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Multiple paraphilic diagnoses among sex offenders
Abstract
The psychiatric literature suggests that paraphiliacs can be expected to participate in only one type of deviant sexual behavior. Using self-reports gathered with assured confidentiality from 561 nonincarcerated paraphiliacs, we discovered that most paraphiliacs have had significant experience with as many as ten different types of deviant sexual behavior without regard, in many cases, to gender, age, and familial relationship of the victim. The relevance of these findings to our understanding of paraphiliacs and their treatment is discussed.
... Adult males with voyeuristic disorder often first become aware of their sexual interest in watching unsuspecting persons during their adolescence (Abel et al., 1988). The time at which females become aware of voyeurism is unknown, most likely because paraphilic disorders have been observed to occur mostly in males, and research has similarly focused on males (Dawson et al., 2016). ...
... Sexual abuse in childhood, substance abuse, and hypersexuality have been suggested as risk factors, although the causal relationship to voyeuristic behavior is uncertain (Långström & Seto, 2006). Comorbid conditions include hypersexuality, other paraphilic disorders, especially exhibitionistic disorder (Abel et al., 1988), and depressive, bipolar, anxiety, substance use, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. ...
... disorder is much lower, given the finding that "intense desire" and "persistent behavior" were reported infrequently (2.8% and 7%, respectively) (Joyal & Carpentier, 2017). In outpatient settings for men with paraphilic disorders or hypersexuality, 10-14% make diagnostic criteria for frotteuristic disorder (Abel et al., 1988). The prevalence among women in the general population is likely lower (Joyal & Carpentier, 2017). ...
... There are three specifiers in the DSM-5 for Exhibitionistic Disorder including preferred exposure to prepubescent children, adults, or both. There is little empirical evidence to support these subtypes (Långström, 2010); however, research suggests that there is overlap between the paraphilic disorders (Abel et al., 1988;Bradford et al., 1992;Fedora et al., 1992;Freund et al., 1997) and thus giving a specifier of preferred exposure to prepubescent children may help the diagnostician consider or rule out co-occurring pedophilia (Långström, 2010). ...
... While the exact prevalence of exhibitionistic disorder remains elusive, exhibitionistic behavior it not uncommon (Firestone et al., 2006;Rabinowitz-Greenberg et al., 2002). Exhibitionistic acts are the most commonly reported sex crime accounting for between onethird (Rooth, 1973) and two-thirds of all reported sexual offenses (Abel et al., 1988;Firestone et al., 2006;Gebhard et al., 1965;McNally & Fremouw, 2014). ...
... In a study of 241 individuals with exhibitionistic disorder, 32% also engaged in voyeurism and 30% also engaged in frotteurism (Bader et al., 2008;Freund, 1990). Another study of 142 exhibitionists found that 93% of the sample also engaged in pedophilia, rape, or voyeurism (Abel et al., 1988;Bader et al., 2008). ...
... Paraphilias are not necessarily illegal, though many can lead to criminal behaviour such as paedophilia and exhibitionism; however, they are often prevalent in offenders. Multiple studies of the characteristics of sex offenders have found that paraphilias are extremely common (Abel et al., 1988;Drury et al., 2017;Hanson et al., 2005), with many offenders displaying more than one paraphilic interest. Abel et al. (1988) suggest that offenders may acquire multiple paraphilias when they do not experience adverse consequences when acting on their first paraphilic interest. ...
... Multiple studies of the characteristics of sex offenders have found that paraphilias are extremely common (Abel et al., 1988;Drury et al., 2017;Hanson et al., 2005), with many offenders displaying more than one paraphilic interest. Abel et al. (1988) suggest that offenders may acquire multiple paraphilias when they do not experience adverse consequences when acting on their first paraphilic interest. The lack of consequence may leave them feeling less inhibited and more likely to explore other deviant desires. ...
... Thus, it is vital to consider the main paraphilias cited by researchers, in order to study these in more depth and perhaps gain a richer understanding of the link between paraphilias and sexual crime. When considering the studies of specific paraphilia and crime explored in this literature review, it appears that a small sample of paraphilia are most commonly associated with criminal behaviour (Abel et al., 1988;Baur et al., 2016;Chan et al., 2016;Drury et al., 2017;Hanson et al., 2005;Koch et al., 2011). The most frequently mentioned paraphilias are sadism, masochism, fetishism, paedophilia, voyeurism, exhibitionism and frotteurism. ...
Sexual harassment is a prevalent problem in society across the world and can have devastating consequences for those who are victim to it. Although it is a widespread problem that affects many, there is a lack of research regarding the relationship between harassment and risk factors such as rape myth cognitions and sexual deviance, particularly in the general population. The current study explores the relationship between rape myth cognitions and perception of harassment, with deviant sexual preferences as a moderator. Additionally, the prevalence of paraphilic interest in the general population is explored. Analyses indicate that there is a strong relationship between rape myth cognition and harassment, which is slightly moderated by deviant sexual preferences. Frequency analyses of paraphilic behaviours and fantasies show that masochism is the most prevalent paraphilic interest in the general population and that approximately half of the sample have engaged in at least one paraphilic behaviour. This study has important implications for treatment and intervention, highlighting that cognitions may be a more significant predictor for sexual offending than deviance and thus a key focus for prevention and intervention methods. Furthermore, the current study also shows that paraphilic preferences are becoming more common in society, indicating that the boundaries between normophilic and paraphilic interests should be redefined.
... There are three specifiers in the DSM-5 for Exhibitionistic Disorder including preferred exposure to prepubescent children, adults, or both. There is little empirical evidence to support these subtypes (Långström, 2010); however, research suggests that there is overlap between the paraphilic disorders (Abel et al., 1988;Bradford et al., 1992;Fedora et al., 1992;Freund et al., 1997) and thus giving a specifier of preferred exposure to prepubescent children may help the diagnostician consider or rule out co-occurring pedophilia (Långström, 2010). ...
... While the exact prevalence of exhibitionistic disorder remains elusive, exhibitionistic behavior it not uncommon (Firestone et al., 2006;Rabinowitz-Greenberg et al., 2002). Exhibitionistic acts are the most commonly reported sex crime accounting for between onethird (Rooth, 1973) and two-thirds of all reported sexual offenses (Abel et al., 1988;Firestone et al., 2006;Gebhard et al., 1965;McNally & Fremouw, 2014). ...
... In a study of 241 individuals with exhibitionistic disorder, 32% also engaged in voyeurism and 30% also engaged in frotteurism (Bader et al., 2008;Freund, 1990). Another study of 142 exhibitionists found that 93% of the sample also engaged in pedophilia, rape, or voyeurism (Abel et al., 1988;Bader et al., 2008). ...
