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Effect of short term yoga practice on ventilatory function tests
Abstract
Twentyfive normal male volunteers undergoing a ten weeks course in the practice of yoga have been studied by some parameters of ventilatory functions tests. The observations recorded at the end of ten weeks of the course have shown improved ventilatory functions in the form of lowered respiratory rate, increased forced vital capacity, FEV1, maximum breathing capacity and breath holding time, while tidal volume and %FEV1, did not reveal any significant change. Thus, a combined practice of yoga seems to be beneficial on respiratory efficiency.
... These manifestations are the established risk factors for fixed airway obstruction including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (6). Several lines of evidence support the beneficial effects of yogabased interventions on the respiratory system in various nonclinical and clinical settings exacerbations such as COPD and asthma (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). The improved efficiency of respiratory function associated with yoga practice has been attributed to various factors including enhanced ventilatory functions, increased forced vital capacity, FEV1, maximum breathing capacity and breath-holding time, maximal stretching of respiratory muscles, efficient use of diaphragmatic and abdominal muscle, blunting of excitatory pathways regulating respiratory systems, etc. (20,(22)(23)(24)(25). Explicitly there is a particular indication of the limited effectiveness of the yoga-based intervention to its breathingfocused practices as compared to yoga postures against critical manifestations such as COPD (19). ...
... Several lines of evidence support the beneficial effects of yogabased interventions on the respiratory system in various nonclinical and clinical settings exacerbations such as COPD and asthma (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). The improved efficiency of respiratory function associated with yoga practice has been attributed to various factors including enhanced ventilatory functions, increased forced vital capacity, FEV1, maximum breathing capacity and breath-holding time, maximal stretching of respiratory muscles, efficient use of diaphragmatic and abdominal muscle, blunting of excitatory pathways regulating respiratory systems, etc. (20,(22)(23)(24)(25). Explicitly there is a particular indication of the limited effectiveness of the yoga-based intervention to its breathingfocused practices as compared to yoga postures against critical manifestations such as COPD (19). ...
... The median FEV1 z-score was less than −1.64, the lower limit of normal and the median FVC and FEF25-75 z-scores approached this mark. Almost the entire cohort had mild cognitive impairment (98.6%, MOCA scores [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. At baseline, the distribution of the demographic and study variables were found to be fairly even with the nonsignificant differences between the study groups (p > 0.05) (for details, see Table 1), except for DSST and TMT scores. ...
Background
Occupational exposure to pesticides has been associated with lung and cognitive function exacerbations. In the present study, we tested the effectiveness of breathing focused yoga intervention on alleviation of adverse respiratory and cognitive effects associated with chronic pesticide exposure in farmers.Methods
We undertook a parallel, two-armed randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessors on a chronically pesticide-exposed farming population. The study was conducted at district Panipat, State Haryana located in the Northern part of India from November 2019 to August 2020. A total of 634 farmers were screened, and 140 farmers were randomized to breathing-focused yoga intervention (BFY, n = 70) and waitlist control arms (n = 65). BFY was delivered weekly in 45-min group sessions over 12 weeks followed by home-based practice. The primary outcome was the change in spirometry-based markers of pulmonary function from baseline expressed as raw values, Global Lung Initiative (GLI) percent predicted (pp), and GLI z-scores after 24 weeks of intervention. Secondary variables were Trail making tests (TMT A and B), Digit symbol substitution (DSST), and WHO Quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL-Bref). Analysis was by intention-to-treat. Mediation analysis was done considering oxidative stress markers as potential mediators.ResultsAt the end of 6 months of intervention, the overall follow-up in the participants was 87.85% (n = 123); 90% (n = 63) in the control group, and 85.71% in the yoga group (n = 60). The mean age of the study cohort (n = 140) was 38.75 (SD = 7.50) years. Compared with the control group, at 24 weeks post-intervention, the BFY group had significantly improved status of the raw sand z scores markers of airway obstruction, after adjusting for confounders, FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75 [z score-adjusted mean differences (95% CI); 1.66 (1.10–2.21) 1.88 (1.21–2.55), and 6.85 (5.12–8.57), respectively. A fraction of FEF25-75 change (mediation percentage 23.95%) was explained by glutathione augmentation. There were also significant improvements in cognitive scores of DSST, TMT-A and TMT-B, and WHOQOL-Bref.Conclusion
In conclusion, regular practice of BFY could improve the exacerbations in the markers of airway obstruction in chronically pesticide-exposed farmers and cognitive variables. A significant mediating effect of glutathione augmentation was also observed concerning the effect of the intervention on FEF25-75. These findings provide an important piece of beneficial evidence of the breathing-based yoga intervention that needs validation across different farming ethnicities.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: CTRI/2019/11/021989.
... In a book by Vasant lad it has been mentioned that thoughts alter rhythm of breath and breathing alter rhythm of thoughts. [7] To the best of my knowledge, the earliest scientific literature relevant to the topic of current study was by Makwana et al. [8] They observed the effect of 10 week training of yoga that included pranayam. They reported an increase in Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 st s (FEV 1 ), maximum breathing capacity, and breath holding time. ...
... Thus comparing with few other studies, the report of some authors like Godoy et al. and Ahmed et al., this study also finds no statistical significance in FVC and FEV 1 when the study group is compared with control group. [13,17] This study is in agreement with literatures [8][9][10][11][12] that reports significant improvement in FVC and FEV 1 in subjects practicing either alone or in combination with asan and in disagreement with studies [15,18] that reported a significant change when the study group is compared with control goup; where in the control [8,9] Conversion of autonomic tone from sympathetic dominance to parasympathetic dominance in yoga practice may produce a decrease in the bronchoconstrictor effect of sympathetic system. This could reduce airway resistance, thus airways get opened up and could able to transmit more air with an increased force leading to increase in FVC and FEV 1 . ...
... Thus comparing with few other studies, the report of some authors like Godoy et al. and Ahmed et al., this study also finds no statistical significance in FVC and FEV 1 when the study group is compared with control group. [13,17] This study is in agreement with literatures [8][9][10][11][12] that reports significant improvement in FVC and FEV 1 in subjects practicing either alone or in combination with asan and in disagreement with studies [15,18] that reported a significant change when the study group is compared with control goup; where in the control [8,9] Conversion of autonomic tone from sympathetic dominance to parasympathetic dominance in yoga practice may produce a decrease in the bronchoconstrictor effect of sympathetic system. This could reduce airway resistance, thus airways get opened up and could able to transmit more air with an increased force leading to increase in FVC and FEV 1 . ...
... [41] Significant improvements were found in breath holding time (BHT), forced expiratory volume in 1 st s (FEV 1 )/forced vital capacity (FVC)%, and tidal volume among medical students after breathing exercise. [41,42] It was supposed that increased BHT was due to the predominance of parasympathetic over sympathetic tone. [41,42] RR was found unaltered or decreased in some studies. ...
... [41,42] It was supposed that increased BHT was due to the predominance of parasympathetic over sympathetic tone. [41,42] RR was found unaltered or decreased in some studies. [12,39] Respiratory muscles undergo work hypertrophy with maximum functioning during the breathing exercise. ...
... [12,39] Respiratory muscles undergo work hypertrophy with maximum functioning during the breathing exercise. [9,42] A statistically significant improvement was observed in FVC, FEV 1 , maximum expiratory pressure, maximum inspiratory pressure, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) among healthy young subjects and also in healthy medical students. [9,12,39,41] In one study, on status asthmaticus, breathing exercise relieved bronchoconstriction. [1] It improved lung capacity. ...
Introduction:
Alternate nostril breathing (ANB) is an effective breathing exercise with therapeutic benefits on cardiorespiratory functions for healthy and diseased individuals. This study was conducted to assess the effects of ANB exercise on cardiorespiratory tasks in healthy adults.
Materials and methods:
This randomized experimental study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, from July 2017 to June 2018. A total of 100 1st-year students, aged between 18 and 20 years, were included by a random sampling method. Fifty participants (25 males and 25 females) were enrolled in the experimental group, while age- and body mass index-matched another 50 participants (25 males and 25 females) served as the control group. Experimental group participants performed ANB exercise for 4 weeks. Cardiorespiratory parameters (pulse rate, blood pressure, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1st s [FEV1], and peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR] were measured. Data were taken at the start and after 4 weeks in both groups.
