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Allergic conjunctivitis to chamomile tea
Abstract
Eye washing with chamomile tea is a folk remedy used by the general public to treat conjunctivitis and other ocular reactions. Chamomile is also found in many cosmetic products. Some cases of contact dermatitis (but not reactions of type I) were reported following its topical applications. We present seven hay fever patients that suffered from conjunctivitis; two of them also had lid angioedema after eye washing with chamomile tea. All seven patients had positive skin prick tests to the chamomile tea extract, Matricaria chamomilla pollen and Artemisia vulgaris pollen extracts. Positive conjunctival provocations were also observed in all the patients with the chamomile tea extract. In contrast, no symptoms were observed after oral challenges with this infusion. IgE activity against chamomile tea and Matricaria and Artemisia extracts (composite pollens) was detected by ELISA in the seven patients' sera. A cross reactivity among the above extracts was observed by an ELISA inhibition study. In all cases, the IgE activity to chamomile tea could fully be absorbed by Matricaria pollen extract. Skin prick tests and conjunctival provocation tests also performed in 100 hay fever controls revealed a positive immediate skin response to Artemisia in 15 patients, eight of them also to Matricaria pollen and five of them to Chamomile tea as well. Only two of the last patients had a positive conjunctival response. The results were negative in the rest of the controls. We conclude that the chamomile tea eye washing can induce allergic conjunctivitis. Matricaria chamomilla pollens contained in these infusions are the allergens responsible for these reactions.
... Chamomile and mango were reported as culprits in a patient with a personal history of childhood eczema and oral allergy syndrome, with hypersensitivity to different kinds of fruit (141). Subiza et al. (143) presented 7 hay fever patients who suffered from conjunctivitis; 2 of them also had angioedema of the lids after washing their eyes with chamomile tea, a folk remedy used to treat conjunctivitis and other ocular reactions. All presented with positive prick test reactions to the tea extract; it is thought that Matricaria chamomilla L. [syn: Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert] pollens contained in these infusions were the responsible allergens (143). ...
... Subiza et al. (143) presented 7 hay fever patients who suffered from conjunctivitis; 2 of them also had angioedema of the lids after washing their eyes with chamomile tea, a folk remedy used to treat conjunctivitis and other ocular reactions. All presented with positive prick test reactions to the tea extract; it is thought that Matricaria chamomilla L. [syn: Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert] pollens contained in these infusions were the responsible allergens (143). A similar case was reported by Foti et al. (144), also with a positive prick test reaction to German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla). ...
Immediate skin reactions are common in dermatological practice, but may often be overlooked. The main objective of this article is to provide an update of the literature concerning immediate-type reactions or contact urticaria/contact urticaria syndrome caused by cosmetic ingredients in terms of immediate clinical symptoms, positive reactions following open, scratch but, most often, prick testing, and sometimes the detection of specific IgE antibodies. To this end, a selective search in different medical literature databases was performed. This resulted in a list of cosmetic ingredients causing immediate reactions, including hair dyes and bleaches, preservatives, fragrance and aroma chemicals, sunscreens, hair glues, plant-derived and animal-derived components, permanent makeup and tattoos, glycolic acid peel, lip plumper, and alcohols. Many of the reported cases, however, lack appropriate controls and detailed investigation. In conclusion, contact urticaria may occur with or without systemic symptoms, which are sometimes life-threatening.
... In particular, allergic reactions are the most common adverse effects of chamomile-containing remedies (McKay and Blumberg, 2006;Benito et al., 2014;European Medicines Agency 2015), and the allergies are often observed in people who are allergic to other plant members of the family Compositae (de la Torre Morín et al., 2001;Paulsen et al., 2008). Chamomile topical application most often induces contact dermatitis (Anzai et al., 2015), rhinitis (Scala, 2006) and eye irritation and conjunctivitis (Subiza et al., 1990). In addition, hypersensitivity reactions including severe allergic reactions (Quincke's disease, dyspnea, vascular collapse, anaphylactic shock) after mucosal contact with liquid chamomile preparations have been documented (Reider et al., 2000;European Medicines Agency 2015;Nakagawa et al., 2019). ...
Obesity is an increasing health concern related to many metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. Many studies suggest that herbal products can be useful dietary supplements for weight management due to the presence of numerous biologically active compounds, including antioxidant polyphenols that can counteract obesity-related oxidative stress. In this review we focus on Matricaria chamomilla, commonly known as chamomile, and one of the most popular medicinal plants in the world. Thanks to a high content of phenolic compounds and essential oils, preparations from chamomile flowers demonstrate a number of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and sedative actions as well as improving gastrointestinal function. Several recent studies have shown certain positive effects of chamomile preparations in the prevention of obesity and complications of diabetes. These effects were associated with modulation of signaling pathways involving the AMP-activated protein kinase, NF-κB, Nrf2 and PPARγ transcription factors. However, the potential of chamomile in the management of obesity seems to be underestimated. This review summarizes current data on the use of chamomile and its individual components (apigenin, luteolin, essential oils) to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders in cell and animal models and in human studies. Special attention is paid to molecular mechanisms that can be involved in the anti-obesity effects of chamomile preparations. Limitation of chamomile usage is also analyzed.
... It finds use in flatulence, colic, hysteria, and intermittent fever [11], and is mainly used as an antiinflammatory and antiseptic, also antispasmodic and mildly sudorific [12]. It is used internally as a tisane for disturbance of the stomach associated with pain, for sluggish digestion, diarrhea, and nausea; more rarely and very effectively for inflammation of the urinary tract and for painful menstruation [13,14]. ...
