimicrobial properties, Moringa oleifera is effective against infection, diabetes, typhoid, HIV, diarrhea, dysentery, ulcer, rheumatism, joint pain, arthritis, etc. (Fahey et al., 2005;Costa-Lotufo et al., 2005;Fuglie, 1999;Caceres et al., 1992;Faizi et al., 1998;Asres, 1995;Bharali et al., 2003). ...
The superfood Moringa oleifera leaves are an alternative food source for human nutrition and animal feeds in different countries. This highly nutritious plant has several medicinal uses as well. Abundant vitamins and minerals make this plant a source of curiosity to underdeveloped and developing countries to meet the requirements of nutrients. Higher crude protein levels in moringa leaves have become popular as alternative feed sources for animals. Moreover, the leaf contains a rich amount of macro and micronutrients such as minerals and vitamins. It is also popular in some countries for its aphrodisiac use. Moringa leaves are used in the diet as a supplement to enhance growth and reproductive performance in animals, including fish. These leaves have been used in diets to replace fishmeal, soybean, and other plant-based meal sources. The antibacterial properties of the leaves are functional as a way of lessening the spread of diseases and as an immunity booster in aquaculture. According to the literature surveyed, moringa leaves can be utilized in the diet at 10-30% in omnivore and herbivore fish and 10-20% in carnivore fish without adverse effects. In this review, we discuss the utilization of supplemented moringa leaves and their effect on the growth and reproduction of fish. We also discuss how these leaves affect the hematological and physiological performance of fish.
... [25][26][27] Based on animal histopathological investigations, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of root, flower and leaf have been reported to reduce drug-induced hepatic and renal damage. [13,[28][29] The antiinflammatory activity of Moringa oleifera has been observed after the treatment with extracts of roots, stem, leaves, flowers, pods and seeds in studies on paw oedema [30] , airway inflammation [31] , ulcerative colitis [32] , atopic dermatitis [33] , and in parkinsonism. [34] Extracts from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, pods, and seeds have been shown to have antimicrobial properties against gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gramnegative (Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli) bacteria isolated from clinical samples. ...
Moringa oleifera Lam. is, plant of the Moringaceae family, which is also known as drumstick tree, miracle tree due to its miraculous effects. It contains various macronutrients and micronutrients such as vitamins. It contains Bioactive Plant Compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, sterols, etc. which directly or indirectly affects the organism consuming it. Moringa oleifera flowers possess antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, chemo-protective activity. Along with its hepatoprotective action, it is used in splenic disorders also. Ayurveda mentions the Moringa oleifera Lam. in the treatment of various diseases such as Gulma, Arbuda (tumors) due to its intensive penetrative properties, in Vidradhi (abscess), in eye diseases, etc. It is well known Ayurveda drug for its capacity to act as mucolytic, fat metabolizer, aphrodisiac and cell nutri-tive. It lowers Vata and Kapha dosha, and lessens worms, edema, and abscesses. Moringa oleifera is able to treat obesity, lymphadenitis, tumors, thyroid enlargement and ulcers/wounds. Moringa oleifera flowers are in-cluded under Pushpa shaka. Bhavprakash emphasised the benefits of Moringa flowers for treating worm infesta-tions, splenic disorders, abscesses, Kapha and Vata conditions, and inflammation of the tendons, etc. In recent studies, Moringa oleifera Lam. flower extracts have shown cell proliferation activity in rat fibroblasts, MSCs and angiogenesis.
... The anti-inflammatory potency of Moringa oleifera has been substantiated by the application of extracts from diverse plant components, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, pods, and seeds. In a mouse study, the root extract of M. oleifera significantly decreased the progression of paw edema, similar to phenylbutazone, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication known for its analgesic and antipyretic properties [68]. In addition, acetylcholine-induced bronchospasms were diminished and airway inflammation in guinea pigs was alleviated by Th1/Th2 cytokine modulation using Moringa oleifera seed butanol extract. ...
Background: Moringa oleifera is one of the most nutrient-packed species, commonly known as the drumstick tree or miracle tree, and has garnered substantial popularity for its health benefits, phytochemical profile, and therapeutic potential. Moringa oleifera is a plant that is native to the Indian subcontinent and has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years owing to its nutritional and therapeutic properties. Methods: The leaves, seeds, pods, roots, and flowers of this plant are enriched with a wide range of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, vitamins, minerals, and essential amino acids. Therefore, it is considered a reservoir crop for both nutritional and medicinal applications. Result: The recent rediscovery of the plant is at the forefront of changes in nutrition, medicine, and public health. Owing to its varied clinical applications, the plant is a potential candidate for research in new drug development and functional foods. Conclusions: Potential applications of Moringa compounds in the treatment of chronic diseases include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial (bacterial or fungal), and anticancerous effects. In this review, various phytochemical extraction techniques, therapeutic properties, and applications are discussed.
... It has many vitamins (A, E, B 2 , B 5 , B 6 , folic acid) and minerals (Ca, Fe) (Biel et al., 2017). Moringa has antihypertensive, diuretic and cholesterollowering activities, antifertility, antimicrobial and antifungal activities (Caceres et al., 1992), hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antispasmodic, antitumor, anticancer and antioxidant activities (Jimenez et al., 2017). A variety of diseases and deficiencies can be cured by the attributes and substances of Moringa (Fordl et al., 2001). ...
This study was conducted during February, 2022 to February, 2023 to evaluate effect of dietary supplementation of Terminalia arjuna bark and Moringa oleifera leaf powder on external and internal egg quality parameters and egg composition of Uttara chicken. Day old chicks (n=72) were distributed into six treatment groups, having three replicates of 4 birds each. Birds were fed T0 (control diet), T1 (Basal diet+1% Arjuna bark powder+1% Sahjan leaf powder), T2 (Basal diet+1% Arjuna+2% Sahjan), T3 (Basal diet+1% Arjuna+3% Sahjan), T4 (Basal diet+1% Arjuna+4% Sahjan) and T5 (Basal diet+1% Arjuna+5% Sahjan). Eggs from the T3 group consistently exhibited higher (p<0.01) egg weight, thicker egg shell, greater egg shell weight, and improved albumen quality, as evidenced by higher albumen height, albumen index, and Haugh unit values. Yolk weight and yolk color score were also improved (p<0.01) in treatment groups, notably T2 and T3 as compared to control group. The eggs from the T3 group had significantly higher (p<0.05) crude protein content and lower yolk cholesterol levels compared to other groups. There was no significant difference in moisture (%) and ether extract (%) content of egg. Thus, it may be concluded that Arjuna bark @ 1% and Sahjan leaf @ 3% powder have positively influenced egg quality and egg composition of Uttara chicken indicating its potential as a beneficial dietary supplement in poultry diet.
... Seeds are used as purgative, antipyretic and anti inflammatory 11 . The plant possesses antimicrobial activity 12 , while the seeds and root reportedly have antispasmodic activity 13 . Thus the present study was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the anti-asthmatic activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. ...