Results:
Independent t-test showed no significant differences in the cardiorespiratory functions between the experimental and control groups among the male and female participants, except for the females' PEFR which showed small differences. On the other hand, repeated measure ANOVA shows significant improvement in the experimental groups among males (P < 0.001-0.028) and females (P < 0.001-0.001) in all the cardiorespiratory functions measured, except for the FEV1 and PEFR among males.
Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest that cardiorespiratory functions were improved after breathing exercise, and therefore, ANB can be recommended for increasing cardiorespiratory efficiency.
... In another study by Miles Wales, oxygen consumption during three yoga-breathing patterns were studied [4]. In a related work, Makwana et al., also studied the effect of short term yoga practice on pulmonary function tests [5]. ...
... Makwana et al., reported significant increase in FVC following 10 weeks of yoga training [5] others have recorded similar observations [2,6]. The improvement in vital capacity is due in part to increase in development of respiratory musculature incidental to regular practice of yogic exercises [7]. ...
... 2. Increased power of respiratory muscles that is due to the work hypertrophy of the muscles during pranayama and other exercises. 3. Yogic breathing exercises train practitioners to use the diaphragmatic and abdominal muscles more efficiently thereby emptying and filling the respiratory apparatus more efficiently and completely [5] 4. Yoga, with its calming effect on the mind can reduce and release emotional stresses, thereby with drawing the branchoconstrictor effect. ...
... 29 Different studies observed beneficial effects of breathing exercise on diseased as well as normal healthy subjects. 7,18,[30][31][32][33][34][35] In a study, an 18% improvement of O 2 consumption was observed after 1 month of doing the ANB taken in a healthy upright sitting posture in the control and experimental group initially and after 4 weeks. Student's t-test was conducted by using SPSS for windows version-23. ...
... 6,18 Medical students lead a stressful study life as stated in different studies. 12,35 The burden of the medical curriculum imposes extreme study stress on the medical student. 12,35 Continuous mental-pressure can lead to irritability, insomnia, anxiety, and depression. ...
... 12,35 The burden of the medical curriculum imposes extreme study stress on the medical student. 12,35 Continuous mental-pressure can lead to irritability, insomnia, anxiety, and depression. 12 Mental stress can change the set point of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis leading to sympathovagal imbalance. ...
Alternate nostril breathing (ANB) is one of the best and easiest breathing exercises (pranayama) of
yoga that are good for health and physical fitness. ANB exercise has beneficial and therapeutic effects
on respiratory function in both normal as well as diseased humans. This study was conducted with the
objective of assessing the physiological effects of short-term ANB exercise on respiratory function in
healthy adult individuals leading a stressful life. This prospective interventional study was conducted
in the Department of Physiology, Chittagong Medical College (CMC), Chattogram, Bangladesh from
July 2017 to June 2018. A total of 100 participants aged 18–20 years, studying in the first year in CMC,
were included by using a simple random sampling method. Among them, 50 participants were enrolled
in the experimental group. Age- and BMI-matched 50 participants constituted the control group.
Height, weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. The participants of the experimental group
performed ANB exercise over 4 weeks for 10 min/day. The control participants were neither trained
nor allowed to practice nostril breathing during the whole study period. Respiratory parameters like
forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1st second (FEV1
), and peak expiratory flow
rate (PEFR) were measured by using a digital spirometer (Chest graph HI-101, Japan). Readings were taken in a healthy upright sitting posture in the control and experimental group initially and after
4 weeks. Student’s t-test was conducted by using SPSS for windows version-23. The mean value of
FVC, FEV1
, PEFR were significantly (P < 0.001) changed after the ANB exercise when compared
to the values before breathing exercise. The results of this study suggest that respiratory function is
significantly improved after the ANB exercise. Therefore, ANB can be recommended for increasing
respiratory efficiency
... In contrast to some types of Pranayama, Khapalabati and Bhastrika (HFYB) are two techniques shown to excite the sympathetic nervous system (15,30), while strongly engaging the diaphragm, abdominal, and intercostal muscles. Although Dirgha breathing trains the respiratory apparatus to fill more efficiently (20), the HFYB techniques, such as Khapalabati and Bhastrika, may further enhance ventilation by way of forceful inhalations and/or exhalations that refresh air in the lungs (2) and help to remove secretions in the lung bronchioles (20). This clearing of the lungs clears the passage to the alveoli in such a way that allows more air to be moved through the respiratory channel, which reflected in greater overall ventilation in the former study, in which the authors attribute powerful exhalations practiced with Khapalabati breathing technique (20). ...
... In contrast to some types of Pranayama, Khapalabati and Bhastrika (HFYB) are two techniques shown to excite the sympathetic nervous system (15,30), while strongly engaging the diaphragm, abdominal, and intercostal muscles. Although Dirgha breathing trains the respiratory apparatus to fill more efficiently (20), the HFYB techniques, such as Khapalabati and Bhastrika, may further enhance ventilation by way of forceful inhalations and/or exhalations that refresh air in the lungs (2) and help to remove secretions in the lung bronchioles (20). This clearing of the lungs clears the passage to the alveoli in such a way that allows more air to be moved through the respiratory channel, which reflected in greater overall ventilation in the former study, in which the authors attribute powerful exhalations practiced with Khapalabati breathing technique (20). ...
... Although Dirgha breathing trains the respiratory apparatus to fill more efficiently (20), the HFYB techniques, such as Khapalabati and Bhastrika, may further enhance ventilation by way of forceful inhalations and/or exhalations that refresh air in the lungs (2) and help to remove secretions in the lung bronchioles (20). This clearing of the lungs clears the passage to the alveoli in such a way that allows more air to be moved through the respiratory channel, which reflected in greater overall ventilation in the former study, in which the authors attribute powerful exhalations practiced with Khapalabati breathing technique (20). ...
Yogic breathing techniques (Pranayama) positively impact respiratory function (RF) in non-endurance trained individuals. The purpose of this study investigated effects of routine Pranayama practice on RF, running economy (RE) and perceptual responses. A between subject's case-control study design was incorporated. Eleven runners practiced three styles of Pranayama (30 min/day 6 days/week) for 3 consecutive weeks (YG) and completed a VO2 max tests on a treadmill (trial 1), basic RF tests, and constant workload RE trials at 60, 70, and 80% VO2 max (trial 2 and 3). A control group (n = 10) (CT) completed the same pre - post testing without intervention. Pre vs. post values for resting forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced expiratory flow volume in one second (FEV1). Yoga improved FVC and FEV1, but did not significantly impact RE However, RPE-L for HIGH had an interaction (p < 0.05) showing a decrease for YG and an increase for CT. The current study suggests 3 weeks of yogic Pranayama fails to significantly impact RE, however some evidence indicates YG may positively alter perceptual responses at individually prescribed workloads. More work is needed to definitively establish benefits of YG for runners.
... The concepts of this holistic and integrated mindful yoga program have been elaborated in earlier studies [16] (Goyeche et al 1982, Nagarathna and Nagendra 1985). This integrated Yoga module which is a combination of breathing exercises, asanas, kriyas, pranayama, meditation and relaxation has shown improved pulmonary function, decreased symptomatology [17] , (Makwana et al 1988) reduced medication score in the long run and decrease in duration of acute asthma episodes. ...
... The concepts of this holistic and integrated mindful yoga program have been elaborated in earlier studies [16] (Goyeche et al 1982, Nagarathna and Nagendra 1985). This integrated Yoga module which is a combination of breathing exercises, asanas, kriyas, pranayama, meditation and relaxation has shown improved pulmonary function, decreased symptomatology [17] , (Makwana et al 1988) reduced medication score in the long run and decrease in duration of acute asthma episodes. ...
This paper is mainly paying attention on the Bronchial Asthma (BA), It is a general continual provocative illness of the airways of lungs characterized by variables and persistent symptoms reversible airflow stumbling block and bronchia-contraction. Today, ancient yoga is designed therapeutic technique for the illnesses. Throughout the course of its progress yoga is one of the best, genuine and capable health care system. All over the world. Yoga practice has been integrated as a part of the every day schedule. It is a drugless structure renowned for avoidance of illnesses and encouragement of health. At the present, Contemporary Medical System has grasped the necessity of yoga techniques in many diseases. The holistic method of yoga technique is being considered as a therapeutic in modern times. Hence several scientific studies have acknowledged the worth of yoga technique in managing different ailments. Based on the scientific assessments of yoga postures, breathing techniques and meditation, the clinician can wisely and efficiently recommend the amalgamation of several yoga techniques.
