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Dermatoglyphic analysis of fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities
Abstract
I applied Okajima's technique of exposing the dermal surface by chemical and mechanical treatment followed by toluidine blue stain to inspect the dermatoglyphic features of hands of aborted human fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities. The dermatoglyphic patterns of five fetuses, three with Down syndrome, one with 5p--, and one with 18 trisomy, were analyzed to determine whether the patterns were sufficiently specific to be used for diagnostic purposes. Apparently unique patterns were obtained. Observation of the dermal surface suggested that the developmental sequence of the ridges in fetuses with chromosomal disorders was retarded by more than 2 weeks as compared with that of normal fetuses of th same gestation.
... There is an inevitable shift in the paradigm of dermatoglyphic research where the intensive use of dermatoglyphics is noticed in medico-legal purposes and genetic disorders [5,6]. The relationship of differential patterns has also been reported earlier from various chromosomal aberrations [7,8,9]. Apart from chromosomal aberrations, studies reported significant differential patterns of quantitative and qualitative parameters in hereditary genetic diseases [10,11]. ...
... The result of the present study revealed significantly higher existence of whorl patterns which is corroborated with other studies [28]. Earlier studies reported extensive notable outcomes [9,28] and therefore further attempts are required to facilitate better scenario in order to comprehend. Such association between finger dermatoglyphics and gastric cancer which may ensure early detection of the disease and prioritize equitable access to prevention, ultimately influence the mortality rate of the particular ethnic group for better assessment of the national health burden. ...
Cancer is the second most common disease among the populations of developing countries. Therefore, the relevance of prognosis at the early stage has an extensive impact. The cost-effective, non-invasive dermatoglyphics method seems useful for cancer identification and plays a critical role in the early prediction of different types of cancer worldwide. In view of the above, bilateral rolled fingerprints of 50 histopathological confirmed Gastric Cancer patients (M -17, F -33) from various Clinics in Kolkata and 50 controls without any family history of cancer (M -26, F -24) from the Bengalee Population of West Bengal, India were compared. The standard ink method was used to collect the finger prints. The results revealed noteworthy features regarding the finger patterns. Significant (p<0.05) presence of the whorl finger pattern might be used as an additional criterion to compare the cancer patients with the controls. More over significant (p<0.05) greater value of PII plays the key role the in the prognosis of cancer patients to a certain extent. Results envisaged that finger dermatoglyphics has the potential for early detection of patients with gastric cancer and stimulates further studies with large sample sizes to get a better insightful vision. Furthermore, the mortality rate may be declined by the early detection of the disease, and to conduct this early diagnosis must be ensured with ethnic group-specific mass screening insinuation.
... There is an inevitable shift in the paradigm of dermatoglyphic research where the intensive use of dermatoglyphics is noticed in medico-legal purposes and genetic disorders [5,6]. The relationship of differential patterns has also been reported earlier from various chromosomal aberrations [7,8,9]. Apart from chromosomal aberrations, studies reported significant differential patterns of quantitative and qualitative parameters in hereditary genetic diseases [10,11]. ...
... The result of the present study revealed significantly higher existence of whorl patterns which is corroborated with other studies [28]. Earlier studies reported extensive notable outcomes [9,28] and therefore further attempts are required to facilitate better scenario in order to comprehend. Such association between finger dermatoglyphics and gastric cancer which may ensure early detection of the disease and prioritize equitable access to prevention, ultimately influence the mortality rate of the particular ethnic group for better assessment of the national health burden. ...