... Likewise, there is a lack of research concerning psychological treatment effectiveness, specifically for persons convicted of contact and noncontact offenses (Gallo, 2020). Non-contact offenders tend to be co-diagnosed with multiple paraphilic diagnoses (Abel et al., 1988) and with mental illnesses such as major depression, compulsive sexual behavior, or substance use (Grant, 2005;Raymond et al., 1999). Consequently, questions arise regarding the role that these comorbidities play in the effectiveness of therapeutic programs and how they impact recidivism. ...
... The core criminogenic needs of people committing sexual offenses include offenserelated sexual interest, sexual preoccupation, sexual offense-supportive attitudes, and intimacy deficits (Hanson et al., 2009). Offense-related paraphilic interests are wellrecognized predictors of sexual offending (Seto, 2019) and re-offending (Dennis et al., 2012;Hanson & Bussière, 1998) and are considered by some to be primary motivators for criminal sexual behavior (Abel et al., 1988). For instance, paraphilic sexual interest in children as measured by phallometric assessment is the strongest predictor of pedosexual offense recidivism (Hanson & Bussière, 1998). ...
Evidence concerning specific paraphilia treatment effectiveness is limited. We present observation data of 127 men convicted of paraphilic sexual offenses who attended inpatient and outpatient follow-up treatment in Czechia. We collected participants’ sociodemographic and treatment-related information, including STATIC-99R scores, and used proportional hazards models to analyze variables’ effect on recidivism risk. Within the observation period, the general recidivism and sexual recidivism rates were 33.1% and 16.5%, respectively, and the sexual contact recidivism rate was 4.7%. The total STATIC-99 score for those who re-offended was 5.65 (SD = 2.11) and for those who did not was 3.98 (SD = 2.02). Recidivism risk was 7.52 times higher for those diagnosed with exhibitionism than with pedophilia, sadomasochism, or antisocial personality disorder. General recidivism is comparable to others’ findings. We attribute the lower sexual contact recidivism rate to the combined effects of psychological and pharmacological treatment, and higher numbers of non-contact offenses to limited antidepressant use.
... A summary measure of prior arrest charges for contact sexual offenses (M ¼ 1.96, SD ¼ 3.01, range ¼ 0-19) is included because prior offending is the most robust predictor of subsequent offending (Alink & Egeland, 2013;Barnes & Boutwell, 2012;Lussier et al., 3 Numerous studies indicate that paraphilic disorders are positively associated with not only sexual offending but also non-sexual forms of crime (e.g. Abel et al., 1988;Babchishin et al., 2015;DeLisi et al., 2017;Smallbone & Wortley, 2004;Woodworth et al., 2013) and/or that paraphilic disorders are a significant developmental step in the etiology of sexual offending (Abel et al., 1988;Cale et al., 2014;Lee et al., 2002). 4 Pornography addiction is not a paraphilic disorder per se, but was included in the offender's psychiatric and psychological documents and thus used in the present study. ...
... A summary measure of prior arrest charges for contact sexual offenses (M ¼ 1.96, SD ¼ 3.01, range ¼ 0-19) is included because prior offending is the most robust predictor of subsequent offending (Alink & Egeland, 2013;Barnes & Boutwell, 2012;Lussier et al., 3 Numerous studies indicate that paraphilic disorders are positively associated with not only sexual offending but also non-sexual forms of crime (e.g. Abel et al., 1988;Babchishin et al., 2015;DeLisi et al., 2017;Smallbone & Wortley, 2004;Woodworth et al., 2013) and/or that paraphilic disorders are a significant developmental step in the etiology of sexual offending (Abel et al., 1988;Cale et al., 2014;Lee et al., 2002). 4 Pornography addiction is not a paraphilic disorder per se, but was included in the offender's psychiatric and psychological documents and thus used in the present study. ...
Child pornography possession/receipt offenders are a controversial offender group due to mixed and occasionally divergent evidence about their risk profile, offending history and psychopathology. Using a population of male offenders who ever perpetrated a sexual offense from a federal jurisdiction in the central United States, the current study developed an exploratory post hoc empirical profile of these offenders. The profile has some success in the validation component of our study and showed significant associations with self-reported sexual abuse of child victims ages 3-12 years, but non-significant associations to adolescent and adult victims. It significantly linked to the conceptually expected victim group and the significant statistical effect withstood controls for generally robust indicators of antisocial conduct including antisocial personality disorder, arrest onset, total adverse childhood experiences, age and race. We view the findings as exploratory and encourage additional empirical study of this important offender group.
... As stated, these associations are relative as it is known that some individuals demonstrate cross-over in relationship type (i.e., intra vs. extra-familial offending) as well as the age and gender of the children they sexually abuse and therefore present a differential risk to children with different characteristics. Among individuals with multiple child victims, cross-over of victim age may be more common than cross-over with gender (e.g., up to half of individuals reported cross-over for age and a fifth for cross-over for gender; see Abel et al., 1988;Saramago et al., 2020;Sim & Proeve, 2010). Looking at this more specifically, cross-over with gender may be more common among individuals targeting younger children (Levenson et al., 2008), a finding supported in a large sample of men recruited on the internet who self-reported pedophilic/hebephilic preferences (see Bailey et al., 2016). ...
... The percentages of cross-over can differ based on sampling and research methods, including the source for data collection. Higher percentages of cross-over may be more commonly reported in studies involving self-report (Abel et al., 1988;Heil et al., 2003;Sim & Proeve, 2010) including the use of polygraph (e.g., English et al., 2003). Greater stability of victim type may be more commonly reported in studies involving official data such as investigative and criminal records (e.g., Cann et al., 2007). ...
Accessing child sexual exploitation material (CSEM; child pornography in legal statutes) can indicate sexual interest in children. It logically follows then that the age and gender of the depicted children may reflect specific interests in those age/gender groups, and if so, may correspond to age and genders of any known contact offending victims. We had data on CSEM characteristics and child victims for 71 men convicted of CSEM offenses who also had contact sexual offenses against children; some had also sexually solicited children online. Sixty-four men had 134 prior or concurrent child victims, and 14 men reoffended directly against 17 children during follow-up. There were significant, positive associations (with moderate to large effect sizes) between age and gender of children depicted in CSEM and age and gender of child contact or solicitation victims. Examining future offending, though with only 14 recidivists, all men who sexually reoffended against a girl had more girl CSEM content, and all men who sexually reoffended against a boy had more boy CSEM content. Our results suggest that CSEM characteristics can reflect child preferences. This information can be relevant in clinical settings, police investigations, and community risk management, though it does not rule out interest in, or offending against, victims of other ages or gender. We discuss these findings in the context of other evidence regarding victim cross-over, and suggest future research.
... In the case of bestiality, then, it is important to understand the risk for violence and other problematic sexual behaviors that is posed by individuals who engage in sex with animals. One of the earliest studies of bestiality and its relationship to other problematic sexual behaviors examined over 500 men who were seeking voluntary evaluation and treatment for paraphilias-disorders of atypical sexual interest-and related behaviors [52]. The authors found that individuals who reported a history of bestiality had, on average, 4.8 comorbid paraphilias, such as pedophilia. ...
