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The female sexual response revisited: Understanding the multiorgasmic experience in women
Archives of Sexual Behavior
Abstract
Although it has been almost 20 years since recorded evidence of multiple orgasms among women emerged, there have been few recent investigations of this phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to understand further the female multiorgasmic experience in relationship to the method of stimulatory activity, namely, masturbation, petting, and sexual intercourse. In addition, single-orgasmic and multiorgasmic women were compared by examination of various sexual and orgasmic behaviors, the role of sex partners, and perceptions of physiological and psychological sexual satisfaction. An anonymous 122-item questionnaire was utilized to obtain the responses of 805 college-educated female nurses, chosen for their perceived ability to verbalize data regarding the anatomical structures and physiological processes associated with sexual responsiveness. The findings indicated that 42.7% of the respondents had experienced multiple orgasms and that several significant differences existed between single-orgasmic and multiorgasmic women.
... Moreover, there is little consensus on what actually constitutes a multiorgasmic episode. Ever since Kinsey et al.'s (1953) survey reported that 14% of women experienced multiple orgasm through intercourse, and Masters and Johnson's (1966) psychophysiological work confirmed the physiological possibility of multiple orgasm, scientific investigations specifically dedicated to female multiple orgasm have been rather scarce (Amberson & Hoon, 1985;Bohlen et al., 1982;Darling et al., 1991;Shtarkshall et al., 2008). As a result, we still have no clear understanding of the distinct characteristics of multiple orgasm and whether it is a unitary phenomenon. ...
... Accordingly, empirical research on female multiple orgasm has been marked by methodological variations based on differing definitions (Amberson & Hoon, 1985;Darling et al., 1991). These definitions varied according to the timing parameters of the orgasm sequence and the presence or absence of continuous stimulation. ...
... This may have contributed to the variations in reported prevalence rates. While nearly 50% of Darling's et al. (1991) sample were identified as multiorgasmic based on the number of orgasms reported during a single sexual episode, Clifford's (1978) sample yielded a prevalence rate of 30%, with multiple orgasm being defined as "more than one orgasm in [an interval of only a few seconds up to several minutes]" (p. 189). ...
Women’s multiorgasmic capacity has long been mentioned in the human sexuality literature. However, due in part to the conceptual vagueness surrounding this phenomenon, few empirical studies have focused on this topic, and our scientific knowledge is currently limited. This exploratory research is mainly aimed at providing a much-needed assessment of the profiles of women reporting multiorgasmic experiences. For this study, 419 sexually diverse women ages 18 through 69 who identified as multiorgasmic completed an online survey assessing variables pertaining to sociodemographic background, context and characteristics of a recent/typical multiorgasmic experience, relationships between multiple orgasm and sexual/nonsexual aspects of life, and sexual and orgasmic history. Data reduction analyses using principal component analysis pointed out that 15 variables of interest were distributed across six components, accounting for a large proportion of the sample’s variance. A k-means cluster analysis further revealed that four distinct groups of women could be parsed out. These four groups could be differentiated by three sets of variables—sexual motivation, sexual history, and multiple orgasm characteristics—suggesting that female multiple orgasm is not a unitary phenomenon. This research provides to date the most comprehensive picture of female multiple orgasm and helps refine our conceptual understanding.
... They found that among the women in their sample, less than 2% were capable of experiencing four or more orgasms (Kinsey et al., 1953). Other, more recent studies estimated somewhat higher proportions of women to have a multi-orgasmic capacity reaching to almost 50% among a group of college educated nurses (Darling, Davidson, & Jennings, 1991). It is hard to know whether the differences in proportions across studies is a result of differing study samples or temporal differences in the periods in which the data were collected. ...
... The differences are probably a result of both factors. The few self-reports from women in the literature suggest that the multi-orgasmic phenomenon is largely individual and highly varied (Darling et al., 1991). In general, multi-orgasms tended to be limited to less than 20 in one sexual episode of masturbation or intercourse, however Campbell, Hartman, Fithian and Campbell (1975) and Grosskopf (1983) described a woman who had 134 orgasms in one sexual event but they did not provide further detail on this case. ...
... The world of fantasy has been always present for her both in with-partner sex and masturbation. Darling et al. (1991) commented that multiple orgasm was associated with greater use of fantasy and related this to the relative ease of multiple orgasm in masturbation. A recurring fantasy, the wish to be viewed in the act of sex, appeared in other aspects of her life, representing the desire to display both her body and inner-self. ...
This study is a qualitative study of one woman's capacity to reach more than one hundred orgasms during one sexual ''session''. The study is based on her written account of her capacity and interviews. This paper focuses on her current orgasmic capacity, the factors affecting it, and ''Anonymous''' (AN's) experiences and emotional responses related to it. Although for AN her sexual capacity was, and still is, highly important and consuming, it was pleasuring and under control. As a highly sexual woman, she experienced the tension of acting out her sexual desires and straying from societal convention. Consequently, fantasy was one of the ways that her needs were met. It is apparent both from the available literature and from this study that a woman's capability to have multiple orgasms is dependent on a combination of developmental, psychological and psychosocial conditions. It is not known if there are unique physiological and biochemical enabling mechanisms. ''Anonymous'' has consented to have laboratory tests and brain imaging performed and currently efforts are being made to carry these out.
... They found that among the women in their sample, less than 2% were capable of experiencing four or more orgasms (Kinsey et al., 1953). Other, more recent studies estimated somewhat higher proportions of women to have a multi-orgasmic capacity reaching to almost 50% among a group of college educated nurses (Darling, Davidson, & Jennings, 1991). It is hard to know whether the differences in proportions across studies is a result of differing study samples or temporal differences in the periods in which the data were collected. ...
... The differences are probably a result of both factors. The few self-reports from women in the literature suggest that the multi-orgasmic phenomenon is largely individual and highly varied (Darling et al., 1991). In general, multi-orgasms tended to be limited to less than 20 in one sexual episode of masturbation or intercourse, however Campbell, Hartman, Fithian and Campbell (1975) and Grosskopf (1983) described a woman who had 134 orgasms in one sexual event but they did not provide further detail on this case. ...
... The world of fantasy has been always present for her both in with-partner sex and masturbation. Darling et al. (1991) commented that multiple orgasm was associated with greater use of fantasy and related this to the relative ease of multiple orgasm in masturbation. A recurring fantasy, the wish to be viewed in the act of sex, appeared in other aspects of her life, representing the desire to display both her body and inner-self. ...
This study is a qualitative study of one woman's capacity to reach more than one hundred orgasms during one sexual “session”. The study is based on her written account of her capacity and interviews. This paper focuses on her current orgasmic capacity, the factors affecting it, and “Anonymous” (AN's) experiences and emotional responses related to it. Although for AN her sexual capacity was, and still is, highly important and consuming, it was pleasuring and under control. As a highly sexual woman, she experienced the tension of acting out her sexual desires and straying from societal convention. Consequently, fantasy was one of the ways that her needs were met. It is apparent both from the available literature and from this study that a woman's capability to have multiple orgasms is dependent on a combination of developmental, psychological and psychosocial conditions. It is not known if there are unique physiological and biochemical enabling mechanisms. “Anonymous” has consented to have laboratory tests and brain imaging performed and currently efforts are being made to carry these out.
... Women report multiple orgasms despite the lack of a precise and consistent definition (Darling et al., 1991). Ellis (1936) proposed multi-orgasms as common among women. ...
... Multiple orgasms have similar definitional confusion (Darling et al., 1991). Ellis (1936) found multi-orgasms common, while Kinsey et al. (1953) found the condition confined to a limited number of women. ...
Introduction
Up to 41% of women experience female orgasm disorder/difficulty (FOD), a statistic unchanged for 50 years. Despite this, there is a paucity of validated treatments. Research has suggested cannabis as a treatment for female sexual disorders for more than 50 years. Yet a literature review revealed no studies evaluating cannabis as a treatment specifically for FOD and no studies comparing women with and without FOD. This study is the first to evaluate cannabis as a treatment for FOD specifically in women with and without FOD.
Objective
Evaluate the effect of cannabis use before partnered sex on women with and without FOD.
Methods
This IRB-approved observational study conducted between March 24, 2022, and November 18, 2022, evaluated baseline demographics, sexual behavior, mental health, cannabis use, and the orgasm subscale questions of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), evaluating orgasm frequency, orgasm satisfaction, and orgasm ease, with and without cannabis before partnered sex.
