No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Abstract
Manual and automated methods for the determination of blood glucose have been devised using an oxidase/peroxidase system, with dl adrenaline, a non-carcinogen, as oxygen acceptor. The manual technique employs a stable single solution protein precipitant and the other reagents used are also stable. The automated methods are operated at 40/hr sample speed and washover between samples, over a very wide concentration range, is negligible.
... Plasma urea, uric acid, and creatinine were estimated according to the manual provided by commercial diagnostic kits (SPINREACT ® , Spain) based on the Fawcett and J. E. Scott (1960), Caraway (1955), and Jaffe M (1886), respectively [25,26]. The plasma glucose level was determined from an enzymatic reaction using the method described by Trinder (1969) [27] in which glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and was measured at 492 nm. The total protein concentration in plasma was determined from the Biuret colorimetric method at an absorbance of 540 nm. ...
... Plasma urea, uric acid, and creatinine were estimated according to the manual provided by commercial diagnostic kits (SPINREACT ® , Spain) based on the Fawcett and J. E. Scott (1960), Caraway (1955), and Jaffe M (1886), respectively [25,26]. The plasma glucose level was determined from an enzymatic reaction using the method described by Trinder (1969) [27] in which glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and was measured at 492 nm. The total protein concentration in plasma was determined from the Biuret colorimetric method at an absorbance of 540 nm. ...
Background: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide. Despite advances in conventional treatments, there remains a significant need for more effective and natural alternatives to control hypertension. In this context, sprouted barley extracts have emerged as a potential therapeutic option. This study presents the evaluation of the bioactive properties of extracts from two varieties of barley germinated for different periods (3, 5, and 7 days), focusing on their potential to regulate blood pressure mechanisms. Objectives/Methods: The main objective was to assess the effects of these extracts on blood pressure regulation in N(ω)-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Renal (creatinine, urea, uric acid, and total protein) and endothelial (NOx levels) function, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I and II activity, and histopathological effects on heart and kidney tissues were evaluated. Results: In particular, Esmeralda barley extract demonstrated 83% inhibition of ACE activity in vitro. Furthermore, the combined administration of sprouted barley extract (SBE) and captopril significantly reduced blood pressure and ACE I and II activity by 22%, 81%, and 76%, respectively, after 3, 5, and 7 days of germination. The treatment also led to reductions in protein, creatinine, uric acid, and urea levels by 3%, 38%, 42%, and 48%, respectively, along with a 66% increase in plasma NO concentrations. Conclusions: This study highlights the bioactive properties of barley extracts with different germination times, emphasizing their potential health benefits as a more effective alternative to conventional antihypertensive therapies.
... The glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) assay is widely employed for determining cellular glucose uptake, which is based on Trinder reaction principle (178,179). Briefly, glucose is converted to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide by glucose oxidase (GOD), followed by peroxidase (POD) catalyzing hydrogen peroxide and inducing the formation of quinone imines from the chromogenic material (4-aminoantipyrine). The color intensity of quinone imines is proportional to the glucose concentration, allowing for measurement and calculation via absorbance. ...
Insulin resistance, a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is defined as a defect in insulin-mediated control of glucose metabolism in tissues such as liver, fat and muscle. Insulin resistance is a driving force behind various metabolic diseases, such as T2DM, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease and fatty liver. Therefore, improving insulin sensitivity can be considered as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of these complex metabolic diseases. Cell-based models are extensively employed for the study of pathological mechanisms and drug screening, particularly in relation to insulin resistance in T2DM. Currently, numerous methods are available for the establishment of in vitro insulin resistance models, a comprehensive review of these models is required and can serve as an excellent introduction or understanding for researchers undertaking studies in this filed. This review examines and discusses the primary methods for establishing and evaluating insulin resistance cell models. Furthermore, it highlights key issues and suggestions on cell selection, establishment, evaluation and drug screening of insulin resistance, thereby providing valuable references for the future research efforts.
... Blood samples were taken at the times indicated above, and the resulting plasma samples were stored at −20 • C for further analyses. The glucose concentration was determined via the glucose oxidase method [34] using a commercial kit (Gold Analisa ® , Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil). The levels of insulin were determined via radioimmunoassay [35] with a gamma counter (Wizard 2 Automatic Gamma Counter, TM-2470, PerkinElmer ® , Shelton, CT, USA). ...
Both perinatal malnutrition and elevated glucocorticoids are pivotal triggers of the growing global pandemic of metabolic diseases. Here, we studied the effects of metabolic stress responsiveness on glucose–insulin homeostasis and pancreatic-islet function in male Wistar offspring whose mothers underwent protein restriction during lactation. During the first two weeks after delivery, lactating dams were fed a low-protein (4% protein, LP group) or normal-protein diet (22.5% protein, NP group). At 90 days of age, male rat offspring were challenged with food deprivation (72 h of fasting), intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of dexamethasone (2 µL, 2.115 mmol/L) or chronic intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg body weight/5 days). Body weight, food intake, intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) results, insulin secretion and biochemical parameters were assessed. LP rats did not display significant metabolic changes after long-term starvation (p > 0.05) or under the central effect of dexamethasone (p = 0.999). Chronic dexamethasone induced rapid hyperglycemia (~1.2-fold, p < 0.001) and hyperinsulinemia (NP: 65%; LP: 216%; p < 0.001), decreased insulin sensitivity (NP: ~2-fold; LP: ~4-fold; p < 0.001), reduced insulinemia (20%) and increased glycemia (35%) only in NP rats under ivGTT conditions (p < 0.001). Glucose and acetylcholine insulinotropic effects, as well as the muscarinic receptor antagonist response, were reduced by chronic dexamethasone only in pancreatic islets from NP rats (p < 0.05). The direct effect of dexamethasone on pancreatic islets reduced insulin secretion (NP: 60.2%, p < 0.001; LP: 33.8%, p < 0.001). Peripheral glucose–insulin dyshomeostasis and functional failure of pancreatic islets in LP rats, as evidenced by an impaired acute and chronic response to metabolic stress, may be due to excessive corticosterone action as a long-term consequence.
... Serum glucose was assessed using glucose commercial kits (46861S, CliniChem) (Trinder, 1969), serum insulin level using rat insulin ELISA kits (CSB-E05070r, CUSABIO). serum TC level using TC commercial kits (303113050, ELITech Diagnostic, France, (Rivellese et al., 1994), serum triglycerides (TG) level using TG commercial kits (304710050, ELITech Diagnostic, France) (Dufour et al., 2000), serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level using HDL commercial kits (0599, Stanbio Laboratory, USA) (Dufour et al., 2000). ...
... Oxidative biomarker (Malondialdehyde: MDA) was evaluated according to (Ohkawa et al., 1979). The fasting blood glucose (FBG) was estimated according to method (Trinder, 1969), Commercial diagnostic kits were used for determination lipid profile, Total cholesterol was estimated based on the method of (Siedel et al., 1983), Triglycerides was assayed according to method of (Fossati and Prencipe, 1982), while the HDL-c and LDL-c were determined by method of (Burstein and Scholnik, 2016). ALT and AST was measured according to method described by (Reitman and and Frankel, 1957), whereas ALP was assayed depends on the method of (Kind and King, 1954). ...
... The fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured in plasma for both cases and controls. FBG was determined using enzymatic colorimetric method according to Trinder (Trinder 1969). The normal FBG was referred to a range from 70 to 100 mg/dl (Patolia et al. 2023). ...
