... The study aims to understand the motives of leading Icelandic MNCs within the given industries to engage in outward foreign direct investment. The case study offers an excellent opportunity to understand these issues (Yin, 2003). Moreover, a multi-case study improves generalizability compared with a pure singlecase study (Miles & Huberman, 1994). ...
... Moreover, a multi-case study improves generalizability compared with a pure singlecase study (Miles & Huberman, 1994). The literal replication method, building on earlier theories, improves robustness and allows generalization from the sample, although this generalization does not have statistical grounds (Saunders et al., 2003;Silverman, 2005;Yin, 2003). This " analytic generalization " tactic follows the recommendations of Eisenhardt ...
... (1989) and Yin (2003). In the literal replication method, the cases that all predict similar results will be chosen (Silverman, 2005: 127;Yin, 2003); that is, the case companies in this study were selected from typical examples, rather than randomly. In this type of purposive sampling method, the aim is for the cases to provide illustrative and rich data to focus on specific research questions/propositions (Saunders et al., 2003;Silverman, 2005). ...
•
Iceland is like a black hole in the study of FDI from the Nordic countries; there is a gap in the literature about FDI from
Iceland. This paper is the first empirical study that addresses the outward foreign direct investment of Icelandic firms.
The purpose is to demonstrate how Icelandic companies have invested abroad through foreign direct investments.
•
The overall objective of this paper is to describe the key characteristics of Icelandic multinational corporations (MNCs)
and to gain a deeper understanding of the internationalization processes of firms with a small domestic base.
•
Many Icelandic companies have been investing heavily abroad over the last six years. Some have acquired companies that are
relatively larger than themselves, at least in terms of the number of employees. The main motive for this increase in foreign
direct investments is access to a new market. The Icelandic market is simply not large enough for companies to be categorized
as medium or large companies in the global environment. What also supports this is that, as mentioned above, the outflow of
FDI from Iceland was very low in the last century.
... For this embedded case study of ASPIRE (Yin 2009), changes to the organization and its partner schools' praxis were examined over a period of 5 years by looking at the experiences and practices of the 17 partner high schools, as well as changes to the intermediary organization itself. The selection of ASPIRE as the focus of this study of longitudinal student voice work was informed by both practical and theoretical considerations. ...
... ASPIRE's meticulous documentation of their work since their founding provides a rich archive of documents and other artifacts to work with in analyzing their program and organizational history. Additionally, while the implementation of the ASPIRE program model may vary from school to school, the general features of groups such as size, age of students, and action-research goals, remain the same and thus are amenable to comparison and theory-building (Yin 2009). High schools participating in ASPIRE are all located in a largely rural, Northeastern state. ...
... Additionally, observation of a 1-week summer training for all ASPIRE school members was conducted, along with extensive document review of organizational materials, including strategic documents relating to the shortterm and long-term goals of the organization, curriculum and project guides that have been developed to support school-based group activities, as well as newsletters, social media posts, survey instruments, and data collected and analyzed by participating ASPIRE schools. In collecting these documents, attention was paid to achieving parity around the number and type of documents and artifacts that were collected from participating schools to avoid an unintentional confirmatory bias in the data that was culled from these (Yin 2009). ...
Youth self-determination has been shown to be key to supporting youth engagement in school. However, the latent custodial and sorting functions of schooling often interfere with reform efforts that seek to change the nature of the central relationship of schooling—that of teacher and student. While many studies exist of short-term reform efforts, few long-term efforts in the United States have successfully persisted. This study is a longitudinal, embedded case study of a network of high schools, supported by an intermediary organization, committed to elevating student voice. Through a critical examination of the rapid prototyping approach the intermediary organization credits with the long-terms success of its program, I trace the adaptations of student voice theory and practice that occurred across 17 schools over a period of 5 years. I find that key adaptations that buffered organizational pressures—most notably teacher resistance to student voice—also moved the initiative away from the equity-focus that it embraced in early iterations. These findings point to the significance of value clarity in counter-normative reforms committed to developmental change and the challenges of avoiding the trap of only enriching the experiences of the most advantaged students.
... Firstly, there is a very rare opportunity to find a research field concerning such thorough healthcare reform both on the macro (the region) and micro 33 (providers) levels. Secondly, and most importantly, by using built earlier theory is incising internal validity of the research (Yin, 1994). In our research it enables 35 to present more clearly the degree to which we developed the existing theory and deepen the understanding of the nature of hybridity compared to extant literature. ...
... In our research it enables 35 to present more clearly the degree to which we developed the existing theory and deepen the understanding of the nature of hybridity compared to extant literature. These papers were chosen also due to their high research rigour that we 39 assessed according to four criteria fundamental for case study research (Eisenhardt, 1989b;Gibbert & Ruigrok, 2010;Tsang, 2014;Yin, 1994): con-41 struct validity, internal validity, external validity, and reliability. In the first paper, case study construct validity was ensured by triangulation based on 43 three categories of written materials: documents and news releases prepared by field-level actors; transcribed recordings of debate on healthcare in the Alberta -1 Legislative Assembly; and local newspaper articles all materials create large dataset consisting of a total of 2890 pages of text (Reay & Hinings, 2005, 3 p. ...
The research aim of this chapter is to understand how different institutional logics affect the day-to-day activities of healthcare providers and whether the cohabitation of professional logics with business-like logics increases medical providers’ effectiveness and gives chance to constrain healthcare costs. This research is based on longitudinal case study about the restructuring of the Canadian healthcare system in Alberta in 1992–2008, described in two papers (Reay & Hinings, 2005, 2009). We identify the situation after encroachment of a new, business-like logic into a healthcare system as more complex than described in the extant literature. We challenge the findings of the case study authors that there are two cohabitating logics in healthcare: the business-like logic supported by the government and the logic of medical professionalism. From our research it appears that there are two other logics: a managerial logic derived from business-like logic, and a hybrid professional logic that is a modification of the logic of medical professionalism. Across the healthcare field in general, business-like logic has been competing with the logic of medical professionalism, but on the medical providers’ level these logics become uncoupled. Within a medical provider, on the external, symbolic layer, physicians follow their professional logic and managers show conformity with governmental principles. But on the backstage layer, where the day-to-day work is actually performed, these two logics are subject to modification, creating a space for compromise and cooperation, leading to a growth of the number of unnecessary medical services preventing cost containments in healthcare.
... In addition, multiple case studies provide a stronger base for the development of an HRM framework 13,1,24 . Multiple case studies were chosen because here, other than the background problem, nothing was known with regards to the situation with the exception of the Listed Bangladeshi manufacturing companies. ...