Results
Of 1,037 survey responses, the researchers received 410 valid, completed surveys; failure to meet the study’s criteria required excluding 23 (5.6%) surveys. Among the 387 valid survey participants, the majority of women, 52% (n = 202) reported orgasm difficulty, were between the ages of 25–34 (45%, n = 91), reported their race as white (75%, n = 152), and were married or in a relationship (82%, n = 165). Among respondents reporting orgasm difficulty (n = 202), cannabis use before partnered sex increased orgasm frequency (72.8%, n = 147/202, p < .001), improved orgasm satisfaction (67%, n = 136/202, p < .001) or made orgasm easier (71%, n = 143/202, p < .001). Frequency of cannabis use before partnered sex correlated with increased orgasm frequency for women with FOD (n = 202, p< .001). Orgasm response to cannabis depended on the reasons for use (n = 202, p = .022). Women with FOD reported 24% more mental health issues, 52.6% more PTSD, 29% more depressive disorders, 13% more anxiety disorders, and 22% more prescription drug use than women without FOD. Women with FOD were more likely to report sexual abuse history than women without FOD (38.6%, n=74/202).
Conclusions
Fifty years of sexuality research support use of cannabis for sexual difficulties. This is the first study to look at FOD specifically, demonstrating significant benefit. Randomized controlled studies are needed to evaluate cannabis’ efficacy on FOD sub-types, mental health and physical health conditions and other clinical implications; evaluating dosage, strain, timing, and method of intake. References Laumann et al., 2005 Kontula & Miettinen, 2016 Keiman & Meston, 1997 Dawley et al., 1979 Gorzalka et al., 2010 Klein et al., 2012 Lewis, 1970 Moser et al., 2023.
Disclosure
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: inhaleMD.
... Women report multiple orgasms despite the lack of a precise and consistent definition (Darling et al., 1991). Ellis (1936) proposed multi-orgasms as common among women. ...
... Multiple orgasms have similar definitional confusion (Darling et al., 1991). Ellis (1936) found multi-orgasms common, while Kinsey et al. (1953) found the condition confined to a limited number of women. ...
This mixed-methods observational study, conducted between March 24, 2022, and February 28, 2023, is the first to evaluate cannabis use and female orgasmic disorder (FOD). Up to 41% of women experience FOD, a statistic unchanged for 50 years. A paucity of validated treatments exists. Researchers have suggested cannabis as a treatment for FOD for decades. This study’s statistically significant results align with and expand upon 50 years of cannabis research, revealing that cannabis helps women orgasm and increases orgasm frequency, satisfaction, and ease for women with and without FOD.
A survey collected data on demographics, sexual behavior, mental health, cannabis use, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) orgasm subscale questions with and without cannabis before partnered sex. The interviews evaluated cannabis-assisted orgasm, dosage, preferred strains, and timing of cannabis use before partnered sex.
Of the 1,037 survey responses, 387 were suitable for analysis. Among respondents reporting orgasm difficulty, 45% were between the ages of 25-34, 75% reported their race as white, and 82% were married or in a relationship. Cannabis use before partnered sex increased orgasm frequency (72%), improved orgasm satisfaction (67%), or made orgasm easier (71%). Frequency of cannabis use before partnered sex correlated with increased orgasm frequency. The reasons for cannabis use by women with FOD before partnered sex that created the most positive orgasm response was to manage pain or enhance sexual pleasure.
Not all women found cannabis helpful in orgasm. Moreover, the study’s findings may not be generalizable to women who rarely or do not use cannabis before sex or who have never experienced an orgasm. The researcher did not assess the cultivar of cannabis for effectiveness, nor were study participants asked about their cannabis chemotype of choice or the amount of cannabis used.
The study suggests that treatment for women with orgasm difficulty should incorporate cannabis and that U.S. states and countries with medical marijuana programs should make it a condition for use. At the same time, the researcher emphasizes the need for prioritizing further randomized controlled studies to assess cannabis dosage, timing, and other clinical implications for women experiencing orgasm difficulty.
... Women report multiple orgasms despite the lack of a precise and consistent definition (Darling et al., 1991). Ellis (1936) proposed multi-orgasms as common among women. ...
... Multiple orgasms have similar definitional confusion (Darling et al., 1991). Ellis (1936) found multi-orgasms common, while Kinsey et al. (1953) found the condition confined to a limited number of women. ...
Introduction
Cannabis helps women orgasm who have difficulty orgasming and enhances the frequency and quality of women's orgasm. Studies have not yet shown if cannabis helps women orgasm who have female orgasmic disorder (FOD). Up to 41% of women worldwide suffer from FOD and the percentage of women suffering from FOD has not changed in 50 years.
Objective
The objective of this literature review is to present theories that support a hypothesis that cannabis may help women who have lifelong, acquired, or situational FOD. There is only one empirically validated treatment for lifelong FOD and no empirically validated treatments for acquired or situational FOD.
Method
Literature Review
Results
The dishabituation theory presents that Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), causes a dishabituating effect. Information processing of higher brain structures under the influence of THC reduces the routine represented by habits. Multiple studies have established the habits of cognitive distraction during sexual activity may distract a woman from her sensations and ability to orgasm. The theoretical rationale for the dishabituation theory proposes that THC could dishabituate the habit of being cognitively distracted and may explain why women who had never experienced an orgasm discovered they could orgasm when using cannabis before sex and why women who reported difficulty experiencing orgasm said it was easier to experience orgasm while using cannabis before sex. Neuroplasticity theory is a broad theory to describe how the human brain grows, changes, and rewires. Cannabis and endocannabinoids, the cannabinoids created by the human body, are increasingly recognized for their roles in neural development processes, including brain cell growth and neuroplasticity. The theoretical rationale for the neuroplasticity theory is that this theory may explain why some women learn to orgasm while using cannabis before sex and, once they learned to orgasm, found that they no longer required cannabis. The multi-modal treatment theory proposes that cannabis can treat multiple symptoms and conditions simultaneously. Multi-modal treatment is a broad area of study that involves combining two or more modalities targeting different aspects of a disease. The theoretical rationale for the multi-modal treatment theory is that this theory may explain why women who use cannabis for any reason may decrease their FOD. One researcher found that cannabis use decreased sexual dysfunction by up to 21% and that the reason women used cannabis had little to do with sexual functioning. The amygdala reduction theory proposes that cannabis can reduce the activity in the amygdala, a part of the brain associated with fear responses to threats. Hypervigilance, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are responses of the amygdala and commonly impair sexual response. The theoretical rationale for the amygdala reduction theory is that reduced amygdala activity can positively affect FOD. A reduction in anxiety associated with a sexual encounter could improve experiences and lead to improved orgasm and satisfaction.
Conclusion
Theories and anecdotal evidence from the existing body of cannabis, sex and women's orgasm research support that cannabis may be a treatment for FOD. Research needs to be conducted to evaluate cannabis as a treatment for FOD.
Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no. A consultant, employee (part time or full time) or shareholder is among the authors (Dr. Tishler is President and COO of inhaleMD, Inc. he is one of my dissertation advisors).
... There are many reports of women experiencing multiple orgasms in the course of a single sexual encounter (see Darling et al., 1991). Estimates of the proportion of multiorgasmic women range from 42.7% in the Darling et al.'s (1991) study to 14% in Kinsey et al.'s (1953) classical study. ...
... Estimates of the proportion of multiorgasmic women range from 42.7% in the Darling et al.'s (1991) study to 14% in Kinsey et al.'s (1953) classical study. The interval between successive orgasms varies between a few seconds and a few minutes, and the number of sequential orgasms varies between 2 and 20 (Kinsey et al., 1953;Darling et al., 1991). The duration of a sexual encounter, from vaginal penetration until the last orgasm, is not known. ...
Sexual behavior is activated by motivation. An overwhelming majority of experimental studies of the intricacies of sexual motivation has been performed in rodents, most of them in rats. Sometimes it is desirable to generalize results obtained in this species to other species, particularly the human. It is hoped that studies of the neurobiology of rodent sexual behavior may shed light on the central nervous mechanisms operating in the human, and the search for efficient pharmacological treatments of human sexual dysfunctions relies partly on studies performed in rodents. Then the issue of generalizability of the rodent data to the human becomes crucial. We emphasize the importance of distinguishing between copulatory acts, behavior involving the genitals, and the preceding event, the establishment of physical contact with a potential mate. Comparisons between the structure of copulatory behavior in rats and humans show abysmal differences, but there may be some similarity in the underlying mechanisms. The endocrine control of sex behavior is shortly mentioned, and we also compare the effects of the few drugs known to affect both rodent and human copulatory behavior. The stimuli activating sexual motivation, often called desire in the human literature, are examined, and the sexual approach behaviors in rats and humans are compared. There is a striking similarity between these species in how these behaviors respond to drugs. It is then shown that the intensity of sexual approach is unrelated to the intensity of copulatory behavior. Even though the approach is a requisite for copulation, an activity that requires at least two individuals in close physical contact, these two aspects of sexuality do not covary. This is similar to the role of the testosterone in men and male rats: although the hormone is needed for sex behavior, there is no correlation between serum testosterone concentration and the intensity of copulation. It is also pointed out that human sexual behavior is mostly determined by social conventions, whereas this is not the case in rats and other rodents. It is concluded that some observations in rats can be generalized to the human, but extreme caution must be exercised.