Background
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is recommended to consume more than 400 grams of (fruits + vegetables) per day to enhance healthful lifestyle and to lower the incidence of metabolic illnesses. Their low glycemic index helps prevent spikes in blood sugar, consequently controlling hunger. Our aim was to study the reflection of the intake of fruits and that of vegetables on metabolic risks in obese children.
Results
A case–control research enrolled 90 Egyptian children (44 obese and 46 normal weight control children) aged from 5 to 11 years. Thirty-three out of 46 controls (71.7%) consumed vegetables on a daily basis compared to only 27 (61.4%) among cases. As regards fruits, the daily consumption was frequented more among the obese group 25 (58.1%) and less frequented among the control group 20 (43.5%). No significant associations were found between vegetables/fruits’ consumption and the specified metabolic markers of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia.
Conclusion
The role of fruits and vegetables is still debatable. In our study, the daily intake of fruits and vegetables was not significantly associated with changes in blood sugar or lipid levels.
... Albumin was assessed by using a bromocresol colorimetric assay (normal levels: 2.5-5.5 g/dL for women and 3-6 g/dL for men; [28]). Glucose was assessed by using an oxidase/peroxidase system (normal levels: 70-105 mg/dL; [29]). Total cholesterol was measured by means of oxidation from cholesteroxidase to cholest-4-en-3-one (normal levels: <200 mg/dL [30]). ...
Background: Stroke survivors frequently encounter malnutrition, adversely impacting clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, malnutrition and food consumption in post-stroke patients have not been frequently assessed, and their correlation with rehabilitation outcomes remains inadequately explored. The objective of this observational study was to evaluate malnutrition at admission in these patients, assess food consumption during a six-week rehabilitation program, and analyze their correlation with rehabilitation outcomes. Methods: Subacute post-stroke patients were evaluated at admission (T0) and after a six-week rehabilitation treatment (T1). At T0, we assessed clinical and demographic characteristics, and we diagnosed malnutrition according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Weight, BMI, hematochemical parameters, and activities of daily living with the modified Barthel Index (mBI) were evaluated at both T0 and T1; recovery was registered as a change in the mBI (ΔmBI = mBIT1 − mBIT0). Patients’ food consumption was recorded through visual plate waste estimation of three meals a day, 5 days a week, for six weeks of hospitalization for rehabilitation. Results: A total of 109 patients completed the study (51 women, mean age 69 ± 11). According to the GLIM criteria, 105 of these patients were at risk of malnutrition, while 43 were malnourished, with 15 severely malnourished. Malnourished patients wasted more food, with respect to non-malnourished patients, as measured by visual plate waste of total meals (25 ± 17% vs. 15 ± 14%; p = 0.001) and reached a lower ΔmBI. A linear regression analysis found a significant correlation between the ΔmBI, the waste of a “second dish”, which contained mainly protein, and serum albumin at admission, even after controlling for age. Conclusions: Malnutrition assessed with the GLIM criteria at admission and food consumption are two important nutritional parameters to evaluate in post-stroke patients hospitalized for rehabilitation due to their association with recovery.
... The fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured in plasma for both cases and controls. FBG was determined using enzymatic colorimetric method according to Trinder (Trinder, 1969). The normal FBG was referred to a range from 70-100 mg/dl (Patolia et al, 2023). ...
Background
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is recommended to consume more than four hundred grams of (fruits + vegetables) per day to enhance healthful lifestyle and to lower the incidence of cardio-metabolic illnesses. Their low glycemic index helps prevent spikes in blood sugar, consequently controlling hunger. Our aim was to study the reflection of the intake of fruits and that of vegetables on cardio-metabolic risks in obese children.
Results
A case-control research enrolled 90 Egyptian children (44 obese, 46 normal weight control children) aged from 5–11 years. Thirty-three out of forty-six controls (71.7%) consumed vegetables on a daily basis compared to only twenty-seven (61.4%) among cases. As regards fruits, the daily consumption was frequented more among the obese group 25 (58.1%) and less frequented among the control group. Daily intake of vegetables was not associated with lower risks of increased levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), LDL/HDL ratio, Triglycerides/HDL ratio and Triglycerides/glucose ratio. P values were as follow 0.363, 0.774, 0.947,0.211, 0.714, 0.093 and 0.736. Not only vegetables but also daily intake of fruits was not associated with lower risks of high fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, Triglycerides/HDL ratio and Triglycerides/glucose ratio. P value was as follows: 0.292, 0.663, 0.663, 0.32, 0.34, 0.062 and 0.219 respectively.
Conclusion
The role of fruits and vegetables is still debatable, our findings showed no significant associations between the frequency of their consumption and obesity, hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia.
... The glucose concentration was determined by the glucose oxidase method [61]. A total of 2 µL of the supernatant and 200 µL of the Trinder reagent were added to a microplate and then incubated for 30 min. ...
Hypertension (HP) is a health condition that overloads the heart and increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. In an infarction, the lack of oxygen causes an exclusive use of glycolysis, which becomes a crucial source of ATP for the heart with a higher glucose uptake mediated by glucose transporters (GLUTs). Due to the unpleasant effects of antihypertensives, new drugs need to be researched to treat this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of three novel antihypertensive compounds (LQMs, “Laboratorio de Química Medicinal”) synthesized from Changrolin under hypoxic conditions with the participation of two primary cardiac GLUT1 and GLUT4 using a high-salt diet HP model. The model used a diet with 10% salt to increase arterial blood pressure in Wistar rats. In isolated cardiomyocytes from these rats, glucose uptake was measured during hypoxia, evaluating the participation of GLUTs with or without the animals’ previous treatment with LQM312, 319, and 345 compounds. In silico calculations were performed to understand the affinity of the compounds for the trafficking of GLUTs. Results: Control cells do shift to glucose uptake exclusively in hypoxia (from 1.84 ± 0.09 µg/g/h to 2.67 ± 0.1 µg/g/h). Meanwhile, HP does not change its glucose uptake (from 2.38 ± 0.24 µg/g/h to 2.33 ± 0.26 µg/g/h), which is associated with cardiomyocyte damage. The new compounds lowered the systolic blood pressure (from 149 to 120 mmHg), but only LQM312 and LQM319 improved the metabolic state of hypoxic cardiomyocytes mediated by GLUT1 and GLUT4. In silico studies suggested that Captopril and LQM312 may mimic the interaction with the AMPK γ-subunit. Therefore, these compounds could activate AMPK, promoting the GLUT4 trafficking signaling pathway. These compounds are proposed to be cardioprotective during hypoxia under HP.
... The test was applied according to the recommendation of the manufacturing company and supplied procedure with the kit. Finally, the samples were detected by the spectrophotometer on 500 n.m. wavelength [14]. Bellow formula utilized to calculate the concentrations: ...
In ovo nutrition is crucial to maximizing earnings in the production of commercial poultry, that procedure has attracted scientific interest. A total of 180 broiler fertile eggs were used to determine the impact of pyridoxine (B6) in ovo administration on hatchability and some biological blood parameters as well as the hatching chicks’ body weight. On the 12 th day of incubation, eggs were assigned to three groups (three replicates in each): no treated group, treatment group (T1) vitamin B6 was in ovo injected in a dose of 0.1 ml/egg; and treatment group (T2) received 0.2 ml/egg from the vitamin. The results indicated a significant (P<0.05) improvement in the percentage of hatching chicks in the T2 group (88%) compared to other groups. Hatched chicks that received pyridoxine were meaningfully (P<0.05) have higher body weight than the control group. Regarding the blood parameters, results recorded an improvement (P<0.05) in the total blood proteins levels, that increased from (2.300 gm/dl) in the control group to (2.833 gm/dl) and (2.766 gm/dl) in T1 and T2 groups respectively. Blood glucose level was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the T2 group, with no significant changes detected between the T1 and control group. Improvement was also detected in the PCV% noticeably (P<0.05), to upsurge from (27.8%) in control to (29.2%) in T1 and (31.1%) in T2. However, results noticed that in ovo injection with pyridoxine did not affect blood cholesterol levels. Ultimately, in ovo pyridoxine injection in the broiler fertile eggs improved hatchability, body weight, and some blood parameters.