During our exploring the anticancer activity of some medicinal plants and their major metabolites, the aerial parts of the Egyptian Matricaria chamomilla (flowers and stems) were studied. GC–MS analysis of the organic soluble extracts of the flowers and stems fractions revealed the presence of 43 and 45 compounds, respectively. Individual chromatographic purification of the flowers and stems’ extracts afforded three major compounds. Structures of these compounds were identified by 1D- and 2D-NMR and HRESI-MS spectroscopic data as bisabolol oxide A ( 1 ) and ( E )-tonghaosu ( 2 ) (as mixture of ratio 2:1) from the flowers extract, meanwhile apigenin-7- β - d -glucoside (3) from the stems fraction. Biologically, the chamomile extracts announced significant antiproliferative activities exceeded in potency by ∼1.5 fold in case of the stem, recording GI 50 13.16 and 17.04 μg/mL against Caco-2 and MCF-7, respectively. Both fractions were approximately equipotent against the migration of the same cell type down to 10 μg/mL together, compounds 1 , 2 but not 3 , showed considerable growth inhibition of the same cells at GI 50 13.36 and 11.83 μg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, they were able to suppress Caco-2 colon cancer cells migration at 5.8 μg/mL and potently inactivate the VEGFR2 angiogenic enzyme (1.5-fold relative to sorafenib. The obtained compounds and corresponding chamomile extracts were evaluated against Adeno-7 virus, revealing that both chamomiles’ extracts (flowers and stems) and their corresponding obtained compounds ( 1–3 ) were potent in their depletion to the Adeno 7 infectivity titer, however, the flower extract and compounds 1–2 were more effective than those of the stem extract and its end-product ( 3 ).
... 29 One study demonstrated that eye washing with chamomile tea in hay fever patients who have conjunctivitis exacerbates eye inflammation. 30 Although no significant ocular risks were identified from the complementary and alternative therapies listed on the reviewed Web sites, there are case reports describing severe complications after the application of complementary and alternative therapies to the eye. One particularly severe case was published by Altaie et al. 31 from Auckland, New Zealand, a nation where the use of complementary and alternative therapy is estimated to be around 23.4%. ...
Significance:
Dry eye disease is a common condition with many complementary and alternative therapies promoted online. Patients may inquire about these therapies, and clinicians should be aware of the existence, safety, and efficacy of these therapies, as well as the quality of available online information.
Purpose:
Complementary and alternative medicine is a multibillion-dollar industry with increasing popularity. Dry eye disease is a chronic condition with many complementary and alternative therapies described online. Patients may inquire about and elect to forgo conventional treatments in favor of these therapies. This study identified alternative treatments for dry eye disease described online and evaluated the Web sites that described them.
Methods:
An Internet search algorithm identified Web sites describing complementary and alternative therapies for dry eye disease. Web site quality was assessed using the Sandvik score to evaluate Web site ownership, authorship, source, currency, interactivity, navigability, and balance. The potential risk of Web sites to patients was assessed using a risk scoring system. A list of described therapies was compiled.
Results:
Eight Web sites describing complementary and alternative therapies for dry eye disease were assessed. The Sandvik score classified more than half of the Web sites as "satisfactory" and none as "poor." The overall mean risk score was low at 0.9. One Web site displayed information that discouraged the use of conventional medicine, whereas no Web sites discouraged adhering to clinicians' advice. The Web sites listed 12 therapies with a further 32 found in Web site comments. The most common therapies were acupuncture, vitamin supplements, homeopathic eye drops, castor oil, coconut oil, and chamomile eye wash.
Conclusions:
The majority of analyzed Web sites were of satisfactory quality with a low potential risk to patients. However, some Web sites were biased toward their own therapies, lacked proper referencing, and/or did not identify authorship. Further research is required to ascertain the efficacy and safety of these therapies.
... recutita) topikal kullanımı sonucu alerjik konjonktivit ve yine aynı türün infüzyonunun tüketilmesi ile anafilaktik şok rapor edilen vakaların sayısı her ne kadar az olsa da hassas kişilerde bu advers etkilerin ortaya çıkabileceği, aynı zamanda bitkisel kaynakların kullanımının artışı ile birlikte bu tür hassasiyetlerin artabileceği sağlık çalışanları tarafından göz önünde bulundurulmalı ve maruziyetin mümkün olan en az düzeye indirilmesi tavsiye edilmelidir. 16,19,20,27 Asteraceae familyası bitkilerine veya bu bitkileri ihtiva eden ürünlere temas yanında, sistemik yolla da alerjik reaksiyonlar meydana gelebilmektedir. Asteraceae bitkilerine sistemik yolla maruziyet sonucu meydana gelen alerjik reaksiyonlarda da benzer klinik tablolar görülmektedir. ...
... Chamomile tea (CT)has stress relieving and nerve relaxant properties and has been used to remove inflammations, pain and to cure rheumatic disease [2,41]. Conjunctivitis due to the external administration of Chamomile tea is reported as pollen of M. chamomilla may induce allergic reactions [42]. In addition, the use of chamomile taken with warfarin caused multiple internal hemorrhages [43]. ...
The use of medicinal plants has witnessed an upsurge because of a general perception of being economical, effective and safe relative to allopathic medications. However, converging evidence suggests unwanted allergic reactions of herbal preparations and also toxic fatal reactions in the body signifying need for the extensive toxicity assessments. Moreover, some adverse reactions can stem from the contamination of herbal drugs which is attributed to the lack of standardization and quality control of herbal drugs. Contamination of metals, microorganisms and false identification can also end up in causing toxicity and allergic reactions which demand the dire need for pharmacovigilance to promote safe use of herbal preparations. In this paper, we have presented a review of literature on the toxicity profiles of most commonly used medicinal plants and presented valuable recommendations to allow safe use of the herbal medicines.