... La mayoría de los estudios de satisfacción sexual fueron realizados durante la década de los 90 (Darling, Davidson, & Jennings, 1991;Lawrance & Byers, 1995;Orbuch & Harvey, 1991;Peplau, Cochran, & Mays, 1997;Renaud, Byers, & Pan, 1997;Young, Denny, Luquis, & Young, 1998). A pesar de que el interés en este campo fue aumentando durante las pasadas dos décadas y estudios más recientes han destacado la importancia de la satisfacción sexual en la calidad de vida de los individuos (Ahumada, Lüttges, Molina, & Torres, 2014;Davison, Bell, LaChina, Holden, & Davis, 2009), aún queda mucho por explorar acerca de las implicaciones de este constructo desde una perspectiva holística. ...
... Cabe mencionar que el orgasmo y su consistencia han sido utilizados como medidas en los estudios de satisfacción, ya que ambas han ofrecido datos cuantificables y válidos a través de los participantes (Darling et al., 1991;Haavio-Mannila & Kontula, 1997;Young, Denny, Young, & Luquis, 2000). Mientras que el orgasmo puede proveer un cierto tipo de resultado acerca de la experiencia sexual, es solo una faceta de esta y no necesariamente está asociado a la satisfacción en todos los individuos (Haavio-Mannila & Kontula, 1997). ...
The objective of this study was to develop a short version of the Subjective Sexual Satisfaction Scale. Two independent studies were carried out with this purpose. The first study, of 200 participants, analyzed the reliability and factorial structure of the scale with strict criteria of item selection. In the second study, of 275 participants, a confirma-tory factorial analysis was carried out and the convergent and concurrent validity of the short version of the instrument (ESSS-B) was calculated. The results of the studies showed adequate psychometric properties in the scale. The reliability index of the scale was of .91 (Cronbach's alpha). The seven items of the ESSS-B complied with the discrimination criteria. Convergent and concurrent validity analyses were performed, obtaining statistically significant values. These results suggest that the ESSS-B has the potential to adequately measure sexual satisfaction in a global and subjective way among Puerto Rican adults.
... La primera ruta de investigación fue la que predominó en un inicio e incluyó estudios relacionados al orgasmo, al deseo sexual y las disfunciones sexuales (Ahumada, Lüttges, Molina & Torres, 2014). Por ejemplo, hubo investigaciones que correlacionaron positivamente la satisfacción sexual con la frecuencia de coitos sexuales (Young & Luquis, 1998), y con la frecuencia y consistencia de los orgasmos durante la actividad sexual (Darling, Davidson & Jennings, 1991). ...
... A su vez, esta dimensión examina la satisfacción emocional respecto a la frecuencia de orgasmos obtenidos. Este punto es particularmente importante, puesto que existen estudios que correlacionan positivamente la satisfacción sexual con la frecuencia de coitos sexuales (Young & Luquis, 1998), y con la frecuencia y consistencia de los orgasmos durante la actividad sexual (Darling, Davidson & Jennings, 1991). ...
The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability, factorial structure and validity indicators of the sexual satisfaction scale. Subjective sexual satisfaction can be defined as an affective response arising from one's subjective evaluation of the positive and negative dimensions associated with one's sexual relationship. A total of 615 Puerto Ricans (332 women and 282 men) participated in this psychometric study. The results indicate that the scale fits better to a multidimensional model of four factors. These factors were denominated Subjective Evaluation, Emotional Aspects, Sexual Performance and Self-Perception. A total of 20 items complied with the criteria of discrimination. The reliability index obtained for the version of 20 items of the scale was .91.
The scale is copyrighted but you are free to use it without permission or charge by all professionals (researchers and practitioners) as long as you give credit to the authors of the scale. To download the scale: https://www.juananibalgonzalez.com/instrumentos
... Much of orgasmic experience can probably be explained as an intensification of sexual pleasure and a deepening of the previously described altered states of consciousness. This likely contributes to explaining how people can be uncertain about whether or not they have actually had an orgasm (Darling & Davidson, 1986), or how an experience can be described as 'orgasmic' without actually involving sexual climax (Seecof & Tennant, 1986). However, it should also be noted that distinct emergent properties (Anderson, 1972) could be associated with different degrees of sexual absorption, perhaps with qualitatively different dynamics for different levels of trance. ...
... Notably, although women may have higher thresholds for climax, they are also more likely to be capable of multiple orgasms (Darling, Davidson, & Jennings, 1991;Masters, 1966). Although this might seem inconsistent with increased partner discriminability, multi-orgasms could potentially enhance discrimination by increasing the discrepancies between more and less rewarding sexual experiences. ...
Orgasm is one of the most intense pleasures attainable to an organism, yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. On the basis of existing literatures, this article introduces a novel mechanistic model of sexual stimulation and orgasm. In doing so, it characterizes the neurophenomenology of sexual trance and climax, describes parallels in dynamics between orgasms and seizures, speculates on possible evolutionary origins of sex differences in orgasmic responding, and proposes avenues for future experimentation. Here, a model is introduced wherein sexual stimulation induces entrainment of coupling mechanical and neuronal oscillatory systems, thus creating synchronized functional networks within which multiple positive feedback processes intersect synergistically to contribute to sexual experience. These processes generate states of deepening sensory absorption and trance, potentially culminating in climax if critical thresholds are surpassed. The centrality of rhythmic stimulation (and its modulation by salience) for surpassing these thresholds suggests ways in which differential orgasmic responding between individuals—or with different partners—may serve as a mechanism for ensuring adaptive mate choice. Because the production of rhythmic stimulation combines honest indicators of fitness with cues relating to potential for investment, differential orgasmic response may serve to influence the probability of continued sexual encounters with specific mates.
... Orgasm in women, then, can be described as a singular event that is often characterized by strong physical sensations, feelings of contentment, and sometimes, when experienced with a partner, feelings of love and intimacy. Women are also far likelier than men to experience multiple orgasms (Masters and Johnson 1966), with one study reporting that 43 % of female respondents usually experience multiple orgasms (Darling et al. 1991). The experience of orgasm appears to be at least as intense in women as it is in men. ...
... In a test of the possible association between women's orgasms and their partners' masculinity, Puts et al. (2012b) found that scores on a principle component defined by men's independently rated facial masculinity, objectively measured facial masculinity, partner-rated overall masculinity, and partner-rated dominance were positively related to a principle component defined by the frequency of their female partners' coital orgasms, as well as their partners' tendency to achieve orgasm before male ejaculation. Earlier-timed orgasms are associated with greater sexual pleasure (Darling et al. 1991), which may stimulate elevated oxytocin release (Carmichael et al. 1994;Carmichael et al. 1987) leading to sperm transport (Wildt et al. 1998). The findings of Puts et al. (2012b) thus suggest that possible conceptionpromoting correlates of female orgasm may be especially effective or likely when copulation occurs with masculine males. ...
The difficulty of inducing orgasm in women, its variability between women, and the lack of an obvious relationship with women’s reproductive success have led some researchers to conclude that female orgasm is a nonfunctional by-product of developmental pathways that women share with men. Other researchers have presented evidence that orgasm is an adaptation in women. In this chapter, we review the evidence for these opposing points of view and find that a functional hypothesis receives greater support. First, we discuss the phenomenological, anatomical, and neurological correlates of women’s orgasm, which are generally inconsistent with the idea that female orgasm is a by-product. We then present evidence that female orgasm enhances the likelihood of conception, and we summarize evidence that female orgasm functions as a mechanism for choosing mates of high genetic quality, investment potential, or both. Finally, we outline directions for future research that will help to resolve the debate about the functionality of orgasm in women.
... These are usually induced by masturbation (self or by their sexual partner), nowadays often by clitoral vibration. There are descriptions in the literature of women reported to have multiple (serial) orgasms [36][37][38][39] some [40,41] experiencing numbers greater than 100, but as stated previously, remarkably few have been studied and their responses recorded in the laboratory with full publication of the data. The actual percentage of women who are multior-gasmic in the general population is of course unknown but in the various studies that have examined this feature in selected populations give estimates varying widely from 9% (Masters and Johnson [1]), 12-14% (Kinsey et al. [36]), and 50% (Darling et al. [37] ). ...
... There are descriptions in the literature of women reported to have multiple (serial) orgasms [36][37][38][39] some [40,41] experiencing numbers greater than 100, but as stated previously, remarkably few have been studied and their responses recorded in the laboratory with full publication of the data. The actual percentage of women who are multior-gasmic in the general population is of course unknown but in the various studies that have examined this feature in selected populations give estimates varying widely from 9% (Masters and Johnson [1]), 12-14% (Kinsey et al. [36]), and 50% (Darling et al. [37] ). The reason for this wide scatter is not known but it could be because of the selective or different population sampling. ...