... The rats were allowed free access to a 10% (w/v) glucose solution for 24 h after receiving a 6-h NA-STZ injection. Following a 48-h NA-STZ injection, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was measured in accordance with Trinder (1969). Rats classified as diabetics and assigned to additional screening and testing were those with FBG levels greater than 200 mg/dL (Yusufoglu et al., 2015). ...
Introduction: Propolis has a wide range of biological and pharmacological actions, including antioxidant properties—particularly its phenolic and flavonoid constituents—that could potentially protect the reproductive system from oxidative damage.
Method: Four groups were allocated 40 male Wistar rats each. The vehicle was given to the first group’s normal control rats negative control. The second, third, and fourth groups of diabetic rats were given vehicle (diabetic control) and propolis orally at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, for 8 weeks. Diabetes was induced in rats via injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin (STZ). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and semen analysis were assessed. In addition, assessments of serum reproductive hormones, including total testosterone (TTST), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL), were measured at the end of the study. Tissue total testosterone, E2, and dihydrotestosterone were also evaluated. Serum and tissue oxidative enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, were examined, and malondialdehyde content was determined. The pancreatic and testicular tissues were histopathologically examined, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in testicular tissue were immunohistochemically analyzed. Testicular tissue was examined for DNA integrity using a comet assay.
Results: Compared to the STZ-control group, propolis greatly decreased FBG levels and improved the glycemic status of diabetic rats. In comparison to the STZ-DC group, propolis increased the number of sperm cells and the percent of morphologically normal and viable sperm in male rats, improving their fertility. Propolis also restored the pancreatic islets, protected the testis from oxidative stress, and increased levels of reproductive hormones in the blood, especially testosterone. Moreover, propolis at high doses demonstrated a strong positive response for Bcl-2 and a negative expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in spermatogenic cells.
Conclusion: The data obtained strongly indicate that STZ causes severe impairments to the testis whereas propolis, acting as an antioxidant, protects against the adverse effects of STZ on the testis.
... A glucose detection kit (Egypt-Chem) was used for glucose oxidase assays, which were done according to the standard procedure for finding fasting blood sugar levels (mg/dl) (Trinder 1969). Insulin levels were determined through radioimmunoassay following the protocol outlined by Clark (1999). ...
Background
Phenolic compounds (PC) are found in various foods that are part of the human diet, such as mushrooms. The identification of PC is crucial due to their bioactive properties and their role in disease prevention. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of the phenolic component extract (PCE) derived from the Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom. The extract was separated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HLPC). The PCE was then tested on diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Also, this study was an attempt to treat infertility caused by type 2 diabetes in male rats.
Methods
Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered to Wistar rats after a 4-week HFD as a model of type 2 diabetes (D2). Animals were given phenols orally on a high-fat diet for four weeks after being diagnosed with diabetes.
Results
PCE constituents were 48.02% carbohydrates, 21.15% protein, 6.16% fiber, 2.06% fat, and 6.93% ash. The evaluation of the PCE was carried out by assessing its retention rates and subsequently comparing the UV data to standards.
Total phenols and flavonoids in the crude extract were 23.04 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 8.14 mg/g quercetin equivalent, respectively. Catechin was found as the significant PC (121.53 µg/mL), while gallic acid was the second PC (11.64 µg/ml) in the PCE of mushrooms. PCE showed high radical scavenging activity on DPPH. With dosage and incubation duration in dark-dependent conditions, it was discovered to be 93.23% at a 500 µg/ml concentration after 120 min in the dark. PCE reduces blood glucose levels while elevating insulin levels and antioxidant activity indicators. Our results show that phenols and their bioactive components can change glucose metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic HFD rats (D2).
Conclusions
This study supports PCE's therapeutic potential in treating hyperglycemia, increasing insulin secretion, and addressing diabetes-induced infertility.
... The inset figure indicates the relative germination rate against the exposure time t e to the plasma effluent gas at F H2O = 1500 μL min −1 . Reproduced from reference [23] RONS aq ñ i were measured using in-situ optical absorption spectroscopy (AS) [77,78], Griess and Trinder's reagent tests (RG) [79,80], and ion chromatography at the end of a given exposure time [23,40]. These data were analyzed using self-developed MATLAB applications. ...
Gas–liquid interfacial plasmas (GLIPs), specifically atmospheric-pressure plasmas (APPs) interacting with liquids, have garnered global interest for potential applications across various fields where reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in both the gas and liquid phases could play a key role. However, APP-induced gas- and liquid-phase chemical reactions display spatially nonuniform features and involve a number of species; thus, they are extremely complicated and have not been fully understood and controlled. Herein, our primary focus is centered on elucidating RONS transport processes in GLIPs without direct plasma-liquid contact to reduce the complexity of this mechanism. Firstly, this review delineates the simplified transport models commonly found in general GLIP systems, including: (1) the transport of remotely generated gas-phase RONS to the liquid phase; (2) liquid-phase diffusion governing dissolution into the liquid phase and volatilization loss to the gas phase; and (3) chemical reactions in the liquid phase governing the generation and loss of short-lived RONS. Second, we delve into RONS transport using our laboratory-built plasma devices, aimed at sterilizing plant pathogens, interpreting results in line with the relevant transport models to aid the comprehension of the heterogeneous transport of RONS. Third, we discussed the innovative control of the plasma reaction process in the gas phase required to selectively synthesize N2O5, which is highly reactive at the gas–liquid interface. Finally, future prospects for the efficient utilization of unique reactions at the plasma/gas–liquid interface are discussed.
... Using a colorimetric method described in (Trinder, 1969), glucose was measured. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) leve was determined using a colorimetric method based on (Rice and Shelton, 1957). ...
In the realm of nanotechnology, the use of algae to produce nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and economically viable strategy. In the present study, the brown macroalgae Sargassum subrepandum was utilized to effectively produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Through various characterization techniques, the AgNPs’ structural integrity was confirmed. AgNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium equiseti. AgNPs showed cytotoxic effects on the MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell line with an IC50 of 12.5 µg/ml. Treatment with AgNPs resulted in a marked reduction in cell viability, alongside evident apoptotic and necrotic morphological changes in the cancer cells. Through molecular docking studies, a deeper understanding of the interaction between AgNPs and crucial proteins related to cancer has been achieved, AgNPs showed a promising molluscicidal action on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, a Schistosoma mansoni intermediate host. The half-lethal dose (LC50) of AgNPs was determined to be 0.84 mg/L. The potential consequences of its administration include potential disruptions to the glycolysis profile, as well as potential impacts on the steroidal hormone’s estrogen and testosterone and certain kidney function tests. This study highlights the diverse uses of algae-synthesized AgNPs, ranging from healthcare to environmental management, demonstrating their importance in advancing nano-biotechnological solutions.
... A 2 ml venous blood sample was collected from each participant in the study which was assessed on the same day of collection. RBS levels were determined using the Glucose Oxidase Peroxidase (GOD-POD) method-1969 using a semi-biochemistry analyzer (Trinder 1969). ...