... should be avoided as they may cross-react with allergens (for example Artemisia vulgaris) (59) . Psychological support may be necessary in severe cases of VKC and AKC. ...
The treatment and management of ocular allergy (OA) remains a major concern for different specialties, including allergists, ophthalmologists, primary care physicians, rhinologists, pediatricians, dermatologists, clinical immunologists and pharmacists. We performed a systematic review of all relevant publications in Medline, SCOPUS and WebScience including systematic reviews and meta‐analysis. Publications were considered relevant if they addressed treatments, or management strategies of OA. A further wider systematic literature search was performed if no evidence or good quality evidence was found. There are effective drugs for the treatment of OA, however there is a lack an optimal treatment for the perennial and severe forms. Topical antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers or double action drugs are the first choice of treatment. All of them are effective in reducing signs and symptoms of OA. The safety and optimal dosing regimen of the most effective topical anti‐inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, is still a major concern. Topical calcineurine inhibitors may be used in steroid‐dependent/resistant cases of severe allergic keratoconjunctivitis. Allergen specific immunotherapy may be considered in cases of failure of first line treatments or to modify the natural course of OA disease. Based on the current wealth of publications and on the collective experience, recommendations on management of OA have been proposed.
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... The tests conducted by Budzinski et al. (2000) revealed that 3.1% of the patients develop an Asteraceae-related allergic reaction, and of these individuals, 56.5% demonstrated allergy to chamomile. As another example, in hay fever patients with an inflammation of meibomian glands, the chamomile employed as fluid extract exacerbates the inflammation syndromes (Subiza et al. 1990). It is presumable that reported allergic effects may result from contamination of common chamomile herb by A. cotula, the species very similar to the other chamomiles, difficult to distinguish, and known for its allergenic properties (Budzinski et al. 2000). ...
The statistics from Europe and the USA have proven a high risk for skin diseases associated with plant contact. Therefore, plant-induced dermatitis is of increasing attention in dermatology. The focus of this paper was to present the current knowledge on aspects of contact allergy related to Asteraceae (Compositae) species. The Asteraceae family is one of the largest in the world with members across all continents. The PubMed/Medline databases have been searched. The Asteraceae representatives consist of diverse secondary metabolites, which exhibit various advantageous effects in humans. In particular, sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) may cause sensitization resulting in skin irritation and inflammation. In this study, we tried to reveal the allergenic potential of several Asteraceae species. The Asteraceae-related allergy symptoms involve eczema, hay fever, asthma, or even anaphylaxis. Furthermore, the evidence of severe cross-reactivity with food and pollen allergens (PFS) in patients sensitive to Asteraceae allergens have been announced. Further identification and characterization of secondary metabolites and possible allergens in Asteraceae are necessary for the better understanding of Asteraceae-related immune response. The Asteraceae allergy screening panel (the SL mix and the Compositae mix of five plant species) is a promising tool to improve allergy diagnostics and therapy.
... A conjunctival provocation test was performed on 7 hay fever patients who had experienced conjunctivitis after ocular rinsing with C recutita (Matricaria) tea (from flower heads). 74 Chamomilla recutita (Matricaria) tea extract (tea extracted in PBS) was evaluated in the provocation test. Initially, one drop of the tea extract (1:1,000,000 [wt/vol]) was instilled into the conjunctival sac. ...
The Chamomilla recutita-derived ingredients in this assessment are reported to function mostly as fragrance ingredients and skin conditioning agents in cosmetic products. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing the same constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. Additionally, industry should continue to use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities that could be present in botanical ingredients. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concluded that the Chamomilla recutita-derived ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment when formulated to be nonsensitizing.
... By way of example, the intake of a chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.; popularly known as Camomila) infusion may precipitate an anaphylactic reaction and bronchial asthma, as reported in an 8 year old male (Subiza et al., 1989). Thus, its use should be avoided in children and people with a history of allergy (PDR, 2007;Subiza et al., 1990). However, Matricaria chamomilla L., is associated with several references reporting its anti-inflammatory effects, and its use in the treatment of gastric ailments and mild insomnia. ...
In many cultures throughout the world, mostly in developing countries, medicinal plants play an important role in the maintenance of people's health. Despite this, some plants can be inherently toxic. People are not generally well-informed about this risk, and the concept that natural means safe prevails. Considering the associated risk of the misuse of medicinal plants, children represent an even more vulnerable group than adults. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the local knowledge of medicinal plants related to child care by mothers and care takers in a district of Criciúma, Southern Brazil. An ethnobotanical household survey was carried out with 42 mothers or care takers through open interviews, and botanical samples of the plants they used were gathered. The information collected about traditional knowledge was compared with references cited in Normative Instruction n°5 journal, and other scientific literature in order to evaluate similarities and differences. A total of 18 plant species were mentioned. Information on 83% of cited plants were found in the scientific references. 51% of therapeutic uses matched the literature guidelines. There was an absence of indications and restrictions for use with children for 34% of mentioned plants. The use of medicinal plants can be considered an important element in the maintenance of local knowledge and culture. This practice also represents an affordable therapeutic option, in communities where poverty and a lack of access to modern medicine are prominent factors. Just like other medicines, medicinal plants may have side effects however, and administration to children should be performed with careful attention.