... It may be that some individuals are exclusive zoophiles whose atypical sexual interests do not extend beyond animals. Abel's work [52,53] suggests against this hypothesis; however, the individuals in his studies were self-referred or referred by others for a spectrum of problematic sexual behaviors, which would likely fail to sample the hypothesized exclusive zoophile. Because the samples involved in these studies are not representative of the general population-and likely not representative of all individuals who engage in bestiality-their generalizability and use in crafting legislation are significantly curtailed. ...
Simple Summary
Laws punishing individuals who have sex with nonhuman animals have existed since the earliest written legal codes. In the United States, bestiality has long been prohibited. The rationale for criminalizing sex acts with animals has changed over time and has included moral condemnation, considerations of animal rights and animal welfare, and most recently, a concern about the relationship between animal cruelty and interpersonal violence, colloquially known as the Link. This article reviews the history and current state of bestiality law in the United States. It notes important differences in language, specificity, and potential punishments for offenders depending on the jurisdiction. It also reviews the research basis of the Link between bestiality and interpersonal violence and some risks associated with a reliance on the Link to promote legislative reform.
Abstract
Societies have proscribed bestiality, or sex between humans and nonhuman animals, since the earliest recorded legal codes. In the early American colonies, religious prohibitions against bestiality provided the grounds for punishing those who engaged in such acts. In the 1800′s, Henry Bergh imported the animal welfare approach to the United States, which modernized the legislative treatment of animals in the country. Until recently, however, many laws in the U.S. have been outdated and vague and have utilized moralistic terminology. Since the 1960′s, a growing body of literature has developed suggesting that individuals who harm animals may also interpersonally offend. This concept, known as the Link, has served as a major motivation for advocates to promote new legislation criminalizing bestiality, to modernize old state statutes, and to expand penalties for individuals convicted of having sex with animals. Unfortunately, data supporting the Link between bestiality and interpersonal violence are limited and of questionable generalizability to the broad public. The Link’s weaknesses can assist in guiding further research. This article summarizes the history of bestiality law, the current state of bestiality legislation in the United States, the body of Link-related literature on bestiality and interpersonal violence and other problematic sexual behaviors, and the empirical weaknesses and needs revealed by this legislation.
... Studies showed that about 50% to 60% of sexual offenders against children were pedophiles (Seto, 2008) and evidence suggested that they tend not to be aggressive and violent (Cohen et al., 2007). Given the frequent comorbidity among paraphilias (Abel et al., 1988), other paraphilias are involved in sexual offending although their prevalence tends to vary considerably across subgroups of offenders (Balon, 2016;Laws & O'Donohue, 2008). Pretactile paraphilias such as voyeurism, exhibitionism, and frotteurism characterized child sexual offenders while coercive tactile paraphilias (e.g., sexualized violence, sadism) were more frequent among men who sexually abuse adults (Kingston et al., 2010;Longpré et al., 2016;Paquette & McPhail, 2020;Shechory & Ben-David, 2005). ...
... This aspect is less likely to be a characteristic in sexual offending against adolescents compared to sexual offending involving child victims, but more likely a characteristic in sexual offending against adults. This finding is in line with studies that identified higher rates of paraphilias among men who targeted children than those who targeted adults (e.g., Abel et al., 1988). It is, however, in contrast with findings by Sea and Beauregard (2018) who found no difference in terms of paraphilias between sexual offenders against female children, adolescents, and adults. ...
This study examines the characteristics of the sexual victimization of adolescents and provides a comparison with the ones of children and adults. The sample includes 2,665 sexual abuse cases of female children, adolescents, and adults in France. Analyses revealed differential patterns in factors associated with the sexual victimization of adolescents. Findings suggest that the sexual victimization of adolescents may be located along a continuum in terms of sexuality, antisociality, and situational factors, between children and adult victimization. Implications for the prevention of the victimization of adolescents, clinical considerations for offenders, and avenues for future research are discussed.
... Indeed, some men who have been charged or convicted of child pornography offenses possess both typical adult pornography and atypical pornography, such as depictions of sexual violence, bestiality, or fetishism (Endrass et al., 2009;Seto & Eke, 2015). Pedophilia (sexual interest in prepubescent children) can co-occur with other paraphilias, such as sexual interest in coercive sex, as suggested in studies by Abel et al. (1988) and Bradford et al. (1992) examining the co-occurrence of different paraphilic behaviors. For example, in Abel et al. (1988), a majority of the men who had sexually offended against children, and thus who were deemed likely to have pedophilia, showed evidence of other paraphilic interests. ...
... Pedophilia (sexual interest in prepubescent children) can co-occur with other paraphilias, such as sexual interest in coercive sex, as suggested in studies by Abel et al. (1988) and Bradford et al. (1992) examining the co-occurrence of different paraphilic behaviors. For example, in Abel et al. (1988), a majority of the men who had sexually offended against children, and thus who were deemed likely to have pedophilia, showed evidence of other paraphilic interests. There is evidence that having multiple paraphilias increase the risk of sexual offending (Brouillette-Alarie & Proulx, 2019; Mann et al., 2010). ...
The effects of pornography are hotly debated in the scientific literature, especially its potentially negative influence on sexual offending. While studies do not support direct effects of pornography use on sexual offending, pornography is hypothesized to have a catalytic effect among men who are predisposed to sexually offend due to the presence of other risk factors. Using a sample of 241 men varying in sexual offending history, this study examined the associations of different types of pornography consumption, offense-supportive cognitions, and atypical sexual interests on sexual offending against boys or girls. Bivariate analyses support the idea that people seek pornography that matches their sexual interests. Multivariate analyses revealed that the only type of pornography associated with contact sexual offending against boys or girls was child pornography, as it had incremental validity predicting number of victims beyond offense-supportive cognitions and atypical sexual interests. Moderation analyses suggested that, as hypothesized, child pornography consumption amplifies the effect of sexual interests for boys on sexual offending against boy victims. However, that moderation effect was not found for sexual offending against girls. Clinical and research implications are discussed, focusing on the importance of including measures of pornography consumption within forensic assessment and management protocols.
... The most common comparison was intra-versus extra-familial relationships (1984) )0.0% 2.1% Inmates convicted of sex crimes being considered for parole b. Hall and Proctor (1987) 1.2% Sex offenders evaluated at a hospital c. Abel, Becker, Cunningham-Rathner, Mittelman, & Rouleau, 1988 42.6% 20.0% 23.4% Repeat sex offenders in a community-based program for pedophiles d. Weinrott and Saylor (1991) 20.2% 32.2% Repeat sex offenders in treatment at a hospital e. Elliott, Browne, and Kilcoyne (1995) 7.7% 28.0% 9.0% Mixed sample of sex offenderscommunity, incarcerated, hospital f. ...