Background
High-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) stands as a prevalent occupational morbidity globally, with numerous associated risk factors, some of which are modifiable. In the context of a comprehensive hearing conservation program, the initial steps involve early screening and identification of workers with these modifiable risk factors, aiming to reduce the prevalence of hearing loss. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of HFHL and determine its predictors among mine workers.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 226 mine workers in ten open-cast mines in Gujarat state, the western part of India, in November 2020. We collected data on socio-demography, addiction, occupation history and comorbidities, along with anthropometric, blood pressure, and blood sugar measurements. Audiometric evaluations using a portable diagnostic audiometer were employed to assess HFHL, defined as a hearing threshold exceeding 25 decibels (dB) at high frequencies (3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz). A generalized linear model (GLM) with a binomial family was performed to determine the predictors significantly predicting HFHL after adjusting for confounding variables.
Results
The prevalence of HFHL was 35% (95% CI: 29–42%) in our study setting. Office workers demonstrated a prevalence of 19%, whereas other job categories displayed a higher prevalence of 42%, resulting in a significant prevalence difference of 23% and a prevalence ratio of 2.2. The GLM analysis revealed that variables, such as noise exposure during work [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 2.3 (95% CI: 1.2–4.7, p = 0.018)] and noise exposure duration [aPR 1.1 (95% CI: 1.0–1.1, p = 0.042)], were significant predictors of HFHL.
Conclusions
In our study setting, mine workers exhibited a high prevalence of HFHL, with exposure to workplace noise and duration being modifiable predictors. Because HFHL advances slowly and is generally undetected by the individual, we recommend periodic testing using audiometry to identify it among mine workers and, if possible, shifting them from mining activities to office. Furthermore, we advocate for the implementation of a comprehensive hearing conservation program to the extent possible.
... Haemolymph metabolites (3 shrimps/replicate), including glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, haemolymph urea nitrogen (HUN), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST), were measured. Plasma glucose levels were quantitatively analysed using Trinder's method 26 . Plasma triglyceride levels were evaluated using 3-sulfopropyl-m-anisidine 27 . ...
Efficient utilisation of plant-based diets in the giant freshwater prawn, Marcrobrachium rosenbergii, varies according to individual, suggesting that it might be associated with differences in physiological and metabolic responses. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the individual differences in the growth response of shrimp fed to a soybean-based diet (SBM). Two hundred shrimp were fed SBM for 90 days, and specific growth rate (SGR) was determined individually. Fast- and slow-growing shrimp (F-shrimp vs. S-shrimp), with the highest and lowest 5% SGRs, respectively, were sampled to determine haemolymph chemistry and carcass composition. The hepatopancreas of these shrimps were used for transcriptome analysis through RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The results showed no significant differences in haemolymph chemistry parameters. In terms of carcass proximate composition, F-shrimp exhibited higher protein composition than did S-shrimp, suggesting that F-shrimp have higher protein anabolism. Using RNA-seq and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression levels of several genes encoding physiologic and metabolic enzymes were found to be upregulated in F-shrimp compared to in S-shrimp, suggesting that these enzymes/proteins mediated the efficient use of SBM-based diets for growth promotion in shrimp. Various DEGs associated with the immune system were observed, indicating a difference in immune processes between F- and S-shrimp. The expression of several housekeeping genes was found to be upregulated in S-shrimp. Collectively, the upregulated expression of several enzymes associated with physiological and/or metabolic processes and increased protein anabolism may be attributed to the efficient use of SBM for maximal growth in shrimp.
... In brief, Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet (3.4 kcal/g with 54.6% w/w carbohydrate, 24.8% w/w fat, and 12.8% w/w protein) containing 60% calories from fat for four weeks were injected with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, ip). After 72 h, fasting plasma glucose concentrations of experimental rats were estimated using the enzyme colorimetric method (GOD-PAP) (Trinder 1969). Animals with fasting plasma glucose concentrations of 11.1 mmol/L or more were considered hyperglycaemic and selected for further studies. ...
Aim:
To optimise, and characterise gelatine nanoparticles (GNPs) encapsulating plant extracts and evaluate the glucose-lowering potential.
Methods:
GNPs encapsulating plant extracts were prepared by desolvation method followed by adsorption. The GNPs were characterised by loading efficiency, loading capacity, particle size, zeta potential, SEM and FTIR. The glucose-lowering activity of GNPs was determined using oral glucose tolerance test in high-fat diet fed streptozotocin-induced Wistar rats.
Results:
Loading efficiency and capacity, particle mean diameter, and zeta potential of optimised GNPs 72.45 ± 13.03% w/w, 53.05 ± 26.16% w/w, 517 ± 48 nm and (-)23.43 ± 9.96 mV respectively. GNPs encapsulating aqueous extracts of C. grandis, S. auriculata, and ethanol 70% v/v extracts of M. koenigii showed glucose-lowering activity by 17.62%, 11.96% and 13.73% (p < 0.05) compared to the non-encapsulated extracts. FTIR analysis confirmed the encapsulation of phytoconstituents into GNPs. SEM imaging showed spherical GNPs (174 ± 46 nm).
Conclusion:
GNPs encapsulating plant extracts show promising potential to be developed as nanonutraceuticals against diabetes.
... The biuret method (Reinhold 1953) was used for plasma protein estimation, whereas the bromocresol green-binding method (Doumas et al. 1971) was used for albumin estimation. Trinder's (1969) method was used to estimate the serum glucose levels. Albumin levels were deducted from total plasma protein to calculate globulin levels, which were then divided by albumin levels to determine the A/G ratio. ...
This study was designed to determine the effects of papaya peel extract (PPE) supplementation on the growth and immunophysiological responses of rohu fingerlings at different stocking densities. In this study, three isonitrogenous (307.2–309.8 g kg⁻¹ protein) and isocaloric diets (16.10–16.16 MJ digestible energy kg⁻¹) were prepared using three different inclusion levels (0, 5, and 10 g kg⁻¹) of PPE. Four hundred and five rohu fingerlings (mean weight: 4.24 g ± 0.12) were randomly distributed into nine treatment groups in triplicates viz. low (10nos 75 L⁻¹ or ≈ 0.565 kg/m³), medium (15nos 75 L⁻¹ or ≈ 0.848 kg/m³), and high (20nos 75 L⁻¹ or ≈ 1.13 kg/m³) following a completely randomized design. The study found that increasing stocking density negatively affected fish growth indices, such as weight gain percentage (WG%), feed efficiency ratio (FER), specific growth rate (SGR) and survival. In contrast, dietary PPE supplementation improved growth indices and survival (p < 0.05). We also observed that aminotransferase, lactate (LDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity increased with stocking density, whereas 5 and 10 g kg⁻¹ PPE supplementation reduced LDH and MDH activity (p < 0.05). PPE supplementation positively affected serum indices, decreased glucose levels, and increased respiratory burst activity (p < 0.05). Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) expression was highest in the low- and medium-stocking density groups fed with 5 g kg⁻¹ PPE, which also increased total immunoglobulin and myeloperoxidase activity while decreasing malondialdehyde concentration (p < 0.05). The results revealed that 5 g kg⁻¹ dietary PPE supplementation could be used as a growth promoter and immunostimulant to improve immuno-physiological responses at low and medium stocking densities.
