Influences of biocomponents (RME) on emissions of a diesel engine with SCR

Abstract

SCR (selective catalytic reduction) is regarded as the most efficient deNOx-system. In combination with a Diesel particle filter (DPF) it represents a very important step towards zero emission Diesel fleet. The present paper informs about the results obtained with SCR and with blend fuels containing different share of RME (B 7, B20, B3 0 and B100). The investigations were performed according to the procedures of the international network project VERTdePN. Also a combined system (DPF+SCR) was included in the investigations. Beside the legally limited exhaust emission components some non-legislated like NO2, N2O, NH3 and nanoparticles were measured at stationary and dynamic engine operation. The most important findings are: the increased share of RME w/o aftertreatment causes an increase of NOx by higher engine load and reduction of CO and HC; at transient operation (ETC) these tendencies are less pronounced and only B100 shows an increase of NOx, with SCR alone there are no differences of NOx and of NOx reduction rate (KNOX) with increasing RME portion; there is lowering of CO and HC, with DPF+SCR KNOX-values are slightly higher, than with SCR alone, due to the production of NO2 in the catalytic DPF (upstream of SCR), there is excellent count filtration efficiency of DPF, up to 99.9%; with SCR alone there is usually a small reduction of nanoparticles concentrations (in the range of 10–20%, similar like an usual oxidation catalyst). In general it can be said, that some relationships of results, which are remarked at stationary operation can disappear or even be inverted at transient operation. This is to explain with the running chemical reactions in the aftertreatment system, which meet quite different changing conditions (p, T and composition) during the transients.

Full text

198
NAFTA-GAZ marzec2011 ROKLXVII
Jan Czerwiński
University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland
Zbigniew
Stępień, Stanisław
Oleksiak
Oil and Gas Institute, Cracow, Poland
Andersen Otto
Western Norway Research Institute, Norway
Inuences of biocomponents (RME) on emissions
of a Diesel engine with SCR

































 


 


 


















































Introduction

artykuły
199
nr 3/2011
Test engine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 








Tested engine, fuels, lubricant




 


  




  
 

 


 

 
 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  


  


  


ρ














   
   
   
   
   



Fuels








Measuring set-up and instrumentation
Engine dynamometer and standard test equipment







 
 











NAFTA-GAZ
200
nr 3/2011







 













Particle size analysis








 









 
 









Test procedures

















 

 
 

 


artykuły
201
nr 3/2011



Tested systems SCR and (DPF + SCR)














 ×
 ×
 ×
 ×


×





 






    


















 






NAFTA-GAZ
202
nr 3/2011




Variations of fuel







t
exh




Results

















t
exh




t
exh































α
126
126
105
82
61
138
116
120
102
78
58
112
110
111
95
75
50
85
114
111
90
72
48
75
140
112
82
66
46
49
0
50
100
150
200
CO [ppm]
CO
26
23
19
18
16
10
26
22
18
16
16
9
24
20
17
16
13
11
26
21
18
18
15
12
18
14
11
11
7
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
HC FID [ppm]
B0 B7 B20 B30 B100
HC
161
202
295
429
609
663
166
206
294
425
618
687
165
208
299
438
608
633
164
212
323
459
639
712
139
216
341
433
637
690
0
200
400
600
800
1000
OP 3c OP 3b OP 3a OP 3 OP 2 OP 1
NOx 2CLD [ppm]
NOx
85
65
72
0
50
100
150
200
CO
[ppm]
B0
246
272
271
0
100
200
300
400
NOx 2CLD
[ppm]
17
12
6
0
5
10
15
20
HC FID
[ppm]
23
21
19
0
10
20
30
40
NO2 FTIR
[ppm]
B30
B100
0
17
15
0
5
20
24
0
0
0
25
31
0
10
20
30
40
NO2 (2CLD) [ppm]
NO2
0.0
0.0
7.5
3.1
2.5
10.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
8.3
2.0
9.0
1.4
2.1
0.2
1.6
6.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
OP3c OP3b OP3a OP3 OP2 OP1
NH3 (FTIR) [ppm]
NH3
3.5
2.3
0.8
0.7
0.4
1.0
3.6
2.7
1.2
0.7
0.4
0.6
4.3
2.0
1.4
1.0
0.7
0.7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
N2O (FTIR) [ppm]
B0 B30 B100
N2O

artykuły
203
nr 3/2011

















Dt~

















t
exh












Different exhaust aftertreatment systems





 
 