... Age = 0/144 = 0%; Gender = 3/144 = 2.1% Hall and Proctor (1987) p. 111. 4/342 = 1.2% Abel et al. (1988) p. 158. But note that the percentages had to be corrected because the text put 239/561 = 42.3% ...
Polymorphic or crossover sexual offenders have victims in different categories (e.g., adult and child victims; male and female victims; related and non-related victims). The present study systematically reviewed and synthesized the existing literature in an effort to ascertain the prevalence of crossover among sexual offenders that takes into account potentially relevant methodological features that might affect the estimates. Our search yielded 47 studies involving 35,572 contact sexual offenders. Key findings include: The mean prevalence of offenders who had both adult and child victims was 19.1% (based on 43 studies); the mean prevalence of offenders who had both male and female victims was 15.2% (based on 20 studies); the prevalence of offenders who had both related and non-related victims was 19.9% (based on 21 studies). Prevalence estimates more than doubled when the outcome measure is unofficially detected offending (ascertained via self-report or polygraph) versus officially detected offending (e.g., criminal justice statistics). The prevalence of victim age crossover was higher when the sample preselected offenders with multiple known victims, though sample preselection did not affect the prevalence of victim gender or relationship crossover. The nation in which the study was conducted does not appear to influence the prevalence of crossover offending.
... Individuals arrested for child sexual exploitation material offenses often possess pornographic content featuring themes such as fetishism, sadomasochism, and zoophilia, suggesting a potential interest in these paraphilias (Seto & Eke, 2015). This aligns with findings from Abel et al. (1988) and Raymond et al. (1999), which show that child-attracted persons-a subset of minor-attracted persons-who have committed sexual offenses against children often have sexual interests in other paraphilic behaviors, including exhibitionism, voyeurism, and sexual sadism. However, these studies focus on men who have committed sexual offenses against children, and might not generalize to all adults reporting sexual attraction to minors. ...
While a few studies have investigated the sexual fantasies of adults reporting sexual attraction to minor, none, to the best of our knowledge, have focused on the specific types of content of these fantasies. in this qualitative study, we conducted content and thematic analyses of the sexual fantasies reported by an international sample of 112 adults reporting sexual attraction to minors recruited online. seven themes were found: Minor-focused fantasies, Other paraphilic fantasies, Unrealistic fantasies, Incestuous fantasies, Adult-focused fantasies, Promiscuous fantasies, and Group sex fantasies. the sexual fantasies of adults reporting sexual attraction to minors exhibited diversity both in terms of the individuals involved and in the range of sexual practices imagined. however, much of the sexual fantasy content shared by participants was predominantly of a paraphilic nature. approximately one-third of the fantasies involved minor as sexual partners, romantic partners, or featured participants imagining themselves as minors. additionally, nearly half of the disclosed sexual fantasies refer-enced other paraphilic sexual interests, such as violence, fetishism, exhibi-tionism/voyeurism, body fluids, and zoophilia. Results of our research highlight the possibility of co-occurring paraphilic interests in adults reporting sexual attraction to minors.
... It is generally assumed that the dark number is high for this kind of offending. According to Abel et al. (1988), the ratio of arrest could be as high as 1:150, based on the verification of subjects' self-reported frequency with arrest records. Incidents are often not reported to the police and reported cases are difficult to solve (Långström & Seto, 2006;Riordan, 1999). ...
Indecent exposure is often regarded as a nuisance offense and detailed studies into this topic are relatively rare. However, there is consensus that relatively high recidivism rates and risk of escalation to more severe offenses can be of serious concern among these perpetrators. This cohort study aims to increase our general knowledge on the basic characteristics of these offenses and includes all registered police cases of indecent exposure in the Netherlands between 2012 and 2020, including 6741 incidents, involving 4663 suspects and 3808 registered victims. This first study of a large cohort over a long period of time describes the basic characteristics of these incidents, the perpetrators and their victims, and visualizes the results to explore trends over time. Results show that a modal indecent exposure incident is perpetrated by a 25-year-old male, on foot, on a public road, on a Wednesday afternoon in July, masturbating and directing his genitals intentionally toward a 13-year-old girl. The age distribution of victims shows remarkable similarity to victims of sexual assault. Compared to the first year of the period studied, the number of annually reported incidents gradually declined to half in the last year of the study. Findings are discussed in light of the most prominent theories on exhibitionism. Issues and suggestions relevant to apprehension and treatment of perpetrators are identified and discussed.
... Masochism and transvestism are dissimilar in their expression, and thus, their co-occurrence is interesting. Attempts to study associations among other paraphilias, such as pedophilia, have produced conflicting results (Abel et al., 1988;Marshall, 2007;Smallbone & Wortley, 2004). It is likely that some paraphilias occur together more regularly than others do. ...
Is the category paraphilia a natural kind? That is, do different paraphilias share anything scientifically interesting or are they classified together because they are unusual and sometimes problematic? We investigated this question systematically in 11 samples of paraphilic males (N = 4,617) and 11 samples of control males (N = 1,494). Primary data consisted of responses to the 11-item Paraphilic Interests Scale. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the scale mean was similar for paraphilic and control samples. Using logistic regression and the same items, we derived three highly correlated measures that robustly discriminated paraphilic and control samples (ds ranging from 0.86 to 0.92). These successful measures capitalized on the unanticipated fact that some items (especially those assessing transvestism and masochistic humiliation) were positively associated with membership in paraphilic samples, while others (especially those assessing voyeurism) were negatively associated with such membership. Subsequent analyses focused on one of the measures, the Paraphilic Interests Scale Contrast (PISC). Consistent with prior findings distinguishing paraphilias and homosexual orientation, PISC was not elevated among homosexual males compared with heterosexual males among the control groups. Within four paraphilic samples, PISC was positively associated with additional paraphilic phenomena. Results provide tentative support for both the proposition that paraphilia is a natural kind and the usefulness of PISC as a measure of paraphilia.
... While this trend was found across gender, slight differences were also found between males and females, with males reporting higher rates of fantasies and behaviours for voyeurism and frotteurism while females reporting higher rates of fantasies and behaviours for masochism. Furthermore, Bártová et al. (2021) found that 15.5% of males and 5% of females reported more than one paraphilic preference, supporting Abel, Becker, Cunningham-Rathner, Mittelman, and Rouleau's (1988) early work, who revealed that multiple paraphilic preferences can co-exist. ...
Purpose: Paraphilia can be defined as a condition in which the sexual excitement rely on fantasizing and/or participating in unusual sexual behaviour. The last decades have been rich with new studies investigating the prevalence of paraphilic desires and behaviours among the general population as well as clarifying the boundary between paraphilic and normophilic. However, few studies have focused on paraphilic interests' nomological network.