Cancer is the second most common disease among the populations of developing countries. Therefore, the relevance of prognosis at the early stage has an extensive impact. The cost-effective, non-invasive dermatoglyphics method seems useful for cancer identification and plays a critical role in the early prediction of different types of cancer worldwide. In view of the above, bilateral rolled fingerprints of 50 histopathological confirmed Gastric Cancer patients (M-17, F-33) from various Clinics in Kolkata and 50 controls without any family history of cancer (M-26, F-24) from the Bengalee Population of West Bengal, India were compared. The standard ink method was used to collect the finger prints. The results revealed noteworthy features regarding the finger patterns. Significant (p<0.05) presence of the whorl finger pattern might be used as an additional criterion to compare the cancer patients with the controls. More over significant (p<0.05) greater value of PII plays the key role the in the prognosis of cancer patients to a certain extent. Results envisaged that finger dermatoglyphics has the potential for early detection of patients with gastric cancer and stimulates further studies with large sample sizes to get a better insightful vision. Furthermore, the mortality rate may be declined by the early detection of the disease, and to conduct this early diagnosis must be ensured with ethnic group-specific mass screening insinuation.
... 1 Substantial literature exists linking genetic variation and abnormal dermatoglyphics, and in the era of limited availability of genetic diagnosis, there was considerable interest in using distinct fingerprint patterns to aid in the diagnosis of genetic disease. [1][2][3][4] The fingerprint patterns themselves are known to be a highly heritable trait, 5 thought to be greatly affected by neonatal topographical alteration of the dermal surface, as well as genetic variation of limb developmental genes. 6,7 The pattern appears particularly dependent on the process of volar pad regression in the first weeks of life, which helps determine the pattern of dermal folding (Supplemental Figure 1A-C). ...
Purpose
Emerging therapeutic strategies for Kabuki syndrome (KS) make early diagnosis critical. Fingerprint analysis as a diagnostic aid for KS diagnosis could facilitate early diagnosis and expand the current patient base for clinical trials and natural history studies.
Method
Fingerprints of 74 individuals with KS, 1 individual with a KS-like phenotype, and 108 controls were collected through a mobile app. KS fingerprint patterns were studied using logistic regression and a convolutional neural network to differentiate KS individuals from controls.
Results
Our analysis identified 2 novel KS metrics (folding finger ridge count and simple pattern), which significantly differentiated KS fingerprints from controls, producing an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.82 [0.75; 0.89] and a likelihood ratio of 9.0. This metric showed a sensitivity of 35.6% [23.73%; 47.46%] and a specificity of 96.04% [92.08%; 99.01%]. An independent artificial intelligence convolutional neural network classification-based method validated this finding and yielded comparable results, with a likelihood ratio of 8.7, sensitivity of 76.6%, and specificity of 91.2%.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that automatic fingerprint analysis can have diagnostic use for KS and possible future utility for diagnosing other genetic disorders, enabling greater access to genetic diagnosis in areas with limited availability of genetic testing.
... The connection between fetal stress and the alteration of the dermatoglyphic patterns is widely established [7]. In order to ascertain the connection between unusual dermatoglyphic traits and genetic and chromosomal aberrations like Trisomy 21 or Down's syndrome [8][9][10][11][12], Turner's syndrome [5,11], and Klinefelter's syndrome [13], numerous dermatoglyphic studies have been carried out by researchers worldwide. ...
The clinical markers for a variety of neurodevelopmental diseases and chromosomal abnormalities include dermatoglyphic features. In the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, the ectodermic layer is where dermatoglyphic patterns and neural tissues begin to take shape; at this point, the environment has little impact on them. Autism is a complicated neurodevelopmental condition marked by severe behavioral, social, and communication functioning problems. In the Bengalee population of West Bengal, India, the present study aimed to comprehend the connection between Abnormal Palmar Flexion Creases (APFCs) and autism. The standard ink and roller method was used to collect the bilateral palm prints of 100 participants-67 males and 33 females-diagnosed as autistic and 100 participants-55 males and 45 females-who were healthy controls-for this purpose from the Bengalee linguistic groups of West Bengal. The findings showed that the left and right hands of autistic males and females had significantly (p<0.05) more APFCs, single transverse creases, and Sydney line than did control males and females. The current study revealed that compared to controls without sex or side differentiations, autistic patients have more Sydney lines and single transverse creases. The results of the current investigation proposed that new early diagnostic criteria for autism may include the obvious existence of APFCs.