... Smooth airflow and greater airway clearance are likely to enhance gas exchange which will promote respiratory health therefore individuals are less prone to ventilator abnormalities. Lung surfactant discharge due to the expansion of lungs close to total lung capacity is the major physiological stimulus for this expansion (Hildebran et al. 2017), as also is the release of prostaglandins into alveolar space, which increments lung compliance and diminishes bronchiolar smooth muscle tone, separately (Bhargava et al. 1988;Makwana et al. 1988;Srivastava et al. 2005). Yoga with its calming impact on the mind can decrease and discharge passionate stresses, thus pulling back the broncho-constrictor impact. ...
... 007] and with significant considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 96%), P \.00001 (supplementaryfigure 3). Two studies(Makwana et al. 1988;Akhani et al. 2019) reported outcomes as maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV ...
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the efficacy of yogic intervention (YI) on pulmonary functions (PFs) and respiratory muscle strength parameters in healthy individuals. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, SPORTdiscus databases as well as manual searches carried out until March 2020 on yoga AND pulmonary function were included based on Prisma guidelines. Twenty studies were identified potentially relevant. They were systematically reviewed and summarized in tabular form, listing yogic intervention (YI) significant improved forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1); FEV1/FVC; peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), maximum voluntary volume (MVV), respiratory muscle strength parameters like maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP or PEmax). There are encouraging results elucidated that yogic intervention improves pulmonary functions and respiratory muscle strength parameters of healthy physically fit individuals significantly.
... b)Lung inflation near to total lung capacity is a major physiological stimulus for the release of surfactant into alveolar space which increases lung compliance. (11,12) c)In addition it is suggested that lung inflation near to total lung capacity is a physiological stimulus for the release of prostaglandins which decreases bronchial smooth muscle tone, which in turn decreases airway resistant with a subsequent increase in MVV & FEV1 (6). ...
... Due to practice of pranayama there occurs : a) Strengthening of muscles of respiration.Increased range of movement of diaphragm & Emptying & filling of respiratory apparatus is more efficient & complete(11). ...
In present day, scenario stressful lifestyle, irregular eating habits and lack of exercise have led to emergence of cardio-vascular and respiratory diseases which were less common in older days when people had less stress and were physically more active as compared to present days. Pranayama , a stage of yoga practice, is an ancient science which makes use of voluntary regulation of breathing and calm the mind. We have tried to study the possible beneficial effects of breathing exercises so as to prevent respiratory morbidity in young adults. Keeping this in view, the present study is designed to evaluate the effects of short term practice of Pranayama and meditation on respiratory parameter (chest expansion, breath holding time, FVC, FEV1 PEFR and MVV). Sixty normal healthy subjects of first year MBBS course volunteers for this study was selected. They were aged between 17-20 years who did not have any previous training in Pranayama. Participants underwent two hours daily yoga program for 30 days under trained person. They were highly motivated to participate in this study program. All the selected physiological parameters were measured before and after performing yoga programme. There was significant increase in chest expansion, breath holding time, , FVC, FEV1 PEFR and MVV after the practice of pranayama compared to pre yoga practice.
... b)Lung inflation near to total lung capacity is a major physiological stimulus for the release of surfactant into alveolar space which increases lung compliance. (11,12) c)In addition it is suggested that lung inflation near to total lung capacity is a physiological stimulus for the release of prostaglandins which decreases bronchial smooth muscle tone, which in turn decreases airway resistant with a subsequent increase in MVV & FEV1 (6). ...
... Due to practice of pranayama there occurs : a) Strengthening of muscles of respiration.Increased range of movement of diaphragm & Emptying & filling of respiratory apparatus is more efficient & complete(11). ...
In present day, scenario stressful lifestyle, irregular eating habits and lack of exercise have led to emergence of cardio-vascular and respiratory diseases which were less common in older days when people had less stress and were physically more active as compared to present days. Pranayama , a stage of yoga practice, is an ancient science which makes use of voluntary regulation of breathing and calm the mind. We have tried to study the possible beneficial effects of breathing exercises so as to prevent respiratory morbidity in young adults. Keeping this in view, the present study is designed to evaluate the effects of short term practice of Pranayama and meditation on respiratory parameter (chest expansion, breath holding time, FVC, FEV1 PEFR and MVV). Sixty normal healthy subjects of first year MBBS course volunteers for this study was selected. They were aged between 17-20 years who did not have any previous training in Pranayama. Participants underwent two hours daily yoga program for 30 days under trained person. They were highly motivated to participate in this study program. All the selected physiological parameters were measured before and after performing yoga programme. There was significant increase in chest expansion, breath holding time, , FVC, FEV1 PEFR and MVV after the practice of pranayama compared to pre yoga practice.
... This is similar to earlier studies on yoga that have reported significant improvement in vital capacity (VC), FVC, FEV 1 and PEFR following training. [2,19,20] This can be attributed to the increase in the strength of the major respiratory muscles following SN practice. It is important to note that in spite of differences in the method of performance, both FSN and SSN have produced similar results. ...
... The strength of this study is that it is the first study comparing physiological effects of 6 months training and performance of SN in a slow and fast manner. Even though earlier studies have been carried out on SN, they have been done either in combination other yoga practices [20] with very few subjects [11] or have only focused on acute effects of individual postures. [12] The only study that has actually dealt with SN training over a long period is the pilot study done by Bhutkar et al. [13] They had however not given adequate description of the type of SN used in the training and both these studies (our study as well as their study) suffer a lack of a control group. ...
Background:
Limited information is available to understand the muscular demands of composite yogasanas such as Surya Namaskar, which is essential to guide prescription of Surya Namaskar in management of commonly prevalent musculoskeletal disorders such as back and knee pain.
Aim:
Therefore, muscle activation pattern in prime accessible muscles of the trunk and lower extremity, namely lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius, was explored during the traditional 12-pose sequence of Surya Namaskar.
Methodology:
Muscle activity of 8 healthy trained yoga practitioners (5 females and 3 males) was recorded using wireless, eight-channel surface electromyography (sEMG) system at a sampling rate of 2000 Hz and bandwidth of 20-450 Hz. Data were processed using EMGworks analysis software, and root mean square values were normalized against muscle activity during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC).
Results:
The 12-pose sequence of Surya Namaskar activated muscles of the trunk, upper and lower extremities to a varying extent, in each pose. During sustenance, erector spinae demonstrated the highest muscle activation in Hastapadasana (64.7% MVC in Pose 3and 64.3% MVC in Pose 11), lower trapezius during Hastapadasana (41.9% MVC in Pose 3and 39.2% in Pose 11); latissimus dorsi during Bhujangasana (37.4% MVC), Ashtangasana (34.9% MVC), and Parvatasana (34.6% MVC in Pose 8,); gluteus maximus in Ashwa Sanchalanasana (38.5% MVC in Poses 9 and 4); and vastus lateralis in Ashwa Sanchalanasana (34.9% MVC). Rectus abdominis demonstrated low activation throughout Surya Namaskar, presenting the highest activation during Parvatasana (22.8% MVC). All recorded muscles demonstrated greater activation during transition compared to sustenance of pose.
Conclusion:
Surya Namaskar elicited high-to-moderate muscle activation of major postural muscles of the trunk and lower extremity during alternating flexion-extension movements of the spine, supporting its prescription in prevention and management of mechanical low back pain among vulnerable groups of people.
... It is claimed that yogic practices help in prevention, control and rehabilitation of many respiratory diseases. Yoga breathing exercise increases compliance of lungs and thorax, airway resistance and strength of respiratory muscles [16][17][18][19][20] . ...
... Some researchers like Vinayak P, Doijad et al 16 20 had carried out study on effect of yoga breathing exercise on pulmonary or ventilatory functions and they all observed that following yoga breathing practice there was significant improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) and timed vital capacity in one second (FEV1) but there was no significant change in tidal volume (TV) and percentage of timed vital capacity in one second (%FEV1) [16][17][18][19][20] . This ...
p> Introduction: Controlled breathing not only keeps your mind and body functioning at their best, it can also lower blood pressure, promote feelings of calm and relaxation and help you de-stress. Many experts encourage using the yoga breathing exercises as a means of increasing awareness, mindfulness and reducing anxiety. Over-worked, under-slept, and feeling pressure may impair breathing pattern. There are some yoga breathing exercise techniques that improve ventilator function.