... The study replicates these methods for all the cases and identified common themes to do coding, thematic analysis; cross-case analysis for the development of the new HRM framework has affirmed that the multiple case studies utilize the logic of replication, where the procedures are replicated for each case. The multiple case studies approach follows an analytical strategy to identify issues; find and finalize the common themes 26,24 . This approach has a typical format for each case description called 'within case analysis' followed by a thematic analysis across the cases called a 'cross-case analysis' , with assertions or interpretations of the meaning of each case and has quite a rich context 25,6 . ...
... A case study method was used to gain an in-depth understanding of Afro-Brazilians self-identity and efficacy as it relates to their own literacy development and instructional practices. This methodology allows for intensive, holistic, and meaningful description and analysis of the instructional routines and processes of teachers within the real-life context of their work (Merriam, 2002;Yin, 2003). Case studies are a valuable tool that allows for collection of evidence from multiple sources. ...
... This study employed a phenomenological analysis of narratives from seven Afro-Brazilian teachers. This methodology allows for a deeper understanding of Afro-Brazilian teachers' beliefs, knowledge, and instructional practices as it relates to critical pedagogy within the real-life context (Merriam, 2002;Yin, 2003). Furthermore, each teacher's experiences illustrate how intensive immersion within teachers' schools and communities facilitated rich description of how self-identity impacted their instructional decision making over a period of time (Patton, 2001;Miles & Huberman, 1994). ...
... For this purpose, a descriptive statistical, trend analysis and correlation were chosen. Third, the empirical patterns and trends are explorer further to the identified potential contextual and qualitative reasons for the findings in the empirical analysis [15][16][17][18] (section 5, deep dive empirical analysis). For this descriptive deep dive analysis, scatter-plots and histograms were chosen to illustrate existence or non-existence of correlations. ...
... Running a year-on-year Spearman nonparametric correlation test on 12 Baltic, Nordic, Central and Western European countries in 2008 and 2013, past analysis confirms the existence of a positive relationship between the frequency of use and the likelihood of buying internet access for home. In fact, the Spearmen test was found to be persistent yearon-year, and to become statistically more significant over time as [18], [19]. While the correlation coefficient does not convey about the causation of the access to use conundrum, it signals that better access would be pre-requisites for further usages to say the least. ...
As part of a larger study, this research paper answer two key research questions: How are we performing better in bridging the digital divide? What are the trends and most influential factors in digital divide? To answer these two questions, the paper uses ITU data for 209 countries between 2010 and 2015. The descriptive statistics show that the key reason for the persistent digital divide seen between regions, countries and socio-economic groups is a financial one! A deep dive correlation analysis finds direct causation between the variable tested, i.e. physical access to the internet (i.e. input factor) and use of internet and internet-based services (i.e. output factor). Mobile infrastructure is found to initially provide better value and faster roll-out of physical access to internet infrastructure, but may not be a long-term solution as the actual use of Internet-based services will lead to increased demand for high-quality bandwidth. The relative cost of internet access is a key challenge to bridge the digital divide between lower income and high-income countries. By comparison, there is only a limited digital divide between low- and high-income groups and rural and urban areas in high-income countries. Findings indicate that once roughly half of a population has physical access to the internet, actual use of Internet-based services reach a tipping point and will automatically increase, thus lending support to Technology Acceptance Models.
... Con base en el marco teórico, se consideró pertinente la metodología cualitativa para llevar a cabo la investigación, ya que dicha metodología permite profundizar en el análisis de los sitios web de cada una de las empresas que ofrece servicios gastronómicos, gracias a que se fundamenta en una realidad dinámica y tiene como finalidad explorar, descubrir y aportar nuevos conocimientos (Tamayo, 2014). Dentro de la metodología cualitativa, se consideró al estudio de casos como método de investigación, ya que parte de la utilización de categorías conceptuales para el desarrollo de la investigación, así como el análisis de la realidad social para su abordaje (Yin, 1994). ...
... Una vez considerados la metodología y el método, se llevó a cabo la selección de la muestra a partir de un muestreo intencional o basado en criterios. Lo anterior, debido a que se eligen una serie de criterios que se consideran necesarios o altamente convenientes, para tener una unidad de análisis con las mayores ventajas para los fines que persigue la investigación(Martínez, 2006).Cabe señalar, que más que priorizar el número correcto o la selección al azar, se procura recoger la información más relevante(Ruiz, 2011).Respecto a las unidades de análisis, la literatura no establece el número ideal de casos ni el criterio de selección, sin embargo, es importante elegir más de un estudio de caso, ya que de esta manera se permite abonar mayormente a la investigación(Yin, 1994). En ese sentido, se eligieron para el análisis cinco restaurantes en México y cinco en Colombia. ...
OBJETIVO: Analizar y evaluar sitios web gastronómicos en restaurantes de México y Colombia, con la finalidad de emitir recomendaciones a empresarios. Lo anterior, debido a que existen escasos estudios para América Latina, así como el desconocimiento y la falta de calidad de estrategias digitales para dicho sector.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: El marketing relacional busca el mejoramiento de los servicios a partir de identificar áreas de oportunidad. Se consideró la metodología cualitativa y el estudio de casos como método de investigación, a partir de realizar un check list como herramienta de evaluación.
RESULTADOS: Los aspectos positivos de ambos países, fueron los referentes al diseño general, identidad e información, lenguaje y redacción, rotulado, estructura, lay-out de la página, elementos multimedia y accesibilidad; sin embargo, se observaron áreas de oportunidad respecto a la navegación, búsqueda, ayuda, control, retroalimentación, aclaraciones e información sobre la protección de datos.
CONCLUSIÓN: Las empresas gastronómicas deberán atender sus áreas de oportunidad, a partir de la evaluación constante de las variables estudiadas, no sólo de manera cualitativa sino cuantitativa, con la finalidad de conocer las necesidades del cliente y adaptarse de manera eficiente al mismo.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Evaluación. Sitios web gastronómicos. Marketing relacional. Check list.
... The case was studied using eleven in-depth semi-structured interviews and a document study. A case study is suitable for research questions seeking to explain how or why asocial phenomenon works (Yin 2014).Therefore, the case study is an appropriate method to address the research questions. The studied case is presented in Table 1. ...
... To achieve quality and credibility in the research, a summary of the interview was sent to the informants for reviewing. After the interviews, documents provided by interviewees were studied to achieve data triangulation (Yin 2014).The data were hand-coded and analyzed hand-in-hand with the data collection, and findings were written up based on the description of Creswell (2013). ...