The post-ejaculation refractory time (PERT), the period after a single ejaculation when further erections and ejaculations are inhibited, has been studied and well-documented in male rats. Since its first attribution in men by Masters and Johnson and its inaccurate delineation in their graphic sexual response model in 1966 it has been infrequently studied whereas scant attention has been paid to any such possible activity in women after female ejaculation.
To critically review our current knowledge about PERT in rats and humans and describe and correct shortcomings and errors in previous publications and propose corrections.
Review of published literature.
Identifying evidence-based data to support authority-based facts.
The review exposes the extremely limited evidence-based data that our knowledge of PERT is based on. The paucity of data for most aspects of human PERT is remarkable; even the generally accepted statement that the duration of PERT increases with age has no published support data.
Despite numerous studies in rats the mechanisms and site(s) of the activity are poorly understood. Dopaminergic and adrenergic pathways are thought to shorten PERT whereas serotonergic pathways lengthen its duration. Raising the brain serotonin levels in men using SSRIs helps reduce early or premature ejaculation. Rats have an absolute PERT (aPERT) during which erection and ejaculation is inhibited and a relative PERT (rPERT) when a stronger or novel stimulus can, whether such phases exist in men is unexamined. Apart from possible depressed activity in the amygdala and penile dorsal nerve and rejection of prolactin as a major factor in PERT little or no significant advance in understanding human male PERT has occurred. No evidence-based data on women's PERT after female ejaculation exists. New investigations in young and older men utilizing brain imaging and electromagnetic tomography are priority studies to accomplish.
... Gérard et al. (2021) found that multi-orgasmic women reported higher levels of sexual motivation. Darling, et al. (1991) found that roughly 43% their respondents reported the capacity for multiple orgasms, and that multi-orgasmic women described themselves as more likely to be satisfied by penetrative vaginal intercourse. Cerwenka et al. (2021) found that multiple orgasms correlated with higher sexual satisfaction. ...
Sexual satisfaction is important to individual well-being and relationship satisfaction, making it a research topic relevant for sex clinicians and relationship therapists. The current study adds to sexuality literature by asking participants questions about the factors involved in “great sex.” We conducted 78 interviews via email or phone with participants ranging in age from 18 to 69. The sample included a diverse range of sexual orientations and identities, and various relationship statuses. Three primary themes emerged regarding great sex: orgasm, an emotional component, and chemistry/connection. Though some participants equated an emotional aspect as love; most participants made clear the difference between love and emotional elements in sex. Many participants shared their belief that a man only invests in his female partner’s orgasm when he also invests in her emotionally. Thus, some women explained that the emotional component helped them be present enough to orgasm. Others explained the emotional component as trust and affection. Participants also elaborated to define chemistry, which they regarded as out of one’s control and impossible to manufacture. A smaller number of participants stated unequivocally the lack of necessity of an emotional aspect to great sex; they stated instead that physical connection trumped an emotional component.
... Women do not have a true refractory period; orgasmic potential is undoubtedly restricted by fatigue. Studies by Darling et al. (1991) found that 42.7% of women had experienced multiple orgasms. Shtarkshall et al. (2008) supported this and concluded ''a woman's capability to have multiple orgasms is dependent on a combination of developmental, psychological and psychosocial conditions.'' ...
For sexologists, physicians, psychologists, gynecologists etc., it is a duty to update their knowledge. Female and male orgasm-sexuality, free pdf with 36 Pubmed-full text Dr Vincenzo Puppo-New Sexology Project: Eur J Obstet Gynecol, Eur Urol, Clin Anat, BJOG, J Urol, Int Urogynecol J, J Sex Med, BJU Int, J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, ISRN Obstet Gynecol, Gynecol Obstet Fertil, Maturitas, Int J Urol, etc.
Sexual pleasure/orgasm, (clitoris, labia minora and vestibular bulbs, exist in all women) is a source of physical and psychological wellbeing that contributes to human happiness. Female sexual anatomy is not has been a neglected area of study and the existing terminology is accurate from centuries... The key to female orgasm are the female erectile organs of the vulva (external organs)... Female orgasm is possible in all women, always, with effective stimulation of the female erectile organs... female sexual dysfunctions are popular because they are based on something that does not exist, i.e. the vaginal orgasm... Female sexual satisfaction is based on orgasm: sexologists must define having sex/love making when orgasm occurs for both partners, always, with or without vaginal intercourse (definition for all human beings)... the duration of penile-vaginal intercourse is not important for a woman’s orgasm: premature ejaculation is not a male sexual dysfunction...
Website http://www.vincenzopuppo.altervista.org/articoli.html
Free video: clitoris/labia minora erection in woman https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273966598_Flaccid_Erect_Clitoris_Labia_minora_in_woman_Clin_Anat_2013
Free video: orgasms in all women https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343851657_Video_Female_orgasms_in_all_women_always_with_stimulation_clitoris-labia_minora_with_fingers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pm_Qg2b4kKI
... Reproductive periods such as pregnancy, childbirth, lactation, and menopause affect performance and sexual satisfaction, as well (Brenhard, 2005;Darling et al., 1991;Hurlbert et al., 1993;Lawrence & Byers, 1995;Peck, 2001;Schuiling & Likis, 2006). In lactation several hormonal adaptation is happened, for instance increasing in prolactin along with decreasing in estrogen induce vaginal dryness that may negatively influence the sexual satisfaction. ...
Aims: We aimed to assess the association of postpartum maternal serum concentration of orexin-A with postpartum marital satisfaction considering the effect of mode of delivery as an influential factor.
Methods: This cohort study conducted among third trimester pregnant women, who met our eligibility criteria. Postpartum maternal and cord serum concentration of orexin-A were measured and their association with postpartum marital satisfaction were assessed considering the impact of mode of delivery.
Results: There was a statistically significant positive association between postpartum maternal and cord serum levels of orexin-A (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) and postpartum marital satisfaction among women with caesarean section(r = 0.31, p < 0.01). The maternal orexin-A level of women delivered with caesarean section who had post-partum marital dissatisfaction was significantly lower than those one with marital satisfaction (84.13 ± 95.88 vs. 153.08 ± 95.88 pg/ml, p = 0.04). Logistic regression model showed that the type of delivery was not related to marital satisfaction (OR =1.7, 95%CI: 0.6, 4.8), p = 0.280).
Conclusions: The postpartum maternal serum orexin-A level was associated with marital satisfaction in women delivered through caesarean section.
... Furthermore, the high symmetry of the female breasts is an important determinant not only of their sexual attraction but also as a good indicator of general fitness advertising the woman's "developmental stability" and possible fitness as a breeder (Miller, 2001). 3. It is interesting to note that while the human female can have multiple, serial orgasms, one after another (Darling et al., 1991;Master and Johnson, 1966), there is no published data that indicates that other female primates share this function, if indeed they actually have true orgasms. 4. Primates need functioning ovaries to be active reproductively. ...
Speculation that the release of oxytocin by orgasm in the human female during coitus facilitates fertility by enhancing uterine sperm transport has been criticised as having no unequivocal empirical human evidence. However, a counter claim that this supports human 'exceptionalism' as some form of uterine sperm transport occurs in other species. This is a misconception as it ignores that human uterine peristalsis, powered by contractions of the smooth muscle of the archimyometrium, facilitates sperm transport even without any systemic oxytocin involvement. Moreover, examination of various unique reproductive mechanisms in numerous animals also indicates that the claim is misjudged and rests on a biased interpretation of what 'exceptionalism' means in this biological context. Ten chosen aspects of our sexuality are presented as being exceptional to humans. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... A number of studies have reported associations between sexual satisfaction and gender (Carpenter, Nathanson, & Kim, 2007;Š tulhofer, Zelenbrz, Landripet et al., 2004), age (Carpenter et al., 2009;Young et al., 2000), income (Christopher & Sprecher, 2000), and religiosity (Young et al., 2000), as well as with various sexual and non-sexual aspects of relationships (Bancroft, Loftus, & Long, 2003;Byers, 2005;Henderson-King & Veroff, 1994;Pedersen & Blekesaune, 2003;Young et al., 2000). Sexual satisfaction has been found to be positively correlated with frequency of sexual activity (Hurlbert & Apt, 1994;Štulhofer, Gregurović, & Š tulhofer, 2003;Young & Luquis, 1998), frequency and consistency of orgasm (Darling, Davidson, & Cox, 1991;Darling, Davidson, & Jennings, 1991;Hurlbert & Apt, 1994;Pinney, Gerrard, & Denney, 1987), as well as level of intimacy (Byers & Demmons, 1999;Moret, Glaser, Page, & Bergeron, 1998) and partner communication (Gossman, Juliene, Mathieu, & Chartrand, 2003;Š tulhofer et al., 2004). Sexual satisfaction also appears to be affected by a variety of both microlevel and macrolevel phenomena-from anxiety and avoidance (Butzer & Campbell, 2008), to female assertiveness (Whitley & Poulsen, 1975), as well as broader cultural factors (Ah Song, Bergen, & Schumm, 1995;Carpenter et al., 2009). ...