Asthma is a disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person. The currently used drugs for the treatment of this disease in modern medicine are so far from satisfactory as they provide only symptomatic relief, produce several adverse effects and may lose effectiveness on continued use. The Anti-asthmatic activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. root was studied against histamine and Ach induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, against agonist induced contraction of Guinea pig ileum and against egg albumin induced rat peritoneal mast cell degranulation. Activity was also studied using bronchoalveolarlavaged (BAL) fluid of guinea pigs and by carrying out histopathology of egg albumin sensitized guinea pig lung. Treatment with M.Oleifera increased PreConvulsion Time of guinea pigs against histamine as well as Ach induced bronchospasm. M.Oleifera also showed dose dependent inhibition of agonist induced contraction on guinea pig ileum. Egg albumin induced mast cell degranulation was inhibited by M.Oleifera. Treatment with M.Oleifera for 15 days resulted in significant decrease in Total Leukocytes Count (TLC) as well as Differential Leukocytes Count (DLC) in BAL fluid. M.Oleifera shown bronchodilator activity, non-specific spasmolytic activity and mast cell stabilizing activities. Also it inhibits the migration of leukocytes on exposure to antigens, thus confirming its anti-asthmatics activity.
... [52,53] Roots of M. oleifera have been reported to retain antispasmodic activity. [54] The methanol portion of M. oleifera leaf extract showed hepatoprotective and antiulcerogenic effects in rats [55]. ...
Throughout the world, moringa oleifera is a multipurpose herbal plant that is utilized for both medicinal and dietary purposes. Researchers now acknowledge that this plant offers a range of medicinal and nutritional benefits for health. According to research reports, moringa leaves are abundant in β-carotene, protein, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium. They also function as a strong source of natural antioxidants, which extend the shelf life of foods that contain fat because of the existence of several kinds of antioxidant substances, including ascorbic carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and acid. It is referred as in the Philippines as "Mother's Best Friend" due to its use in boosting a woman's milk synthesis and is often recommended for anemia. Its nutrients-rich leaves, pods, and flowers are beneficial to both people and animals. Around the world, people have used moringa as a traditional medicine to treat disorders like cholera, anemia, skin infections,
... The beneficial role of moringa flowers in treating chronic and acute inflammation and wound healing has been reported in several studies (Cáceres et al., 1992;Cretella et al., 2020;Udupa et al., 1994). Mahajan and Mehta (2009) demonstrated the antiarthritic potentials of the aqueous-alcoholic moringa flower extract in Wister rats. ...
... The species contains various phytoconstituents such as terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroidal aglycones, and reducing sugars in different parts such as leaves, bark, flowers, seeds, roots, and pods [12,13]. The species have been shown to exhibit anti-urolithic [14], antimicrobial [15], anti-bacterial [8,16,17], analgesic, anti-inflammatory [18][19][20], antioxidant [21][22][23], anti-diabetic [24,25], hepatoprotective [26] and more activities. In the present study, we focused on comparing various pharmacognostic parameters including identification of phytochemicals, determination of physicochemical parameters, TLC of the extracts, and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content of leaves of Moringa oleifera and Moringa concanensis. ...
Moringa oleifera and Moringa concanensis, belong to the family of Moringaceae and are well-known as the drumstick tree. Moringa oleifera is a miracle tree, that people have been using for centuries due to its health benefits. Moringa concanensis locally known as Kattumurungai is also one of the important medicinal plants. Like Moringa oleifera, this plant is also used to treat skin tumors, fatigue, high blood pressure, jaundice, and diabetes. The present study involved the comparative pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of these two species. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of both species showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, and tannins including carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. The maximum percentage yield was found in Moringa oleifera. The physicochemical parameters like ash values and extractive values were found to be maximum in Moringa oleifera. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the methanolic extract was performed for three important phytochemicals such as alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids. Both species showed the presence of prominent spots on TLC plates. Among these spots, some of them had similar Rf values, but some of them with different Rf values indicating the presence of similar and different alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids respectively. Determination of total flavonoid and total phenolic content was also carried out using the Folin Ciocalteu and Aluminum Chloride methods respectively. Moringa oleifera was found to contain 453µg/ml of total phenols and 365 µg/ml of total flavonoids and were maximum compared to Moringa concanensis. These findings suggest that Moringa concanensis shares some similar macroscopical and phytochemical characteristics as that of Moringa oleifera but is very similar in the types of alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids. Further study has to be done to identify these particular spots using reference standards.
... (Caceres et al.1992; Sultana and Ashraf. 2009) [5,13] a result of its tangy lemon flavour, cuisines. Acne, athlete's foot, excessive sweating, flatulence, muscle aches, greasy skin, and scabies are just a few of the health ailments that have been treated using lemongrass essential oil (Brian, and Ikhlas, 2002) [14] . ...
... It is well known by the locals. Studies have been conducted to confirm some widely used medicinal properties (Cáceres et al., 1992;Leone et al., 2015). MO is also called the Miracle Tree, Tree of Life, Mother's Best Friend, God's Gift to Man, and Savior of the Poor by the locals due to its favorable properties (Mbikay, 2012). ...
Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) are native to India and have high biological activities. To better understand the basic pharmacodynamic materials, the chemical components in MOL and their pharmacokinetic properties were studied and quantitated using UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS. Forty-two compounds were identified, including phenolic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids, isothiocyanates, nucleosides, alkaloids, and other compounds. Two phenolic acids and six flavonoids were studied for their pharmacokinetic properties using UHPLC-MS/MS. Precision, accuracy, stability, matrix effects, and extraction recovery were verified. All substances that were measured reached their maximum within 0.5 h. Vicenin-2 had a high peak concentration and bioavailability. Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside had a longer biological half-life than other components. The results from this study provide the data basis for subsequent comprehensive qualitative evaluation and potential MOL use in clinical applications.
... The documentation of anti-inflammatory action from the hot water infusions ofall parts of M. oleifera using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats (Cáceres et al., 1992).The aqueous and ethanolicextracts displayed highest action within two hours of challenge. The aqueous extract exhibited considerable (P<0.01) ...
Mushrooms are considered as good source of functional, nutritious and medicinal food. For this reason, mushroom is termed as super food. Besides this, mushroom has low calorie food with excellent sources of minerals, proteins and vitamin B complex. Mushrooms are considered as functional food for development of drugs and nutraceuticals because of rich in antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor properties and highly nutritional value like high protein, high fiber, low fat, low starch and low energy value. Mushroom is considered as highly perishable food, so cannot be stored for long days under ambient conditions. This factor acts as difficult in marketing for commercialization. Therefore, for preservation of mushroom, drying can be employed for extending shelf life of the mushroom. Some approaches for successful marketing can be achieved by value addition and creating process product of mushroom. Therefore, mushroom can be dried and converted into powder form for value addition of mushroom like biscuit, cookies, soup powder, papad, cake, bread, pickle, sauce, candy, noodle, etc. In this chapter, we envisaged to provide a detailed account on fortification of mushroom product.