... This study uses comparative case study method (Yin, 1994 ) to explore the applicability of theories of immigrant integration to the experiences of unaccompanied youth who have received post-release services. According to Yin (1994) , a case study is a form of empirical inquiry that " investigates a contemporary phenomenon in depth and within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident " (p. ...
... This study uses comparative case study method (Yin, 1994 ) to explore the applicability of theories of immigrant integration to the experiences of unaccompanied youth who have received post-release services. According to Yin (1994) , a case study is a form of empirical inquiry that " investigates a contemporary phenomenon in depth and within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident " (p. 18). ...
... Naučna literatura koja se bavi tematikom kvalitativnih istraživanja u menadžmentu, kao i analizom TEHNIKA -MENADŽMENT 68 (2018) 3 podataka, sadrži veliki broj tehnika koje su namenjene lakšem prikazivanju rezultata istraživanja, poput matrica i grafova [11]. Poželjno je da se istraživači pre nego što otpočnu sa kreiranjem izveštaja o rezultatima svog kvalitativnog istraživanja upoznaju sa izveštajima o rezultatima sličnih istraživanja koji im stoje na raspolaganju. ...
... Kod kvalitativnih istraživanja istraživači predstavljaju najznačajniji instrument, pri čemu interpretacija prikupljenih podataka uvek zavisi i od njihove intuicije. Uprkos tome što se često smatra da intuicija istraživača ima negativan uticaj na kvalitet dobijenih rezultata, praksa pokazala da istraživači koji imaju dobru intuiciju (na brz način obrađuju i sintetizuju podatke i donose zaključke), ispoljavaju, po pravilu, pozitivan efekat na kvalitet rezultata dobijenih uz pomoć kvalitativnih istraživanja [11]. ...
... The case study approach was chosen to explore IC within bilingual education. A case study method is an appropriate tool to seek an understanding of the current phenomenon within a natural setting when boundaries between the phenomenon and contexts are not obviously defined and require further in-depth study (Yin, 2009). IC within bilingual programs is a complex phenomenon due to many higher education institutions implementing such programs. ...
... All transcripts were sent back to the participants for their verification of content and meaning. This process assisted the credibility of the findings (Yin, 2009). These participants were purposively chosen because they were representative of lecturers who taught in bilingual programs. ...
Most studies of intercultural competence in bilingual programs have been conducted in non-Asian contexts resulting in little information on how Indonesian educators promote intercultural values within bilingual programs. This research contributes to the body of literature that examines the promotion of intercultural values within bilingual higher education in Indonesia. It focuses on lecturers’ perceptions of their strategies to teach and promote intercultural values in Indonesian higher education institutions (IHEIs). Data collection employed in-depth semi-structure interviews of eight lecturers that teach in three different programs: Math; Economic and Political Science bilingual programs. The findings of this study show that intercultural competent components include open-minded attitudes, reciprocal interaction, and respecting differences. In addition, two important strategies to promote intercultural competence are in-country programs and international intercultural programs. This study has implications for the success of similar programs and the ways to gain intercultural competence within higher education contexts.
... Action research is particularly relevant when producing guidelines for best practice (Sein et al., 2011). Yin (2009) defines the case study research method as "an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context; when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident; and in which multiple sources of evidence are used". ...
... The goal of the research was to understand how context could be studied within living lab research projects. Because testing a new framework should be done iteratively to come to a middle-range, theory-like approacha theorizing approach aimed an integrating theory and empirical data -a case study is an appropriate research tool for exploring key variables and their relationships (Eisenhardt, 1989;Yin, 2009). The purpose of the project was to develop an application that can assist employees in developing and maintaining soft skills such as empowerment after receiving coaching. ...
The maturity of living labs has grown over the years and researchers have developed a uniform definition by emphasizing the multi-method and real-life, contextual approach. The latter predominantly focuses on the in situ use of a product during field trials where users are observed in their everyday life. Researchers thus recognize the importance of context in living labs, but do not provide adequate insights into how context can be taken into consideration. Therefore, the contribution of this article is twofold. By means of a case study, we show how field trials can be evaluated in a more structural way to cover all dimensions of context and how this same framework can be used to evaluate context in the front end of design. This framework implies that living lab researchers are no longer dependent on the technological readiness level of a product to evaluate all dimensions of context. By using the proposed framework, living lab researchers can improve the overall effectiveness of methods used to gather and analyze data in a living lab project.
... Further, processes that continue over time and might have had different starting points, such as development processes , can be examined in detail with this approach. Interconnections between processes also can be considered (Yin, 2003). The study of multiple cases should provide an insight into the diverse shapes and characteristics of one examined phenomenon and permit us to deduct robust conclusions (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin, 2003).In this article, five cases are analyzed. ...
... Interconnections between processes also can be considered (Yin, 2003). The study of multiple cases should provide an insight into the diverse shapes and characteristics of one examined phenomenon and permit us to deduct robust conclusions (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin, 2003).In this article, five cases are analyzed. The sources of information for making up the cases vary between personal interviews (Case 1 and Case 2), literature research (Case 3 and Case 4), and data from a university research project (Case 5). ...
This article focuses on the interaction between the development of technology and service
innovation. It goes “back to the basics” by analyzing the first theoretical contributions to
the service innovation literature from the late 1980s. These contributions were heavily
technologically oriented: they aimed at bringing the results of technological innovation to
the realm of services. More specifically, we focus on the model of “reverse innovation cycle”
on one hand, and on the first innovation-specific categorization of services on the other.
The latter introduced the division into supplier-dominated, production-intensive/scale-
intensive, and science-based services. Our purpose is to examine in which ways these
theoretical approaches could promote our understanding about the new phenomena of
technology-service interaction in innovation. In the second part of the article, we apply
these approaches in five case studies that originate from different service industries and
that differ in size and technologies. The findings of the analysis demonstrate that the
applicability of the approaches to the case studies depends on several factors including the
kind of technology involved in the innovation activities, the stage of development of this
technology, and the type of service.
... The study design was qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive-interpretative and was based on a case study of four healthcare networks. The case study has been designed to provide extensive information about access to care in the managed competition model in Colombia, on the basis of individual cases (Depoy and Gitlin, 1994;Yin, 1994). ...
Background:
Managed competition has underpinned most health sector reforms aimed at improving access and efficiency, in Latin America and other countries. The aim of the paper is to analyse barriers to healthcare that emerge from the introduction of managed care mechanisms in Colombia.
Methods:
Qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive-interpretative research was carried out on the basis of case studies of four healthcare networks, comprised of insurers and their providers. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with a theoretical sample of informants (managers, professionals, and users), between 24 and 61 per network. The final sample size was reached by saturation of information. An inductive thematic content analysis was conducted. The study areas were two municipalities of Colombia, in which most of the population live in poverty.