The paper describes the development and evaluation Of psichometric characteristics for the New Scale Of Sexual Satisfaction (NSSZ). A review Of existing sexual Satisfaction measures revealed the need for a new instrument Which Would not be limited by gender, sexual orientation or the Current intimate Status Of the individual, The New Sexual Satisfaction Scale is based on the importance of sexual activities, Sexual exchanges,. sexual feelings, sexual focus and emotional closeness. The construction and initial evaluation of the scale was conducted on six independent samples, two of which were students. the remaining including members of the general population. Principal component analysis revealed the existence Of two Mutually related dimensions Of Sexual satisfaction: the selfcentred factor and the partner sexual activity centered factor. The analysis of internal consistency of the two formed subscales consisting of ten items each. as well as the entire 20 item scale, revealed a high reliability of results independent of the type of sample, age, gender and sexual orientation. The paper includes data on the stability of scale scores and the relationship with measures of similar constructs. A short form of the scale is also suggested ( 12 items) which specifically covers all five theoretical dimensions. The reliability and validity indices of the short form are comparable to those of the full version.
... Half of the participants of the current study reported having multiple orgasms either frequently or infrequently. Studies by Darling et al. [24] found that 42.7% of the women had experienced multiple orgasms. Shtarkshall et al. [25] supported this and concluded 'a woman's capability to have multiple orgasms is dependent on a combination of developmental, psychological and psychosocial conditions'. ...
Background: Orgasm problems in women are the second most frequently reported female sexual dysfunctions. The mechanisms triggering female orgasm are still unclear. Many non-physical factors, as culture and religion, can affect the incidence and characters of orgasm. The current study was conducted with the purpose of obtaining some information about orgasm in a sample of Egyptian women to fill the gap in this respect. Patients and Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used in this study that included 164 women attending the outpatient clinic of Benha University Hospital. All participants were sexually active and their ages range was 20 to 60 years. Anonymity of participants was secured. Results: The time needed to reach orgasm was >5 min but <10 min in 42.2% of participants. When they fail to obtain an orgasm, 32.9% of women fake it. Adescription of orgasm as a combination of shuddering all over the body and a nice feeling localized to the genitals was given by 42.2% of women. Female ejaculation was experienced by 40.2% of the participants and half of them were multiorgasmic. Most women (54.9%) consider not reaching orgasm is not a failure. The usual method of reaching was penile thrusting for 51.2%, while 48.8% could reach orgasm via manual stimulation only. Conclusion: Most women can reach orgasm in more than 50% of sexual encounters even if they were exposed to FGC. Women fake orgasm to accelerate finishing ofintercourse. Coital position has an effect on ability to attain an orgasm. Advance in age causes a decrease in both frequency and time needed to reach orgasm.
... While these theories are useful in attempting to explain why women have orgasms, they do not address the marked individual differences in female orgasm. Darling, Davidson, and Jennings (1991), for example, reported that Kinsey and his research team found only 14 to 16 percent of women report regularly experiencing multiple orgasms. The National Health and Social Life Survey estimates that about 29 percent of women always experience orgasm during intercourse with a partner, whereas most of those remaining must have direct clitoral stimulation to achieve orgasm (Hyde & DeLamater, 2006;Laumann, Gagnon, Michael, Michaels, 1994). ...
College females (N=115) completed a questionnaire, which asked an array of questions about demographics, health, sexual partners and orgasm, sexual satisfaction, masturbation and vibrators, personality, and sex guilt. Of the participants, 106 reported that they had experienced sex of some kind, 83 indicated that they had experienced single orgasm during sex with a partner, and 46 indicated that they had experienced multiple orgasms during sex with a partner. Independent variables "general questions", "communication with partner", "overall satisfaction", "fear
... Women do not have a true refractory period; orgasmic potential is undoubtedly restricted by fatigue. Studies by Darling et al. (1991) found that 42.7% of women had experienced multiple orgasms. Shtarkshall et al. (2008) supported this and concluded ''a woman's capability to have multiple orgasms is dependent on a combination of developmental, psychological and psychosocial conditions.'' ...
This review, with 21 figures and 1 video, aims to clarify some important aspects of the anatomy and physiology of the female erectile organs (triggers of orgasm), which are important for the prevention of female sexual dysfunction. The clitoris is the homologue of the male's glans and corpora cavernosa, and erection is reached in three phases: latent, turgid, and rigid. The vestibular bulbs cause "vaginal" orgasmic contractions, through the rhythmic contraction of the bulbocavernosus muscles. Because of the engorgement with blood during sexual arousal, the labia minora become turgid, doubling or tripling in thickness. The corpus spongiosum of the female urethra becomes congested during sexual arousal; therefore, male erection equals erection of the female erectile organs. The correct anatomical term to describe the erectile tissues responsible for female orgasm is the female penis. Vaginal orgasm and the G-spot do not exist. These claims are found in numerous articles that have been written by Addiego F, Whipple B, Jannini E, Buisson O, O'Connell H, Brody S, Ostrzenski A, and others, have no scientific basis. Orgasm is an intense sensation of pleasure achieved by stimulation of erogenous zones. Women do not have a refractory period after each orgasm and can, therefore, experience multiple orgasms. Clitoral sexual response and the female orgasm are not affected by aging. Sexologists should define having sex/love making when orgasm occurs for both partners with or without vaginal intercourse. Clin. Anat., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
... Others have found orgasm frequency to be important in women's satisfaction. 47 Cultural norms may be increasingly shifting so that orgasm is perceived as a more normative part of young women's sexual experience. However, a number of obstacles to experiencing orgasm remain for young women, including far lower masturbation rates among young women than among young men, 43 a social climate in which young women are encouraged to rely on male partners alone for sexual gratification, 9,48 and a cultural sexual script in which men's orgasms, but not women's, are seen as integral to sexual encounters. ...
Despite the World Health Organization's definition of sexual health as a state of well-being, virtually no public health research has examined sexual well-being outcomes, including sexual satisfaction. Emerging evidence suggests that sexual well-being indicators are associated with more classic measures of healthy sexual behaviors. We surveyed 2168 university students in the United States and asked them to rate their physiological and psychological satisfaction with their current sexual lives. Many respondents reported that they were either satisfied (approximately half) or very satisfied (approximately one third). In multivariate analyses, significant (P < .05) correlates of both physiological and psychological satisfaction included sexual guilt, sexual self-comfort, self-esteem (especially among men), relationship status, and sexual frequency. To enhance sexual well-being, public health practitioners should work to improve sexual self-comfort, alleviate sexual guilt, and promote longer term relationships.
... Many factors are commonly associated with sexual satisfaction. One of these is sexual activity and performance, which includes frequency of sexual activity, variety of sexual behaviors, positive attitudes towards sexuality etc. (Darling & Davidson 1991, Hurlbert et al. 1993, Haavio-Maninila & Kontula 1997, Luquis 2000. ...
This paper reports on some factors correlated with sexual satisfaction and on differences between female and male university students.
A convenience sample of 174 female and 74 male Slovene undergraduate university students was studied.
It has been found that an increased frequency of sexual interaction and agreeableness in sexual interactions increase sexual satisfaction, while a desired frequency of sexual interactions and estimation of a partner's agreeableness in sexual interactions decrease sexual satisfaction. Sex was not found to be an important predictor of sexual satisfaction. Male students' agreeableness in sexual interaction is significantly higher than that of female students. Male students are significantly more conservative in their attitudes towards abortion and concerning sexual myths. Female students are less satisfied with their sexual life than their male colleagues.
In conclusion, the findings of the study demonstrate that there are some differences in problems with sexuality between both sexes. Female students are in general more dissatisfied. On the basis of the findings of the present research it should be possible to plan interventions for increasing satisfaction with sexuality, specifically for each gender.
... A number of studies have reported associations between sexual satisfaction and gender (Carpenter, Nathanson, & Kim, 2007;Štulhofer et al., 2004), age (Carpenter, Nathanson, & Kim, 2007;Young et al., 2000), and income (Christopher, & Sprecher, 2000), religiosity (Young et al., 2000), as well as with various sexual and non-sexual aspects of relationships (Bancroft, Loftus, & Long, 2003;Byers, 2005;Henderson-King, &Veroff, 1994;Pedersen, & Blekesaune, 2003;Young et al., 2000). Sexual satisfaction has been found to be positively correlated with frequency of sexual activity (Hurlbert, & Apt, 1994;Štulhofer, Gregurović, & Štulhofer, 2003;Young, & Luquis, 1998), frequency and consistency of orgasm (Darling, Davidson, & Jennings, 1991;Darling, Davidson, & Cox, 1991;Hurlbert, & Apt, 1994;Pinney, Gerrard, & Denney, 1987), as well as level of intimacy (Byers, & Demmons, 1999;Moret et al., 1998) and partner communication (Gossman et al., 2003;Štulhofer et al., 2004). Sexual satisfaction is also affected by both micro-level and macro-level phenomena-from anxiety and avoidance (Butzer, & Campbell, 2008), to female assertiveness (Whitley, & Poulsen, 1975), and broader cultural factors (Ah Song, Bergen, & Schumm, 1995;Carpenter, Nathanson, & Kim, 2007). ...