Objective: To assess the effect of yoga breathing exercises on their ventilatory function. Methods : Forty eight male and female students of 18 - 30 years were involved in the study of ventilatory function before and after yoga breathing exercise. Pulmonary function tests were performed with the subject sitting in a comfortable chair. Initial recording of tidal volume, inspiratory capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, forced vital capacity, and timed vital capacity in one second were measured.
Results: There was significant increase in inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity after yoga breathing exercise.
Conclusion: Yoga breathing exercise improves ventilatory function.
Journal of Gandaki Medical College
Volume, 09, Number 2, July December 2016, page: 17-22</p
... Additional studies acknowledged that the practice of Pranayama enhances maximal respiratory pressures, breath holding time and are particularly beneficial in increasing lung function and respiratory endurance [25]. Yoga training has been demonstrated by many researchers to increase vital capacity and improve lung function in participants [26,27,28,29]. According to previous research, pranayama training enhances ventilatory functions by increasing forced expiratory volume (FEV), and peak expiratory flow rates [29]. ...
Background and Study Aim. To assess the effects of Anulom Vilom Pranayama (AVP) or alternative nostril breathing and Rope Mallakhamb Training (RMT) on respiratory parameters among university females with athletic backgrounds.
Material and Methods. A quasi experimental study was performed on thirty-six, university female students from the Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India. The subjects were divided in three groups. The groups were subjected to 4-weeks of intervention including: Group A (n1=12) subjected to AVP, Group B (n2=12) subjected to RMT, and Group C: (n3=12) no training or control. Respiratory parameters were measured twice, pre and post intervention using a wet spirometer. All measurements were performed three times and the average values were recorded for analysis.
Results. 4-weeks of AVP resulted in positive increases for respiratory parameters measured including Tidal Volume (VT) 25.7%, Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) 29.4%, Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) 27.1%, Vital Capacity (VC) 33.2%, and Inspiratory Capacity (IC) 31.6% compared to the control group. Also, 4-weeks of RMT had a positive impact on respiratory parameters including (VT) 19.8%, (IRV) 22%, (ERV) 19.4%, (VC) 32 % and (IC) 28.1% compared to the control group.
Conclusions. Both AVP and RMT had a positive impact on respiratory parameters. Also, AVP training has a more positive impact on respiratory parameters than RMT and may also contribute to the enhancement of concentration-based performance and voluntary control of breathing among young females from athletic backgrounds. As a result, AVP training can be more beneficial for a competitive edge in order to improve the athletes' primary need for respiratory endurance.
... They found increased vital capacity, and MVV in Nigerian athletes as compared to non-athletes (17) Doherty M. and L. Dimitriou found higher FEV1 and MVV values in swimmers as compared to athletes and sedentary control group (18). When Sedentary and Athlete groups are compared, results showed higher FEV1 in Athletes as reported by other studies [19,20] while Ayesha AK and et al. [18] did not observe any significant change in FEV1. The possible explanation is that regular forceful inspiration and expiration during exercise leads to strengthening of the respiratory muscles which in turn help the lungs to inflate and deflate maximally. ...
Introduction -Regular exercise has a direct association with pulmonary function measures. When compared to non-exercising persons, athletes have greater lung capacity as a result of frequent exercise. Muscle strength is defined as the maximum force created during a maximal voluntary contraction under a certain set of circumstances. The researchers wanted to see if there was a difference in pulmonary function tests [Vital Capacity (VC), Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1), and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)] and handgrip muscular strength between athletes and sedentary controls. Material and Methods – The study included 100 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 25, 50 of whom were athletes who had participated in sports such as cricket, badminton, football, volleyball, and others for at least 3-5 years, and 50 of whom were sedentary control subjects. Pulmonary function tests (VC, FEV1, and MVV) and handgrip muscle strength were performed on both groups. Sportsmen and control group comparison was analyzed by applying an unpaired “t” test. Significant P-value was less than 0.05 (P < 0.05). In our study, it was observed that pulmonary function tests (VC, FEV1, and MVV) and handgrip muscle strength were significantly higher in sportsmen as compared to the control group.
... Joshi et al. (1992) have likewise shown that a month and a half of pranayama breathing course brought about worked on ventilatory capacities as brought down respiratory rate, and expansions in the constrained fundamental limit, constrained expiratory volume toward the finish of the main second, greatest intentional ventilation, top expiratory stream rate, and prolongation of breath holding time. Comparative valuable impacts were seen by Makwana et al. (1988) following 10 weeks of yoga practice. An increment in inspiratory and expiratory pressing factors proposes that yoga preparing works on the strength of expiratory and just as inspiratory muscles. ...
Quickly rising in the Western world as a discipline for incorporating the psyche and body into association and amicability, when embraced as a lifestyle, yoga works on physical, mental, scholarly, and otherworldly wellbeing. Yoga offers a powerful technique for overseeing and diminishing pressure, tension, and melancholy and various investigations exhibit the adequacy of yoga on disposition-related issues. The discoveries of the previously mentioned consider analysing the mental and actual results of yoga demonstrate hard, to sum up and make substantial inferences because of variety in the examination plans, contrasts in the length and recurrence of yoga classes, and contrasts in the particular yoga projects and populaces being contemplated. Regardless, results for the included investigations exhibit a large number of the various restorative impacts, benefits, and significant mending force of yoga.
... A wide range of research studies and reviews illustrated the beneficial effects of yogic practices on pulmonary functions. [18][19][20] Studies related to yogic practices Joshi et al. [21] and Makwana et al. [22] demonstrated that 6 weeks of pranayama breathing practice and 10 weeks of asanas and pranayama practice by healthy male and female adults resulted in lowering respiratory rate, increasing VC, FEV 1 , maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), PEFR, etc. Similar changes were also being demonstrated by Udupa et al. [23] Karmur et al. also reported highly significant increase in breath holding capacity and MVV in healthy adults following 10 weeks yoga training. [24] The outcomes of our study are similar to above studies which may be reconfirms the effects of yoga on respiratory health. ...
... 2,3 There are a number of reports on the effects of long term yoga based relaxation techniques to improve lung functions. [8][9][10] However, to the best of our knowledge, the acute effects of diaphragmatic breathing on pulmonary functions in healthy young adults have not been much studied. Moreover, literature is deficient on the effect of yoga training on peal Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and Breath Holding Time (BHT) and therefore the present study was undertaken. ...
Practice of yoga based relaxation techniques has been associated with various physiological changes in our body. The long term practice of these techniques has been reported to improve the pulmonary functions. However, the study on effects of short term diaphragmatic breathing on lung functions is yet lacking. Therefore, the present analytical study was conducted to find the changes in pulmonary functions after practising diaphragmatic breathing for one month among (n=40; 20 males and 20 females) 1st year MBBS students aged between 18-20 years. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and breathe holding time (BHT) was recorded in these subjects before and after one month of practising diaphragmatic breathing. There was a significant increase in both PEFR and BHT after 1month of diaphragmatic breathing manoeuvre depicting the beneficial of diaphragmatic breathing on pulmonary functions. Key words: Yoga; Pulmonary functions; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Breath Holding Time
... The diet followed the Jwara treatment Sutra viz light to digest, strengthening to body and mind, helpful in restoring digestive fire. Pranayama makes efficient use of abdominal and diaphragmatic muscles and improves the respiratory apparatus 18 .The patient had recovered in seven days, didn't intensify considering the comorbid hypertension. Thus, it can be said that the span of the ailment was probably shorter in view of the Ayurvedic medications as it was noted where traditional Chinese medicine was utilized 19 ...
COVID-19 patients, with underlying comorbidities are observed to develop complications. Studies have shown that hypertension (one of the comorbidities) is a risk factor for patients with severe COVID-19. There have been more patients with hypertension among those who have died than among survivors. There is no proven treatment of COVID-19 as of now. Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, has permitted use of traditional systems of medicine for treating mild to moderate cases of COVID-19. In line with this, there are few case reports which show promising results for treatment of COVID-19 with Ayurveda treatment module. These treatment reports highlight subdued COVID-19 infection without developing serious complications. Case in the paper is of a young hypertensive female patient with fever, weakness, anosmia, tastelessness and severe myalgia who was diagnosed with COVID-19. Ayurvedic assessment for this was Kaphavataj jwara. The patient sought Ayurvedic treatment. She was advised with treatment module including medicines, diet and behavioral interventions. Though patient was having comorbid hypertension with major COVID-19 symptoms, tested negative and recovered with exclusive Ayurvedic treatment. The patient was recovered both physically as well as psychologically with no post COVID-19 complications so far. Ayurvedic treatment module appears to be safe and efficacious with early recovery and better outcomes.