... In contrast, no symptoms were observed after oral challenges with the tea. 35 Only a few cases reported that ingestion of chamomile tea caused an anaphylactic reaction. All patients suffered from hay fever and one of them had bronchial asthma caused by a variety of pollens. ...
... In this study, two assays were used to test the workers' serum samples for the presence of IgE antibodies against tea extracts: for IgE antibodies against three extracts of tea commonly used at the tea plant: black, chamomile and lemon tea. This was performed as described by Subiza et al. [15]. Briefly, aqueous extracts were prepared from tea bags of each type and coated onto the wells of a microtitre plate. ...
The aim of this study was to determine whether respiratory symptoms or cross-shift declines in lung function were related to occupational exposure to tea dust. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted at a tea-packing plant. Subjects completed a questionnaire, spirometry before and after a full work shift, skin prick testing and venipuncture. Among the 83% of the workers at the site who participated, the prevalences of asthma, wheezing, hay fever and atopy were similar to the general population. Work-related nasal symptoms were more commonly reported by blenders and operators. There were six (3.2%) subjects with a cross-shift decline in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s of >10%. Specific immunoglobulin E antibodies to black or chamomile tea were observed in 10 (5.6%) employees. As there was little evidence of specific allergic sensitization to the tea varieties tested, the excess of work-related respiratory and nasal symptoms probably represented non-specific irritation.
... We treated a patient in our clinic who had a serious reaction to an herbal substance (3). Nearly all clinical presentation of immediate reactions such as urticaria, conjunctivitis, asthma exacerbation, anaphylaxis have been reported with herbals (4,5,6). ...
The use of herbal products in patients with allergic diseases is a special problem and still controversial. But, many people often use herbs to maintain good health. The patients use self-prescribed remedies as medications but do not inform their physicians about herbal use. Unfortunately, some herbal self-medications may have unexpected effects and interactions which may lead to fatal complications. In this report, we describe a female patient who suffered near-fatal anaphylaxis to parsley.
... Chamomile can cause ocular side effects (Fraunfelder, 2004). Chamomile tea eye washing can induce allergic conjunctivitis (Subiza et al., 1990). ...
Drugs based on herbs have become a common form of therapy as well as for prophylaxis because they are often perceived as being natural and therefore harmless. Today they are one of the hottest trends and most sought after in the field of nutrition or herbal therapeutics. As the use of complementary medicine grows, so does the knowledge that many compounds in common use not only have a significant effect on the body but may also interact with pharmaceuticals and also with other alternative products. Concurrent use of herbs with drugs may mimic, magnify, or oppose the effect of drugs leading to herb-drug interactions. Currently, there is very little information published on herb-herb or herb-drug interactions as compared to the use of herbs which is progressively growing across the world. Many reports of herb-drug interactions are sketchy and lack laboratory analysis of suspect preparations. Health-care practitioners should caution patients against mixing herbs and pharmaceutical drugs. The article reviews the recent literature on the adverse effects of herbal remedies including the most widely sold herbal medicinal products, like liquorice, garlic, ginger, green tea, and turmeric, etc., and reinforce the safety aspect of herbal products, which are considered to be relatively safe by common people.
... Pollen of M. chamomilla contained in these infusions are the allergens responsible for these reactions. [18] Antonelli had quoted from writings of several doctors of ancient time of the 16th and 17th century that chamomile was used in those times in intermittent fevers. [19] Gould et al. have evaluated the hemodynamic effects of chamomile tea in patients with cardiac disease. ...
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a well-known medicinal plant species from the Asteraceae family often referred to as the "star among medicinal species." Nowadays it is a highly favored and much used medicinal plant in folk and traditional medicine. Its multitherapeutic, cosmetic, and nutritional values have been established through years of traditional and scientific use and research. Chamomile has an established domestic (Indian) and international market, which is increasing day by day. The plant available in the market many a times is adulterated and substituted by close relatives of chamomile. This article briefly reviews the medicinal uses along with botany and cultivation techniques. Since chamomile is a rich source of natural products, details on chemical constituents of essential oil and plant parts as well as their pharmacological properties are included. Furthermore, particular emphasis is given to the biochemistry, biotechnology, market demand, and trade of the plant. This is an attempt to compile and document information on different aspects of chamomile and highlight the need for research and development.
The term “Phytotherapy” refers to the direct or indirect treatment of disease through the use of plants and plant-derived products. Since the dawn of time, people have employed herbs as a type of traditional medicine. Natural remedies obtained from therapeutic plants have shown an abundant supply of biologically active ingredients, several of which have served as the inspiration for creation of novel molecules for different medications. A single herb exhibits multiple benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activity, and its use in dental treatment proves to be an effective adjuvant. The applications of medicinal plants in endodontics are varied ranging from intracanal medicaments to irrigants and retreatment agents. Various synthetic chemicals play a significant role in disinfection in endodontics but also have undesirable properties such as allergic potential, increased microbial resistance, toxicity, safety concerns and bitter taste. Due to their widespread availability, low toxicity, and cost-effectiveness, herbal remedies are now being used more frequently as part of dental treatment and have experienced an exceptional surge in popularity in recent years. Therefore, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of various phytochemicals and its endodontic applications, standardisation, possible side-effects and its benefits as an adjunctive therapy.
Physical appearance is more strongly pursued than ever in today's world and is considered to provide confidence, success and self-esteem. Cosmetics are the important product in beauty market and their growth is unstoppable. It is estimated that about 95% of women and 75% of men were daily using cosmetics. Despite the considerable use of cosmetics, most people are unaware of its adverse reactions. Urticaria is severe as well as the most common adverse reaction caused by cosmetics. Major cosmetics that cause urticaria include fragrance, preservatives, hair care products, lip plumbers, plant- and animal-derived products, bindi or kumkum, nail cosmetics, glycol peel, permanent makeup and tattoos, etc. This review provides a brief explanation of the cosmetic components that cause urticaria.