Results:
A number of managed care mechanisms that act as barriers to access were identified by all informants, regardless of area and type of insurance regime. These mechanisms act directly on the patient (authorizations, fragmented insurance) or on the providers (purchasing mechanisms or limits to medical practice). The predominant mechanism appears to be related to the type of agreement established between insurers and providers. The reason for these barriers, according to informants, is insurers' search for profitability. As a consequence, there is delay in or no access to adequate treatment. This is particularly evident in secondary care.
Conclusion:
A variety of managed care strategies that effectively hinder access to healthcare have been introduced by insurers, casting doubt on the usefulness of their application in low-income countries and profit-making contexts.
... Research could be quantitative, qualitative or a combination of both. The best method depends on the research objective and purpose a particular research is aiming to address [1,49,50]. In the present research, the quantitative approach has been selected whereby, the data will be collected through using the questionnaire technique. ...
Large numbers of dissatisfying systems users, organizations and higher rate of systems failure is still a problem. In targeting this failure, measure of systems success categorized as a solution to increase the rate of success in future systems initiatives. Success measure of systems is an important part of software's engineering and information systems engineering to improve systems performance. However, studies showed a lack of research done on systems success evaluation in the universities of world, Arab region and Yemeni as special. Systems especially the web-based faces high rate of failure in Arab region, it was observed that many funded system projects failed, it was also, noted that in Yemen systems were completed and implemented without success measuring. Data analysis and interpretation for the web based information systems (WIS) success framework related to higher education can be taken as a latest phenomenon for the incorporation of theories of TAM, DM 2003 and software engineering ISO 25010. Moreover, this is also responsive and effective for assessing computer anxiety and management support aspects to explain satisfaction, loyalty and net impact. The present study is enthusiastic to outline the need for highlighting student perspective where exists dearth of research in this regard and dire need for engineering framework that works as a tool for organizations to success measure of their systems. Though, prior scholarly work has outlined significant role and importance of designing quality university WIS framework from the aspect of WIS developers not from the side of users. Henceforth, the present study aims to strive for highlighting the perception of users (students) regarding to universities WIS.
... The first tier is at the national level to observe patterns of SUF co-management across at the national level. The second tier focuses on contrasting case studies, designed to draw out diverse local contexts and conditions while allowing for comparison [41]. We divide the research into these two tiers in order to draw out patterns which can be generalized by reflecting on their relevance and similarity to the theoretically abstracted notions of co-management networks. ...
The Vietnamese government has introduced co-management in its national system of special-use forests (SUFs) to improve the effectiveness of nature and biodiversity conservation. One of the major challenges is to allow flexibility and local adaptability of co-management coordinated by SUF management boards within the overall still-rigid structure of vertical state networks. Using a critical institutional perspective, this paper examines the influence of the vertical and horizontal linkages that underline the form and function of SUF co-management. Data is presented from a nationwide survey of 113 SUFs, 22 random in-depth interviews, and four in-depth case studies of SUFs. The results show that the success of co-management in centralized states like Vietnam depends on the greater devolution of allocative power from central to district governments to facilitate horizontal networked collaboration with local communities. Yet the results also indicate that the central state maintains an important role in setting the conditions that allow for the success of these networked collaborations. Based on these findings the conclusions reflect on the need to further develop a critical institutional approach for understanding the purpose, interests, and resources of co-management in the context of centralized states.
... Formative research follows a case study approach as outlined by Yin (1984). Specifically, the design is typically a holistic single case-one application of the theory. ...
... A case study analysis technique was adopted whereby the ideas were examined across-case ( Yin, 1994) in search for convergence and/or divergence, and patterns and evidence for conceptualization of practice. This process of making sense of the data ( Patton, 2002) helped the researcher pinpoint the teachers' lines of arguments, beliefs, and attitudes while remaining sensitive to any arising diverse positions. ...
Developing countries lacking capabilities, funds and human resources are compelled to improve the digital literacy rates of their task force through educational initiatives. This is the case of Tunisia where a stand-alone in-service teacher education (Ted) initiative was implemented in 2014 and 2015. The aim of this project, the Tech Age Teacher Project (TATP), was to equip teachers in Tunisia with the technology skills for teaching so that they can dispense teaching of a 21st-century education quality. Five English language teachers, who benefitted from this initiative, are the focus of this study. The aim was to explore whether and how they are making the transition into the technologically-challenged schools. Analysis of the TATP documents, data is collected through a short teacher questionnaire and a semi-structured interview during which teachers give their personal accounts as TAT trainees and their attempts to apply the ideas in real school settings. Results indicated that teachers showed great dedication toward implementing the ideas/skills received in the training and that they strove, as technology-capable teachers, to integrate technology in their day-today practice despite the constraints they faced in the schools. Their accounts reveal their rationale and motives for using technology with their students and the strategies they employ to circumvent obstacles, but also show that their success in integrating technology remains restricted by issues of infrastructure, barred access to a technology space, learners' "playful" attitudes, etc. The findings highlight these teachers' resourcefulness and sense of mission as to transforming their learners' learning experience and changing their attitudes towards technology use and to fostering 21st-century education learning goals. The paper concludes with recommendations for future initiatives to (re)design and (re)orient the goals of the initiative towards supporting these teachers' learning processes as they make the transition as technology-capable teachers into the technology-challenged schools. Recommendations are made for the emerging professional community of technology-capable teachers to build a networked community of practice likely to foster these teachers' reconstruction of their professional knowledge and skills and to facilitate the dissemination of ideas on the integration of technology in education.
... A combination of data collection methods provides a way to gain in depth insights and adequately reliable statistics. The mixed methods approach allows researchers to address more complicated research questions and achieve higher reliability and validity for the research [44]. Patton noted that using more than one data collection instrument strengthens and gives credibility to the study [45]. ...
This study investigates hotel maintenance management practices and the barriers in implementing these practices
from maintenance managers’ viewpoint in the Egyptian 5-star hotels. The study used the comprehensive sample. A total
of 160 questionnaires were distributed to the maintenance mangers in the Egyptian 5-star hotels. The results indicated
that the practices of ‘maintenance management plan’ and ‘maintenance management team’ play the most significant
role in influencing their maintenance efficiency. The results also indicate that ‘Insufficient fund for maintenance job’ and
‘Lack of skilled personnel in maintenance departments’ are the major barriers responsible for the poor implementation of
maintenance management. This study provides guidance and references for better building maintenance management
system for Egyptian hotels. It would enable the hotel operators to achieve better maintenance efficiency through various
strategies and practices.