... There are a number of reports on the effect of long term yoga training on pulmonary functions. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, to the best of our knowledge the effect of short term 61 -PR training on pulmonary functions has not been studied so far. Buffalo health study concluded that pulmonary function is a long term predictor for overall survival rate in both genders and could be used as a tool in general health assessment. ...
... [27] Similar beneficial effects were observed by Makwana et al., after 10 weeks of yoga practice, with increase in inspiratory and expiratory pressures which suggests that yoga training improves the strength of respiratory muscles. [28] Overall relaxation and calming the mind through physical and breathing practices is the primary goal of yogic practices. Yoga in the form of Pranayama has an effect on limbic system, hypothalamic medullary axis, and medullary cardiovascular centers, which might have influenced the cardiorespiratory system. ...
Context:
Abnormal respiratory function is known to be detectable almost as soon as it can be measured reliably. Studies have identified the effect of respiratory muscle training as well as breathing exercises in improving pulmonary functions in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
Aims:
This study aims to identify the add-on effect of yoga over physiotherapy on pulmonary functions in children with DMD.
Settings and design:
One hundred and twenty-four patients with DMD were randomized to two groups. Group I received home-based physiotherapy and Group II received physiotherapy along with yoga intervention.
Materials and methods:
Pulmonary function test (PFT) was assessed before the intervention (baseline data) and at regular intervals of 3 months for a period of 1 year.
Statistical analysis used:
Normality was assessed using Shapiro-Wilk normality test. The baseline data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test to identify the homogeneity. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess significant changes in study parameters during the assessment of every 3 months, both within and between the two groups of patients.
Results:
A total of 88 participants completed all the 5 assessments, with a mean age of 7.9 ± 1.5 years. PFT parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and tidal volume during maximum voluntary ventilation (MVt) demonstrated significant improvements in Group I. In Group II, FVC and MVt significantly improved from baseline up to 1 year, whereas MVV improved from baseline up to 9 months. Tidal volume did not show any changes in both the groups.
Conclusions:
The findings suggest that introduction of yoga with physiotherapy intervention at an early age can be considered as one of the therapeutic strategies in improving pulmonary functions in patients with DMD.
... Yoga with its calming effect on the mind can reduce and release emotional stresses, hereby withdrawing the broncho-constrictor effect [29][30][31][32]. ...
... In addition the metabolic rate and resting oxygen consumption are reduced leading to decrease in sympathetic tone and the diastolic blood pressure 64 . The respiratory muscles, diaphragm, lungs are better trained 65 . ...
Yoga is a discipline that integrates mind and bodily exercises practiced for a number of health benefits. Although
physical and mental health benefits from practicing yoga are well known, people address time and cost as the
primary barrier to incorporate yoga practices on a regular basis.
A cost effective solution to these limiting factors is adopting home Yoga practices. However, yoga at home is
difficult, due to lack of instructions and feedback on practitioners’ alignment and performance.
In this State Of The Art report we explore existing technologies, which can effectively support yoga practices at
home that can potentially replace professional personal trainers. Then we will review existing solutions available
on the market as of today. Last we will look at the research on Yoga benefits supported and measured by
Technologies, as one day these research will come into the market as complete wearable solutions.
We have seen that identifying users Yoga postures in real time and providing instructions and feedbacks with the
help of technologies as IoT based sensors, Deep Learning, algorithms and with a Smartphone application is no
more a challenge.
However we are still at the beginning, as there are some barriers to overcome as BotNet IoT threat, and also the
technologies need to include all the Yoga life style aspects (8 limbs of Patanjali Yoga Sutras) in order to offer
sustainable Wellbeing, while today they cover mainly one limb as the Asanas or postures and a second one partly
as the Pranayama or breathing techniques.
The results are very promising and it is an opportunity to design more effective and efficient technology solution
to support Yoga practice at home.
Yoga supported by new technologies should open new approaches as Ethics, and Responsibilities by including
Compassionate artificial intelligence (CAI).
... Further, during inspiratory act diaphragm descends down more than normal to generate additional negative intra-thoracic pressure due to increased strength and elasticity causes extra inflation of the lungs.On the other hand, during expiration diaphragm ascends up more than normal to facilitate extra expulsion of air out of the lungs. This may be assisted by the maximum contractions and relaxations of abdominal muscles273,288 . Therefore, long term yogic exercise may make diaphragm and abdominal muscles more efficient to fill and empty lungs effectively and maximally to increase VC andFEV1 significantly. ...
Objective: We intended to evaluate the efficacy of yogic exercise on cardio-respiratory fitness; memory, stress, mental health and plasma nitric oxide level in healthy adult subjects. We also aimed to find out the correlation between change in cardiorespiratory fitness & mental health and nitric oxide level due to yoga practice.
Methods: In this yoga interventional study, the most prevalent yoga exercise model (Asanas, Pranayama and Meditation) was used. The study samples (n=200) were healthy male (n=120) and female (n=80) adults (mean age=39.95 years) were recruited by taking written consent. Subjects with any systemic and/or psychological disorders or under specific medications, pregnant women were excluded. Subjects who have never practiced or practicing yoga or other type of physical exercise and willing to practice yoga (1 hr per day; 6 days per week for 6 months) were included in the study. Data was collected at baseline (pre-yogic exercise) and after 6-months of yoga training (post-yogic exercise). The following parameters were measured at baseline and after yoga practice for 6 months: Cardio-respiratory parameters and fitness: Resting HR, resting BP, HR and BP after Harvard Step Test (HST), vital capacity, FEV1, PEFR, VO2max, physical fitness index (PFI); Mental health: memory, perceived stress (PSS), anxiety, depression, emotional balance, loss of behavioral or emotional control, general positive affect, life satisfaction, psychological distress & well-being, mental health index (MHI); and plasma nitric oxide level (NOx). The collected data was statistically analyzed with SPSS (24th version). Paired t-test was applied to determine the significance difference between baseline and post-yogic data values. The p-value was established at 5% level of significance.
vii
Results: We found significant decrease in resting heart rate (p<0.0001) and resting SBP and DBP (p<0.0001); significant increase vital capacity (p<0.0001), FEV1 (p<0.0001), PEFR (p<0.0001) and increase in VO2max (p<0.0001) by 14.43%, NOx (p<0.001) after yoga regimen. We found significant increase (p<0.0001) in physical fitness index by 56%. Yogic exercise for 6 months resulted in significant increase in memory score ((p<0.0001) and significant reduction in perceived stress score (PSS); anxiety (p<0.0001), depression (p<0.0001), and loss of behavioral or emotional control (p<0.0001) and psychological distress (p<0.0001) scores. Further, we found significant increase in general positive affect (p<0.0001), emotional ties (p<0.0001), life satisfaction (p<0.0001) scores. Regular practice of yoga for 6 months have resulted in significant increase in mental health index (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Significant improvement in cardio-respiratory fitness and mental health due to yoga practice suggests the extremely positive health benefits on physiological as well as psychological health. The results indicate the effectiveness of yoga as mind and body work out modality to improve the cardio-respiratory and mental health, if practiced regularly.
... Pranayama significantly helps in respiratory problems since it regulates breathing; detoxify body, improves respiration capacity; maintain rhythm of respiration and purifies air passages. Pranayama maintain harmony of sympathetic and parasympathetic system, causes bronchio-dilatation, reduces respiratory muscles tone and maintain supply of energy thus provide relief in problems related to respiratory system [6][7][8][9][10] . ...
Pranayama is traditional techniques practicing from ancient time of Indian civilization; it establishes balances of body, mind and spiritual health. Pranayama used for various purposes such as; maintaining health status & beauty, delaying age and as therapeutic measure against many pathological conditions. Pranayama involves three stages of respiratory practice; Puraka (inhalation), Kumbhaka (retention) and Rechaka (exhalation). These stages when practices with respiratory control then offer several health benefits. Pranayama improves circulatory process of body, boost respiratory system and helps in pathological conditions like; asthma and rhinitis. Present article summarizes role of Pranayama on respiratory system and related diseases. Keywords: Pranayama, Respiratory System, Puraka, Kumbhaka and Rechaka.