... These leaves have high medicinal value . [1] Various parts of this plant such as the leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess anti tumor, [2] antipyretic, antiepileptic, anti inflammatory, antiulcer, [3] antispasmodic, diuretic, [4,5] antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal activities, [6] and are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous system of medicine . [7] In traditional medicine Moringa oleifera tree is known as a Miracle tree as almost every part of this tree possesses product useful for humans. ...
The present study was designed to investigate antibacterial and antifungal activity of Methanol extract from the fruits of Moringa oleifera. The extract were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity by Disc diffusion method. The fruit extract of Moringa oleifera showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and antifungal activity. The highest zone of inhibition was found at the concentration of 200 µg/ disc for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22 mm) and Colletotrichum Sp (14 mm). Methanol extract possessed moderate antibacterial activity against bacterial strains-Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholera, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella species and Proteus species and antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi-Alternaria SP, Colletotrichum SP, Curvularia sp and Fusarium SP.
... Various parts of the plants possess anti-pyretic, anti-epileptic, antiinflammatory, anti-ulcer and anti-tumor properties (Pal et al., 1995, Makonnen et al., 1997. Other important medicinal properties of the plant include anti-spasmodic (Caceres et al., 1992), diuretic (Morton, 1991), anti-hypertensive (Dahot, 1988), cholesterol lowering (Mehta et al., 2003), antioxidant, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective (Farooq et al., 2007), anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities (Nickon et al., 2003;Farooq et al., 2007). In addition, M. oleifera seeds possess water purifying powers (Muyibi and Evison, 1995;Kawo, 2007) by flocculating Grampositive and Gramnegative bacterial cells (Kawo, 2007). ...
An antimicrobial study of extract from Moringa oleifera, Croton zambesicus and Ocimum gratissimum was carried out against some selected multi-drug resistant isolates in vitro. Water, ethanol and n-hexane were employed as the solvents for extraction process at a ratio of 8g (macerated plants) to 100mL (solvents). Staphylococcus spp.-ve Staphylococcus sp. were isolated from urine samples from patients at different general hospitals at Ondo State, Nigeria. Antibacterial activity was carried out using agar diffusion method while agar dilution method was employed for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Mueller-Hinton agar. The antibacterial activity of water, ethanol and n hexane leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera, Croton zambesicus and Ocimum gratissimum at concentrations of 100 mg/ml were analyzed on the selected MDR bacteria using agar disc diffusion method. The drug of choice for all isolates was ciprofloxacin based on its wide range of effectiveness. Water and ethanol extract for Ocimum gratissimum was observed to be the most effective in inhibiting the growth of multidrug resistant bacteria. In this study, Ocimum gratissimum was active against a great number of MDR bacteria (with an average of 9mm). Croton zambesicus extracted from water and ethanol was also active against most MDR isolates with an average of 7.5mm. However, all extracts from Moringa oleifera showed the lowest or no inhibitory value. Moringa oleifera water extract was only sensitive to Klebsiella ornithinolytica and Escherichia coli by 13mm and 12mm respectively while the n-hexane extract of Moringa oleifera was only active against Enterobacter agglomerane and Escherichia coli isolates by 13mm and 14mm; 11mm respectively. Zone of inhibition from Croton zambesicus for n-hexane showed inhibitory effect to 10 MDR isolates. Findings from this study indicate that Ocimum gratissimum has a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against all tested isolates and thus has a potential as a source of natural drugs. Furthermore, both Ocimum gratissimum and Croton zambesicus can be a potential source for the treatment of different infections caused by multiple drug resistant bacteria. However, in vivo studies are recommended.
... Nevertheless, all parts of the Moringa Oleifera tree are edible and have been consumed for many years by humans. The diverse range of medicinal uses of Moringa oleifera, include its use as an antioxidant, Verma, Diaz-Gonzalaz andGonzalez-Remirez., (2009), anticarcinogenic, Bharadi, Tabassum andAzad, (2003), anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, diuretic, Caceres, Saravia, Rizzo, Zabala, De Leon and Nave, (1992), antiulcer, antibacterial, antifungal Caceres, Cabrera, Morales, Mollinado and Mendia, (1991), Sulaiman, Somchit, Israt, Ahmad and Moin, (2008), as well as its wound healing ability has been demonstrated, Rathi, Bodhanker and Baheti., (2006). Additionally, the root bark has been used as an analgesic, alexeteric, anthelmintic, and treatment for heart complaints, as well as for eye diseases, inflammation and dyspepsia, Nadkarni, (1954). ...
The analysis of the leaf of Moringa oleifera was carried out using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Result obtained showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and cardiac glycoside. The GC-MS analysis showed that the leaf extract contained 16 compounds which included; Dodecanoic acid (C12H24O2), Tetradecanoic acid, (C14H2802), Hexadecanoic acid, (C17H34O2), n-Hexadecanoic acid, (C16H3202), 9-Octadecanoic acid (C19H36O2), cis-Vaccinic acid, (C18H34O2), Oleic acid, (C18H34O2), Eicosanoic acid, (C21H42O2), Oleic acid, 3-hydroxylpropyl ester (C21H40O3), Oleic acid, (C18H34O2), Docosanoic acid, Methyl ester, (C23H46O2), Vitamin E (C29H50O2), Trioxa-5-phosphaheptacos-18-en-1-aminium,4-hydroxyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-10-oxo-{(1-oxo-9-ocl)}, (C44H84NO8P), Oleic acid, 3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester, (C39H76O3), Oleic acid, 3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester, (C39H76O3), 9-Octadecanoicacid [Z]., 2-hydroxyl-1,3-propanedyl ester, (C39H72O5). Similarly, the antimicrobial result showed that the extract had activities against six selected human pathogens such as; Staphylococcus aureus with diameter of inhibition 3.8 and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 50 mg/g, Streptococcus spp with diameter of inhibition 5 and (MIC) 25mg/g, Escherichia coli with diameter of inhibition 20 and (MIC) of 25mg/g, Salmonela. typhi with diameter of inhibition 3 and (MIC) 50, P. aureginosa with diameter of inhibition 3 and (MIC) 50.
... It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. 3 Different parts of this plant contain a profile of important minerals, phytochemicals and are a good source of protein, vitamins, beta-carotene, amino acids and various phenolics. 4 The Moringa plant provides a rich and rare combination of zeatin, quercetin, beta-sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid and kaempferol. ...
... In this study, edema was induced in animals, first using formalin which causes local inflammation when injected into the fascia of the foot (24,25). The tissue lesion thus leads to inflammation, and tissue damage is known to induce the synthesis of histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes (26), PAF (platelet activating factor), cytokines and NO (nitric oxide) (27). These mediators increase the permeability of the capillaries in the damaged region. ...