The development and bicultural validation of the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS)--a 20 item, multidimensional, composite measure of sexual satisfaction--is presented. The development of the scale was based on a five-dimension, conceptual model that emphasized the importance of multiple domains of sexual behavior including sexual sensations, sexual awareness and focus, sexual exchange, emotional closeness, and sexual activity. Scale construction and validation were carried out using seven independent samples with over 2,000 participants aged 18 to 55 in Croatia and the United States. Primary data collection was completed using online survey tools. Analyses did not confirm the proposed conceptual framework but suggested a two-dimensional structure focusing on self ("ego-centered") and the other (a "partner- and sexual activity-centered" factor) domains, each containing items representing all five conceptual dimensions. Scale reliability (k = 20) was satisfactory for all samples, and construct validity was confirmed in both cultures. The NSSS was also found to have acceptable one-month stability. It is suggested that the NSSS may be a useful tool for assessing sexual satisfaction regardless of a person's gender, sexual orientation, and relationship status.
Background
Women’s experiences of the expulsion of fluids during sexual stimulation, commonly referred to as female ejaculation/squirting, are not well comprehended in the existing literature.
Aim
To investigate women’s knowledge about and experiences of female ejaculation/squirting.
Methods
Data from 1568 women (aged 18 to 69) were collected using a cross-sectional online-based questionnaire (in Swedish).
Outcomes
The study focused on descriptive features of knowledge about, reactions to, occurrence of, and sensations around female ejaculation/squirting.
Results
Among the participants, 58% had experienced ejaculation/squirting (significantly more often among non-heterosexuals). Among women without such experience, only one-third would like it to happen. Among women with such experience, ejaculation/squirting occurred consistently during sexual practice for a small percentage (7%) and on a few occasions for about half (52%). Despite most (77%) rating it as primarily a positive sensation, many reacted with shock/shame (28%) or thought they had urinated (26%) the first time it occurred. Many (61%) reported orgasm occurring close to, or simultaneously, with ejaculation/squirting, and these women were more likely to report it as a positive sensation (P < .001). Despite overall positive aspects, 58% had wanted to avoid it at some point, mainly because it got too wet or due to insecurities about the content of the fluid. Having wanted to avoid it at some point was more likely among those who sensed the fluid as being expelled from the urethra (P < .001) or whose partner reacted negatively to it (P < .001).
Clinical Translation
This study contributes with a nuanced understanding of women’s experiences of ejaculation/squirting and related challenges.
Strengths and Limitations
This study is the first to explore women’s desire for ejaculation/squirting, their initial reactions, and reasons for avoidance. There are limitations due to the nature of the data collection, such as missing data and potential overrepresentation of women who are informed and open-minded about ejaculation/squirting.
Conclusion
Ejaculation/squirting is a common occurrence among women and, despite being perceived predominantly positively, particularly when linked with an orgasm, initial reactions, and avoidance underscore complexities related to excessive wetness and insecurities about the fluid’s content.
Female Arousal and Orgasm: Anatomy, Physiology, Behaviour and Evolution is the first comprehensive and accessible work on all aspects of human female sexual desire, arousal and orgasm. The book attempts to answer basic questions about the female orgasm and questions contradictory information on the topic. The book starts with a summary of important early research on human sex before providing detailed descriptions of female sexual anatomy, histology and neuromuscular biology. It concludes with a discussion of the high heritability of female orgasmicity and evidence for and against female orgasm providing an evolutionary advantage.
The author has attempted to gather as much information on the subject as possible, including medical images, anonymized survey data and previously unreported trends. The groundbreaking book gives a scientific perspective on sexual arousal in women, and helps to uncover information gaps about this fascinating yet complex phenomenon.
Masturbation is prevalent across the lifespan. Many people feel ashamed of or conflicted about their masturbation, likely because of long-standing and wide-spread stigma, misinformation, and lack of adequate sexual education. The consensus among sexual health experts is that masturbation is healthy and promotes sexual well-being. Motives for masturbation range from sexual gratification and pleasure to self-exploration and spiritual practice; many people enhance their masturbatory experiences using sex toys or sexually explicit material.
Background
Orgasm occurrence plays an important role in general sexual satisfaction for women. Until now, only few studies have focused on examining a broad spectrum of sexuality- and relationship-specific factors associated with orgasm in heterosexual women currently in a long-term relationship or on differences between the overall experience of orgasm and multiple orgasms.
Aim
The present study aims to understand how various sexuality- and relationship-associated factors are related to experiencing partnered orgasm among heterosexual women having stable relationships in Germany. Moreover, the study aims to differentiate between the overall experience of orgasm and the experience of multiple orgasms and shed light on their impact on general sexual satisfaction.
Methods
Within the nationwide representative survey GeSiD (German Health and Sexuality Survey), n = 1,641 sexually active women aged between 18 and 75 years in heterosexual relationships reported their experience of orgasm during the latest sexual encounter. Data on the type of sexual practices, frequency of sexual activity and of masturbation, relationship satisfaction, feelings of love, closeness, and general sexual satisfaction were analyzed.
Outcomes
The overall experience of orgasm, the experience of multiple orgasms, and associations between experiencing orgasm and sexual satisfaction.
Results
Frequency of sexual activity, relationship satisfaction, feelings of love and closeness were moderately to strongly positively correlated with each other and each showed positive associations with the likelihood of orgasm. Greater number of sexual practices and frequency of sexual activity were associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing multiple orgasms, which in turn was correlated with higher sexual satisfaction.
Clinical Implications
In clinical and therapeutic work with women who have difficulty achieving orgasm, central issues should be the perceived relationship quality as well as regular sexual activity with the partner.
Strengths & Limitations
The present population-representative study is the first in Germany to identify significant factors associated with the experience of orgasm among heterosexual women in relationships. Further studies ought to include the frequency of orgasms in partnered sex over a longer period of time as well as the experience of orgasm during masturbation.
Conclusion
The experience of orgasm for women is related to a variety of complex interpersonal mechanisms and to be associated with sexual satisfaction.
Cerwenka S, Dekker A, Pietras L, et al. Single and Multiple Orgasm Experience Among Women in Heterosexual Partnerships. Results of the German Health and Sexuality Survey (GeSiD). J Sex Med 2021;XX:XXX–XXX.
Effects produced by music and sex are similar insofar as they make us feel the present moment intensely (Frith 1996): this is probably the reason why our discourses frequently borrow vocabulary from the sexual lexical field when we want to name instants where our musical perception is most stimulated. The word “climax” is a transparent example, since it can literally refer to an orgasm, but is also used to talk about the intensity peak of a piece of music. This metaphor comes with unfortunate restrictions, in this case, the viewing of a climax as the equivalent of one standardized representation of male pleasure – the single orgasm. Yet, to see a musical climax as an intensity peak preceded by a crescendo and followed by an immediate fallout has its limits. It is generally relevant in tonal, classical music, but this outline loses its accuracy when it comes to other genre families, like rock music, which progresses step by step, and does not necessarily include one precise identifiable peak.This article focuses on a post-rock corpus and shows the importance of a more flexible use of the notion of climax in musicology. The studied climaxes, shaped as long sections instead of one-time peaks, illustrate how musical analysis can benefit from alternative templates, namely those of multiple and sustained orgasms. Using these two models as formal references, and relying on Brad Osborn’s work (2013), which evidenced the role of terminal climactic sections in recent rock music, this paper stresses the internal crescendos of the climactic sections often – but not exclusively – heard in post-rock. Their form, instrumentation, harmonic strategies, use of technology and performance highlight the main characteristics of these expanded climaxes: an extended temporality, replicability and reduced teleology.
Abstract This article describes the interaction between attachment and delinquent behaviors (aggressive and non-aggressive). The Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Spanish, was adapted to be used in a Puerto Rican population and the Self-Report Delinquent Interview was translated to Spanish. Attachment, parental bonding, psychiatric symptomology and delinquent behavior were measured in this study. The sample (n=31) was collected from domestic violence aggressors participating in a reeducation program. One-way ANOVA and MANOVA were completed to analyze the interaction between the variables. Results suggest that the fathers' parenting style impacts the participants' attachment style, psychiatric symptomology and delinquent behaviors. Recommendations are made for early intervention with children and parents.
This article describes the interaction between attachment and delinquent behaviors (aggressive and non- aggressive). The Experiences in Close Relationships Scale –Spanish, was adapted to be used in a Puerto Rican population and the Self-Report Delinquent Interview was translated to Spanish. Attachment, parental bonding, psychiatric symptomology and delinquent behavior were measured in this study. The sample (n=31) was collected from domestic violence aggressors participating in a reeducation program. One-way ANOVA and MANOVA were completed to analyze the interaction between the variables. Results suggest that the fathers’ parenting style impacts the participants’ attachment style, psychiatric symptomology and delinquent behaviors. Recommendations are made for early intervention with children and parents.