... This multiple case study (e.g. Yin, 2003) focuses on three special educators and the respective teacher communities of their main schools. The three special educators are represented according to the following codes: special educator A (SEA), special educator B (SEB) and special educator C (SEC). ...
This article explores the networking roles and practices of special educators with the
methods of social network analysis. This multiple case study included three special
educators in a Finnish part-time special education context. The results revealed that
although the special educators had central positions in the formal teacher communities
as knowledge sources and collaborators, they were at the periphery of the informal
teacher communities. Moreover, the special educators’ networking practices involved
activating various outside professional relationships that provided expert resources
needed in their profession. It was concluded that the special educators may be
characterized as relational experts who, according to our evidence, work in the
boundary zones between school communities and other organizations and have
hybridized special education-related professional networks.
... This study employed case study methodology as it investigated a particular real-life phenomenon in depth within its real life context (Yin, 2009) by using multiple data sources (Gerring, 2006). The present study was designed to be explanatory-interpretive (Grotjahn, 1987) which yielded qualitative data and therefore required interpretive analysis (Nunan, 1992;Mohd Ali, 2004). ...
This paper reports the findings of an evaluation study on technical oral presentation and its potential application in English language courses for engineering undergraduates setting. The main aim is to delineate difficulties and challenges faced by engineering undergraduates in learning Technical Oral Presentation (TOP) skills in an English proficiency course. The participants were 310 engineering undergraduates who enrolled in the English for Technical Communication (ETC) course and nine instructors. Various difficulties and challenges faced by the engineering undergraduates to learn the TOP skills were identified and input from instructors were also examined. Suggestions to address the challenges faced by the students were highlighted with the view to preparing them for their future engineering workplace communication.
... The researcher used content validity index (CVI) attributed to Martuza (1977) cited by Polit & Bech, (2014) to calculate content validity. The content validity index was 0.808, which exceeds 0.7 as suggested by Yin (2013). The data was presented using frequency distribution tables summarizing the frequency and percentage of occurrences of values under study. ...
This study sought to explore the how cash management effects organizational profitability in Gumutindo Coffee Cooperative Enterprise Limited (GCCE), Mbale District Uganda. Using a case study design, the study tested the hypothesis: Cash Management has a significant positive effect on organizational profitability. The study adopted both probability and non-probability sampling techniques and data was collect from a sample of 181 employees of the company. The study revealed that cash management positively affected organizational profitability with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.411. The adjusted R 2 was 0.164 implying that 16.4% of changes in GCCE profitability are accounted for by cash management. It was recommended that the whole management team and the finance manager in particular need to enforce adherence to the cash policy put into place to guide and control cash management.
... We employed a qualitative approach to address the four stated questions. We believe that a qualitative research approach is relevant to utilise in this study because the phenomenon being studied is not easily distinguished from the context in which it is observed (Yin 2013). Using an explorative case study, we intend to unravel complex perceptions and issues relating to the use of Kahoot! in the context of students' engagement, motivation and learning. ...
Technology is being increasingly integrated into teaching environments in view of enhancing students’ engagement and motivation. In particular, game-based student response systems have been found to foster students’ engagement, enhance classroom dynamics and improve overall students’ learning experience. This article presents outcomes of research that examined students’ experience using a game-based student response system, Kahoot!, in an Information Systems Strategy and Governance course at a research-intensive teaching university in New Zealand. We conducted semi-structured interviews with students to learn about the extent to which Kahoot! influence classroom dynamics, motivation and students’ learning process. Key findings revealed that Kahoot! enriched the quality of student learning in the classroom, with the highest influence reported on classroom dynamics, engagement, motivation and improved learning experience. Our findings also suggest that the use of educational games in the classroom is likely to minimise distractions, thereby improving the quality of teaching and learning beyond what is provided in conventional classrooms. Other factors that contributed to students’ enhanced learning included the creation and integration of appropriate content in Kahoot!, providing students with timely feedback, and game-play (gamification) strategies.
... We did not have a particular comparative strategy (Eisenhardt, 1989) in mind at the start of this study; rather, we were mainly interested in identifying patterns across several cases (Yin, 2013). Our aim was to generate some empirical breadth and variety-for instance, in terms of project size, project type, project duration, project location, and project funding-that would help explain our findings. ...
In projects, various kinds of formal and informal institutions are crucial for imprinting and controlling behavior. The interplay and potential conflict between these two types of institutions have attracted increasing scholarly and managerial attention, but conventional institutional analyses are hampered by the lack of effective methodological instruments for understanding these institutions and examining their fit (or misfit). Underpinned by the theoretical argument that institutions governing projects are networks, this study employs the methodology of social network analysis (SNA) to capture and analyze institutional interplay. We use four construction projects to illustrate the interplay between formal and informal institutions in projects and to show how this interplay affects project performance. Our findings reveal that, in general, performance is better when there is a better fit—which indicates the extent of interplay—between a project’s formal and informal guiding institutions. We also show how project managers can use SNA to diagnose formal and informal institutions, enhancing their fit and thereby improving project performance. The results presented here have implications for the role of these two institutional types and for how the fit between them can be improved through conscious effort.
... The literature review followed an approach as outlined by Denzin and Lincoln (1994), and Blumberg et al. (2011). A case study approach with the use of interviews as the main source of collecting data was chosen (Blumberg et al. 2011;Yin 2013). The use of semi-structured interviews as prescribed by Creswell and Poth (2017) was considered convenient. ...
... Three social housing refurbishment projects were followed for12, 8 and 8 weeks respectively. A multiple case study approach with the use of multiple methods was used to obtain higher reliability and validity in the collected data (Yin 2009). The use of multiple methods was applied to achieve a qualitative contextual understanding combined with an in-depth knowledge of the construction work observed. ...
Refurbishment projects have shown declining productivity in the lastdecades. At the same time,refurbishment activity is increasing rapidly worldwideto achieve a more sustainable built environment. Thus, understanding reasons for the low productivity is a key aspect to reach environmental as well as economical sustainability.The aim of this research has been to identify Making-Do in refurbishment projects and the reasons behind it.A case study research approach has been used to collect data by actively participating in weekly Last Planner System meetings, observing work in progress on-siteonthree projects and conducting work sampling studies onsixtrades.The research showed that Making-Do is highly likely to be both the prevailing and lead waste form in all of the three cases, and that insufficient management of production was the main cause. This was found by firstly identifying an overlap betweenknown impacts of Making-Do from literature and the most occurring negative impacts observedin the cases.Secondly,finding that talking generally contained the biggest potential for being reduced and that this potential had an apparent correlation with Making-Do. This research is an important step towards understanding Making-Do in refurbishment projects and how to detect and reduce lead waste in refurbishment, and to improve construction productivity.