... 1. Improvement in cardio-respiratory efficiency 9,10,11,12 2. Improvement in exercise tolerance 13,14,15,16 3. Harmonious balance of autonomic function 17,18,19,20 4. Improvement in dexterity, strength, steadiness, stamina, flexibility, endurance, and neuromusculo-skeletal coordination 13, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 5. Increase in alpha rhythm, inter-hemispheric coherence and homogeneity in the brain 27,28,29,30 6. Improved sleep quality 31 7. Improved cognitive functions 9,32,33,34,35,36,37,38 8. Alteration in brain blood flow and brain metabolism 39, 40, 41, 42 9. Modulation of the neuro-endocrine axis 43,44,45,46,47,48 We can say that the eastern mind-body techniques affect every cell of the human body. They bring about better neuro-effector communication, improve strength, and enhance optimum functioning of all organ-systems while increasing resistance against stress and diseases with resultant tranquillity, balance, positive attitude and equanimity. ...
... Such strengthening of the respiratory musculature contributes to the increased respiratory efficiency evidenced in our study. [22][23][24] ...
... Pulmonary function tests have been studied in yoga and pranayama practitioners. They have shown that the regular practice of these long-term pranayama techniques have proved to be beneficial for the human body and that it also improved the breath holding time [15,16]. This study is designed to know the effect of shortterm pranayama (6 weeks) techniques on the pulmonary function parameters. ...
... Improvement in vital capacity may be attributed to the strengthening of respiratory musculature associated with regular practice of yoga as reported by Bhole MV [18]. It was also suggested that the respiratory apparatus is emptied completely after prolonged exhalation and thus the subsequent inhalation is more complete and efficient, which then reflects in terms of increased FVC [18]. Joshi LN et al., reported significant increase in FVC and PEFR following six weeks of pranayama practice [13] while Makwana K et al., showed increased FEV1 after 10 weeks of yogic practice and concluded that the increase was due to significant increase in vital capacity [19]. ...
Introduction: “Silver Yoga” program has been devised by Centre for Yoga Therapy, Education and Research (CYTER) of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry. Participants practiced the protocol that was specially designed for senior citizens, keeping in mind their health status and physical limitations. Aim: The present study was planned to evaluate possible changes in lung functioning assessed through Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) in senior citizens following 12 weeks of an integrated Silver Yoga programme. Materials and Methods: In this comparative pre-post study, 40 elderly women inmates of the hospice were randomised into two groups of 20 each. Yoga group (Group A) received training in the integrated Silver Yoga programme while control group (Group B) did not receive any yoga training. Both the groups however participated in all the routine activities of the Hospice. Anthropometric data, respiratory rate and lung function parameters were recorded before and after the 12-week study period. Intra-group and inter-group comparisons of pre and post study data were done using Student’s paired and unpaired t-test respectively. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate significant differences between means. Results: After the 12 weeks of Silver Yoga, both weight and BMI showed significant reduction (p
... Patanjali, first exponent of yoga, described Pranayama as the gradual unforced cessation breathing and Asanas as different physical postures that makes muscles more strong and flexible. 13,14 On analysing the results of present study on day-1, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of regular yoga practice, it was found that there is highly significant improvement in all the pulmonary function parameters. In present study, VC, FVC, PEFR, FEV1/FVC, FEF 75-85% were significantly higher at weeks-8 from day-l (P<O.O5). ...
... [4] Many investigators have found that Yoga training increases the vital capacity and improves lung functions in subjects. [17][18][19][20] In this study, we closely monitored and supervised the Pranayama training program. Tests were carried out in a controlled setting with emphasis on accuracy and reproducibility. ...
... [10] Yoga with its calming effect on the mind can reduce and release emotional stresses, hereby withdrawing the broncho-constrictor effect. [11, 13,14] Lung inflation near to total lung capacity is a major physiological stimulus for the release of lung surfactant and prostaglandins into alveolar space, which increases lung compliance and decreases bronchiolar smooth muscle tone, respectively. [12, 14,15] ...
Background
:
Exercises of different forms, if performed regularly, have a beneficial effect on the various systems of the
body. Badminton is claimed to be the world’s fastest racket sport. Aside the technical, tactical, and training aspects of
modern competitive badmin
ton, the physical demands are continually changing. Relaxation techniques like Rajyoga
meditation have been used in sport primarily to enhance recovery from training and competition, manage anxiety and
improve performance.
Aims & Objective:
To compare the efficacy of physical performance in badminton players, before and after with regard
to Rajyoga meditation.
Material and Methods:
35 male badminton players were studied prospectively before and six months after practicing
Rajyoga
meditation.
Blood lactate
concentration and Pulmonary functions were assessed immediate
ly after 10 minutes
of exercise
.
Other
Physical Parameter
s
like BMI, pulse rate, blood pressure were also assessed before and after 6
months of meditation and analysed
using longitudinal study.
Results:
Student’s paired
‘t’ test was used to compare pre & post interventional results. After the relaxation training,
blood lactate concentration after exercise was significantly decreased (p<0.05). All parameters of lung funct
ions
showed statistical improvements after meditation, there was significant differences with regard to BMI, blood
pressure and pulse rate all were significantly decreased (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
The results obtained emphasize the beneficial effect of
Rajyoga meditation. Finding of the present study
suggests that Rajyoga meditation can alter blood lactate levels and pulmonary functions after exercise.
... Asthmatic children showed a significant increase in VC, FVC, and PEFR after 12 weeks of yoga practices .Increase in PEFR is due to decrease in airway resistance. Several studies have also reported similar increase in VC, FVC, FEV1, PEFR and MEFR (Makwana et al., 1988). ...
... Joshi et al (1992) have also demonstrated that six weeks of pranayam breathing courseresulted in improved ventilatory functions in the form of lowered respiratory rate, and increases inthe forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at the end of 1st second, maximum voluntaryventilation, peak expiratory flow rate, and prolongation of breath holding time. Similar beneficialeffects were observed by Makwana et al (1988) Sudarshan kriya is a one aspect of bhratsika pranayama which is practiced with asana and pranayama. Sudarshan kriya also influence positively the psychologically, physically, and physiology. ...
Aim of the present study is to assess the effect of six weeks yoga and pranayama effect on peak flow meter (PFR), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Total 70 female subjects have been selected, aged 25-40 Years, from Raipur. All the female subjects were living sedentary life style. The Bhastirka Pranayama and Nadisodhan Pranayama was given for 6 weeks, 5 days in a week for 20 to 25 minutes. PFR (litter/min) was measured with the help of peak flow meter, HR (beats/min), SBP (mmHg), and DBP (mmHg) were measured with the help of digital sphygmomanometer. Descriptive and inferential (ANOVA) analyses were employed to draw meaningful result and conclusion. Results of the present revealed significant (p<0.05) improvement in PFR and HR. the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure did not show significant changes. More study on large sample is required to draw more robust conclusion.
... Moreover, earlier studies showed improvement in respiratory function after the practice of yoga (Shankarappa, Prashanth, Annamalai & Malhotra, 2012;Joshi, Joshi & Gokhale, 1992). Pranayama requires breath holding (kumbhaka) which may result in increased parasympathetic control of respiratory centers (Makwana, Khirwadkar & Gupta, 1988). In a study of ten males between the ages of 40 and 60 years with no previous yoga experience, 80% showed improvement in breath holding time after the completion of an intensive yoga program (Courtney & Cohen, 2006). ...
Introduction: Sport like swimming requires maximum accuracy in style, fitness, skill and training. Moreover, the swimmers must possess a better reaction time as well as breath holding capacity that saves time for exhibiting best performance.
Objective: It is thought that regular practice of kumbhaka phase of pranayama may improve swimmers' breath holding capacity and reaction time. Since literature is silent about this concept, the present investigation was carried out.
Method: Thirty male state level swimmers (n = 30), age: 16-18 years, volunteered in this study. This experiment considered a single group design, where all the selected subjects were assessed for two variables viz., reaction time and breath holding capacity at the baseline (i.e., 1st test or pre-test). Further, after a 6-week of swimming practice (1½ hours daily in the afternoon), the variables were re-tested (i.e., 2nd test or mid-test). After the 2nd test was over, all the subjects underwent 6 weeks of combined practice (i.e., swimming followed by pranayama) for 1½ hours daily in the morning. Finally, the subjects were assessed for the selected variables (i.e., 3rd test or posttest).