Methods: The project aimed to assess the prevalence of paraphilias among the general population, including a subgroup of people with self-reported atypical sexual interests. Furthermore, the relationship between Childhood Traumatic Experiences, Personality Traits, Hypersexuality, Pornography Consumption and Paraphilic Arousal was examined through mediation analysis. Analyses were conducted on a sample of N = 372 participants.
Results: Analyses revealed a difference in the prevalence between sexual fantasy and sexual arousal, with a majority of self-reported arousal being lower than fantasy. Furthermore, mediation analyses revealed that the relationship between trauma and arousal is mediated by hypersexuality, problematic pornography consumption and personality traits.
Conclusions: Abuses during childhood are the starting point of an over-involvement in sexuality, which increase the likelihood of developing atypical sexual interest or behaviour. Implications will be discussed.
... This line of inquiry would allow to identify whether some sexual fantasies could be considered potential risk factors for the development of paraphilia, paraphilic disorders, atypical behavior, or potentially harmful sexual behavior. Abel et al. (1988) highlighted another substantial finding regarding paraphilic behavior by noting that individuals who engage in one type of paraphilia are likely to also engage in other types. In fact, Abel et al.'s (1988) results highlighted that it is rare to find individuals with only 1 paraphilia while most "paraphiliacs" in their sample experienced up to 10 different types of paraphilia. ...
... This line of inquiry would allow to identify whether some sexual fantasies could be considered potential risk factors for the development of paraphilia, paraphilic disorders, atypical behavior, or potentially harmful sexual behavior. Abel et al. (1988) highlighted another substantial finding regarding paraphilic behavior by noting that individuals who engage in one type of paraphilia are likely to also engage in other types. In fact, Abel et al.'s (1988) results highlighted that it is rare to find individuals with only 1 paraphilia while most "paraphiliacs" in their sample experienced up to 10 different types of paraphilia. ...
Paraphilia is a condition in which the sexual excitement rely on fantasizing and/or participating in unusual sexual behaviours although the line between “normal” and “abnormal” has been disputed. The project aimed to explore which sexual fantasies and behaviours are common and uncommon in the general population. Furthermore, the relationship between sexual fantasies, sexual behaviours and problematic pornography consumption was examined. Finally, the impact of gender was assessed. Analyses were conducted on a sample of 139 participants. Correlations were found between fantasies, behaviours and problematic pornography consumption. Furthermore, gender differences were found for both sexual fantasies and problematic pornography consumption. Finally, multiple regression revealed that age, gender [Men], fantasies and behaviours were significant predictor of problematic pornography consumption. Those findings are in-line with previous studies which highlighted that the threshold to consider a sexual practice as being abnormal needs to be reconsidered on the basis of self-reported fantasies and behaviours in the general population.
... In contrast, if one is at either extreme on a Kinsey-type scale of sexuality, they will not be subject to xxx.e2 disruptions in affectionate connections to another person. Extreme paraphilic interests can create a lifelong impediment to bonding, emotional intimacy, and sexual fulfillment (Roche et al., 1999), and in their most extreme forms can lead to grievous harm to oneself or others as the paraphilic theme becomes the imperative in the sex act (American Psychiatric Association, 2013;Porter and Kaplan, 2011) and is associated with significant risks (Abel et al., 1988;Jenkins, 2000). The disruption of normative intimate relationships is particularly significant with sadomasochism in that stimuli that are commonly aversive become sources of sexual delight. ...
Objective
The development of sexuality begins in early childhood and is vital to a normative sexual development over the lifespan. Unfortunately, this developmental process can be disrupted by many traumatic events. Of these, childhood abuse may be the most damaging: it has been shown to disrupt the natural development of sexuality, one of the manifestations being increased tendencies towards sexual paraphilias, especially sexual masochism and sadism, which can be particularly harmful in their more extreme forms. The current study sought to investigate links between three types of childhood abuse: psychological, physical, and sexual–and the genesis of adult sadomasochistic sexual tendencies, and how the relationship between child abuse and sadomasochism differs by gender.
Method
An online survey was conducted on a sample of 1219 participants who were queried regarding childhood psychological, sexual, and physical abuse. Based on the results of life history items, the participants were separated into the categories “abused” and “non-abused”. Both groups were then given a Masochism and Sadism survey with items adapted from Fisher et al. (2011). For analysis, sadistic and masochistic orientations were partitioned into severity levels of light and heavy masochism, and light, heavy, and passive sadism.
Results
The results confirmed that childhood abuse, especially sexual, increases sadomasochistic tendencies. These increases varied by gender such that abused males exhibited more sadistic preferences and females more masochistic. Levels of sadism and masochism varied with history of abuse and gender. The analyses also resulted in triple interactions for both masochism and sadism, as well as in several simple effects. There were no gender differences for heavy masochism and passive sadism, however, light masochism was more prominent in females, and heavy and light sadism was found more commonly in males. Additionally, the presence of any form of abuse was connected with significantly higher heavy, light and passive masochism and sadism.
Conclusion
Differing types of childhood abuse, as well as gender, affect sadomasochistic preferences in adulthood, and the magnitude of these preferences.
... Identifying piquerism in an individual can be difficult. Offenders, generally, are often cautious about revealing any paraphilic interests for fear of social and legal repercussions [7]. Even an examination of crime scene characteristics can miss a piquerist signature; the sexual motive of an attack is easily dismissed when there are no signs of sexual assault or rape. ...
As part of a wider research project into paraphilic disorders and homicide, a case is presented of a piquerist who achieved sexual satisfaction through the infliction of stabbing wounds. Against a background of sexual domination with willing and unwilling sexual partners, the offender stabbed four men to death. A study of the resulting autopsy reports, in association with the offender's testimony and crime scene documentation, was undertaken to discern a piquerist crime scene signature. An excessive number of stabbing wounds, the targeting of sexual areas, and a variation in wound size and depth were found to be evidence of piquerism. Although there was opportunity to commit a sexual assault upon victims, the preference was to penetrate them with a knife. It is contended that, even without any evidence of sexual assault at a crime scene, a knife wound analysis can reveal a sexual motivation in some cases of homicide.
... In addition, persons who report paraphilic behaviors report having, on average, a higher sexual drive than persons who do not, whether they are recruited in clinical (e.g., Kafka, 1997), correctional (e.g., Abel et al., 1988) or non-clinical settings (Ahlers et al., 2011;Bouchard et al., 2017;Castellini et al., 2018;Långström & Hanson, 2006;Långström & Zucker, 2005;Shulman & Horne, 2006). This higher sexual drive might be associated with higher sexual diversity. ...