Background: Zingiber officinale is a spice consumed in Chad and traditionally used against osteoarthritis, migraine and rheumatic pain, but few pharmacological studies of this plant have been carried out. The aim of this study was to assess the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Z. officinale rhizomes essential oil (EO). Methods: A preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the EO of Z. officinale rhizomes; the anti-inflammatory activity of the given plant extract was then assessed at the concentrations of 0.20%, 1% and 5% on three experimental models: egg yolk-induced oedema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma and formalin. In addition, the essential oil was tested for its in vitro antioxidant capacity using the 2,2-Diphényl-2-picryl-hydrazyle Free Radical Scavenging Test, acide 2,2'-azino-bis 3éthylbenz- thiazoline-6-sulfonique Radical Test and the Ferric reducing antioxidant power Test. The study was extended to the acute toxicity of the EO of the rhizomes of Z. officinale using the sequential method. Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening of the EO of Z. officinale rhizome revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes, terpenoids and free quinones. In the egg yolk-induced edema model, the EO of Z .officinale rhizomes significantly inhibited (p < 0.01) oedema by 25.28%, 31.12% and 68.27% at the concentrations of 0.20%, 1% and 5%, respectively, when compared to controls. In the formalin-induced paw edema model, EO of Z. officinale rhizomes inhibited oedema by 24.27%, 30.14% and 43.14% at the concentrations of 0.20%, 1% and 5%, respectively, when compared to the controls. In the cotton pellet-induced granuloma model, EO of Z. officinale rhizomes induced an anti-granulomatous effect of 32.68%, 38.27% and 41.51% at the concentrations of 0.20%, 1% and 5%, respectively, as compared to controls. Additionally, the EO of the rhizomes of Z. officinale also induced in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity and iron reduction. Definitely, the LD50 of the EO of Z. officinale rhizomes was estimated as more than 2000 mg/kg b.w. Conclusion: The EO of Z. officinale rhizomes exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. This effect can be explained, at least partly to its chemical content and its antioxidant potential.
... The crude extract of moringa leaves has a significant cholesterol lowering action in the serum of high fat diet, which might be attributed to the presence of a bioactive phytoconstituent, sitosterol (Ghasi et al. 2000). M. oleifera roots have been reported to possess anti-spasmodic activity (Caceres et al. 1992). Moringa leaves have been extensively studied pharmacologically and it has been found that the ethanol extract and its constituents exhibit anti-spasmodic effects (Dangi et al. 2002). ...
TAccording to the latest UN projections, world population will rise to 9.1 billion in 2050. Almost all this population growth will occur in the developing countries. Global demand for food, feed and fibre will nearly double. Crops may also be used for bioenergy and other industrial purposes. New and traditional demands for agricultural produces will put great pressure on already available agricultural resources. Agriculture will be forced to compete for land and water with sprawling urban settlements. Mitigation of climate change is another challenge for agriculture. They will need new technologies to grow more from less land, with a fewer resources. As per FAO, there is little scope for further expansionof agricultural land. Considerableamount of land potentially suitable for agriculture is covered by forestsor protected for environmentalreasons or used for urban settlements. The optimal use of land and water is the basis for intensive agriculture. Today, the world average per capita crop land has decreased to around 0.27 hectares. The demand for food is expected to grow as a result of population growth and rising incomes. Demand for cereals (for food and animal feed) is projected to reach some 3 billion tones by 2050. Annual cereal production will have to grow by almost one billion tones. Here comes the role of horticulture especially vegetables. Vegetables have tremendous potential in terms of natural resources. Further, their productivity is very high in vegetables when compared to cereals. In developing countries, the effort to ensure food security with staple food crops has neglected the need for nutritional security. Even though starchy staples provide calories and some protein, the important role of other dietary components vital for health largely available through consumption of vegetables and fruits are often ignored. World Health Organisation (WHO) has introduced a food based dietary guideline as a resource for achieving good health by public and as a resource for countries for developing their own guide lines. Increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables is included in the guidelines of most countries
... MO is a natural extract that is 100% natural, providing a chemical-free and non-toxicity. Because of its high antioxidant activity and other beneficial biological and pharmacological properties, natural MO is increasingly used as an antiinflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, etc. [2][3][4]. Although MO can be used directly, several restrictions remain such as the accelerated degradation of bioactive components when exposed to environmental variables, including heat, light, oxygen depletion, and moisture or the reaction with other ingredients in the product. ...
Moringa oil (MO) contains various bioactive components and pharmacology. It is attractive to use as a raw ingredient in various products. However, there are limitations on its direct utilization, especially MO's instability and hastening the active ingredient's degradation from external environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, oxidation, light, and heat. To solve these problems, in this work, microencapsulation of MO using different biopolymers as cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), ethyl cellulose (EC), and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) were carried out by a simple solvent evaporation technique. The prepared polymer microcapsule suspensions were highly colloidal stable for all types of biopolymers and ratios. The spherical biopolymer capsules were formed to a micrometer size after solvent evaporation under all conditions. However, when the microcapsules were dried, aggregation was found with the polymer microcapsules at a ratio of PLLA to MO of 50:50 for all three types of polymers, possibly due to the low amount of polymer to completely encapsulate all of MO. When polymer contents increased to 70%, the dried spherical polymer microcapsules were smoothly produced. Using 70% polymers, the PLLA microcapsule surface was smoother than the polymer microcapsules prepared by CAB and EC which exhibited the dent or hole on the outer surface. Micrometer size, spherical polymer capsules with a core-shell morphology were fabricated. Due to the higher hydrophilicity of the polymer than the MO, the polymer moves outward, forming a strong shell around the MO. Then, all three biopolymers can be used for the microencapsulation of MO at a suitable polymer to MO ratio. However, using PLLA at a ratio of PLLA to MO of 70:30 presented the highest encapsulation efficiency (74.08%), which may be due to its high molecular weight. Because of the non-toxicity and biodegradability of biopolymers, the fabricated microcapsules would be well applied in cosmetic products.
... The documentation of anti-inflammatory action from the hot water infusions ofall parts of M. oleifera using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats (Cáceres et al., 1992).The aqueous and ethanolicextracts displayed highest action within two hours of challenge. The aqueous extract exhibited considerable (P<0.01) ...
... Moringa leaves have been widely investigated pharmacologically, and the ethanol extract and its compounds have been discovered to have antispasmodic properties, perhaps through calcium channel blocking [39]. Antispasmodic activity has been reported in M. oleifera roots [40]. The presence of 4-[-(L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl]-o-methyl thiocarbamate [3] (trans), which forms the foundation for its traditional usage in diarrhea, has been attributed to the antispasmodic effect of the ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves. ...
... Moringa flowers are used to make tea, added into sauces or made into a paste and fried (Kalibbala et al., 2009). Different studies from around the world has revealed some medicinal properties of moringa which includes its use in the treatment of edema, skin infections and sores; protection of the liver against damage caused by anti-tubercular drugs ,treatment of stomach disorders such as constipation, gastritis, and ulcerative colitis; and prevention of cancer (Caceres et al., 1992;Farooq et al., 2007;Raheela et al., 2008). It is also known in treating mood disorders, ulcers, diabetics, asthma, reducing high blood pressure (Rebecca et al., 2006;Abalaka et al., 2012). ...