Statistical Analysis: Repeated measures ANOVA followed by Newman-Kuels post hoc test was employed to record influence of pranayama practices on the variables.
Results: The results revealed that swimming plus pranayama training leads to significant increase in breath holding capacity whereas reduction in reaction time.
Conclusion: Pranayama practice leads to significant improvement in breath holding capacity and reaction time of swimmers.
... It makes efficient use of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles which improve the pulmonary function. [13] This could be assessed using the pulmonary function test (PFT) that provides important clinical information to identify and quantify the defects and abnormalities in the functioning of the respiratory system. [14] Spirometry is one basic, simple and non invasive method available for evaluating pulmonary function. ...
Context
Prāṇāyāma, the fourth limb of ancient aṣṭāṅga yoga consists of breathing techniques which produce various physiological and psychological effects. Though various types of prāṇāyāma and their effects have been scientifically established, Bhrāmarī prāṇāyāma (Bhr.P) is the one whose effects still remain understated.
Aims
The present study was conducted to find the effects of Bhrāmarī prāṇāyāma practice on pulmonary function in healthy adolescents.
Study Design
Randomized control trial.
Subjects and Methods
90 healthy adolescents including 32 females and 58 males participated in the study. They were randomly divided into Bhr.P group (n = 45) and Control group (n = 45) by a simple lottery method. Pulmonary function test was done at baseline and at end of 12th week using RMS Helios spirometry. Prāṇāyāma group students were trained to do Bhr.P as 3 to 4 breaths/min for 5 min followed by 2 min rest. This was one cycle and in this way, they were instructed to do five cycles each time for 45 minutes five days in a week. Control group students were not allowed to practice any kind of exercise throughout the study period.
Statistical Analysis
Student paired and unpaired T tests were used to analyse the intra group and intergroup differences using R statistical software.
Results
A significant (P < 0.05) improvement in all pulmonary function parameters; FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF 25%-75% and PEFR was seen in the Bhr.P group than the control group adolescents. Slow vital capacity (SVC) and Maximum Voluntary Volume (MVV) also showed significant improvement in the prāṇāyāma group.
Conclusions
Bhrāmarī Prāṇāyāma practice is effective in improving the pulmonary function among the adolescents which could be utilized for further clinical studies.
... Longitudinal research has demonstrated regular participation in Hatha yoga is correlated with improved muscular strength, flexibility (34,97,464,467) and improved exercise tolerance and aerobic capacity (467). Additionally, enhanced pulmonary function has also been demonstrated with regular yoga participation (34,196,242,290,458,490). ...
Background: The monitoring of an athlete’s training load and cardiac function have
demonstrated to be valuable assessment tools in individual sporting events. Additionally, short term heat acclimation has shown to be effective for stimulating hypervolemia and augmenting cardiovascular performance. A gap in the literature exists indicating further research is required into both heat acclimation protocols and the monitoring of on-field training load and its cause and effect relationship with heart rate variability in team sport.
Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was twofold; 1) identify a novel form of heat
acclimation using hot yoga for augmenting cardiovascular and aerobic performance, and 2) identify an effective monitoring protocol suitable for team sport using internal training load and
heart rate variability.
Methods: The Canadian Women’s National Field Hockey team were participants for examining heat acclimation and the relationship between training load and autonomic modulation during the 2016 Olympic cycle. A maximal graded exercise test was completed prior to and following six hot yoga sessions to examine cardiovascular and aerobic performance measures.
Results: In Chapter 4, six days of hot yoga developed hypovolemia that lead to trivial
improvements in aerobic power, run time to exhaustion, and a small increase in running speed at each ventilatory threshold. A non-existent relationship between markers of exercise stress and alterations in plasma volume during and post hot yoga were observed. Chapter 5 identified a large relationship between the planned and achieved on field training load over a complete mesocycle. Additionally, a moderate relationship was observed between both time spent above anaerobic threshold, training load and alterations in the Ln rMSSD:R-R ratio.
... [10] There is the release of lung surfactant [11] when lungs have been stretched near to total lung capacity and prostaglandins into alveolar spaces, [12] which increase lung compliance and decreases bronchial smooth muscle tone, respectively. The other possible mechanism for improved pulmonary functions might be: (i) Hypertrophy of respiratory muscles due to regular practice of pranayama; (ii) cleansing procedures cleans the infective nasal secretions; (iii) more efficient use of the diaphragmatic and abdominal muscles thereby emptying and filling the respiratory apparatus more efficiently and completely; [13] and (iv) pranayama has calming effect on the mind which reduces emotional stresses, thereby withdrawing the brancho-constrictor effect. Thus, regular practice of pranayama seems to be beneficial for respiratory efficiency. ...
Background: In old age, the expansion of lungs is restricted as the elastic tissue in the lungs is being replaced by fibrous tissue and a number of alveoli break down leading to emphysema, and also respiratory muscles become weak. Regular practice of pranayama should produce a positive effect on the lungs by increasing the pulmonary capacity and thereby improving the lung functions. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the pulmonary function in volunteers after 6 weeks training in Bhastrika pranayama. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on 40 healthy male volunteers in the age group between 60 and 70 years. The pulmonary function tests (PFT) were recorded with the RMS-Helios 702 spirometer. The parameters of PFT taken into account were forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, peak expiratory flow rate. The PFT were compared before starting Bhastrika pranayama and after completing 6 weeks regular practice of Bhastrika pranayama. The paired and unpaired t-test were used at appropriate places as a statistical test. The value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A significant increase in pulmonary functions were observed after the 6 weeks practice of Bhastrika pranayama. Conclusion: Regular practice of Bhastrika pranayama may tend to improve the strength in the respiratory musculature which leads to an improvement in the lung functions in them. Moreover, hence better the lung function in old age better the quality of life.
Background: The study was intended to find out the effects of different types of meditations namely transcendental meditation and heart rhythm meditation on diastolic blood pressure among male college students. Methodology: Sixty male students studying bachelor’s degree in colleges in and around Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India were randomly selected as subjects to achieve the purpose of this study. The age of subjects ranged between 18 and 24 years, height and weight ranged from 158 to 171 cm and 56 to 69 kg respectively. The selected sixty subjects were divided into three groups of twenty subjects each at random. Group I (transcendental meditation), Group II (heart rhythm meditation) and Group III (control). Prior to and immediately after the training programme, all the subjects of three groups were tested on the selected dependent variable. ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) was used to analyse the collected data to find out the effects of different types of meditations on diastolic blood pressure. Whenever the obtained ‘F’ ratio for the adjusted post-test mean was found to be significant, Scheffe’s test was applied as post hoc test to determine the paired mean differences, if any. The 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test the level of significance which was considered as an appropriate. Results & Conclusion: There was a significant differences exist among transcendental meditation group, heart rhythm meditation group and control group on selected physiological variable namely diastolic blood pressure. There was significant change on selected physiological variable namely diastolic blood pressure due to transcendental meditation and heart rhythm meditation after twelve weeks of training period. Significant differences were found between transcendental meditation group and heart rhythm meditation group on selected physiological variable namely diastolic blood pressure after twelve weeks of training period.
Physical activity (PA) would increase the inhalation rate and thereby inhaled dose of air pollutants. However, it's still uncertain whether the effects of air pollutants on lung function are attenuated by PA, especially in the high-polluted areas. We aimed to disentangle the interaction between air pollution and PA on lung function among healthy adults. In this study, a real-world crossover study was conducted among 74 healthy adults. Each participant underwent both rest and 15-min intermittent moderate PA exposure scenarios (consisting of 15min stationary bike riding alternating with 15min of rest), which lasted for 2 h. On the same day, the participants among active and inactive group were exposed to the same air pollution. We have monitored the fine particulate matter (PM2.5), particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10), particulate matter less than 1 μm (PM1), black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) continuously during 2-h exposure. Lung function were measured at five times points for each visit (before, immediately, 3 h, 5 h, and 24 h after the 2-h exposure scenario). Mixed-effects models were applied to explore the effects of air pollution, PA, and their interaction on lung function. The participants had a mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of 19.9 (0.9) years. The average concentration [mean ± SD] of PM2.5, PM10, PM1, BC, NO2, and O3 were 59.4 ± 45.1 μg/m³, 122.8 ± 109.0 μg/m³, 38.8 ± 29.2 μg/m³, 1.94 ± 1.17 μg/m³, 59.5 ± 26.6 μg/m³, and 74.0 ± 30.3 μg/m³, respectively. Overall, greater increasement in lung function were observed among active group compared with inactive group at all timepoints. In fully adjusted models, we observed the benefits of PA and detrimental effects of air pollutants on lung function. Our results suggested that PA, compared to rest, alleviated the detrimental effects of air pollutants on lung function. We also stressed the importance of timing of measurements for capturing association. In conclusion, our observations suggested that PA might alleviate the associations between various pollutant exposures and lung function, which would drive further research towards potential pathway.