The study purpose was to assess, in a U.S. probability sample of women, experiences related to orgasm, sexual pleasure, and genital touching. In June 2015, 1,055 women ages 18 to 94 from the nationally representative GfK KnowledgePanel® completed a confidential, Internet-based survey. More than one-third of American women (37%) reported they needed clitoral stimulation in order to experience orgasm during intercourse and 18% said that vaginal penetration was sufficient for orgasm. Women reported diverse preferences for genital touch location, pressure, shape, and pattern. Clinical, therapeutic, and educational implications are discussed.
Sexual health can be defined as a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being that is related to sexuality and not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. Achieving sexual health requires the sexual rights of individuals to be recognized and guaranteed. Among these rights are “the right to comprehensive sexual education” and “the right to information based on scientific knowledge”, suggesting that sexual information should be generated through free and ethical scientific research and appropriately disseminated at all social levels. However, sexology remains a neglected educational discipline in the general population, in particular among physicians, and it is therefore possible that misinformation leads to the proliferation of myths and misconceptions about sexuality.
In this chapter, we describe how ingrained these myths or misconceptions are in our population. In addition, we provide answers and recommendations about sexual health that are based on the best evidence.
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación de variables sociodemográficas, físicas y emocionales con la satisfacción sexual. Los datos fueron recabados de octubre de 2014 a abril de 2015. La muestra fue de 300 mujeres de 18 a 50 años que vivieran en la comunidad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México y respondieran un cuestionario en línea y al Índice de Satisfacción Sexual. El análisis estadístico para encontrar la relación entre variables se realizó mediante la prueba estadística de independencia chi- cuadrada de Pearson. Los resultados muestran que el 59.3 % de las mujeres se encuentra sexualmente satisfechas y el 40.6 % no satisfechas. Se determinó la asociación de variables entre la satisfacción sexual y variables sociodemográficas (estado civil) variables físicas (presencia y frecuencia de diferentes tipos de orgasmos) y variables emocionales (tipo de actividad sexual y prejuicio ante el sexo). El presente trabajo aporta datos relevantes en relación a la satisfacción y el deseo sexual de mujeres de Xalapa, Ver., México
The most recent iteration of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) defines female orgasmic disorder (FOD) as delay, infrequency, absence, or reduced intensity of orgasm in the majority of sexual experiences. Although pharmacotherapy for female sexual dysfunctions has received an enormous amount of interest in recent decades, cognitive and behavioral techniques remain the most effective and are recommended as first-line treatments for FOD by the International Society for Sexual Medicine. Psychoeducation is a necessary but insufficient component of treatment for FOD. It is an important foundation for intensive treatment of FOD. In addition to psychotherapies directly targeting sexual behavior, a number of evidence-based psychotherapies appear to improve orgasmic function among women or serve as valuable adjuncts to sex therapy. Many forms of couples therapy, for example, are effective in addressing problems within intimate relationships that can contribute to orgasmic dysfunction.
Correlates of sexual satisfaction were identified in a sample of older married women. A 70-item questionnaire was mailed to an age-stratified sample of 5,000 married persons, including 1,000 married women over the age of 50. Usable questionnaires were received from 148 participants (14.8% return rate). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis, using sexual satisfaction as the dependent variable, yielded five predictor variables that accounted for a significant portion of the variation in sexual satisfaction (Cumulative R² = .73). These results serve as a reminder that sexual interactions cannot be compartmentalized but must be considered within the context of the overall marriage relationship. Given the low return rate, interpretations should be limited until replication with an adequate sample has been completed.
Sexuality is an integrated, unique type of personal expression that includes physiologic and psychological processes inherent in sexual development. A multidimensional construct, human sexuality encompasses a view of oneself as a female and presentation of oneself as a woman, sexual desire, sexual response, and sexual orientation. A woman's sexuality is an important aspect of her health throughout the life span. Through her sexuality, a woman expresses her identity and her need for emotional and physical closeness with others. No 2 women express sexuality in exactly the same way. Sexuality need not be limited by age, attractiveness, partner availability or participation, or sexual orientation Expressed positively, sexuality can bring much pleasure, but it also has the potential to cause great pain. It is imperative that the medical professional have a complete understanding of the importance of their role in addressing female sexual dysfunction in the biopsychosocial context.
Authors provide a review of findings concerning female orgasm. They describe the physiological and psychological aspects and mechanism of the individual four phases of sexual excitation and orgasm, and the characteristics of clitoridal and vaginal orgasm.
Despite the many scientific references in the domain of sexual function, there seems to be no universal definition of orgasm. Physiologically, orgasm is often described as the result of rythmic and involuntary muscular contractions of the vaginal, uterine and anal musculature, and isolated muscular spams. Despite the muscular component, little changes are observed at the level of the genital organs, with the exception of the expulsion of fluid, in some women, that is secreted forcefully and that reminds of ejaculation. At the systemic level, many changes are observed, among which an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, along with hyperventilation, apnea and volization. Beyond these physiological signs of orgasm, studies have explored the types of orgasm that could be experienced by women, including clitorido-vulval, vaginal-uterine or mixt orgasm, and the phenomen of multiple orgasm, whether sequential or continuous. Despite the profusion of studies and data, few theoritical models are offered to explain orgasm. The clinical appraisal of sexual function in women and men with spinal cord injury suggests an interesting avenue, which brought us to develop a model based on the innervation of the genital system, the mechanisms of emission in men and the plateau phase in women, and the phenomenon of autonomic dysreflexia seen in patients with spinal cord injury, to explain orgasm. If confirmed, the model could serve as a basis for the treatment of anorgasmia in women with spinal cord injury.
Despite decades of research, the neurophysiology of orgasm remains unknown. Animal models with the urethrogenital reflex in rats and facial expressions of orgasm in macaques have provided remarkable contributions, but the models can only explain a part of the overall perceptual experience of orgasm in humans. Human studies on the other hand have mostly focused on subjective reports, and while a few instruments have been developed (but seldom used), the distinction between orgasm and intense sexual pleasure has not always been demonstrated. Recent advances in functional imagery have further contributed to our understanding of orgasm, but a final comprehensive model bringing together all the findings and explaining the neurophysiology of orgasm is still lacking. This paper reviews the literature on orgasm, from animal studies to human data, including those from men and women with spinal cord lesions who offer a natural experimental model to study climax. The data lead us to propose a model of orgasm as a non-pathological analog of autonomic hyperreflexia (AHR), involving a sympathetic storm arising from genital stimulation and triggering genital, autonomic, and muscular responses that are normally submitted to immediate and massive supraspinal inhibition (thereby leaving only the pleasurable experience of orgasm). The model is consistent with the physiological recordings of orgasm in men and women, the neurophysiology of ejaculation in men, and data from functional imagery and from clinical conditions involving unexplained reports of orgasm, in particular from prostatectomized men, prepuberal boys, women in labor, women who suffered sexual abuse, and individuals complaining of orgasmic cephalgia.
By modifying the body in meaningful ways, human beings establish their identity and social status. Lip plugs, ear plugs, penis sheaths, cosmetics, ornaments, scarification, body piercings, and genital modifications encode and transmit messages about age, sex, social status, health, and attractiveness from one individual to another. Through sociocultural sexual selection, male genital modification plays an important role as a sociosexual signal in both male competition and female mate choice. The reliability of the signal correlates with the cost of acquiring the trait. Women use a variety of cues to assess male quality. Male genital modification is one way that some women assess their mates. Extreme male genital modifications not only honestly advertise status, sexual potency, and ability to provide sexual satisfaction, they may provide a reliable index of male-female cooperation through the male's commitment to endure pain and risk.
Two distinct empathic sexual responses have been mentioned anecdotally in the literature: (1) an increase in physiological sexual arousal in response to the sexual arousal of the partner (empathic turn-on) and (2) a decrease in physiological sexual arousal in response to lack of sexual arousal in the partner (empathic turn-off), but to our knowledge this is the first systematic study of the phenomenon. There were 722 women and 415 men who participated in the anonymous computer survey. Of the total of 1137 participants, 90.5% agreed that they had experienced empathic turn-on, 69.1% agreed that they had experienced empathic turn-off, 64.4% agreed that they had experienced both empathic turn-on and turn-off and only 4.7% had experienced neither, χ (1, n = 1137) = 19.484, p
Introduction
The effect of sexual arousal and orgasm on genital sensitivity has received little research attention, and no study has assessed sensation pleasurableness as well as painfulness.
Aim
To clarify the relationship between sexual arousal, orgasm, and sensitivity in a healthy female sample.
