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Vaccination against immunopathological disease in schistosomiasis japonica
... This long-term program on schistosomiasis combined parasitology and public health in the Manila laboratory; immunology, immunogenetics, immunochemistry and molecular biology in Melbourne; and field studies in Irosin, Sorsogon, a Field Station having been constructed with funds from the Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Canberra (ADAB). 2 During this collaboration, the important concept of antiembryonation immunity was developed in Manila -ie disease amelioration in chronic schistosomiasis japonica results from embryocidal immune responses, reduced antigen production from the egg, and thus reduced granulomatous disease and liver pathology. We speculated that disease modulation had less to do with immune modulation and more to do with inhibition of production of antigens from the developing miracidium within the egg and lodged in tissues [1][2][3]. ...
... This long-term program on schistosomiasis combined parasitology and public health in the Manila laboratory; immunology, immunogenetics, immunochemistry and molecular biology in Melbourne; and field studies in Irosin, Sorsogon, a Field Station having been constructed with funds from the Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Canberra (ADAB). 2 During this collaboration, the important concept of antiembryonation immunity was developed in Manila -ie disease amelioration in chronic schistosomiasis japonica results from embryocidal immune responses, reduced antigen production from the egg, and thus reduced granulomatous disease and liver pathology. We speculated that disease modulation had less to do with immune modulation and more to do with inhibition of production of antigens from the developing miracidium within the egg and lodged in tissues [1][2][3]. 2 The long-term commitment by both parties to the Australian-Philippines collaborative venture came about not only because of the immediate productivity and rapport that developed, but also from a conversation with the Mayor of Irosin when we were negotiating access to land owned by a Dr Mateo to build the Field Station. Mayor Dorotan referred, in a very Philippine way, to the evils of what is commonly known as "safari research" -riding into town with much fanfare and quick talking, collecting samples and disappearing back to Manila and Melbourne! ...
... We speculated that disease modulation had less to do with immune modulation and more to do with inhibition of production of antigens from the developing miracidium within the egg and lodged in tissues [1][2][3]. 2 The long-term commitment by both parties to the Australian-Philippines collaborative venture came about not only because of the immediate productivity and rapport that developed, but also from a conversation with the Mayor of Irosin when we were negotiating access to land owned by a Dr Mateo to build the Field Station. Mayor Dorotan referred, in a very Philippine way, to the evils of what is commonly known as "safari research" -riding into town with much fanfare and quick talking, collecting samples and disappearing back to Manila and Melbourne! ...
As judged by widespread utility in protein production from recombinant Escherichia coli and by the magnitude of royalty payments to Melbourne’s Walter & Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), the expression vector pGEX, invented by Dr Donald Smith, has been a significant commercial success. It is based on the 26kDa glutathione S-transferase of Schisto-soma japonicum (Philippines) termed Sj26GST, that emerged from work throughout the 1980’s on resistance to infection in a peculiar mouse strain, WEHI 129/J. Sj26GST was the lead vaccine candidate for this human helminth worm being pursued in a long-term collaboration between WEHI in Australia and Dr Edito Garcia’s ¹ group at the College of Public Health, University of the Philippines in Manila that commenced in 1980.
The product, pGEX, is an excellent example of commercial spin-off from basic research in mouse model systems that indeed evolved into an applied research program but with a very different goal, namely rational molecular vaccine development.
BALB/c mice sensitized with injections of viable immature Schistosoma japonicum eggs had significantly fewer and smaller granulomas in the liver, lower portal pressure and smaller spleens at D + 75 of infection compared to similarly infected unsensitized controls. The portal pressure and spleen weights of the mice sensitized with immature eggs were not different from uninfected unsensitized mice of similar ages at D + 75 of infection. The results strongly support our hypothesis that it should be possible to prevent serious hepatosplenic disease in schistosomiasis japonica by vaccination to induce anti-embryonation immunity.
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