... The blood samples obtained from retro-orbital sinus of the mice were collected without anticoagulant to obtain non-haemolysed serum used for the biochemical analysis. Cholesterol was determined by enzymatic method (Allain et al.,1974), glucose was estimated by glucose oxidase method (Trinder, 1969) , total protein and albumin were estimated by Biuret and bromocresol green method (Doumas et al.,1971), triglyceride concentration was determined enzymatically by glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase-phenol+ aminophenazone method (Jacobs & VanDemark, 1960;Schettler & Nussel, 1975). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was determined by precipitation methods of Friedewald, Levy and Frieddrickson 1972;Gordon et al., 1977 using test kits by Agappe Diagnostics Limited. ...
Gastrointestinal parasites which are responsible for soil-transmitted helminthiases cause illness globally. The control of helminthiasis depends on mass distribution of anthelmintics which has been reported for its resistance, toxicity and low efficacy. In this study, anthelmintic potentials of Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida which have wide application in traditional medicine were determined in vivo using Heligmosomoides bakeri a naturally occurring gastro-intestinal parasite of rodents that is closely related to highly prevalent human nematode parasites.
Extracts of P. nitida at 500 mg/kg had higher ( p < 0.05) chemosuppression (92.45 %) than extracts of G. latifolium (65.82 %) and was highly comparable to albendazole (92.61 %). As the dose of the extracts increased from 300 to 500 mg/kg body weight, chemosuppression of 84.91 % and 92.45 % ( P. nitida ) and 43.54 % and 65.82 % ( G. latifolium ) respectively were produced. The extract of P. nitida gave deparasitization rates (p<0.05) of 72.60 % and 77.16 % at 300g/kg and 500mg/kg of body weight respectively. The glucose level and protein content reduced (p<0.05) in mice treated with extract of P. nitida when compared with extract of G. latifolium and untreated mice. Phytochemical screening revealed that P. nitida and G. latifolium contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and polyphenols. Acute toxicity studies showed that Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida have no apparent toxic effect in mice even at the dose of 5000 mg/kg.
Extracts of P. nitida and G. latifolium have anthelmintic properties that are dose-dependent, and this could offer potential lead for the development of safe, effective and affordable anthelmintics.
The aim of the study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of a newly synthesized thiophen-flavonoid(NF) a gamma-benzopyran in both normal and diabetic Wister albino rats fed a high-fat diet. Synthesized the test drug Novel flavonoid (NF) by condensation fallowed by cyclization reaction (of 2 hydroxy acetophenone and thiophen carbaxaldehyde in alkaline medium) was used in this study. The OECD 425 standards were adhered to and Swiss albino mice were used in the acute toxicity testing of the drugs used in the NF test. The potential hypoglycemic effect of NF on normoglycaemic, glucose loaded, and Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats fed on HFD, at 50, 100, and 200mg/kg p.o. body weight were evaluated. For comparison, metformin (100mg/kg) was used as standard. Promising results were obtained by the synthetic flavonoid (NF) treated animals at 100 to 200mg/kg p.o dose, and are comparable to the metformin treated groups. The study directs the scientific base for flavonoid test drugs like NF can be used in oxidative metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus.
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a prevalent metabolic disease, is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Diabetic patients frequently experience thyroid dysfunction, which has an impact on their metabolic condition. The goal of this study is to evaluate the thyroid state of T2DM patients and look into the link between insulin resistance and thyroid hormone levels. Methods:The study included 30 male participants aged 30 to 60 years who were diagnosed with T2DM using the American Diabetes Association's (ADA) criteria. Insulin resistance was determined using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Thyroid function tests, including serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3), and Thyroxine (T4) levels, were performed. Patients were divided into three groups based on their HOMA-IR values: low (≤2.5), moderate (2.5-4.0), and high (>4.0). Statistical analysis was used to determine the relationship between insulin resistance and thyroid hormone levels. Results: The study population's mean age was 51.9 ± 5.94 years. Our study denotes that Insulin resistance, as depicted by HOMA-IR correlates positively with TSH levels (r = 0.50). T4 correlates positively with TSH (r = 0.545) and T3 correlates well with T4 (0.598). Insulin resistance correlates positively with TSH levels (r = 0.50) Conclusion: This study confirms that insulin resistance in T2DM is associated with moderately enhanced levels of TSH, T3, and T4. The positive correlation between HOMA-IR and thyroid hormone levels suggests that insulin resistance may influence thyroid function. Regular thyroid status monitoring in T2DM patients is critical for early detection and management of thyroid dysfunction, which could improve overall metabolic control and quality of life. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms that link insulin resistance and thyroid dysfunction in T2DM.
Introduction. The main consumers of commercial reagent kits for the study of metabolites and enzymes are clinical laboratories. Therefore, protocols for their using and calculating indices were developed mainly for blood and urine analysis. However, it is regularly necessary to determine metabolites concentration and enzymes activity to solve other tasks. Purpose of the work – as a case study estimation of glucose concentration and amylase activity in hemolymph plasma of the gastropod mollusc Achatina fulica to demonstrate how protocols for using some clinical reagent kits for determining metabolites concentration and enzymes activity can be optimized and how the scope of their application can be expanded. Material and Methods. The hemolymph plasma of the gastropod mollusc A. fulica served as the object of the study. Glucose concentration and amylase activity were determined in hemolymph plasma using clinical biochemical reagent kits from Spinreact (Spain). The standard and optimized protocols for determining glucose concentration are described. An optimized protocol for determining amylase activity has been described previously. Results. A. fulica is often used as a convenient model in experimental and practical developments of different areas of focus. The knowledge of diagnostically significant biochemical indices of hemolymph plasma of mollusks makes it possible to monitor the "state of health" of animals during their cultivation in laboratories and practical using. In contrast to the original protocol for determining glucose concentration, full calibration experiments were performed, with sample analysis time reduced to one minute. The optimized protocols for using reagent kits proposed in the article were tested to determine glucose concentration and amylase activity in the hemolymph plasma of A. fulica (n=16). The values were 0,42 ± 0,07 mM and 27,8 ± 0,6 IU/L, respectively. Conclusion. As a case study estimation of glucose concentration and amylase activity in hemolymph plasma of the gastropod mollusc Achatina fulica the effectiveness of the proposed ways of optimization of protocols for using some clinical reagent kits was demonstrated. The optimized protocols are suitable for determining the concentration of such metabolites as glucose and lactate as well as for analyzing the kinetics of various enzymes with direct measurements of their activity. The performed optimization allowed to expand the scope of application of biochemical reagent kits used in medicine, as well as to significantly reduce the time of analysis.
Introduction:
The protein SCUBE3 has been observed to exhibit an association with various autoimmune conditions, including psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic experiments have revealed that changes in Zinc finger protein-coding sequences correlate with an increased vulnerability to developing autoimmune diseases, so we aimed to study investigates the involvement of ZNF76 rs10947540 and SCUBE3 rs1888822 gene expression in individuals diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Methods:
In a case-control study conducted from January 2022 to March 2023, 80 adults with RA from Menoufia University Hospital were compared with 80 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ZNF76 rs10947540 and SCUBE3 rs1888822 were analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results:
ZNF76 rs10947540 demonstrated a 7.125-fold increased risk for RA in CC genotype individuals and a 2.958-fold risk associated with the C allele. Those with the TC genotype had a 2.523-fold increased risk. Similarly, SCUBE3 rs1888822 showed a 6.364-fold risk for RA in TT genotype individuals and a 3.065-fold risk for T allele carriers. GT genotype individuals had a 2.765-fold risk.
Discussion:
Our study suggests that ZNF76 rs10947540 and SCUBE3 rs1888822 polymorphisms may be risk factors for RA in Egyptian patients. Understanding the genetic variations associated with higher risk underscores the role of genetics in RA progression.