... Cummins (1939) for the first time predicted the genetic link of dermatoglyphics to Down's Syndrome based upon the presence of simian crease. After him many dermatoglyphic-based studies associated with inherited diseases has been done till now, which indicated it as one of diagnostic and screening aid tools for those diseases like Edward's Syndrome (Uchida et al., 1962), Patau's Syndrome, Turner's Syndrome and Klinefelter's Syndrome (Penrose, 1963), phenylketonuria (Hirsch, 1965), Wilson's disease (Hodges and Simon, 1962), congenital heart disease (Cascos, 1965 andAlter and Schulenberg, 1970), epilepsy (Brown & Paskind, 1940), schizophrenia (Beckman and A. Norring 1963;Van Oel et al. 2001), thalassaemia (Rosner & Spriggs, 1969), E-β-thalassemia (Das et al. 2015), abnormal anomalies (Schumann and Alter, 1976), including chromosomal aberrations (Suzumori, 1980), breast cancer (Seltzer et al. 1982;Khandelwal et al. 2007) and autism (Dey et al. 2014) etc. Other than the above studies, several studies reported strong association of dermatoglyphic traits with diabetes mellitus such as Chakravati (1967); Sant et al. 1983;Ravindranath et al. 2005;Vadagaonkar et al. 2006;Subhashini and Reddy, 2008;Sharma and Sharma 2012;Rakate et al. 2013;Srivastava and Rajasekar 2014;Ghosh et al. 2016 etc. ...
Dermatoglyphics has been utilised to correlate with numerous diseases and conditions in past decades. The current study looked at diabetes and finger dermatoglyphics features such as ridge count (RC) on whorl, ulnar loop, radial loop, total finger ridge count (TFRC), and absolute finger ridge count (AFRC). The current study comprised 162 Muslim respondents from Guwahati, Assam, of whom 81 were clinically diagnosed diabetics (Type 2 Diabetes mellitus or T2DM) from a hospital and 81 were age-sex-ethnicity matched non-diabetics (healthy) individuals from households. Fingerprints were obtained on fingerprint plates using the ink method on clean hands. Welch's t-test of significance was used to analyse the data in SPSS 20.0. The ridge count of the whorl of right hands of diabetics (both males and females combined) and the radial loop of left hands of female diabetics both increased significantly. Male diabetics had a considerable rise in the mean TFRC and the mean AFRC, as with diabetics of both sexes combined. When both groups had no family history of diabetes, diabetic respondents had significantly higher mean ridge count of whorls, TFRC, and AFRC than non-diabetic respondents. In other words, non-diabetic individuals with a family history of diabetes may have inherited a dermatoglyphic indices pattern that is more or less comparable to that of their diabetic parents or ancestors. In a population, quantitative factors such as the TFRC and AFRC can be utilised as an important dermatoglyphic measure for disease-association, together with the disease's family history.
... Cummins (1939) for the first time predicted the genetic link of dermatoglyphics to Down's Syndrome based upon the presence of simian crease. After him many dermatoglyphic-based studies associated with inherited diseases has been done till now, which indicated it as one of diagnostic and screening aid tools for those diseases like Edward's Syndrome (Uchida et al., 1962), Patau's Syndrome, Turner's Syndrome and Klinefelter's Syndrome (Penrose, 1963), phenylketonuria (Hirsch, 1965), Wilson's disease (Hodges and Simon, 1962), congenital heart disease (Cascos, 1965 andAlter and Schulenberg, 1970), epilepsy (Brown & Paskind, 1940), schizophrenia (Beckman and A. Norring 1963;Van Oel et al. 2001), thalassaemia (Rosner & Spriggs, 1969), E-β-thalassemia (Das et al. 2015), abnormal anomalies (Schumann and Alter, 1976), including chromosomal aberrations (Suzumori, 1980), breast cancer (Seltzer et al. 1982;Khandelwal et al. 2007) and autism (Dey et al. 2014) etc. Other than the above studies, several studies reported strong association of dermatoglyphic traits with diabetes mellitus such as Chakravati (1967); Sant et al. 1983;Ravindranath et al. 2005;Vadagaonkar et al. 2006;Subhashini and Reddy, 2008;Sharma and Sharma 2012;Rakate et al. 2013;Srivastava and Rajasekar 2014;Ghosh et al. 2016 etc. ...