This present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of M. oleifera leaf on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was determined using agar well diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined using micro broth dilution method. Phytochemical analysis showed that terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, tannin, saponin, alkaloids, steroids and anthraquinolones were present in varying concentrations of the different extracts. The antibacterial activities of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of M. oleifera leaf at concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25,12.5mg/ml showed the zone diameter of inhibition for S. aureus in response to the different extracts ranged between 9mm to 20mm while that of E. coli was between 7mm to 19mm. The MIC of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract on S. aureus is 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml respectively while the MIC of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract on E. coli is 12.5mg/ml and 6.25mg/ml respectively. The MBC of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract on S. aureus is 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml respectively while the MBC of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract on E. coli is 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml respectively. It can be concluded that some secondary metabolites present in Moringa oleifera leaf may be responsible for the inhibition of the bacteria observed in this study; and the ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaf possesses more antimicrobial activity (10-20mm) in a concentration dependent manner than the aqueous extract (9-15mm). This could justify its use as an antimicrobial agent. Therefore, M. oleifera leaf could be a promising natural antimicrobial agent with potential applications in pharmaceutical industries for controlling the pathogenic bacteria used in this work.
... Every part of Moringa oleifera tree is useful. It is also used in the treatment of diseases like ascites, rheumatism, venomous bites, and also used as cardiac and circulatory stimulant (Caceres et al., 1992). According to Ogbe and John (2012) Moringa oleifera leaves contains 17.01% protein and LPC of Moringa oleifera leaves contains 39.13% protein (Sodamade et al., 2013). ...
Leaf protein concentrate (LPC) is a cheap and vegetarian source of high-quality protein that can be used for dietary enrichment in various food products. The aim of this study was to compare different plants for preparation of LPC. It was found that LPC yield for curry leaves, drumstick leaves and tobacco leaves were 1.64±0.40, 6.60±0.29 and 4.32±0.17 %, respectively. Crude protein content of drumstick and tobacco leaves were 33.01± 2.48 % and 63.72± 2.99 % respectively. Tobacco leaves were identified as best source of LPC and were taken up for further nutritional evaluation. The moisture, total ash, c rude protein, fat, crude fibre, carbohydrate and physiological energy value of fresh tobacco leaves were 75.38%, 3.45%, 10.39%, 0.28%, 4.13%, 6.37% and 69.56 kcal/100g, respectively. The moisture, total ash, crude protein, fat, crude fibre, carbohydrate and physiological energy value of tobacco LPC was 9.4%, 6.16%, 62.34%, 8%, 8.7%, 5.4% and 342.96 kcal/100g respectively.
... The chemical constituents of Moringa oleifera from different parts have been previously studied to contain a significant amount of bioactive compounds that contribute to various activities they possess. Among the many activities they possess include antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory [111][112][113][114][115] A study by Lin, Zhu [116] reported that a total of 122 phytochemical constituents was screened in the Moringa oleifera extract. The study examined Moringa oleifera leaves extract obtained from different continent, namely China and India. ...
Moringa oleifera , or drumstick tree, is popularly known as the miracle tree. Almost every part of this tree is scientifically proven to be useful, be it root, bark, gum, leaf, fruit, flower, and seed. Over the years, many scientific studies have illustrated large bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera extract. It is possible that the antifungal property of Moringa oleifera is closely associated with the presence of its bioactive compounds. However, this finding is limited to human studies and few on agricultural importance despite their potentiality. Nonetheless, various studies found good antifungal activity of Moringa oleifera extract, the promising results for the antifungal activity made it a good candidate to replace the synthetic fungicide. In this regard, this review focuses on using Moringa oleifera extracts as a potential biofungicide against the soil borne fungal disease that destroys most cash crops, especially chillies. Conclusively, this review outline the current state of knowledge and provides a compilation of evidence-based literature on Moringa oleifera extract to provide a reference for its potential application as biofungicide against soil borne fungal disease.
... Methanolic and aqueous extract of root and bark, methanolic extract of leaves and flowers and ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera posses anti inflammatory activity. In vitro anti inflammatory activity from the hot water infusions of flowers, leaves, roots, seeds and stalks or bark of Moringa oleifera using carrageen an induced and the extract was pharmacologically evaluated [37] . ...
... The documentation of anti-inflammatory action from the hot water infusions ofall parts of M. oleifera using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats (Cáceres et al., 1992).The aqueous and ethanolicextracts displayed highest action within two hours of challenge. The aqueous extract exhibited considerable (P<0.01) ...
Genomics is the advanced field of biology and specialized field of genetics. It is based on recombinant
DNA technology which includes the construction of genomics and cDNA library, DNA
Hybridization, Restriction-enzyme mapping and DNA Sequencing. There are many applications of
genomics which used to observe the gene mutations that are responsible for creating the structure of
the many proteins’ molecule. Pharmacogenomics and metagenomics are the branch that included
evaluating the effectiveness and safety of drugs on the basis of information from an individual’s
genomic sequence and used to identify new species more rapidly and to analyze the effect of
pollutants on the environment.
... The documentation of anti-inflammatory action from the hot water infusions ofall parts of M. oleifera using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats (Cáceres et al., 1992).The aqueous and ethanolicextracts displayed highest action within two hours of challenge. The aqueous extract exhibited considerable (P<0.01) ...
... The alcoholic extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera are reported to have analgesic activity [5] and the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera roots also shows antifertility profile [6]. The plant is reported to have wide range of pharmacological effects that include antitumor [7], antipyretic [1], antispasmodic, diuretic [8], antiulcer [9], hypotensive [10], hypolipidemic [11], Hepatoprotective [12], anti-fungal [13] and antibacterial activities [14]. ...
This is an Open Access Journal / article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. Moringa oleifera, belongs to family Moringaceae, is commonly known as Moringai in Tamil. Several literature report suggest it to be anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, anti-cancer, immune modulators, antibacterial and anti-hyperlipidaemic activity. Fresh flowers of Moringa oleifera were extracted and evaluated for antioxidant activities by 2,2-Diphenyl 1-picryl hydrazyl solution (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sul-phonic acid (ABTS) assay and anti inflammatory activites by human blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method and Inhibition of albumin denaturation method. The results obtained showed that the ethyl acetate fractions of Moringa oleifera flowers can be considered as good sources of anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic, it can be incorporated into the drug formulations. This study justifies the anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity of isolated ethyl acetate fractions of Moringa oleifera flowers. Further detailed analysis of this sample is required to identify the presence of bioactive compounds responsible for anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity. Studies are highly needed for future drug development.
... There are many therapeutic uses of Moringa oleifera, which have been found in different regions of the world. In addition to having antitumor and antimicrobial properties, Moringa oleifera is effective against infection, diabetes, typhoid, HIV, diarrhea, dysentery, ulcer, rheumatism, joint pain, arthritis, etc. (Fahey et al., 2005;Costa-Lotufo et al., 2005;Fuglie, 1999;Caceres et al., 1992;Faizi et al., 1998;Asres, 1995;Bharali et al., 2003). ...