The fundamental limit of the lungs is a basic segments of good wellbeing. Indispensable limit is a significant for those with asthma. Heart conditions and lungs infirmities the individuals who smoke and the individuals who have no known lung issues. Objective: To find out the effects of four weeks yogic training on vital capacity of university students. Design: Researcher measured vital capacity of students from spirometer. Vital capacity determinants were taken pre-yogic training and post-yogic training. No control group was used. Sample: PG diploma in Yoga classes students of Chaudhary Bansi Lal University taken for Yogic Practice. A total of 30 college students, 12 men and 18 women. Intervention: Subjects were taught yogic asana, pranayama and relaxation in 2 hours' class practice for 4 weeks. Results: The study showed a statistically significant (P<.05) improvement in University Students. Conclusions: It is not known whether these findings were the result of yoga poses, breathing techniques, relaxation, or other aspects of exercise in the subject's life. The subject's adherence to attending class was 99.96%. The total number of 30 subjects is considered to be a valid number for a study of this type. Introduction The vital capacity of the lungs is a basic segment of good wellbeing. Typical metabolic procedures, tissue mending, and athletic execution all rely upon powerful relaxing. There are somewhere around 2 viewpoints to successful breathing: the best possible utilization of the breath-controlling musculature, including the muscles of the mid-region, the stomach, and the intercostal muscles of the thorax; and the working of the lungs themselves. Awareness and control of the breath are integral parts of the practice of yoga. In many styles of yoga, the students are instructed to coordinate their yoga movements with their breath, special breathing techniques are taught, and deep breathing is emphasized during relaxation. The objectives of this study were to document the effect of basic pranayama and asana techniques on the vital capacity of the group as a whole and the particular population studied; demonstrate the ease with which measurements can be done using the spirometer for the benefit of other yoga teachers and exercise leaders who might wish either to replicate the study or to emphasize the benefit of pranayama practice for their students; interest students in their vital capacity as an important measure of their health and demonstrate the practical value of yoga and breathing techniques to physicians, respiratory therapists, athletic coaches, and others. The students in this study received instruction in postures, breathing, and relaxation techniques. They were assigned to the following categories based on their response on the datasheet: smokers, no known lung ailments, or asthmatics.
Background and study aim. Prerequisites and purpose of the study. Today, philosophical anthropology (in the context of physical culture) occupies an intermediate place between the biological sciences and existential philosophy, elements of which it uses to explain the problems of physical existence. In the deep spheres of the physical state of a man (in the continuum of his/her spiritual-moral, physical, subconscious-rational, irrational and anthrobiological subjectivity) one can find the true foundations of personal physical culture and give them an immanent-subjective expression of human strength (as a creator of culture globalized world). The purpose of the study is to characterize the physical culture of the individual in the context of philosophical anthropology. Material and methods. Sources of information were the authoritative database Web of Science Core Collection, Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. Extraction of data from documents was carried out by means of a search query. In total, data on 102 documents containing such keywords as philosophy, anthropology, physical culture, sport were removed from the Web of Science Core Collection. Accordingly, 18 documents were found in the catalogues of the Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. Further analysis was performed with these 120 documents. The results of the search query were recorded in the form of tables and a special text file, which was processed in VOSviewer. The requirements of dialectical logic, comparative method, method of phenomenological reduction, hermeneutic methods are chosen by research methods. Results. The most significant and popular thematic categories, journals, authors, articles, keywords are identified. The connection between the elements of bibliographic description of articles and individual groups of publications has been established. It is established that from the second quarter of the XX century among philosophers there is opposition to the understanding of human nature on the basis of the acceptance of some one of its essence (spiritual, physical, intellectual, emotional and volitional, etc.), which determines the existence of any person. This was a denial of the approach to a man, which was called essential (from the Latin essentia – essence). The result of this transformation was to establish an existential understanding of a man (from the Latin existentia - existence). However, a self-contained existential approach is capable of producing a worldview distortion of personal physical culture, especially in conditions of restriction of freedom (for example, during a pandemic, war). Therefore, in modern philosophical anthropology it is necessary to adhere to a balanced combination of essential and existential understanding of a man in general and his/her physical culture in particular. In this way, philosophical anthropology is able to actualize various structures of worldview, including the values of physical culture. Conclusions. From the point of view of modern philosophical anthropology, athletes, in the broadest sense of the term (all those who purposefully engage in physical and sports exercises), are carriers of a set of socio-cultural values (moral and volitional qualities, morpho-functional properties, psychophysical abilities, etc.). These values, in the context of the globalization of civilizational development and the main axiological concepts (quality and standard of living, social order, well-being), should be considered as a means of activating planetary socio-cultural development.
Objective
Rowing is one of the most physically demanding endurance sports requiring high levels of ventilation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of RMT on ventilatory parameters, aerobic fitness and rowing ergometer performance among 20 professional rowers (experimental (n = 11) and control (n = 9) aged 20–35 years in Sri Lanka.ResultsRowers in the experimental group were prescribed a RMT program comprising of breathing exercises while control group was prescribed a general exercise program for a 12 weeks. There were significant improvements in PIF, FVC, and VO 2 maxin the experimental group after 12-weeks (p < 0.05) while only VO 2 max improved non-significantly in the control group (p > 0.05).Compared to the control, PIF improved significantly in the experimental group (p < 0.05). The rowers in the experimental group with higher PIF and VO 2 max performed better at 2000 m and 5000 m ergometer whereas in the control group, only VO 2 max was associated with better performance in 5000 m ergometer. This suggests that the RMT program had a significant effect in improving some ventilatory parameters and VO 2 max of the rowers resulting in better performance.Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials UMIN000040345, 08/05/2020. “Retrospectively registered”
Notes on Anatomy & Physiology for Yoga Education compiled and edited by Dr Ananda with assistance of Ramya Pillutla and Sri G Dayanidy at CYTER
We intended to study the effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga, a novel breathing technique conceived by the world renowned spiritual leader and founder of The Art of Living Foundation Sri Sri Ravishankar. Millions of followers all over the world are practicing and reporting positive well being and better health. To see the effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on Lipid Profile, Pulmonary Function and Hemoglobin concentration, we conducted a workshop of 8 days consisting of 150 participants. Out of which 55 were included in the study group. Our results show that after practicing Sudarshan Kriya, there is decrease in Total Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol along with significant increase in HDL-Cholesterol. There are significant changes in Pulmonary Function, but statistically non-significant changes in Hematological parameters. From the observation Sudarshan Kriya Yoga may play vital role in reducing Total Cholesterol (P<0.05), LDL-Cholesterol (P<0.001) and significantly increasing HDL-Cholesterol (P<0.001). Spirometric Pulmonary Function Tests studied were Forced Vital Capacity, Forced Expiratory Volume in first second, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation. The results showed improvement in all Pulmonary Function parameters in all subjects as compared to before practicing Sudarshan Kriya Yoga. Thus Sudarshan Kriya Yoga may have therapeutic implication in the adjunctive (non pharmacological) management of cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. The present study confirmed the positive effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on Lipid Profile and Pulmonary Function over period of 8 days.
Pranayama gradually diminish sympathetic dominance, resulting in better balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic system. In the present study, our aim of practicing alternate nostril breathing exercises (Nadi shodhana pranayama) is to achieve positive body health. In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of Alternate Nostril Breathing for 12-weeks on some cardio-respiratory parameters such as pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate on healthy young volunteers. We observed, Nadi shodhana pranayama caused reduction in pulse rate, respiratory rate and increase in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate. There was a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in total population (both males and females). Therefore, this simple exercise can be prescribed to hypertensive patients (with proper monitoring) along with the medical therapy. The increase in PEFR by alternate nostril breathing practice obviously offers an increment in cardiorespiratory efficiency and it can be advocated to the patients of early bronchitis and as a preventive measure for COPD.
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