... [4] There has been some research that has shown the existence of a biological mechanism, mainly through monoamine neurotransmitters that lead to abnormal sexual behavior. [5] Although not specific to frotteurism, paraphilias have generally been associated with the following additional mental health diagnoses: [6] -social anxiety; -brain injuries; -the history of sexual abuse, in general, was associated with a paraphilic disorder; -intellectual disabilities; -substance abuse; -the presence of others or an accumulation of paraphilias, in particular exhibitionism and frotteurism. ...
Frotteurism disorder or frotteurism is one of the paraphilic disorders that cause sexual arousal. It is the act of touching or rubbing the genitals against a person in a sexual manner, without their consent, to obtain sexual pleasure or to reach orgasm. Those who practice frotteurism find pleasure in having a private sexual experience in a public setting.
... Det samme gjør en liten studie av menn med parafilier som søkte utredning. Her ble de med zoofili funnet å ha flest andre parafilier, gjennomsnittlig 4.8 til sammen, inkludert pedofili og seksuell sadisme (Abel et al., 1988). ...
Sexual contact between humans and animals is known from early times, but the prevalence remains unknown. Research on individuals who have sexual contact with animals has largely been conducted on individuals who are incarcerated or who are recruited from the internet and who consider themselves zoophiles. This paper is a synopsis of some of the available literature from the perspectives of law, veterinary science and psychology. Whether human beings who conduct sexual acts with animals are at increased risk of interpersonal violence is discussed. Some claim that zoophilia may be a sexual orientation and that sexual contact should be tolerated as long as the animal does not suffer. Others stress that sexual contact with animals is always wrong because it involves coercion, violates the rights of others, and because the animal cannot provide genuine consent or report abuse. This lack of consent is paramount to current psychiatric classifications of zoophilia. Reporting of animal abuse is one of the exceptions to health professionals’ duty of confidentiality.
... [4] There has been some research that has shown the existence of a biological mechanism, mainly through monoamine neurotransmitters that lead to abnormal sexual behavior. [5] Although not specific to frotteurism, paraphilias have generally been associated with the following additional mental health diagnoses: [6] -social anxiety; -brain injuries; -the history of sexual abuse, in general, was associated with a paraphilic disorder; -intellectual disabilities; -substance abuse; -the presence of others or an accumulation of paraphilias, in particular exhibitionism and frotteurism. ...
This chapter provides a comprehensive, evidence-based, and pragmatic overview of forensic and clinical aspects of sexual sadism (SS). This includes conceptual and diagnostic issues, particularly dimensionality and its implications for assessment and diagnosis. Relevant differential diagnoses and comorbidities, including sexual and personality disorders, are considered. The multi-faceted etiology and development of SS is set out, including various biopsychosocial factors of relevance and theoretical models. Prevalence rates in the general population and in those who commit sexual offences and violence are outlined. Then specific groups are considered, including those who commit rape, sexual homicide and child sexual abuse; young, female and non-offending individuals; and those who practice BDSM, highlighting why it should not be conflated with forensically or clinically relevant SS. The chapter then provides practical guidance on assessment, including applying an objective dimensional behavioral scale, the Sexual Sadism Scale (SESAS), to anchor the diagnostic assessment, and important considerations in risk assessment. Recommendations for psychological and pharmacological treatment are made, including considering the impact of working with such individuals on practitioners and systems, before addressing management issues in court, prison or hospital, and the community.
This chapter gives a comprehensive, evidence-based, and pragmatic overview of forensic and clinical aspects of pedophilia and pedophilic disorder. Strengths and difficulties in the current diagnostic criteria are identified, and the clear overlap with hebephilia is described. The difference between pedophilia and child sexual abuse is explained. Comorbid conditions are considered and the etiology of pedophilia is explored with a conclusion that there are likely two primary pathways to developing pedophilic and hebephilic interests. The presence of pedophilia in adolescents and females is discussed and a range of typological frameworks and behavioral rating scales are provided to assist researchers and practitioners in identifying sexual offenders with a preferential pedophilic interest. Approaches to assessment, risk assessment, treatment, and management are also discussed.
Voyeurism, exhibitionism, and frotteurism are recognized by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) as sexual paraphilias that involve sexual arousal derived from non-consenting individuals (APA, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). This chapter will focus on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition [DSM-5] definitions of Voyeuristic, Exhibitionistic, and Frotteuristic Disorders. This chapter will be divided into two parts. In the first part, what is known about Voyeuristic, Exhibitionistic, and Frotteuristic Disorders is presented in terms of diagnostic criteria, prevalence, frequency, age of onset, and scope of the problem separately by disorder. However, given the overlap between the disorders and the dearth of research about these paraphilias in general, the second part of the chapter will broadly discuss comorbidity, differential diagnosis, etiological theories, clinical assessment, and interventions for all three paraphilias in tandem and will conclude with recommendations for future research.
Exploring a specific type of sexual violence committed by a specific type of sexual offender, namely adult male on adult female stranger sexual violence, this book provides readers with an enhanced understanding of both the offences being committed and the offenders who commit them.
Notre perception des individus ayant recours aux pratiques sexuelles sadiques a longtemps été influencée par la médiatisation d’infractions sexuelles particulièrement graves, généralement des homicides sexuels sadiques. En effet, la plupart des gens associent le sadisme sexuel à des noms de meurtriers sexuels en série tels que Ted Bundy ou Guy Georges. Toutefois, le profil psychologique et les comportements de ces individus ne sont absolument pas représentatifs du profil des individus qui, dans la population générale, pratiquent les activités sexuelles sadiques dans un cadre consensuel. Au-delà des individus pratiquant des activités sexuelles sadiques, les résultats scientifiques (ex. : enquête populationnelle), mais aussi certains succès de la culture populaire (ex. : livres), mettent en évidence que ce qui pouvait paraître autrefois comme étant stigmatisés et « déviants » l’a peut-être été de manière injustifiée en raison de l’engouement populaire que cette thématique peut susciter. Avec plus de 125 millions d’exemplaires imprimées et électroniques vendus dans le monde en 2015, la trilogie de romans érotiques Fifty Shades of Grey (Cinquante nuances de gris) de E.L. James, qui met en avant les pratiques sexuelles impliquant plusieurs déclinaisons du sadisme, de la servitude et de l’initiation à la soumission sexuelle, est en soi un marqueur intéressant des possibles nuances de sadisme au sein de la population générale. Dans cet entretien avec Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Jonathan James, Alexandre Gauthier, Étienne Garant, Ingrid Ménard et Tamsin Higgs dressent l’état des lieux de cet état du sadisme sexuel, que cela soit notamment en termes de pratiques sexuelles consentantes ou en termes d’intérêt sexuels coercitif sadique. // Our perception of individuals who engage in sadistic sexual practices has long been influenced by media coverage of highly severe sexual offenses, typically sadistic sexual homicides. Indeed, most people associate sexual sadism with the names of serial sexual murderers such as Ted Bundy or Guy Georges. However, the psychological profile and behaviors of these individuals are in no way representative of the profile of individuals in the general population who practice sadistic sexual activities in a consensual context. In addition from what seems to be a growing number of individuals engaging in consensual sadistic sexual activities, scientific findings (e.g.: population surveys) and certain popular culture successes (e.g.: books) reflect that what have been stigmatized and “deviant” in the past may have been unjustifiably labeled as such. The tremendous success of E. L. James's Fifty Shades of Grey trilogy of erotic novels, which showcases initiation into sexual practices involving several declinations of sadism, bondage and sexual submission, supports this argument. With over 125 million print and electronic copies sold worldwide in 2015, it is in itself an interesting marker of an interest towards sexual sadism within the general population. In this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Jonathan James, Alexandre Gauthier, Étienne Garant, Ingrid Ménard and Tamsin Higgs present the current state of knowledge on sexual sadism, both in terms of consensual sadistic sexual practices as well as the engagement in coercive and illegal sadistic sexual behaviors.