BACKGROUND
Obesity is a non‐communicable complex disease that is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. According to a novel viewpoint, the brain plays a significant role in the central regulation of satiety and energy homeostasis. Because of its rich nutritional profile and versatile uses, oat (Avena sativa) is one of the most popular functional foods recommended by many nutritionists. The anti‐obesity effect of oat was hypothesized, focusing on the brain as the target organ. In the current study, the interplay between brain biomarkers, obesity, and its related complications was evaluated in diet‐induced obese rats for 25 weeks, in which 60 adult male white albino Wistar rats were divided into three control and seven treatment groups given oat extracts in a dose‐dependent manner.
RESULTS
Oat significantly improved obesity‐related metabolic complications. In terms of brain function, oat significantly increased dopaminergic signaling, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels, vaspin, irisin, and uncoupling protein‐1 brain levels, while decreasing the expression of agouti‐related peptide and neuropeptide Y (P‐value < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The current study proposes oat supplementation as a new conceptual framework with numerous implications for hedonic and homeostatic mechanisms that control satiety. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of three different tropical seaweed species on rumen fermentation, methane emission, antioxidant status, immunity and milk production in lactating Murrah buffaloes. Twenty-four lactating Murrah buffaloes were divided into four groups of six each in an experiment based on randomized block design (RBD) and were fed to meet their nutrient requirements (ICAR 2013). Animals in control (CON) group were fed basal diet without any supplemental seaweed, however, Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA), Gracilaria salicornia (GS) and Turbinaria conoides (TC) were supplemented at 1% of the dietary dry matter in KA, GS and TC groups, respectively. Intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients, plasma concentrations of selected blood metabolites, and thyroid hormones were similar among the groups. Supplementation of KA and GS, but not TC increased (P < 0.001) the proportion of propionate in rumen fluid with a concurrent decrease (P < 0.001) in acetate: propionate. The enteric methane emission was lower (P < 0.05) in KA, GS groups and the maximum values were observed in groups CON and TC. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and immune response (cell-mediated and humoral) were higher (P < 0.001), and MDA was lower (P < 0.001) in seaweed-fed groups as compared to CON; the higher response was observed in group KA, followed by TC and GS. Plasma concentration of cortisol was lower (P < 0.001) in group KA as compared to other groups. Milk yield and the 6% fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield (kg day⁻¹) were higher (P = 0.009) in KA, followed GS, corresponding values in group TC were not significantly different than those of group CON. Thus, supplementation of the tropical red seaweed improved antioxidant status, cellular and humoral immunity, and milk yield; the greater response was obtained when KA was used as feed supplement. It is concluded that supplementation of K. alvarezii at 1% of dietary DM of lactating Murrah buffaloes would improve antioxidant status, immunity and milk yield with reduction in enteric methane emission.
Background
Hypothyroidism, a common worldwide syndrome caused by insufficient thyroid hormone secretion, affects number of people at different ages. Artemisinin (ART), a well-known effective agent in the treatment of malaria, also has anti-oxidative stress functions in various diseases. The L1 cell adhesion molecule exerts multiple protective roles in diseased systems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of ART in adult male hypothyroid rats and the underlying mechanisms.
Methods
The propylthiouracil (PTU) rat model was treated with or without 5 mg/kg ART and with or without L1 short-interfering RNA (siRNA), followed by the experiments to determine the effect of ART on thyroid function, depression and anxiety, cognition impairments, liver, kidney and heart functions, and oxidative stress.
Results
In the current study, it was shown that ART can ameliorate thyroid function, mitigate depression and anxiety symptoms, attenuate cognition impairments, improve liver, kidney and heart functions, and inhibit oxidative stress; however, the effects exerted by ART could not be observed when L1 was silenced by L1 siRNA.
Conclusion
These results indicated that ART can upregulate the L1 cell adhesion molecule to ameliorate thyroid function and the complications in adult male hypothyroid rats, laying the foundation for ART to be a novel strategy for the treatment of hypothyroidism.
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has the potential to impair cardiac function and cause heart failure. We aimed to study the cardioprotective influence of Galactin-3 (Gal-3) inhibitor; modified citrus pectin (MCP) in isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction (MI) in T2DM rats. Forty rats were allocated into 4 groups; groups I and II served as control. T2DM was provoked in groups III and IV by serving them high fat diet followed by a single low dose of Streptozotocin (STZ), then group IV were administered MCP in drinking water for 6 weeks. Groups III and IV were then subcutaneously injected isoprenaline hydrochloride once daily on the last 2 successive days to induce MI. MCP restored echocardiographic parameters with significant decline in Gal-3 area % in cardiac tissue alongside protection against cardiac remodelling. our data showed that there is a protective potential for Gal-3 inhibitor (MCP) against cardiac injury in isoprenaline induced MI in T2DM.
The study aimed to assess the promotional effects of dietary fruits of the prickly pear (Opuntia littoralis) on growth, haemato-biochemical, antioxidant, and immune activity and its possible regulatory roles after exposure to waterborne cadmium toxicity of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were assigned to four groups fed on diets containing 0% (control, OLFE-0% group), 0.5% (OLFE-0.5% group), 1% (OLFE-1% group), and 2% (OLFE-2% group) of dietary prickly pear fruits for 60 days. Fish were exposed to subacute waterborne cadmium toxicity at the end of the feeding trial for an additional 4 days. Nile tilapia fed on OLFE-fortified diets enhanced their growth performance and digestive enzymes more than the control group, especially at 2% (OLFE-2%). Before and after the cadmium challenge, haemato-biochemical indices showed improvement in fish-fed OLFE compared to fish-fed OLFE-free diets. The activities of complement C3, lysozyme, catalase (CAT), total immunoglobulin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in prickly pear-treated fish groups compared to the control group before and after the cadmium waterborne challenge were increased, along with a significant decline in MDA levels, partially at OLFE-2%. In brief, the findings suggest that supplementing prickly pear fruits to tilapia diets, especially at a level of 2%, can enhance the immunological and antioxidant properties and effectively mitigate the harmful effects of Cd exposure in food safety and aquaculture.
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is approved for the treatment of liver diseases. However, the antihyperglycemic effects/mechanisms of TUDCA are still less clear. The present study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic action of TUDCA in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats. Fifteen adult Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = five in each): control, diabetic (STZ), and STZ+TUDCA. The results showed that TUDCA treatment significantly reduced blood glucose, HbA1c%, and HOMA-IR as well as elevated the insulin levels in diabetic rats. TUDCA therapy increased the incretin GLP-1 concentrations, decreased serum ceramide synthase (CS), improved the serum lipid profile, and restored the glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscles. Furthermore, serum inflammatory parameters (such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, and PGE-2) were substantially reduced with TUDCA treatment. In the pancreas, STZ+TUDCA-treated rats underwent an obvious enhancement of enzymatic (CAT and SOD) and non-enzymatic (GSH) antioxidant defense systems and a marked decrease in markers of the lipid peroxidation rate (MDA) and nitrosative stress (NO) compared to STZ-alone. At the molecular level, TUDCA decreased the pancreatic mRNA levels of iNOS and apoptotic-related factors (p53 and caspase-3). In conclusion, TUDCA may be useful for diabetes management and could be able to counteract diabetic disorders via anti-hyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic actions.
Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase are key tactics for managing blood glucose levels. Currently, stronger, and more accessible inhibitors are needed to treat diabetes. Indeno[1,2-b] quinoxalines-carrying thiazole hybrids 1–17 were created and described using NMR. All analogues were tested for hypoglycaemic effect against STZ-induced diabetes in mice. Compounds 4, 6, 8, and 16 were the most potent among the synthesised analogues. These hybrids were examined for their effects on plasma insulin, urea, creatinine, GSH, MDA, ALT, AST, and total cholesterol. Moreover, these compounds were tested against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes in vitro. The four hybrids 4, 6, 8, and 16 represented moderate to potent activity with IC50 values 0.982 ± 0.04, to 10.19 ± 0.21 for α-glucosidase inhibition and 17.58 ± 0.74 to 121.6 ± 5.14 μM for α-amylase inhibition when compared to the standard medication acarbose with IC50=0.316 ± 0.02 μM for α-glucosidase inhibition and 31.56 ± 1.33 μM for α-amylase inhibition. Docking studies as well as in silico ADMT were done.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic condition that causes organ dysfunction. The current experiment sought to determine the effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in diabetic rats prompted by streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg body weight i/p). The animals were allocated into control, TQ (50 mg/kg B.W. orally administered for 4 succeeding weeks), Diabetic, and Diabetic + TQ groups. This study confirmed that TQ preserves the levels of insulin, fasting blood glucose, HOMA β-cell indices, HbA1c %, body weight, and lipid profile substantially relative to the DC group. Furthermore, hepatic antioxidant (CAT, GSH, and T-SOD) values were reduced. Conversely, the enzymatic activity of liver functions (AST, ALT, ALP, cytochrome P450, and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase), lipid peroxidation (MDA), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6), nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory marker (CRP) enhanced with STZ administration, which is substantially restored after TQ treatment. Relative to the diabetic rats, TQ reestablished the hepatic architectural changes and collagen fibers. Additionally, TQ downregulated the intensity of the immunohistochemical staining of pro-apoptotic marker (caspase-3), p53, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) proteins in hepatic tissues. Furthermore, TQ displayed abilities to interact and inhibit the binding site of caspase-3, interleukin-6 receptor, interleukin-1 receptor type 1, TNF receptor superfamily member 1A, and TNF receptor superfamily member 1B in rats following the molecular docking modeling. All these data re-establish the liver functions, antioxidant enzymes, anti-inflammatory markers, and anti-apoptotic proteins impacts of TQ in STZ-induced DM rats. Founded on these outcomes, the experiment proposes that TQ is a novel natural supplement with various clinical applications, including managing DM, which in turn is recommended to play a pivotal role in preventing the progression of diabetes mellitus.
The reference intervals (RIs) for clinical parameters of fish are crucial to identify abnormal test results. The well-established RIs for hemato-biochemical analytes are lacking for Pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) reared in different culture systems. The present study aimed to analyze the condition factor and generate RIs for hemato-biochemical parameters in diverse culture systems, which are very critical to improve fish welfare and production. Briefly, the fish sampling was conducted from three different fish farms practicing extensive (no supplemented food with a relatively low stocking density of 10–15 fish/m³), semi-intensive (supplementary feed provided with a stocking density of 80 fish/m³), and intensive culture systems (feed-based culture with a high stocking density of 100–150 fish/m³). Results showed that Fulton’s condition factor for fish reared in an intensive culture system was significantly higher (0.98 ± 0.18), followed by semi-intensive (0.85 ± 0.30) and extensive (0.72 ± 0.16) systems. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, and packed cell volume were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the semi-intensive system. Total leucocyte count and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the intensive system. Serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, cortisol, protein profile, and lipid profile, were significantly (P < 0.05) high in the intensive and semi-intensive systems. The study indicated that the condition factor and haemato-biochemical parameters could serve as indicators of the health status of P. hypophthalmus. The intensive and semi-intensive culture systems of P. hypophthalmus demonstrated better health indicators compared to the extensive system. The established normative database can ensure the correct assessment of health and the growth of P. hypophthalmus in diverse culture systems. The reference intervals established for hemato-biochemical parameters in the current study can provide valuable benchmarks for monitoring the fish in different culture systems, enabling effective management and reducing economic losses associated with stress-related issues.
A BSTRACT
Introduction
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a cluster of disorders of blood vessels and the heart. As a form of physical activity, yoga postures, and pranayama have been shown to be beneficial in various health conditions, i.e. hypertension, prediabetes, and diabetes among high-risk subjects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of yoga and diet on the Framingham risk score (FRS) among high-risk cardiovascular subjects.
Materials and Methods
The experimental interventional study was conducted at “RUHS College of Medical Sciences” and Associated Group of Hospitals”, Jaipur among high-risk cardiovascular subjects. FRS was used as a measurement for the outcome of interest at baseline and six months of yoga diet intervention in the study and control groups.
Results
Mean age of participants was 48.43 ± 6.4 years. Baseline values (mean ± SD) of FRS 24.59 ± 10.15 after six months of yogic lifestyle 15.1 ± 7.05. After six months of yogic lifestyle FRS scores and estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk were statistically significantly ( P < 0.0001) decreased. Pearson correlation analysis results depict that FRS correlation. There was a strong positive correlation between the FRS score and total cholesterol ( r = 0.787; P < 0.001) and a negative strong correlation between the FRS score and high-density lipoprotein was observed ( r =−0.621; P < 0.002).
Conclusion
The findings of this study conclude that six months of yoga and diet lifestyle intervention significantly decreased FRS among high-risk CVD subjects compared to the control group.
Prebiotics are fibers that promote beneficial gut bacteria and play a pivotal role in enhancing host health. This study delves into the impact of various levels of prebiotics, specifically fructooligosaccharides and β-1,3 glucan (Fβ), on the growth performance, biochemical, hematological parameters, gene expression, histological variations in the internal organs, and disease resistance to Fusarium oxysporum in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two hundred forty Nile tilapia, initially weighing 34.0 ± 0.1 g, were distributed into four groups and given a commercial diet with varying Fβ treatments: control (0 g/kg) (C), T1 (0.5 g/kg), T2 (1.0 g/kg), and T3 (1.5 g/kg) for 70 days. The study revealed significant improvement of the biochemical, hematological, and digestive enzyme activities, as well as histological changes in hepatopancreatic, intestine, and spleen sections with the use of Fβ. Moreover, the expression of innate humoral genes significantly increased (P < 0.05) in tilapia at the 1.5 g/kg Fβ group compared to the control. Notably, challenging with F. oxysporum exhibited lower mortality rates in the three treatments supplemented with additive prebiotics (P < 0.05). Consequently, the feed additives utilized in this study emerge as a viable alternative to enhance growth performance, biochemical and hematological parameters, gene expression, histological variations in internal organs, and disease resistance in fish farming on a large scale.
Dapoxetine is a newer anti‐depressant that is used for severe forms of depression via selective serotonin reuptake inhibition conduit. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of dapoxetine lonely or with acetaminophen (AMP). Seven groups of albino rats were used where dapoxetine was administered orally at the doses of 3, 5, and 8 mg/kg body weight for a period of 14 days in groups 2, 4, and 6, respectively. AMP (67.5 mg/kg body weight) was co‐administered with dapoxetine (3, 5, and 8 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days in groups 3, 5 and 7, respectively. Dapoxetine in mid and high dose plus AMP increased body weight and hematological parameters. Ambulation and rearing were declined with mid and high doses of dapoxetine+AMP, contrary to grooming. Struggling was decreased with high doses of dapoxetine+AMP. High dose of dapoxetine+AMP induced lowering of serotonin and dopamine as well as increasing of cholinesterase. Brain derived neurotrophic factor was decreased in all groups. Oxidative stress biomarkers were augmented with high dose of dapoxetine+AMP. High doses of dapoxetine and/or AMP induced loss of the Purkinje cell layer at cerebellum. The high dose of dapoxetine+AMP denotes behavioral, histopathological and neurochemical alterations, even though no serotonin syndrome occurs.