Dermatoglyphics has been utilised to correlate with numerous diseases and conditions in past decades. The current study looked at diabetes and finger dermatoglyphics features such as ridge count (RC) on whorl, ulnar loop, radial loop, total finger ridge count (TFRC), and absolute finger ridge count (AFRC). The current study comprised 162 Muslim respondents from Guwahati, Assam, of whom 81 were clinically diagnosed diabetics (Type 2 Diabetes mellitus or T2DM) from a hospital and 81 were age-sex-ethnicity matched non-diabetics (healthy) individuals from households. Fingerprints were obtained on fingerprint plates using the ink method on clean hands. Welch's t-test of significance was used to analyse the data in SPSS 20.0. The ridge count of the whorl of right hands of diabetics (both males and females combined) and the radial loop of left hands of female diabetics both increased significantly. Male diabetics had a considerable rise in the mean TFRC and the mean AFRC, as with diabetics of both sexes combined. When both groups had no family history of diabetes, diabetic respondents had significantly higher mean ridge count of whorls, TFRC, and AFRC than non-diabetic respondents. In other words, non-diabetic individuals with a family history of diabetes may have inherited a dermatoglyphic indices pattern that is more or less comparable to that of their diabetic parents or ancestors. In a population, quantitative factors such as the TFRC and AFRC can be utilised as an important dermatoglyphic measure for disease-association, together with the disease's family history.
... Cummins (1939) for the first time predicted the genetic link of dermatoglyphics to Down's Syndrome based upon the presence of simian crease. After him many dermatoglyphic-based studies associated with inherited diseases has been done till now, which indicated it as one of diagnostic and screening aid tools for those diseases like Edward's Syndrome (Uchida et al., 1962), Patau's Syndrome, Turner's Syndrome and Klinefelter's Syndrome (Penrose, 1963), phenylketonuria (Hirsch, 1965), Wilson's disease (Hodges and Simon, 1962), congenital heart disease (Cascos, 1965 andAlter and Schulenberg, 1970), epilepsy (Brown & Paskind, 1940), schizophrenia (Beckman and A. Norring 1963;Van Oel et al. 2001), thalassaemia (Rosner & Spriggs, 1969), E-β-thalassemia (Das et al. 2015), abnormal anomalies (Schumann and Alter, 1976), including chromosomal aberrations (Suzumori, 1980), breast cancer (Seltzer et al. 1982;Khandelwal et al. 2007) and autism (Dey et al. 2014) etc. Other than the above studies, several studies reported strong association of dermatoglyphic traits with diabetes mellitus such as Chakravati (1967); Sant et al. 1983;Ravindranath et al. 2005;Vadagaonkar et al. 2006;Subhashini and Reddy, 2008;Sharma and Sharma 2012;Rakate et al. 2013;Srivastava and Rajasekar 2014;Ghosh et al. 2016 etc. ...
... Cummins (1939) for the first time predicted the genetic link of dermatoglyphics to Down's Syndrome based upon the presence of simian crease. After him many dermatoglyphic-based studies associated with inherited diseases has been done till now, which indicated it as one of diagnostic and screening aid tools for those diseases like Edward's Syndrome (Uchida et al., 1962), Patau's Syndrome, Turner's Syndrome and Klinefelter's Syndrome (Penrose, 1963), phenylketonuria (Hirsch, 1965), Wilson's disease (Hodges and Simon, 1962), congenital heart disease (Cascos, 1965 andAlter and Schulenberg, 1970), epilepsy (Brown & Paskind, 1940), schizophrenia (Beckman and A. Norring 1963;Van Oel et al. 2001), thalassaemia (Rosner & Spriggs, 1969), E-β-thalassemia (Das et al. 2015), abnormal anomalies (Schumann and Alter, 1976), including chromosomal aberrations (Suzumori, 1980), breast cancer (Seltzer et al. 1982;Khandelwal et al. 2007) and autism (Dey et al. 2014) etc. Other than the above studies, several studies reported strong association of dermatoglyphic traits with diabetes mellitus such as Chakravati (1967); Sant et al. 1983;Ravindranath et al. 2005;Vadagaonkar et al. 2006;Subhashini and Reddy, 2008;Sharma and Sharma 2012;Rakate et al. 2013;Srivastava and Rajasekar 2014;Ghosh et al. 2016 etc. ...