This study extended research on birth order and erotic preferences by examining birth order in a sample of pedophiles. Charts of 338 pedophiles, assessed from 1980–1994 in the Behavioural Sexology Department of the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry in Toronto, were reviewed for family–demographic information. In total, 170 (57 heterosexual pedophiles, 68 homosexual pedophiles, and 45 bisexual pedophiles) of these men had sufficient sibling information to be included in the analyses. The results indicated that homosexual–bisexual pedophiles had a later birth order than heterosexual pedophiles and that this effect was primarily the result of the homosexual–bisexual group being born later among their brothers. The results extend previous findings that homosexual men, regardless of sample composition, have a later birth order than comparable groups of heterosexual men. The results also challenge some existing theories on the nature and origins of pedophilia.
Evaluators have used the taxonomy for the paraphilias and residual paraphilias from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for 20 years to make mental abnormality determinations in sexually violent predator (SVP) cases. There are serious problems with including residual paraphilias in SVP evaluations. This chapter considers these issues from taxonometric, historical, and contemporary perspectives. It also describes details in DSM‐5 that bear on SVP and sex offender evaluations. We discourage assigning residual diagnoses for various reasons. Two are that they are characterized by great reliability deficiencies that produce high levels of diagnostic uncertainty. Most damning is APA's explicit rejection of proposals to include paraphilic coercive disorder (rape), hebephilia, and hypersexuality in DSM‐5. These labels were inappropriately included in SVP evaluations as residual paraphilias. Evaluators should warn the courts about the conceptual limits of using the paraphilias taxonomy to locate sex offenders on legal taxonomies.
The Massachusetts Treatment Center typology research programme combined rational and empirical research strategies in an iterative process to generate, test, and revise typological models of rape. The most recent rapist typology generated by this programme is the Massachusetts Treatment Center Rapist Typology, Version 4 (MTC:R4). In parallel with this programme, we have also generated and validated an aetiological model of rape. Although these research programmes focused on different populations (specific to sex offenders versus applicable to normal and criminal populations as well as to sex offenders), used different data sources (archival criminal records versus self‐report measures), and applied different analytic methods (cluster analyses and rational typology testing versus structural equation modelling), they nonetheless converged on the same three core traits (sexualization, callousness–unemotionality, and antisocial–impulsive). This chapter summarizes the development of each model and discusses the theoretical integration of the two models.
In this chapter, four theoretical models that were developed specifically to describe sexual homicide offending—both serial and non‐serial—are discussed. These theoretical frameworks are (a) the motivational model, (b) the trauma‐control model, (c) the paraphilic model, and (d) the social learning‐routine activity integrated theory.
Sexual offenders are surrounded by mythology, fascination, and revulsion. As our abusers, loved ones, clients, and supervisees, sex offenders present difficult and complicated issues interpersonally, as well as in treatment and management. Most people do not understand why and how someone who sexually abuses does what he does, so we inaccurately apply information or explanations that do nothing more than facilitate the offenders’ evasion of accountability and visibility. Denial, victim blaming, aggression, and blatant chronic deception are inherent in the interactions with sexual offenders. This book is specifically geared towards unmasking the offender by providing clear, comprehensible information about the motivations, techniques, and dynamics of sexual offenders. It will not only explore the biases and myths that the reader may rely upon to understand deviance, but will also explain pathways to offending, the distorted thinking and relating that offenders engage in, and the ways offenders manipulate and exploit others. The reader will explore the presumptions and assumptions commonly adopted about sexual offenders. There is a focus on exposing the sexual offender using straightforward language and tangible examples. The book includes safety and management strategies for the everyday reader, as well as the reader who might be in law enforcement or offender supervision.
Oral presentation given at the Association for the Treatment and Prevention of Sexual Abuse (ATSA)'s 41st annual research and treatment conference.
This aim of this presentation was to summarise the Descriptive Model of Voyeuristic Behavior (DMV; Lister & Gannon, 2022) and it's associated pathways. Background information on the literature on voyeurism at present was also given as well as a short evaluation of the research.
The authors postulate that the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) offers a hypothetically valuable framework for investigating Bondage, Discipline, Dominance, Submission and Sadomasochism (BDSM) and non-BDSM sexual behaviours, i.e. “vanilla” sex. This is because it examines attitudes, beliefs, subjective norms, intention, and perceived behavioural control over exhibited behaviours. Online cross-sectional data were gathered from participants classified as “BDSM” (n = 61) and “vanilla” (n = 41). Measures included the Theory of Planned Behaviour Questionnaire (TPB Constructs), as well as Anxiety (GAD–7), Depression (PHQ–9), and Self-Efficacy questionnaires. Findings revealed that the constructs of attitude towards vanilla sex predicts the person’s intention to engage in this behaviour (β = .42, p = .005). Similarly, perceived behavioural control predicts intention to engage in paraphilic or BDSM sex (β = .47, p < .001). This study concludes that the TPB is a useful model for predicting BDSM and vanilla sexual behavioural intention. Future research could uncover additional underlying determining or correlating factors associated with BDSM and vanilla sex, such as mental illness and childhood experiences. Having this understanding of the role that social cognition plays in the development and behaviour of different sexual practices, would benefit the development of sexual wellbeing programmes.
Quello dei giovani autori di reati sessuali (Juvenile Sexual Offender - JSO) è un fenomeno complesso, la cui valutazione psicopatologica e criminologica può risultare complessa ed insidiosa. Gli autori, in base a quanto riportato dalla letteratura specialistica ed alla loro personale esperienza clinica e di ricerca, delineano le principali caratteristiche strutturali e di funzionamento dei minori autori di reati sessuali (JSO). Vengono in particolare de- scritte l’eziopatogenesi, alcuni aspetti criminodinamici ed i principali fattori di rischio di recidiva dei comportamenti sessuali abusanti, quali elementi conoscitivi indispensabili alla valutazione ed alla successiva strategia riabilitativa, di cura, dei minori autori di sexual offending.