Background:
Prediabetes is presented as a metabolic state that predisposes persons to a greater risk of diabetes progression in the future. Prediabetes is an intervening stage between normoglycemia and diabetes with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. This study aimed to compare the effect of the yoga-based lifestyle intervention (including diet) versus dietary intervention (DI) alone on cardiometabolic parameters namely fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), lipid profile; triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), heart rate variability (HRV), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) among people with prediabetes.
Methods:
A randomized controlled study was conducted on 250 people with prediabetes who were randomly allocated by computer-generated methods to the yoga-based lifestyle intervention (including diet) (n = 125) and DI alone (n = 125) groups. Yoga sessions were approximately 45 min 6 days a week over a period of 6 months. Assessments were made at baseline and after 6 months of intervention.
Results:
Post-intervention comparison of cardiometabolic parameters in yoga-based lifestyle intervention (including diet) versus DI alone showed a significant decline in body mass index (P = 0.0002), waist-hip ratio (P = 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.0001), perceived stress score (P = 0.0001), FBG (P = 0.0001), HbA1C (P = 0.0001), lipid profile; TG (P = 0.008), LDL (P = 0.0001), VLDL (P = 0.0001), HRV (P = 0.0001), CIMT (P = 0.02) and a nonsignificant decline in, TC (P = 0.22), HDL (P = 0.211), FFQ (P = 0.164).
Conclusion:
The finding of this study suggests that a 24-week yoga-based lifestyle intervention which includes diet significantly decreased cardiometabolic parameters compared to DI alone among people with prediabetes.
Previous studies have identified a role for the gut microbiome and its metabolic products, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in the maintenance of muscle mass and physical function (i.e., the gut–muscle axis), but interventions aimed at positively impacting the gut–muscle axis during aging are sparse. Gut bacteria ferment soluble fiber into SCFAs, and accordingly, to evaluate the impact of a high-soluble-fiber diet (HSFD) on the gut–muscle axis, we fed a whole-food, 3×-higher-soluble fiber-containing diet (relative to standard chow) to aged (98 weeks) C57BL/6J mice for 10 weeks. The HSFD significantly altered gut bacterial community structure and composition, but plasma SCFAs were not different, and a positive impact on muscle-related measures (when normalized to body weight) was not identified. However, when evaluating sex differences between dietary groups, female (but not male) HSFD-fed mice had significant increases for SCFAs, the quadriceps/body weight (BW) ratio, and treadmill work performance (distance run × BW), which suggests that an HSFD can positively impact the gut–muscle axis. In contrast, consistent effects in both male and female HSFD-fed mice included weight and fat loss, which suggests a positive role for an HSFD on the gut–adipose axis in aged mice.
Weight change trajectory from diet and lifestyle interventions typically involves rapid weight loss followed by a weight plateau after approximately 6 months. Changing from one weight-loss diet to another at the time of the plateau could instigate renewed weight loss. Therefore, our secondary analysis aimed to assess trajectory of weight loss in a 12-month, randomized, cross-over study. Forty-two adults were randomized to eat a healthy low-fat or healthy low-carbohydrate diet for 6 months then switched to the opposite diet for an additional 6 months. Regardless of diet assignment, participants experienced rapid initial weight loss, which slowed between 3 to 6 months. After switching diets at 6 months, weight modestly decreased until 9 months, but at a rate slower than the initial 3 months and slower than the rate from 3 to 6 months. This suggests that the weight loss plateau typically seen at 6 months is physiological and cannot be overcome by simply switching to a different weight-loss diet.
This study depicts the selected dose of Allium sativum (104 mg/kg body weight) on the hypoglycemic activity of preferred dose of gliclazide which are studied in normal wistar rats. Materials required for the study are procured from Sai Chemicals, Visakhapatnam, India. Mature wistar rats of both the sex were used for the study. Prior to the trial the rats were confined for 18 hr with access to water ad libitum. During the study water was removed. Orally gliclazide was administered at 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg body weight to I, II and III groups respectively. Blood samples are taken by retro-orbital puncture at intervals of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 & 16 hr and blood glucose levels were determined by GOD/POD method. The acute dose of Allium sativum when given along with gliclazide increased the hypoglycemic activity of gliclazide at 2nd, 6th and 8th hr intervals but it was significant at 2nd hr only and the effect was shown to be reduced at all other ie., 1st, 3rd, 10th and 12th hr time intervals. The aqueous extract of Allium sativum is influencing the absorption pattern of gliclazide since it was reported to have an increasing motility of the gastro intestinal tract.
Objectives
This study examines the metabolic consequences of saponin and flavonoid extracts of Gongronema latifolium leaves in rat offspring whose mothers consumed sucrose during breastfeeding.
Methods
Thirty-two female albino Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control group, given water only: sucrose group, given sucrose solution only; flavonoid groups, given sucrose solution and 100 mg/kg b.w. and 200 mg/kg b.w. of flavonoid and saponin groups, given sucrose solution and 100 mg/kg b.w. and 200 mg/kg b.w. of saponin extracts, for 3 weeks during lactation. Then the body, hepatic and pancreatic weights, food intake, glucose tolerance, lipid profile, insulin, and leptin levels of their offspring were measured.
Results
There was a significant decrease in the body weight (BW), food intake, and glucose level among the flavonoid and saponin groups compared to the control group. However, when compared to the sucrose group, there was a significant decrease in food intake, blood glucose level, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and a significant increase in the BW. There was no significant difference in insulin and leptin levels, hepatic, and pancreatic weights among groups.
Conclusion
This study shows that G. lactifolium consumption among lactating rats maintains metabolic homeostatic as it protects against elevated blood glucose level and dyslipidemia in offspring post-weaning. It also suggests that the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of G. latifolium maybe as a result of saponin and flavonoids inherent in the plant.
Objective:
The Wheel of Cardiovascular Health Diet was recently elaborated based on current nutritional recommendations for healthy eating and was made for person-centered nutritional counseling, thus it may be an interesting tool to improve food awareness. However, its validity is yet to be tested. We hypothesized that the self-perception of patients diagnosed with chronic diseases, evaluated by the Wheel of Cardiovascular Health Diet, is satisfactory in assessing the quality of their diets, compared with the Healthy Eating Index-2020.
Methods:
This is a cross-sectional analysis of adults with uncontrolled hypertension or type 2 diabetes. The patients answered the Wheel of Cardiovascular Health Diet, and then, based on the food frequency questionnaire, we analyzed the Healthy Eating Index-2020.
Results:
A total of 330 patients were included in the study: 91.5% had hypertension, 58.5% had type 2 diabetes, and the median age was 58 (50-65) years. The mean difference observed between the percentage of the graphic area assessed by the patients' self-perception from the Wheel of Cardiovascular Health Diet and Healthy Eating Index-2020 was -10.0% (95%CI -35.3 to 15.3), and a moderate correlation was observed. Linear Regression models showed that a 10-point increase in patients' self-perception in the Wheel of Cardiovascular Health Diet is associated with a 2.9% increase (95%CI 2.08 to 3.70) in the diet quality by the Healthy Eating Index-2020 and is associated with lower BMI values: β = -0.42 kg/m2 (95%CI -0.83 to -0.01).
Conclusion:
The Wheel of Cardiovascular Health Diet performed satisfactorily regarding validity and reliability by BMI and was associated with higher overall dietary quality, with the Healthy Eating Index-2020 as a relative reference.