Weed infestation is one of the main problems of cotton production in Ethiopia.
Therefore, an experiment was conducted at Werer Agricultural Research Center and
Gewane cotton commercial farm during the main cropping seasons of 2017 and 2018
to determine better integrated weed management practices for the Middle Awash, Rift
Valley of Ethiopia. A total of eight treatments; hand weeding + Intreculturing, Preirrigation
+ hand weeding, Pendimethalin + hand weeding, Pre-irrigation +
Intreculturing, Pendimethalin + Intreculturing, Pre-irrigation + Pendimethalin, Preirrigation
and Control check were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) with three replications. A total of 40 weed species, belonging to 20 families
were identified in the cotton field. The result showed that abundance of weeds, and ball
number per plant and yield of cotton were significantly affected by the management
practices. A seed cotton yield loss of about 64% was recorded in the weedy control.
This study showed that one hand weeding + Interculturing or Pendamethaline +
Interculturing which resulted better yield and yield components can be used as an
integrated cotton weed management system at Werer and Gewane areas.
The genotypes PI417089A, G7955-C3RPP (C1), PI471904, PI567104B,
PI567054C, PI594538A and PI230970 can be advanced for further testing and the
genotypes which have been identified as having partial resistance may used as
parental material for hybridization. Genotypes which showed RB reaction to soya
bean rust may or may not show a similar reaction in other locations due to the
variation of soybean rust race. Therefore, in the future, identifying the types of
rust race is one of the key stages to validate such research results. Similarly,
emphasis needs to be given to screening of large number of soybean genotypes
including locally released varieties. Moreover, conducting study based on cultivar maturity group for identification of resistant genotypes which can be used as
source in breeding programs or for direct release if found suitable under diverse
climatic situation. A study on the tolerance and resistance mechanism of soybean
genotypes to soybean rust is also essential.
The Asteraceae family's chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) may be a well-known medicinal plant. Chamaemelum nobile, also referred to as Roman chamomile, is usually referred to as real chamomile or sweet false chamomile. Effect of sweet false chamomile extract on linearincisional wound healing was studied. The article briefly review on the medicinal and cosmetic benefits of matricaria. The major medicinal uses of this plant is antiinflammatory, antidiarrheal, antacid. chamoline as an cosmetic ingredient is good for skin and hair. Mouthwashes and tooth pase also contain chamomile as an ingredient. Chamomile also have antioxidant property. It treat gastrointestinal problem by acting as purgative and also use to treat acidity. It promotes wound healing effect in the case of cradle and bunions. The flavonoids apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, patuletin, and volatile oil compounds like bisabolol and its oxides, also as azulenes, are liable for chamomile's biological action. There are several chamomile chemocultivars. Chamomile is anti-inflammatory, deodorant, antibacterial, carminative, sedative, antiseptic, anticatarrhal, and spasmolytic.
Contact urticaria is a transient wheal and flare reaction that occurs within 10–60 minutes at the site of contact of the offending agent and completely resolves within 24 hours. The wheal reaction may be allergic (immunologic contact urticaria) or non allergic (non immunologic contact urticaria) or mixed (undetermined). The causative agentscan be cosmetics, latex, plants, food substances, drugs, animal-derived proteins and textiles. Furthermore, is conducted a discussion on cosmetic ingredients causing immediate reactions, including hair dyes and bleaches, preservatives, fragrances and sunscreens. Occupational contact urticaria is reported in many different settings, mostly in individuals dealing with flowers, paint, hair dye chemicals, seafood, meat, vegetables, and fruits, such as chefs, cooks, bakers, butchers, slaughterhouse workers, and fish-factory workers. The diagnosis of immunological contact urticaria is based on the clinical history, on a positive open test or prick test with the suspected substance and/or measurement of specific IgE. The main treatment step is avoiding the causative agent.
Chamomile has been used for medicinal purposes for thousands of years, and remains one of the most popular herbal medicines. It is most often consumed as a herbal tea, but also can be taken orally as drops, capsules, or tablets; applied topically; or inhaled. Chamomile has been used to treat minor gastrointestinal complaints; as well as cold symptoms, minor ulcers, superficial wounds, small boils, inflammation of the mouth, throat, and skin, anxiety, and insomnia, along with other complaints and illnesses. Chamomile’s efficacy is due to its antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, analgesic, anxiolytic, sedative, and antispasmodic properties. The most important constituents contributing to chamomile’s beneficial effects are terpenoids, such as chamazulene and bisabolol; and flavonoids, including apigenin, luteolin, and quercetin.
Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. Ethiopia is the largest wheat
producer in Africa. Wheat rusts are among the most important constraints in wheat
production in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to study the geographical distribution
of rusts in major wheat growing regions of Ethiopia and determine the reaction of
wheat cultivars to wheat rusts in the country during 2018 cropping season. A total of
727 wheat fields were surveyed in major wheat growing areas of Oromia, Amhara,
Tigray and Southern Nations, Nationalities Peoples Region (SNNP). Yellow rust was the
most widely distributed disease in the surveyed fields with a prevalence percentage of
61.3. The overall mean incidence values for yellow rust, stem rust and leaf rust were
36.3, 20.9 and 4%, respectively. Likewise, the overall mean severities were 15, 9 and
1.7%, respectively in the same order. The incidences and severities of wheat rusts varied
among wheat varieties in the season. Most varieties showed moderately susceptible to
susceptible responses against yellow rust and stem rust populations. The most
commonly grown cultivars such as Danda’a, Digelu, Hidasse and Ogolcho were
affected by yellow rust and stem rust disease in the season and showed MSS-S reaction
types in most of the study areas. The predominance of susceptible varieties can be an
important recipe for the development of rust epidemics in Ethiopia. Hence, continuous
supply of resistance varieties is needed to avoid wheat rust epidemics in the country.
This ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Caspoggio (Valmalenco, SO, Italy) with the purpose of investigating the traditional uses of medicinal plants. Moreover, a bibliographic research meant to validate or refute the uses, focusing on the potentially responsible compounds, was performed. Fifty-nine species, attributable to 30 families (Asteraceae, Pinaceae, Malvaceae, and Lamiaceae the most cited), were mentioned. Arnica montana, anti-inflammatory for traumas and musculoskeletal pains; Pinus mugo, expectorant; Malva sylvestris, anti-inflammatory and soothing; Achillea moschata, digestive. The compounds, responsible for the therapeutic activities, are often polyphenols and terpenoids: helenanin in A. montana, α-pinene, δ-3-carene, and limonene in P. mugo, gossypin and malvin in M. sylvestris, luteolin and apigenin in A. moschata. Scientific evidence for at least one of the traditional activities described was found for 50 species but only in 26 out of 196 works consulted, it is possible to make a comparison between investigated extracts and traditional preparations. This study is thus a stimulus to new phytochemical investigations, mimicking as much as possible the traditional preparations. This work is part of the European Interreg Italy-Switzerland B-ICE project, aimed at creating a management model for the ongoing climate change and searching for new sources of territory valorization as attractions for tourists.
The popular trade of herbal drugs without quality assurance implies a health risk. This study was an interdisciplinary analysis of the herbal drugs (DVs) trade network with focus on psychoactive drug plant (DVPs) available on the Brazilian city of Diadema, and risks associated with its consumption. Methods of ethnopharmacology, such as informal interviews, semi-structured interviews and participant observation were used for the completion of the fieldwork, during which four tradesmen were selected to register the collection, handling, packaging and types of DVs marketed. We registered 63 DVs that referred to psychoactive activity (DVPs) and categorized as stimulants (67%), depressants (27%), depressants and stimulants (1%) and finally some could not be set (5%). These DVPs had their popular names, preparations and uses, used parts, contraindications, and doses recorded. Eighteen of the 63 DVPs were selected according to the study criteria, and their lots were purchased by the selected tradesmen to be examined by microbiology (61 lots) and Pharmacognosy (only 22 of those lots, related to only 8 DVPs). The results for these areas, together with query in the scientific literature concerning descriptions of adverse reactions, provided the grant for the final analysis of these DVPs in the context of pharmacovigilance. Deficiencies were observed mainly in the handling and packaging of DVs by the traders, favoring its contamination and degradation. The microbiological analysis found that 16% of DVPs analyzed showed populations of bacteria (aerobic and Enterobacteriaceae) exceeding 105 CFU/g and 31%, populations of fungi (molds and yeasts) exceeding 103 CFU/g and the presence of risk indicator microbial species in 17 DVPs, specifically in 74% of the 61 lots, in addition to aflatoxin B1 or B2 producing fungi in four of them. The results of pharmacognosy showed that 73% had failed at least one of the parameters (contaminants, characterization and chromatographic profile), 50% of the 22 lots analyzed did not match the specifications of the pharmacopoeia, 36% were contaminated by other plant organs than those permitted in the monographs and a lot contamination by insects was found. All 22 lots have been disapproved in the evaluation of the label (classification and validity) and virtually all packages were considered inadequate. In addition to data obtained from such analysis, descriptions of contraindications, adverse effects and drug interactions were found in the literature for 3 DVPs who had their identity confirmed by the Pharmacognosy (chamomile, ginkgo biloba and guarana). The results obtained here allow us to observe the priorities of sanitary adequacy of the DVs popular trade, as well as establishing a profile of quality of DVPs marketed according to the analyzed parameters. We conclude that these DVPs gather important factors that could cause damage to the consumers health, especially for some groups such as pregnant women and immunosuppressed individuals.
Artemisia apiacea (also known as Artemisia annua L) is a herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. In the early 1970s, artemisinin was isolated and identified as the active antimalarial ingredient, and thereafter, A. apiacea and artemisinin have been studied extensively, such as anti-inflammation and antipyresis, antibacteria, antiparasitic and immunosuppression effects of A. apiacea extract. The present study investigated the extracts anti-allergic effect obtained from the dried flowering tips of A. apiacea in rats. A systemic anaphylactic reaction model was induced in rats using compound 48/80. Artemisia extract was administered 1 h prior to the injection of compound 48/80. Artemisia was extracted from dried flowering tips of A. deserti using 80% ethanol. Subsequently, the systemic anaphylactic shock, histamine release, scratching behavior and vascular permeability induced by compound 48/80 were evaluated. The administration of Artemisia extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses suppressed the systemic anaphylactic shock induced by compound 48/80 in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, the Artemisia extract was able to effectively decrease systemic anaphylactic shock, histamine release, scratching behavior and vascular permeability induced by compound 48/80 in a dose-dependent manner.
A glabrous, branching, erect, and aromatic annual of the COMPOSITAE family. It grows to about 1 m tall with a strong odor when bruised. The leaves, 2 to 3, are pinnately-parted with a narrow, thorny tip. Flow- ers are large, solitary heads on 2 to 8 cm long, grooved peduncles; The ray florets are white or yellowish, later becoming reflexed, disc florets numerous, yellow, tubular; peduncles 2.5 cm long, dark brown or dusk greenish yellow; achenes with 3–5 faint ribs.