Summary: Juvenile sexual offending is a complex phenomenon, whose psychopathological and criminological assessment can be complex and insidious. The authors, according to literature and their personal clinical experience and research, outline the main structural characteristics and mental functions of Juvenile Sexual Offenders (JSO). They, in particolar, described the pathogenesis, criminodynamic and the main risk factors for relapse of abusive sexual behaviors, such as essential knowledge elements to assessment and subsequent rehabilitation strategy of juvenile sexual offending.
Child sexual abuse is typically studied using reports from the offender and in Western countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate pre- and post-abuse strategies of persons convicted of a sexual offense to children in Turkey using the statements made by the child victims and to frame the results using rational choice theory. A qualitative study was made for the themes in the police statements from 46 children who were victims of child sexual abuse. The content analysis revealed that persons convicted of a sexual offense to children differ in terms of their methods to approach children and in their pre- and post-abuse behaviors depending on their relationship with the victim. A total of 85 percent of the offenses were extra-familial and 15 percent within the family. Only 21 percent of the extra-familial offenses were opportunist; most involved bribes and introductions through friends or intermediaries. Two tactics unique to Turkey were promises of marriage and the use of children as intermediaries. The use of force and blackmail was more common in the intra-familial offenses. The results of the qualitative analysis were, on the whole, consistent with results from persons convicted of a sexual offense to children’s statements, but some of the tactics used by offenders in Turkey were unique to Turkish culture.
A key problem associated with adequate knowledge generation in pedophilia is that theories and studies predominantly examine abusive pedophilia. Acting abusively in relation to children—even where pedophilia is present—is likely to involve a different set of processes to those involved in the underlying concept of pedophilia itself. What is required is a consistent definition of pedophilia, as well as an explanation of its composition, to promote insight into the etiological mechanisms underpinning pedophilia independent of abusive behavior. In this manuscript, I critically review both the concept of pedophilia and existing pedophilia theory. Then, using the Phenomena Detection Method of Theory Construction (PDM-TC; Ward & Clack, 2019), I generate a compositional explanatory theory of pedophilia (CEToP). The CEToP examines the composition and possible causes of pedophilia via an overarching framework that specifies two key pathways as being responsible for the central clinical features of pedophilia and reconciles biological and environmental explanations of pedophilia. I examine this new theory according to key evaluative components associated with theory construction and conclude by highlighting the CEToP’s potential application for research and practice with individuals experiencing pedophilia.
FOREWORD
This monograph brings together 8 scientific articles and includes the research work of
young teams’ international researchers from Kosovo, the Netherlands, Israel, Romania, Serbia
and Hungary, who despite Covid-19 pandemic and the lockdowns they were in continued to
study and research diligently in the field of sexology.
Sex life during this period is clearly and obviously affected, but the way in which the bat
changed behavior, functionality and perception about and sex and sexuality you can find it
carefully reading this monograph whose main purpose is to answer the question: “how are we
having sex in a pandemic?” Paradoxically better, more, more intense, and different, as we like
in other words ... that is, sex caught the bat or vice versa... it remains to be seen.
Obviously, the appearance of this monograph is an exciting read, well documented and
using a Rigorous methodology conclusions and discussions show the high level of
professionalism of researchers who brought added value in this area of research during the
Covid-19 pandemic.
Professor Horea Vladi MATEI, MD, PhD
Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania
This monograph brings together 8 scientific articles and includes the research work of
young teams’ international researchers from Kosovo, the Netherlands, Israel, Romania, Serbia
and Hungary, who despite Covid-19 pandemic and the lockdowns they were in continued to
study and research diligently in the field of sexology.
Sex life during this period is clearly and obviously affected, but the way in which the bat
changed behavior, functionality and perception about and sex and sexuality you can find it
carefully reading this monograph whose main purpose is to answer the question: “how are we
having sex in a pandemic?” Paradoxically better, more, more intense, and different, as we like
in other words ... that is, sex caught the bat or vice versa... it remains to be seen.
Obviously, the appearance of this monograph is an exciting read, well documented and
using a Rigorous methodology conclusions and discussions show the high level of
professionalism of researchers who brought added value in this area of research during the
Covid-19 pandemic.
This article will present data gathered by the authors through structured clinical interviews of 561 paraphiliacs regarding demographic characteristics, frequency and variety of deviant sexual acts, and number and characteristics of victims. Results show that nonincarcerated sex offenders (1) are well educated and socioeconomically diverse; (2) report an average number of crimes and victims that is substantially higher than that represented in the current literature; and (3) sexually molest young boys with an incidence that is five times greater than the molestation of young girls. The relevance of these findings is discussed.
Ratings of the self and of the ideal self were obtained from 215 institutionalized child molesters and 143 child molesters who were living in the community. The discrepancy between the two ratings of the self is seen to be related to the descriptive terms used to depict the self Words that are clearly evaluative in nature did not lead to discrepancies in the two ratings. Words that were descriptive but nonevaluative gave rise to large differences between ratings of the ideal self and the real self. There were few apparent differences between the child molesters in the community and those in the institution.
Identifying dangerous child molesters, in Violent Behavior: Social Learning Approaches to Prediction, Management, and Treatment
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- Wd Murphy
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BrunnerIMazel, 1981
Sexual offenders: results of assessment and recommendations for treatment, in Clinical Criminology: Current Concepts
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Ben-Aron MH, Hucker SJ. Webster CD.
Toronto, M & M Graphics, 1985
Sexual disorders, in Medical Basis of Psychiatry
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Medical Basis of Psychiatry. Edited by Winokur G, Clayton P. Philadelphia: Saunders
(in press)
A clinical evaluation of possible sex offenders, in The Incest Offender, The Victim, The Family: New Treatment Approaches . White Plains, NY, The Mental Health Association of Westchester County
- Gg Abel
Abel GG: A clinical evaluation of possible
sex offenders, in The Incest Offender, The
Victim, The Family: New Treatment Approaches. White Plains, NY, The Mental
Health Association of Westchester County,
1985
Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics-1981. U.S. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, National Criminal Justice Information and Statistics Service
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Flanagan TJ, van Alstyne DJ, Gottfredson
MR (eds): Sourcebook of Criminal Justice
Statistics-1981. U.S. Law Enforcement
Assistance Administration, National Criminal Justice Information and Statistics Service. Washington, DC, U.S. Government
Printing Office, 1982
Sexually aggressive behavior. in Modem Legal Psychiatry and Psychology
- Gg Abel
- J Rouleau
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Abel GG, Rouleau J, Cunningham-Rathner
J: Sexually aggressive behavior. in Modem
Legal Psychiatry and Psychology. Edited by
Curran W, McGany AL. Shah SA. Philadelphia, Davis, 1985