The superfood Moringa oleifera leaves are an alternative food source for human nutrition and animal feeds in different countries. This highly nutritious plant has several medicinal uses as well. Abundant vitamins and minerals make this plant a source of curiosity to underdeveloped and developing countries to meet the requirements of nutrients. Higher crude protein levels in moringa leaves have become popular as alternative feed sources for animals. Moreover, the leaf contains a rich amount of macro and micronutrients such as minerals and vitamins. It is also popular in some countries for its aphrodisiac use. Moringa leaves are used in the diet as a supplement to enhance growth and reproductive performance in animals, including fish. These leaves have been used in diets to replace fishmeal, soybean, and other plant-based meal sources. The antibacterial properties of the leaves are functional as a way of lessening the spread of diseases and as an immunity booster in aquaculture. According to the literature surveyed, moringa leaves can be utilized in the diet at 10-30% in omnivore and herbivore fish and 10-20% in carnivore fish without adverse effects. In this review, we discuss the utilization of supplemented moringa leaves and their effect on the growth and reproduction of fish. We also discuss how these leaves affect the hematological and physiological performance of fish.
... Moringa oleifera has long been valued as both a food and medicinal tree. The therapeutic benefi ts, for which different tree parts are used, include analgesic (Sutar et al., 2008), antipyretic (Oliveira et al., 1999), hypocholesterolemic (Mehta et al., 2003;Ghasi et al., 2000), hypoglycemic (Makonnen et al., 1997), hepatoprotective (Pari and Kumar, 2002), antihypertensive (Faizi et al., 1995), anti-infl ammatory (Ezeamuzle et al., 1996), antispasmodic (Caceres et al., 1992), antiulcer (Pal et al., 1995), antioxidant (Siddhuraju and Becker, 2003), anticonvulsant (Amrutia et al., 2011), antimicrobial (Caceres et al., 1991), and antitumour (Guevara et al., 1999;Murakami et al., 1998) activities. The seeds of M. oleifera yielded 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate which exhibited a minimum bactericidal concentration of 40 μM for Mycobacterium phlei and 56 μM for Bacillus subtilis (Eilert et al., 1981). ...
4-(α-L-Rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate (1) and 4-(4’-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy)- benzyl isothiocyanate (2) isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds were screened for their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for their antifungal activities against Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum using the disk diffusion method. Isothiocyanates 1 and 2 were found active at the lowest inhibitory concentration of 1 mg/ml against all Grampositive bacteria tested (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis) and against the dermatophytic fungi E. floccosum and T. rubrum. Statistically signifi cant differences were found between the mean inhibition zones (IZ) of 1 and 2 and the standard drugs, ofl oxacin and clotrimazole. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values confi rmed the good antimicrobial activity of 1 and 2 against S. aureus, good to moderate activity against S. epidermidis, moderate activity against B. subtilis, and weak activity against E. floccosum and T. rubrum. The in vitro bactericidal effect of 1 and 2 against the Gram-positive bacterial strains tested is suggested by MBC:MIC ratios of 2:1.
Herbal tablets are unit solid dosage form containing herbal crud drugs as an active constituent. Herbal drugs are currently attracting great interest in their flexible application, as medicinal plants are the richest source of bioactive substances used in traditional and modern medicines. This article is based on formulation of Herbal tablet contains poly herbs which are intended to treats inflammation and pain of body due to weakness. This article is based on tablets evaluations such as pre-formulation studies and physical studies of formulated tablet. Based on the results it is concluded that the formulation and evaluation are good.
Traditional medicinal plants have long been used to treat various ailments in the primary health care system. Shigru (Moringa oleifera) is the most widely cultivated species, fast-growing, drought-resistant, native to the southern foothills of the Himalayas in north western India, and widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. Different parts of this plant are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous system of medicine. The leaves are an excellent source of vitamins (especially Vitamin A, B and C), minerals (calcium, iron) and protein. The different parts of this plant are used for the cure of arthritis and joints disorders, malnutrition, blindness, diabetes, high blood pressure, anemia, urinary tract problems, kidney stones, to induce lactation in nursing women and related ailments. The various health and nutritional benefits acquired by the use of shigru have been reviewed and discussed in this article.
BACKGROUND
Moringa flowers are most excellent suited for both raw and lightly cooked application such as frying or simmer. Moringa flowers are a good quality foundation of vitamin A, a nutrient that can facilitate boost the immune system and guard overall vision health. Moringa oleifera contains vital nutrients such as minerals, vitamins and phytochemicals such as tannins and flavonoids.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
The present work aims to study the optimization and quality attributes retention in moringa flower through freeze dryer (FD) because the conventional drying process takes more time and energy which also affects the product quality and safety.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Different solvents, such as ethanol, chloroform, hexane, acetone and ethyl acetate, were used to determine the presence of phytochemicals (alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and saponins) in the moringa flower.
RESULTS
From Qualitative and quantitative screenings of moringa flower, the phytochemicals were highly present in methanol and ethanol extracts. Dried moringa flower powder was prepared by using fresh moringa flower, steam blanched for 2-5 min and then sulfated at 0.1% for 10 min. After that, the dehydration process was performed at different temperatures (45, 55 and 65°C) in an FD drier. FD dried moringa flower powder at 55°C was found maximum physicochemical properties and higher retention of phytochemical with special reference to β – carotene (55.41 mg), total antioxidant (460.18 mg), flavonoids (19.34 mg/RE), phenol (234.13 mg/GAE), vitamin C (485.09 mg).
CONCLUSION
According to the findings of this study, FD drying is one of the best drying techniques for preserving nutritional quality features while also being efficient and cost-effective for the entire food processing industry.
The aim of this review paper was to summarize some commonly available plants which have anti-inflammatory activity with their phytochemical constituents. The data were collected from Current Contents and Scientific Journals, which included in publications. In this paper, the plants have anti-inflammatory activity along with their phytochemical constituents and also mention the family, part used of the every plants. Herbal plants play a significant role in human health in relation to the prevention and treatment of inflammatory conditions. Herbal medicines are popular among the public and improvements in their formulation have resulted in a new generation of phytomedicines that are more potent than before. This paper highlights on the phytochemical constituents of anti-inflammatory activity of some herbal medicines used for treating inflammatory disorders and recent developments in various herbal species. The review gives a comprehensive overview of the phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory potential.
Moringa is a fast-growing deciduous tree that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is well known for its abundant uses. Moringa or ‘drumstick tree’ is a multipurpose plant that is considered a supreme source of phytonutrients. It has enormous medicinal (anticancer, antitumor antiulcer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, diuretic, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiepileptic, antispasmodic, hypocholesterolemic, and antihypertensive) and nutritional (proteins, vitamins, and minerals) properties. It contains a distinctive combination of bioactive compounds like kaempferol, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, phenolic acid, myricetin, caffeic acid, gallic acid, etc. Moringa oleifera is one of the well-known local plants as a food and health plant in Indonesia. Anticancer is one of the potential treatments found in Moringa oleifera seed, leaves, and pods extracts. This chapter focuses to discover natural bioactivity compound from Moringa for anticancer activity.