Methods
Twenty‐six women privately masturbated to orgasm and almost to orgasm at two separate sessions, during which standardized pressure stimulation was applied to the glans clitoris, vulvar vestibule, and volar forearm at three testing times: (i) baseline; (ii) immediately following masturbation; and (iii) following a subsequent 15‐minute rest period.
Main Outcome Measures
Touch thresholds (tactile detection sensitivity), sensation pleasurableness ratings (pleasurable sensitivity), and pain thresholds (pain sensitivity).
Results
Pleasurableness ratings were higher on the glans clitoris than the vulvar vestibule, and at most testing times on the vulvar vestibule than the volar forearm; and at baseline and immediately after masturbation than 15 minutes later, mainly on the genital locations only. Pain thresholds were lower on the genital locations than the volar forearm, and immediately and 15 minutes after masturbation than at baseline. After orgasm, genital pleasurableness ratings and vulvar vestibular pain thresholds were lower than after masturbation almost to orgasm. Post‐masturbation pleasurableness ratings were positively correlated with pain thresholds but only on the glans clitoris. Hormonal contraception users had lower pleasurableness ratings and pain thresholds on all locations than nonusers. There were no significant effects for touch thresholds.
Conclusions
Masturbation appears to maintain pleasurable genital sensitivity but increase pain sensitivity, with lower genital pleasurable sensitivity and higher vulvar vestibular pain sensitivity when orgasm occurs. Findings suggest that enhancing stimulation pleasurableness, psychological sexual arousal and lubrication mitigate normative increases in pain sensitivity during sexual activity, and underscore the importance of measuring both pleasure and pain in sensation research.
Objectives:
To explore, in an age perspective, women's lifetime sexual techniques and the extent to which they had led to orgasm. To relate these techniques and current erotic perceptions to orgasmic function in women sexually active during the last 12 months and to describe the relative impact of orgasmic function/dysfunction on their sexual well-being.
Methods:
A nationally representative sample of 18- to 74-year-old women (N = 1,335) participated. Nearly all were heterosexual. Current orgasmic capacity was broadly and subjectively classified into: no, mild, or manifest dysfunction. Sexual techniques and erotic perceptions were recorded together with level of sexual satisfaction.
Results:
Generational differences characterized age at first orgasm and intercourse, types and width of sexual repertoire, and also current erotic perceptions, while orgasmic dysfunction and distress caused by it were less age dependent. Likely protectors of good orgasmic function, mainly against manifest dysfunction, were: a relatively early age at first orgasm, a relatively greater repertoire of techniques used--in particular having been caressed manually or orally by partner(s), achievement of orgasm by penile intravaginal movements, attaching importance to sexuality and being relatively easily sexually aroused. In turn, among other aspects of female sexual function women who did not have orgasmic dysfunction or distress were particularly likely to be satisfied with their sexual life.
Conclusion:
Besides providing data on matters frequently said to be sensitive this investigation shows that women's generation and with it several long-ranging aspects of women's sexual history and their feelings of being sexual are important indicators of their orgasmic and thereby their overall sexual well-being. When (in clinical practice) establishing treatment strategy for women with orgasmic dysfunction due respect should be given to these factors.
Up to 30% of women suffer from female orgasmic disorder (FOD)-the second most common type of female sexual dysfunction. FOD has been acknowledged to be multifactorial and recent research has implicated the importance of psychosocial risk factors.
The aim of this study is to investigate whether normal variations in emotional intelligence--the ability to identify and manage emotions of one's self and others--are associated with orgasmic frequency during intercourse and masturbation. To our knowledge, this is the first such study in a large unselected population.
A total of 2035 women from the TwinsUK registry completed questionnaires relating to emotional intelligence and sexual behavior. Global emotional intelligence was measured using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF). Orgasmic frequency was assessed using two self-constructed questions.
Using Spearman's rank correlation and quartile logistic regression, we investigated whether variations in emotional intelligence are associated with female orgasmic frequency during intercourse and masturbation.
Emotional intelligence was not associated with the potential confounders of age and years of education, nor did we find a significant association between emotional intelligence and potential risk factors for FOD such as age, body mass index, physical or sexual abuse, or menopause. We found emotional intelligence to be positively correlated with both frequency of orgasm during intercourse (r = 0.13, P < 0.001) and masturbation (r = 0.23, P < 0.001). Women in the lowest quartile of emotional intelligence had an approximate twofold increased risk of infrequent orgasm (Intercourse = odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-3.9; Masturbation = [OR] 1.8, [CI] 1.3-2.5).
Low emotional intelligence seems to be a significant risk factor for low orgasmic frequency. Consideration of this behavioral risk factor may need to be incorporated into research into FOD and possible treatment approaches.
The Freudian, Marxian, and sociobiological explanations of sexuality are not well designed for answering questions concerning differences among societies or groups in their sexual lifestyles. A macro-level, societal explanation of sexuality is needed to answer such questions. Such a theory is lacking in sociology but is developed in this paper. Sexuality is defined as a societal product whose importance lies more in its physical pleasure and self-disclosure aspects than in its reproductive potential. Those qualities are universally valued because they are the building blocks of social relationships. This paper proposes that sexuality is universally linked to the social structure in three specific areas: (a) marital jealousy, (b) gender role power, and (c) beliefs about normality. Variations and interrelations of these three linkages are explained by the logical structure of this sociological theory. Evidence concerning the theory is explored by examining the Standard Cross Cultural Sample, National Opinion Research Center surveys, and individual research on other societies. The sociological explanation presented here applies to both heterosexual and homosexual relationships and to both industrial and nonindustrial societies. A number of specific, interrelated propositions that explain societal variations within the three universal linkage areas are explored. The logical structure of the theory is developed as the context of those propositions. The paper also treats the relevance of this theory for the applied professions dealing with sexuality.
A 36‐year‐old woman with limited previous sexual experience was repeatedly monitored as she learned to stimulate herself digitally to orgasm. During 7 laboratory sessions spanning 5 months, she was recorded physiologically and interviewed in detail about her subjective experiences of orgasm. From session III onward, the subject experienced multiple orgasms in the laboratory. The orgasm frequency ranged from 3 orgasms in 7 minutes (session III) to 7 orgasms in 16 minutes (session VI). Anal pressure was chosen to illustrate the development of her multiple orgasm pattern. The series of regular contractions were more prominent during the initial orgasms of successive sessions. In later orgasms of a session, regular contractions were few in number or did not occur. A drop in pressure, however, invariably related to the start of each signalled orgasm. Her attempts to relate subjective terms to physiologic events call attention to semantic issues in describing orgasm. This research case report can serve as a heuristic model for exploring both the psychophysiologic aspects of orgasm and the ontogeny of sexual response patterns.
Sexual arousal by clitoral self-stimulation was used by healthy, young adult women volunteers (n =28) to induce orgasm in the laboratory. The duration of the orgasm was obtained using the subject's verbal indication of its start and finish. The estimated duration and the subjective experience of the orgasm self-graded on a 5-point scale were also obtained in a number of subjects. Vaginal blood flow was assessed by the power consumption needed to keep a heated oxygen electrode, held on the vaginal wall by suction, at a constant temperature. The mean measured orgasm duration was 19.9 seconds (SD, 12, n =26). For 14 subjects, their estimate of the duration of their orgasms (12.2 9.8 seconds, mean SD) was greatly underestimated compared with the measured duration (26 14.6 seconds). This result indicates that data obtained on the duration of orgasm from questionnaires or interviews have suspect validity. The measured duration of the orgasms was not significantly correlated with the subjective grading. The increase in vaginal blood flow at orgasm was not significantly correlated with the subjective gradings of orgasm (n =18), the orgasm latency (time taken to induce orgasm, n =18), or the measured duration of orgasm (n =14).
As individuals become increasingly aware of their sexuality and orgasmic responsiveness, concomitantly, the phenomenon of pretending orgasm is becoming a greater part of the sexual relationship for many couples. However, few studies exist concerning this phenomenon despite the fact that nearly two-thirds of all females have reported pretending orgasm. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to profile those females who have pretended orgasm by examining the dimensions of their sexual and orgasmic behaviors, the factors that inhibit their orgasm, the dynamics of partner interaction, and any desired changes in their sexual lives. A survey research design was employed utilizing the responses of 805 professional nurses who participated in a study concerning self-perceptions of the female sexual response. The findings indicate that those females who have ever pretended orgasm became sexually active at a younger age and have been more sexually explorative than those females who have not pretended orgasm. Furthermore, the role of their sex partners was a significant dimension in their orgasmic pretense. The resultant impact on coupled relationships has many critical implications for therapists.
Seventeen women masturbated to orgasm several times in succession while being measured intravaginally by a device that allows continuous oxygen and blood flow readings. Analysis of covariance showed significant differences between fantasy and orgasm and between orgasm and interorgasm relaxation periods. The data do not provide physiological evidence that successive orgasms are either physiologically or subjectively stronger but do provide physiological evidence of a plateau phase of sexual response in women.
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The Hite Report Dell
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