... This paper presents anexploratory study which is part of an ongoing PhD research on the dynamics of early design collaboration. A case study approach was adopted, in which an in depth empirical inquiry was conducted on a contemporary phenomenon in a real-world context (Yin 2014). By focusing on understanding the dynamics presented within a setting, a case study provides a description of the phenomenon that can support the test and generation of theory (Eisenhardt 1989). ...
Early Design Collaboration in construction projects can be hampered by misunderstandings between team members. Consequently, design actions are not supported by all, causing delays and frustration. This paper presents a study aiming to capture (a) misunderstandings between participants at early design stages, and (b) how these individuals resolved such misunderstandings through shared understanding. Anexploratory case study was conducted to investigate collaborative interactions of a Design Team, in an Architecture Office in San Francisco (USA). Data was collected during a concept design charrette focused at the building envelope of a Medical Office Building. Results from Protocol Analysis revealed misunderstandings emerging through independent actions and wrong assumptions among the participants, which triggered breakdowns in communication and the use of metaphors to construct shared understanding. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to explain the dynamics of shared understanding in early design stages, which could be used to help design teams to map, reflect about and improve their collaborative interactions.
... O método empregado foi de um estudo de caso, pois se pesquisou um fenômeno social dentro do seu próprio contexto de vida, explorando múltiplas fontes de evidências (Yin, 2009). O estudo de caso mostrou-se uma estratégia apropriada por tratar-se de investigação empírica caracterizada como pesquisa naturalística e por reunir grande quantidade de informações, dados e evidências, ampliando a confiabilidade e validade dos achados (Martins, 2008). ...
A inclusão social vem sendo mais discutida na sociedade e a literatura PSI aponta crescente atuação das empresas em programas voltados a essa temática. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o Projeto Embaixadores da Alegria, que usa o Carnaval como instrumento de inclusão social. A pesquisa multimétodo (pesquisa documental, questionário e entrevistas) contemplou 538 pessoas, incluindo beneficiários, familiares, membros da comunidade, gestores, financiadores e executores do Projeto. O delineamento foi de um quase-experimento que verificou se a participação no programa aumentava a percepção de inclusão social. Os resultados do teste permitem concluir que o Projeto atende apenas parcialmente aos seus objetivos, pois não houve diferenças significativas em relação à favorabilidade à inclusão escolar entre grupo de tratamento e grupo controle. De forma complementar, na análise de conteúdo, foram identificadas cinco categorias relacionadas a aspectos processuais e de resultados do projeto, a saber: (i) participação da família; (ii) formas de comunicação; (iii) mobilidade; (iv) trabalho e geração de renda; e (v) inclusão social. Os achados da pesquisa foram debatidos a partir do referencial teórico. São feitas recomendações para o Projeto e sugestões de novos estudos.
... In this section, we report the threats to validity, applying the structure suggested by Yin [1]. We identified and how we mitigated them based on SMS guidelines [2][3][4][5]. ...
Communication plays an important role in Agile Software Development (ASD). In each ASD practice (e.g., stand-up or retrospective meetings), different communication practices and channels are adopted by different companies. Several works have analyzed the impact of communication channels and practices. However, there are no secondary studies summarizing their impact on ASD. This study presents a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) that aggregates, summarizes, and discusses the results of 25 relevant primary studies concerning the impact of communication channels and practices in ASD. We followed the well-known systematic mapping methodology in software engineering and analyzed empirical studies published before the end of June 2018. The results of our study have yielded several strategies that can be adopted by practitioners. Communication practices are context dependent. In the case of a distributed team, blended usage of rich-media communication tools, such as shared mind-map tools, videoconferencing, and promoting the exchange of team members between teams, is beneficial. In conclusion, communication can be expensive if teams do not apply the right strategies. Future research direction is to understand how to maximize product quality while reducing communication cost and how to identify the most beneficial communication strategy for the different stages of ASD.
... We chose a case-study research approach because as Flyvbjerg describes: "The advantage of the case study is that it can "close in" on real-life situations and test views directly in relation to phenomena as they unfold in practice" (Flyvbjerg 2006 p. 235). A case study approach was appropriate to our investigation because this research method is fitted to answer open-ended research question like the one stated in our problem formulation (Yin 1994). ...
... Case selection and methodology A single case study method was chosen as the method for the study. A case study approach is the most suitable in situations where the main research questions are depictive (Yin, 2014). A case study is also known as a method where data triangulation is often used to increase the quality of the study. ...
The circular economy concept is a novel economic model aiming to foster sustainable
economic growth, boost global competitiveness, and generate new jobs. In order to make
the circular economy mainstream, radical and systemic innovation is needed. Currently,
a majority of the business modelling tools and methods lack at least some of the identified
and needed elements for innovating business models in a circular economy. In this
article, we build a framework for sustainable circular business model innovation by
adding important perspectives: recognizing trends and drivers at the ecosystem level; understanding
value to partners and stakeholders within a business; and evaluating the impact
of sustainability and circularity. We present the results of a case study with a startup
company, which was designed to test the framework and provide a concrete example of
its usage and future development needs.
... The framework for the design and management of KIBS engagements presented in the following section was derived from the results of this research. Specifically, this research followed the explanation-building strategy of case study research, where tentative hypotheses generated from data in a single case can are revised through their application to successive cases (Yin, 1994). In each case study, key www.timreview.ca ...
Knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) such as IT development, IT outsourcing, and research and development (R&D) services have become a key component of most industrialized economies; they have been identified as an important source of employment growth in many countries and help improve the performance of firms belonging to most other sectors. KIBS have been discussed in innovation-related literature for over 15 years, with the assumption that models of innovation developed for manufacturing firms were not appropriate for them. This body of literature has also helped to identify the key characteristics and types of KIBS. However, although some empirical studies have investigated KIBS at the level of management – for example, how to manage customers’ co-production processes – there has not been much research on how to successfully establish and manage engagements among KIBS providers, clients, and other collaborators. Moreover, informal conversations with KIBS professionals show that these activities are often approached in an ad hoc manner. Yet, given the importance of KIBS, taking a more systematic approach to their design and management could improve the contribution of knowledge-intensive business service activities to our economy.