Background: Tea is considered a healthy and harmless beverage. However, adverse reactions to several tea species, like chamomile or green tea, have been reported. Case report: We report a 55-year-old woman, who developed palmar and plantar itching, dyspnea, angioedema and dysphagia 10 min after drinking a tea prepared from a TCM granulate. Methods: Skin prick tests with common inhalant allergens, as well as with the tea and its individual components were performed. Total IgE, specific IgE and tryptase were measured. In addition, immunoblotting and CAP inhibition tests were done. Results: Skin prick tests showed moderately positive reactions to various storage mites and a strongly positive reaction to the TCM tea. Subsequent testing with all individual tea components was negative. Specific IgE to storage mites, mugwort and ragweed pollen was negative. Total IgE and tryptase were within normal limits. The immunoblot showed positive reactions to proteins between 15 and > 100 kDa in the TCM tea, but was negative to extracts from Tyrophagus, Lepidoglyphus, Acarus and Blomia, excluding contamination of the granulate with storage mite antigens. A recheck of the patients history revealed a former allergy to silk diagnosed 20 years ago. Subsequent assessment of specific IgE to wild silk by CAP was positive (5.1 kU/l). In a CAP inhibition assay, IgE binding to wild silk was inhibited by the TCM tea by 87%. Conclusion: In the present case, the anaphylactic reaction resulted from the presence of silk allergens in the TCM tea granulate, presumably due to infection of one of its raw materials by insect pests like Plodia interpunctella, Ephestia kuehniella or other related moth species and subsequent contamination of the plant material by silk proteins from pupal cocoons.
This chapter focuses on the medicinal herb, chamomile and its health promoting properties in the older population. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is provided as an adjunct to mainstream medicine with the intention to provide symptom relief and improve quality of life. The different classes of bioactive compounds in chamomile are used in medicinal preparations as well as cosmetics and these compounds include terpenoids and flavonoids. An outline of the various preparations of chamomile, such as dry powder, standardized extract, oral infusion and tea preparation is given. The use of chamomile as a therapeutic agent is mentioned for common cold, cardiovascular conditions, eczema and gastrointestinal conditions among others. Drinking of chamomile tea is stated to boost the immune system and helps fight infections associated with cold and thus shows its health promoting benefits. The quality of life of cancer patients is shown to improve by use of the essential oils of chamomile in aromatherapy/massage for anxiety. The adverse effects to chamomile can occur in people who are sensitive to members of the Compositae family and the side effect can manifest as contact dermatitis.
Objective: The interest in herbal products has been increasing in recent years. Herbal weight-loss products are widely used because they are believed to be harmless, especially among women who want to lose weight. However, these products may cause numerous adverse effects especially when used persistently. Material and Methods: In this study, the compositions of 13 different herbal form tea preparations, marketed in Turkey, were investigated and the possible adverse effects related to their use and risk factors were evaluated by reviewing the literature. Results: Senna was the most commonly used plant in the herbal form tea preparations marketed in Turkey. None of the investigated samples included plants containing ephedrine. The samples were not standardized. Conclusion: Literature suggests that plants used in these products may cause many adverse effects. For this reason, these products should be used under the control of health care professionals.
The repertoire of treatment options available to allergists and immunologists is ever increasing and with this comes the increased potential for these treatments to cause adverse ocular side effects. Corticosteroids remain the first line of treatment for most immunological disorders and physicians should be alerted to their extensive ocular morbidity profile. Patients requiring longer-term therapy may often receive immune modulators or newer biologic agents. While effective, these medications may have additional ocular side effects; as newer agents are more frequently used, some of these may not be previously documented. A number of patients will seek alternative or herbal remedies for these long-term conditions, often unknown to the treating physician; these too can cause harmful ocular morbidity. We review the latest information about the potential ocular side effects that may be encountered in treating patients with medications used in allergic and immunological disorders.
Topical herbal drugs have for centuries been used for treating skin ailments. Although they are currently widely accepted by patients, their scientific esteem among dermatologists in particular is limited. A variety of herbal drugs for topical application deserves consideration regarding their widespread use or their still ill-defined potential with respect to their benefit/risk ratio. Clinically, camomile (Chamomilla recutita) and hamamelis preparations look particularly well documented. While the final proof of efficacy in common dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis is still lacking, there is fairly ample evidence for their activity against cutaneous inflammation in man, as may be deduced from experiments with normal volunteers. With Hamamelis virginiana this looks paricularly promising, as unwanted effects related to the drug are virtually absent. With camomile preparations the degree of safety seems to depend largely on the plant used. Some herbal drugs clearly need further analysis until their value can be determined. This includes the frequently-used aloe preparations. This is the more remarkable as huge numbers of in vitro studies are available. Arnica is fairly unique in so far as the lack of proof of efficacy strongly contrasts to its sensitization potential. So far, in particular dermatitis and related disorders can be considered potential indications for topical herbal antiinflammatory drugs. Studies in psoriasis vulgaris should also be performed addressing long-term application. In this context such fairly ill-defined drugs as Mahonia deserve attention.