Moringa oleifera Lam. (Family Moringaceae) is well known in Indian system of medicine. Moringa oleifera (Lam.) has many common names ben oil, horseradish, and miracle tree. It is found wild and cultivated throughout the plains, and is near the sandy beds of rivers and streams. For the correct identification of similar looking species, there should be well documented characteristics of plant. The study of the fresh leaves and powdered study were carried out to determine the morphological, microscopical, some physicochemical and phytochemical parameters. The evaluation of preliminary phytochemical investigations was carried out which shows the aqueous and alcoholic extracts are rich in maximum number of phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins and carbohydrates. Physicochemical Parameters like foreign organic matter (2.5%), total
moisture content (8.9%) Ash values (Total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, sulphated ash) were evaluated which are found to be within standard limits.
Plants could be used for multiple medicinal purposes. Moringa oleifera (MO) is considered the most famous plant used for this purpose. The present review aimed to spot the light on the recent medicinal, biochemical, and nutritional applications of MO. The plant contains a huge number of nutrients such as fatty acids, amino acids, proteins, polysaccharides, minerals, and vitamins. It has been used to control glucose, lipids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, hormones, and antioxidants in many animals and human models. Its medicinal applications are also varied and wide; it could be used to control and manage lots of disorders. Extracts and isolated ingredients from the plant open the way for many researchers all over the world to study its biochemical and medicinal impact on many experimental and clinical models. The present review spots the light on the recent medicinal and biochemical significance of MO opening the discussion and demonstrating the strengths and weaknesses in the MO research area. Regardless of the contrary concept, we considered MO a promising plant that could be studied for its medicinal applications on both biochemical and molecular levels. We recommended further research on the molecular effects of MO in healthy and diseased models.
ABSTRACTMoringa oleifera is a very important plant for its medicinal value. Various parts ofthe plant such as the leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods actas cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess antitumour, antipyretic, antiepileptic,antinflammatory, antiulcer. Other important medicinal properties of the plantinclude antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant,antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal activities. M. oleiferaparts are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenoussystem of medicine. In addition, M. oleifera seeds possess water purifying powersby flocculating Gram – positive and Gram – negative bacterial cells. M. oleiferaseeds can also be used as a less expensive bioabsorbent for the removal of heavymetals. The chloroform and ethanol extracts of seeds and leaf of M. oleifera wereinvestigated for antimicrobial activity against some selected food – bornemicroorganisms as a first step in the screening of the extracts for preliminarysanitizing/preservative properties on foods. The results of the phytochemicalanalysis revealed differences in the presence of the phytochemicals among theextracts. Saponins were detected in all the extracts while tannins were onlydetected in M. oleifera leaf chloroform extract. The MIC values ranged between2.0 and >4.0mg/ml for all the organisms. M. oleifera seed chloroform extract wasonly active against E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The MIC values rangedbetween 1.0 and >4.0mg/ml for the tested organisms respectively. Antifungalactivity result revealed 100% inhibition in growth of Mucor and Rhizopus speciesby M. oleifera seed chloroform extract at concentration of 1mg/ml.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Seed, Leaf, Antimicrobial, Phytochemistry, Sanitizer,Food
Asthma is one of the chronic respiratory disorder whose incidence and intensity is rising day by day. Globally, this devastating disease affects almost 300 million people. Since ancient times, various plants had already been identified as traditionally and utilized by medical practices for managing asthma in many countries. This goal of the article is to investigate and consolidate information on the ethnomedical applications, phytochemistry, and preparation techniques of frequently used medicinal herbs to treat asthma. With soaring efficiency, the search for new, high-value molecules continue, and there are still many medications with side effects that need to be identified. Phenolics, sterols, and terpenoids, which are a key class of phytoconstituents against asthma are only a few examples of the active compounds against asthma that may be found in medicinal plants. It is advised that further research is required to identify adverse effects, effectiveness, and safety, as well as other factors of anti-asthmatic herbs and standardize herbal treatments.
Plants and plant-based products are considered as natural source of bioactives, which are essential elements in advancement of phytomedicines. Dietary factors, on the other hand, are thought to combat various human ailments and are also believed to promote and boost human health. Recently, a highly nutritional and beneficial phytomedicinal food plant has acquired popularity due to its numerous health benefits with no toxicity. Moringa oleifera L. (Drumstick tree) is known to have unique phytocompounds, minerals, vitamins, glucosinolates, protein, and iron. It is attributed with anticancer, antitumor, anti-diabetic, diuretic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and circulatory stimulant activity. The synergistic effect of multiple secondary metabolites results in functional and phytomedicinal property of a plant when compared to synthetic compounds with major side effects. Hence, the present book chapter deals with phytomedicinal, functional, nutraceutical, and cosmo-nutraceutical property of Moringa oleifera with a view to enhance the use of Moringa in developed and emerging nations in combating malnutrition and protein deficiency to harmonize cultural and modern medicine system with minimal side effects.Keywords
Moringa
PhytomedicineNutraceuticalsCosmoceuticals
Ayurveda seeks to promote total health. Ayurveda prioritises maintaining health before treating diseases by reducing their symptoms. Additionally, it has been described as the science of age protection (ayu.). Diet, sleep, and brahmacharya(abstinence) are the three sub-pillars of health . Aahar, in our opinion, is crucial for maintaining both a healthy body and mind. Shigru (Moringa oleifera) is an anti-oxidant herb. It guards against numerousinfections and shields the body from free radicals.Shigruis a plant with a wide variety of therapeutic applications and great nutritional value. At various locations, the various portions of this plant are used as food. It is used to treat conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, malnutrition, arthritis, and joint diseases. This article has reviewed and explained the different health advantages of using shigruas well as how to use it asAahar
Shigru (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is a medicinally important plant and is used for the treatment of different diseases. In Ayurveda Samhita, Shigru is mentioned nearly by all Aachrayas for nutritional as well as medicinal purpose. Different parts of the plants like bark leaves, seeds, flowers, roots, and immature pods contains abundance of important phyto-constituents like terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroidal aglycones and reducing sugars. Various preperations of Moringa oleifera are used for their anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertentisive , diuretic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-neoplastic, antipyretics, anti-ulcer, cardio-protectant and Hepato-protectant activities. The present study aims to collect nearly all available information about Ayurvedic aspect Phyto-chemical constituents, medicinal uses as well as pharmacological properties.
Through ethnobotanical surveys in Guatemala, about 250 plants were identified for use in the treatment of urinary ailments. From 67 of these, aqueous extracts were prepared to investigate their oral diuretic activity in albino rats after a dose equivalent to 1 g/kg of dried plant material. The trials demonstrated that in 33 cases urinary excretion was not significantly increased (less than 90%), in 20 cases intermediate activity was seen (90-189%) and in 14 cases high diuretic activity was noted (greater than 189%). Control treatment increased urine output an average of 36% while 25 mg/kg hydrochlorothiazide treatment increased urine output by 286%. In a select group of the most used local plants, ethanol extracts were tested for their effect on urinary excretion of uric acid and electrolytes. Of these, three plants significantly increased uric acid excretion as did the reference drug, probenecid, 25 mg/kg.