This article proposes a framework for the design and management of KIBS engagements. The framework has been developed from a multiple-case study of academic R&D service engagements, as one type of KIBS engagement. It consists of a set of information to be gathered and questions to be asked by professionals responsible for establishing, monitoring, and managing KIBS engagements. The information and questions are articulated around two key processes of collaborative value creation (or value co-creation) in KIBS engagements: i) the alignment of actors’ interests, value propositions, and resources, and ii) the actors’ ability to integrate the engagement’s deliverables and outcomes as a basis for their perception of the engagement’s value. Using this framework could help to establish more successful collaborations among KIBS providers, clients, and partners; it should also help to monitor the performance of a given KIBS engagement in terms of its collaborative processes, deliverables, and outcomes from the varied perspectives of participating parties. Although the framework accounts for these different and sometimes conflicting perspectives, it is intended to be used by KIBS provider firms whose success depends at least in part from their ability to manage collaborative relationships.
http://timreview.ca/article/811
... We chose the multiple case study method for its capacity , in a qualitative approach, to identify the effects of a phenomenon where the researchers have little control over the studied events; moreover, the multiple case study approach allows us to consider the phenomenon in recurrent situations (Collerette, 1997; Stake, 1994; Yin, 1984). Two regions were selected as cases, according to the need identified by our political and professional partners (i.e., local development agencies and the regional company association). ...
Despite the presence of a regional innovation system, the gross value added attributed to tourism in the Swiss region of Valais is declining. Innovation policies fostering private initiatives and collaboration between companies, researchers, and coaching services have been reinforced recently, and policy instruments are in place to support strategic industries. However, no incitement instrument is dedicated to supporting the co-creation and the creation of shared value through local actors. This article presents a co-creation process of shared value and the lessons learned while implementing a new mode of innovation and entrepreneurship in two case studies in the peripheral region of Valais, Switzerland. The aim of the process is the co-creation of shared value-based business models, with an emphasis on the use of crowdsourcing to find new ways to create shared value.
... As typical in qualitative research, the data analysis consisted of multiple iterative and overlapping phases (Yin, 1994). In the first phase, open coding of the interviews was carried out in order to identify important issues relating to mobility solutions in the sharing economy. ...
The sharing economy is an emerging phenomenon that shapes the cultural, economic, and social landscape of our modern world. With variations of the concept of the sharing economy emerging in so many fields, the area of shared mobility – the shared use of a motor vehicle, bicycle, or other mode that enables travellers to gain short-term access to transportation modes on an on-demand basis – has developed as the forerunner of the transformation to be expected in other areas. This article examines how the sphere of personal mobility has been affected by the growth of sharing economy. It contributes to the growing body of shared mobility literature by uncovering innovative mobility-based models that represent solutions on the intersection of shared mobility, physical infrastructure, and integrated-mobility schemes.
This article analyzes tourism plans and policies related to cultural
tourism in Turkey. Past and current tourism plans and policy documents, as well as discourses of government officials, were content
analyzed. The research findings indicate that Turkey has been
positioned as more a sun, sea, and sand destination than a cultural destination. According to the State Planning Organization’s
Five-Year Development Plans, as well as past and current tourism
plans for Turkey such as Tourism Vision 2023, cultural tourism
is seen more as an alternative and secondary type of tourism for
Turkey. One can claim that this is perhaps a missed opportunity for
Turkey given its rich and unique cultural resources, since Turkey
can offer unique, positive, and memorable cultural experiences for
culture-core and culture-peripheral tourists. In order to achieve
this, it is essential to symbolize and rejuvenate unique cultural
resources so that innovative cultural capabilities (experiences) can
be offered. In return, such original and vibrant experiences can
better differentiate Turkey as a destination from its competitors.
The article provides theoretical and practical implications and
suggests areas for future research.
This research examines the link between intrinsic motivation and creativity using inductive theory building to explore the intrinsic motivation of creative people. Data were gathered at six case study sites in France using semidirective interviews to explore how creative people experience their creativity and motivation in various contexts. Data analysis suggested a 2 × 2 model of the types of intrinsic motivation for creativity composed of two creativity dimensions based on the relationship to the setting (independent vs. dependent) and the focus of the creative behavior (egocentric vs. other-centered). The model suggests promising avenues for further research, and the development of theory about the complex relationships between intrinsic motivation and creativity. Furthermore, the model suggests possible insights into ways to encourage and support intrinsic motivation, and hence creativity, in organizations.
Since Brazilian healthcare institutions have the duty to care about public health service, they also have the social and financial responsibilities to bring environmentally friendly practices and strategies, including principally a responsible attitude towards hospital waste management. Negligent waste management contributes significantly to polluting the environment. Today, a specific regional context in the southern State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, shows an ambivalent situation in terms of hospital waste management. This study aims to analyze the environmental management practices and innovation strategies of the hospitals of the Serra Gaúcha region, as well as conducting a comparison between the environmental management practices versus the current Brazilian laws. Based on data analysis, it was found that all hospitals employ the practice of waste segregation, preserving public health and environmental quality. However, in respect to hospital waste effluents, 75% of the hospitals of the Serra Gaúcha region do not treat their hospital effluents, not complying with the current Brazilian legislation.
The first study of fast internationalizing small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) was conducted by Rennie (1993). He identified a ‘new breed’ of Australian firms which were ‘born-global’. According to this study, born-global firms tended to be small with, for example, average sales of less than US$16 million and to be relatively young in age (for instance with an average age of 14 years). They should have begun exporting, on average, two years after their establishment and have generated three-quarters of their total sales via exporting. Such companies were found in all industries, but they all applied new technologies to developing unique products or a new way of doing business and, according to Junkkari (2000), as a result were strikingly competitive against established large players. Born-global firms or international new ventures (INVs) are firms that are international and entrepreneurial in their business dealings. Wright and Ricks (1994) highlighted international entrepreneurship (IE) as a newly emerging research arena and they defined internationalization speed as: time between discovery of an opportunity and first foreign entry, speed with which country scope is increased (market selection and spreading), and speed of international commitment (mode of entry versus export share). Oviatt and McDougall (1994) found that many of the firms they studied were not truly global and thus decided to call INVs these new fast internationalizing SMEs instead of born globals or global start-ups.
This paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of investigating information needs through scrutiny of library suggestions made by users. The method is attractive in drawing upon material that many libraries collect routinely and which may be used to present a picture of need that cannot easily be gained through other techniques. Nevertheless, insights achieved via suggestions analysis typically relate only to the library itself and often to its perceived weaknesses. There are ethical questions surrounding the use of suggestions data out of context, and researchers cannot know in advance that sufficient data relevant to their information needs focus will be elicited. Investigators must also decide on their stance regarding the wider applicability of their findings. Despite all these issues, suggestions data can play a pivotal role in inspiring the development of subsequent research into information needs, and may have considerable value when used in concert with other methods.