α
0
100
200
300
NOx [ppm]
tailpipe NOx
B0
B30
B100
0
10
20
30
40
50
NO2 [ppm]
tailpipe NO2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
N2O [ppm]
tailpipe N2O
0
5
10
15
20
NH3 [ppm]
tailpipe NH3
B0
B100
B30
0
20
40
60
80
100
150 200 250 300 350 400 450
conversion NOx [-]
exhaust temperature (t8) [°C]
KNOx (UDS)
2200 rpm

α

0
1
2
3
4
5
N2O [ppm]
tailpipe N2O
0
200
400
600
800
NOx [ppm]
tailpipe NOx
B100
B0
B30
0
1
2
3
4
5
NO2 [ppm]
tailpipe NO2
0
5
10
15
20
NH3 [ppm]
tailpipe NH3
B0
B30
B100
0
20
40
60
80
100
150 200 250 300 350 400 450
conversion NOx [-]
exhaust temperature (t8) [°C]
KNOx (UDS)
2200 rpm
3
3
1
0
5
10
15
HC FID
[ppm]
1
0
0
8
0
8
1
0
50
100
150
200
CO
[ppm]
B0
6
9
7
3
7
2
0
100
200
300
NOx 2CLD
[ppm]
0 1
1
0
10
20
30
NO2 FTIR
[ppm]
B0
B30
B100
B30
B100
1
3
.
2
1
3
.
0
1
2
.
2
0
10
20
30
NH3 FTIR
[ppm]

NAFTA-GAZ
204
nr 3/2011






K
NOx

Dt~

K
NOx






K
NOx





K
NOx



























K
x




















 

α



α








α
0
20
40
60
80
100
150 200 250 300 350 400 450
conversion NOx [-]
exhaust temperature (t8, t9) [°C]
KNOx (UDS)
t8… DPF+SCR
SCR
t9... REF
2200 rpm
0
200
400
600
800
NOx [ppm]
tailpipe
NOx
REF
DPF+SCR
SCR
FTIR - Diesel
0
20
40
NO2 [ppm]
tailpipe NO2
0
1
2
3
4
5
N2O [ppm]
tailpipe N2O
0
5
10
15
NH3 [ppm]
tailpipe NH3
DPF+SCR
REF
SCR
1
63
81
81
76
0
76
84
84
80
0
20
40
60
80
100
KNOx [%]
DPF & SCR
SCR
B0
1
67
80
78
76
0
73
81
83
78
0
20
40
60
80
100
KNOx [%]
B30
3
69
80
79
77
6
77
81
79
76
0
20
40
60
80
100
OP 3c OP 3b OP 3 OP 2 OP 1
KNOx [%]
B100
286
78
43
286
82
39
311
83
62
0
100
200
300
400
500
NOx [ppm]
B0
B30
B100
23
0
3
23
1
2
19
1
2
0
10
20
30
NO2 [ppm]
13
5
13
5
8
6
0
5
10
15
20
REF SCR DPF+SCR
NH3 [ppm]
zero

artykuły
205
nr 3/2011





t
exh

 










(Nano) Particles Emissions
































α
72.7
85.0
100
87.0
71.3
86.4
95.7
91.3
73.3
80.1
94.7
89.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
SCR DPF+SCR SCR DPF+SCR
B0
B30
B100
RE NOx [%] RE NO2 [%]

α
0.0E+0
1.5E+7
3.0E+7
4.5E+7
6.0E+7
concentration
dW/dlogDp [cm-3]
B0 REF
B30 REF
B100 REF
REF
0.0E+0
1.5E+7
3.0E+7
4.5E+7
6.0E+7
concentration
dW/dlogDp [cm-3]
B0 SCR
B30 SCR
B100 SCR
with SCR
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10 100 1000
penetration
diameter [nm]
B0 B30
B100
penetration




 
    
     
     


 
    
     
     



   
    
    


NAFTA-GAZ
206
nr 3/2011












[]


































 










K
NOx










K
NOx
K
NO

























Conclusions

Dt~

 K
NOx








 



























 



artykuły
207
nr 3/2011








 


















Recenzent: prof. dr Michał Krasodomski
Literature
 
Testing of Combined DPF+SCR
Systems for HD-retrotting VERTdePN

 The Inuence of
Ammonia Slip Catalysts on Ammonia, N
2
O and NO
x
Emis-
sions for Diesel Engines
 Retrot SCRT
®
– A retrot system for the
simultaneous reduction of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon,
soot particulate and oxides of nitrogen emissions from com-
mercial vehicles, 4

 The Study
of NO
x
and PM Reduction Using Urea Selective Catalytic
Reduction System for Heavy Duty Diesel Engine

 

Is Closed-Loop SCR Control Required to Meet Future Emis-
sion Targets?
Abbreviations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
































NAFTA-GAZ
208
nr 3/2011
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
K
x

 


 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

α 