4(α-L-Rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate was identified as an active antimicrobial agent form seeds of Moringa oleifera and M. stenopetala. Roots of M. oleifera only contain this compound and benzyl isothiocyanate, but not pterygospermin as previously suggested. Defatted and shell free seeds of both species contain about 8-10% of 4(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate, but this amount is produced from M. oleifera only when asorbic acid is added during water extraction. The compound acts on several bacteria and fungi. The minimal bactericidal concentration in vitro is 40 µmol/l for Mycobacterium phlei and 56 µmol/l for Bacillus subtilis.
The antimicrobial activities of Moringa oleifera leaves, roots, bark and seeds were investigated in vitro against bacteria, yeast, dermatophytes and helminths pathogenic to man. By a disk-diffusion method, it was demonstrated that the fresh leaf juice and aqueous extracts from the seeds inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and that extraction temperatures above 56 degrees C inhibited this activity. No activity was demonstrated against four other pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans. By a dilution method, no activity was demonstrated against six pathogenic dermatophytes. A method was standardized for studying the effect of aqueous extracts on Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, but no activity was exhibited by any part of the tree in contrast to Chenopodium ambrosioides leaf extracts.
An aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera roots was investigated for its estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, progestational and antiprogestational activities. Oral administration of extract progressively increased the uterine wet weight of bilaterally ovariectomized rats. This estrogenic activity was supported by stimulation of uterine histo-architecture. When the extract was given conjointly with estradiol dipropionate (EDP), there was a successive reduction in the uterine wet weight when compared to the gain with EDP alone and uterine histological structures were also inhibited. In the deciduoma test, the highest dose of 600 mg/kg interfered with the formation of deciduoma in 50% of the rats, showing some antiprogestational activity. Doses up to 600 mg/kg of the extract orally failed to induce a decidual response in the traumatized uterus of ovariectomized rats. The antifertility effect of the extract appears to be due to multiple attributes.
The herbal folk medicine in North India is commonly made available through the herbalists, elderly persons, sadhus (hermits), ojhas (village physicians practising witchcraft) and the traditional street vendors whether in the alpine region near the snows or in the arid region near the deserts. The Northern part of India constitutes four main broad regions: the Montane region; the sub-Montane region; the Northern plains; and the arid region. The very important herbal folk medicines which have been in vogue from ancient times in these regions, are discussed.
From a survey of anti-arthritic remedies used in Igbo tribal ethnomedicine, three plants--Lonchocarpus cyanescens, Costus afar and Terminalia ivorensis--were selected for closer study. Twenty-five volunteers were monitored while receiving treatment from two reputable herbalists, and the result of the clinical investigation prompted the pharmacological and phytochemical studies on the herbs. Differential solvent extracts of the herbs reduced carragenin-induced oedema of the rat paw, checked diarrhoea due to arachidonic acid and castor oil, and ameliorated all signs associated with adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in rats. The constituent-activity relationship of the drugs and their probable mode of action are briefly discussed.
An alcoholic extract of Cucumis trigonus was studied for its diuretic activity in albino rats using hydrochlorothiazide as a standard drug for comparison. The extract exhibited a dose-dependent saliuretic effect reaching a peak at 4 hours. Unlike hydrochlorothiazide, the extract does not affect potassium excretion.
A method is presented for measuring the edema induced by injection of 0.05 ml of 1% solution of carrageenin, an extract of Chondrus, into the plantar tissues of the hind paw of the rat. Peak edema develops within the first 3 to 4 hours, and is inhibited by pretreatment of the animals by single oral doses of antiinflammatory agents, steroid or non-steroid. Log dose responses to drugs are linear and parallel, and yield potency ratios with relatively narrow confidence limits. The potency ratios obtained for aspirin, phenylbutazone and hydrocortisone are fairly close to the ratios of their respective daily doses in the treatment of rheumatic disease. A potent antihistaminic-antiserotonin compound, cyproheptadine, is without effect on carrageenin-induced edema.
A note on screening of Moringa prerygosperma as an antirheumatic agent
- S D Singh
- P N Srivastava
- R K Mehia
- A Ahmad
Singh, S.D., Srivastava, P.N., Mehia, R.K. and Ahmad, A.
(1976) A note on screening of Moringa prerygosperma as an
antirheumatic agent. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 46,
452-454.
Un remede populaire sénégalais: Le “nebreday” (Moringa oleifera Lam.)
- Kerharo
Kerharo, J. (1969) Un remede populaire senegalais: Le "nebreday" (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Plantes medicinales et
phytotherapie 3, 214-219.
Flowering Plums ofJamaica
- Cd Adams
- J I Aguilar-Giron
Adams, CD. (1972) Flowering Plums ofJamaica. University of the West Indies, Mona, p. 310. Aguilar-Giron, J.I. (1966) Relacibn de Unos Aspecfos de la Flora Ufil de Guatemala. Tipografia National, Guatemala, pp. 240-241.
Pharmacological study of Moringa pterygosperma
- Siddiqui
Siddiqui, S. and Khan, M.I. (1968) Pharmacological study of
Moringa pterygosperma. Pakistan Journal of Scienrific and
Industrial Research I 1, 268-272.
Relacibn de Unos Aspecfos de la Flora Ufil de Guatemala
- J I Aguilar-Giron
Aguilar-Giron, J.I. (1966) Relacibn de Unos Aspecfos de la
Flora Ufil de Guatemala. Tipografia National, Guatemala,
pp. 240-241.
Medicinal Plants of India and
- J F Dastur
Dastur, J.F. (1977) Medicinal Plants of India and Pakistan. D.B.
Taraporevala, Dehli, pp. 113-144.
Flowering Plums ofJamaica
- C D Adams
Adams, CD. (1972) Flowering Plums ofJamaica. University of
the West Indies, Mona, p. 310.
- A Cgceres
- O Aviles
- V Freire
- L M Giron
- J G Pacheco
Cgceres, A., Aviles, O., Freire, V., Giron, L.M. and Pacheco,
J.G.
(1991b)
Moringa
oleifera
(Moringaceae):
Antifertility profile of the aqueous extract of Moringa o/e&a roots
- S Skukla
- R Mathus
- A O Prakash
Skukla, S., Mathus, R. and Prakash, A.O. (1988) Antifertility
profile of the aqueous extract of Moringa o/e&a roots.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 22, 5 l-62.
Flowering Plants of Jamaica
- Actams
Relatión de Unos Aspectos de la Flora Util de Guatemala
- Aguilar-Girón
Medicinal Plants of India and Pakistan
- Dastur
Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae): Ethnobotanical Studies in Guatemala
- Cáceres
A note on screening of Moringa pterygosperma as an antirheumatic agent
- Singh