Die externe Verwertung von Technologien mittels Lizenzvergabe, Patentverkauf, Auftragsforschung und Kooperationen hat in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen. Die systematische Nutzung dieser Technologieverwertungsform wird jedoch in vielen Unternehmen durch ein Wissensdefizit hinsichtlich des Management dieses Prozesses behindert. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Ergebnisse einer explorativen Fallstudienuntersuchung des externen Technologieverwertungsprozesses in zehn führenden Großunternehmen präsentiert. Ausgehend von der historischen Entwicklung der Prozesse in den untersuchten Unternehmen werden drei Generationen des Managements der externen Technologieverwertung unterschieden.
Using an extensive case analysis of the Bhoomi system of India, this paper examines the role and nature of the state with
regards to the rationale for and deployment of e-government systems. Issues such as the nature of control in governance, the
discourse of de-politicization in justifying e-government and the reinvention of the state via electronic means are examined.
Analysis of data collected over several years shows that e-government systems are primarily used to centralize control in
the hands of the upper echelons of the bureaucracy, a strong discourse of technology and ‘high modernism’ permeates the justification
for deploying e-government and this effectively de-politicizes the intent and purpose of the project. The paper concludes
that through e-government the state reinvents itself, as the e-State, as a powerful, centralized force that disrupts historical
practices and relations.
This paper explores the emergence of Machiavellian behaviour in a community of practice (CoP). The CoP was initiated by the top management team (TMT) as a management development initiative. Participants in a manufacturing setting were encouraged to engage in a series of problem‐solving tasks with counterparts from across the organization in a short‐term CoP. A qualitative case study, using in‐depth interviews, was conducted in a large processing plant in the Middle Eastern Kingdom of Bahrain. This is an empirical case study that explores employee participation in a short‐term management development programme which sought to create CoPs to enable knowledge sharing. A competitive element was introduced, and we contend this promoted behaviour which served the individuals rather than the CoP. The findings indicate that TMT intervention changes the dynamics of CoPs, reducing knowledge sharing and collaboration among community members. Recommendations are made to practitioners to be cognizant of the possibility of Machiavellian participation in CoPs.
This article examines the significance of Public Private Partnership (PPP) in emerging economies. The major focus of the paper is the African continent. The article briefly discusses the origin and implementation PPPs in different continents across the globe. A qualitative research paradigm is adopted to analyse public private partnerships in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Qualitative research is exploratory and is frequently used to investigate a subject area in which there is limited information. This method of investigation sheds light on the different PPP projects. A case study strategy adopted in this study was used create understanding of the different process emanating from the implementation of PPPs in Africa continent. A comprehensive understanding of PPP implementation in SSA is essential. PPPs should be considered in sectors where there is a need to improve infrastructure and service delivery. Every government should have legislation in place as well as a regulatory framework on PPPs to facilitate local and foreign investors to implement new projects. The absence of a legal and regulatory framework on PPPs hinders close collaboration between the public and private sector in certain countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Anecdotal evidence from interviews with public officials indicates the need for government to focus on a specific project where it (government) perceives a need for a private company to participate. This article argues that the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project is an excellent model for governments in SSA where there is a deficit infrastructure, required to provide improved service delivery. Most BOT projects require sizeable financial investment. Most governments prefer to use BOT to construct specific infrastructure such as new electricity power plants, toll roads, prisons, dams and water plants. Experience has revealed that BOT agreements tend to reduce market and credit risk for the private sector because in most instances government is the only customer, thus reducing the risk associated with insufficient demand and the inability to pay.
The impact of sexual abuse on children is enormous, particularly when a child is abused sexually by a mother figure. In order to gain insight into the experiences of this rarely studied group, the life stories of four foster mothers of victims of maternal sexual abuse were collected. The narratives were coded inductively, and several topics concerning foster motherhood were studied more in‐depth. Four key themes emerged in the women's narratives: their attitude towards the abusing female, the foster child's sexual behaviour towards the foster mother, the emotional and physical distance of the foster mothers towards their foster child, and lastly, their sense of responsibility. The four foster mothers continuously balance between fostering their foster child as a parent and responding as a professional caregiver. The consequences of being a foster mother of a victim of maternal sexual abuse should be more socially acknowledged.
In early childhood education and early childhood teacher preparation, science is often a challenging academic content area. However, young children are primed for science learning, and early science learning is important for later science achievement. The current study presents an embedded case study of one early childhood teacher preparation program that undertook a process of infusing and aligning science teaching preparation across a curriculum preparing preservice teachers to work with children ranging in age from birth through third grade. Major themes fell into the three categories—motivation for change; the process of improving and aligning across a program; and science attitudes, beliefs, and experiences in the midst of change. Implications are discussed in terms of improving preparation for teaching early science and aligning across courses in early childhood teacher preparation.
The sharing economy is a platform-based business model in which users are directly connected for creation, sharing, and exchange of goods or services that draw on underused resources. While this emerging phenomenon has been studied from several perspectives, including the technical, social, and economic, limited investigation has been conducted from the customer perspective. A study was carried out to narrow this research gap by applying the customer viewpoint to explore and analyse how the sharing economy reconfigures value creation. To reach the goal for this research, an interpretive approach was taken to the case of Airbnb. Customers’ experiences of using the sharing economy were examined to disentangle the economic, functional, emotional, and symbolic benefits and sacrifices that together capture the diversity of customer-perceived value of the sharing economy. Customer value is discussed as an important conceptual tool to identify and pinpoint the distinguishing characteristics of the sharing economy and to explore how conventional businesses and emerging sharing-economy platforms can recognise and capitalise on their competitive advantages. While the sharing economy gives customers alternatives that involve easier consumption methods at lower cost, it also provides a unique, personal, and socially integrated experience. This can contribute to values that extend beyond traditional hospitality management and thus imbue sharing-economy platforms with a unique and sustainable competitive advantage.
In this article, we propose an action research approach to capture and act upon the delights and frustrations of panel members who participate in living lab research in order to optimize the operations of the living lab itself. We used this approach to test the effectiveness of action research in providing guidelines to practitioners to evaluate and design effective and sustainable user involvement processes in living labs. We conducted a focused literature review and an in-depth case study of both the integration of a researcher within the community and the implementation of an action research project within an existing living lab. This living lab is regarded as both a forerunner and a best-practice example in Europe. Based on our findings, we recommend co-creating the "operations" of a living lab with the users themselves following a combined action research and living lab approach.
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