The consumption of dietary foods and the use of medicinal plants are constantly increasing. Certain foods and dietary supplements are used for their particular natural character, for their vegetal nature and their richness in vitamins and for the fact that they are “biological” products. Phytotherapy, considered to be medicine of the past, is likewise now considered to be a “medicine of the future”, in part because of the numerous active principals remaining to be discovered in plants. There are many reasons for this trend: the idea of returning to a more natural life (for some, to a primitive past); the search for a better gustative quality of food; for the prevention of and the fight against diseases thought to be related to pollution caused by synthetically-produced chemicals; for conservation or amelioration of the physical form of food; etc. At an individual level, the fact that plants are the source of a large number of products actually in use should cause allergists to be alert, because the risk of pollen and non-pollen allergies is well-known. This review will cover the well-known and accepted risks of allergy to products from beehives, to newly discovered foods (in particular, to ancient cereals), to new foodstuffs, and to medicinal plants, especially exotic ones. The aim is not to alarm consumers but to show them that the evolution of our behaviour goes hand-in-hand with the evolution of the risk of new allergies, meaning that control and vigilance are required. People allergic to pollen and to moulds should use dietary products of plant origin and medicinal herbs with prudence.
We sought to examine the evidence regarding the use of herbal medicines and nutritional supplements in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, and to review the ocular adverse effects of herbal and nutritional agents of clinical importance to ophthalmologists. We performed a literature search of Ovid MEDLINE and selected websites including the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO).
There is strong evidence supporting the use of antioxidants and zinc in patients with certain forms of intermediate and advanced AMD. However, there has been growing evidence regarding potential significant adverse effects associated with the AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study) formula vitamins. Current data does not support the use of antioxidants or herbal medications in the prevention or treatment of cataracts, glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy.
It is important for providers to be aware of the benefits and the significant potential adverse effects that have been associated with nutritional supplements and herbal medications, and to properly inform their patients when making decisions about supplementation. Further rigorous evaluation of nutritional supplements and herbal medicines in the treatment of eye disease is needed to determine their safety and efficacy.
Chamomile is one of the most ancient medicinal herbs known to mankind. It is a member of Asteraceae/Compositae family and represented by two common varieties viz. German Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) and Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). The dried flowers of chamomile contain many terpenoids and flavonoids contributing to its medicinal properties. Chamomile preparations are commonly used for many human ailments such as hay fever, inflammation, muscle spasms, menstrual disorders, insomnia, ulcers, wounds, gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatic pain, and hemorrhoids. Essential oils of chamomile are used extensively in cosmetics and aromatherapy. Many different preparations of chamomile have been developed, the most popular of which is in the form of herbal tea consumed more than one million cups per day. In this review we describe the use of chamomile in traditional medicine with regard to evaluating its curative and preventive properties, highlight recent findings for its development as a therapeutic agent promoting human health.
The use of herbs in patients with allergic diseases is a special problem and still controversial. The objective of this questionnaire-based study was to determine the rate of herbal use in allergy clinic outpatients as well as to explore patient knowledge.
Patients with respiratory and/or skin disease, either atopic or non-atopic were assigned to a prospective questionnaire study conducted in allergy clinic outpatients.
Three hundred and ninety-five patients enrolled in the study. The mean age was 33.50+/-12.14 years. Participants generally had a high educational level (40.5% college and 39% university graduated). The rate of herbal use was 14.2%. All characteristics were similar within herbal user and non-user patients, except gender and age. The number of female patients who use herbal products was greater than for males (p=0.043). Herbal use was common in patients in their late thirties (p=0.024). Three main rationales for herbal use were revealed: (i) acting upon advice of someone (41.1%); (ii) the belief that "herbals are always more beneficial than chemicals" (37.5%); and (iii) the trust that "herbals are always safe" (21.4%). Most of the participants have "no idea" (41.5%) or are "not sure" (33.7%) about potential harmful effects of herbs to allergic people.
People will continue to use herbals for one reason or another. Allergists and clinical immunologists need to become more knowledgeable about herbal therapies so that they can inform patients about either the benefits or possible harmful effects of herbs.
It is known that patients with pollinosis may display clinical characteristics caused by allergy to certain fruits and vegetables, but subjects allergic to Artemisia seem to show particularly peculiar characteristics. The clinical features of 84 patients with rhinitis, asthma, urticaria, and/or anaphylaxis whose inhalant allergy was exclusively to Artemisia vulgaris were studied and compared with a control group of 50 patients monosensitized to grass pollen. The mean age for the beginning of symptoms was 30.2 years, and this was higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). We found the main incidence to be in women (70.2%). Some 42.3% had family history of atopia, lower than in the control group (P < 0.05), while the prevalence of asthma and urticaria was significantly higher (P < 0.05). Food hypersensitivity was reported by 23 patients (27.3%) allergic to Artemisia. The foods responsible (with respective numbers of cases) were honey (14), sunflower seeds (11), camomile (four), pistachio (three), hazelnut (two), lettuce (two), pollen (two), beer (two), almond (one), peanut (one), other nuts (one), carrot (one), and apple (one). None of the patients monosensitized to grass had food allergy. CAP inhibition experiments were carried out on a single patient. Results showed the existence of common antigenic epitopes in pistachio and Artemisia pollen for this patient. We concluded that mugwort hay fever can be associated with the Compositae family of foods, but that it is not normally associated with other foods.
Consumer use of alternative medicines in the United States is growing rapidly. Included in this phenomenon are herbal therapies instead of or as adjuncts with traditional medicine for perimenopausal and menopausal complaints. Of significant concern is the safety of these herbs. Since many women are using herbal therapies, clinicians must be knowledgeable about their use, quality, and safety. There are currently no government standards on the quality of herbal products in the United States, and some products are either unsafe or little is known scientifically about them. Selected herbal therapies touted in the lay press for common perimenopausal and menopausal complaints are examined, with advice on their use and safety based on scientific sources.
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