... In the last few decades, the medical interest in epidermal ridges has grown considerably because it was found that many patients with chromosome aberrations had unusual ridge patterns (Hoefnagel et al., 1963;Suzumori, 1980;Kobyliansky et al., 1997;Jeewandeep et al., 2013). Man can change, his behavior can change, thoughts can change, but the model of dermatoglyphics will remain the same until death. ...
Genetics and Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Available online at http://www.ifrg-bg.com
... The similar type of peculiar dermal configurations can occur both in normal and abnormal subjects in a different frequencies [5]. Earlier studies proved the strong proximity between the dermatoglyphics patterns and chromosomal aberrations like as, Down's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, Turner syndrome, Cri-du-chat syndrome, Fragile X syndrome and Autism [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Additionally, dermatoglyphics has also been subject matter of several studies on complex and non-communicable disease like Breast Cancer, and E-β thalassemia [20][21][22][23]. ...
p> Background
Dermatoglyphics is frequently used in understanding the proximity with non-communicable diseases including diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases all over the world. The present study is an attempt to understand the association of palmer dermatoglyphic traits [i.e. a-b ridge count (ABRC), c-d ridge count (CDRC), presence of multiple number of axial triradii (t, t' & t") in a single palm, td ridge count (TDRC), atd angle, btd angle and ctd angle] with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Material and methods
Subjects included 30 clinically diagnosed adult female T2DM patients and 60 healthy controls from the Bengalee Hindu Caste population of West Bengal, India. Bilateral palm prints were collected following standard ink and roller method.
Results
Present study revealed that T2DM patients have significantly (p<0.05) lower ABRC, CDRC and TDRC. On the other hand, significantly (p<0.05) higher presence of multiple number of axial triradii t, t' & t" was found in the palm of T2DM patients compared to the controls. T2DM patients also demonstrated significantly (p<0.05) higher values of atd and btd angle. However, T2DM patients demonstrated significantly (p<0.05) lower value of ctd angle than that of controls, only when both hand were considered.
Conclusion
The results the present study indicated that dermatoglyphic traits may be used for early identification of at risk individuals for surveillance with a view to prevent the disease onset.
Journal of Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2016</p
... Dermal ridges are differentiated during third to fourth month of fetal life and remain unchanged throughout the life of an individual [2,3]. These epidermal ridges form well-defined patterns that characterize individuals and was found useful in the clinical diagnoses of several diseases [4] including chromosomal aberration [5], schizophrenia [2] and vitiligo [6]. Studies [7,8]were also demonstratedassociation between diabetes mellitus and dermatoglyphics traits. ...
... Dermatoglyphics have also been used as one of the accessible tools to assess genetically determined diseases (Penrose, 1968;Miliĉiċ et al., 2003;Temaj et al., 2009). Findings from the earlier studies regarding intrinsic patterns of dermatoglyphics and chromosomal aberrations (Schauman & Alter, 1976) for example Down's syndrome (Banerjee et al., 1992), Klinefelter's syndrome (Komatz & Yoshid, 1976), Turner syndrome (Reed et al., 1977), Cri-du-chat syndrome (Suzumari, 1980) have also been reported. In addition to that, dermatoglyphics has been subject matter of many studies regarding complex and non communicable disease like breast cancer (Chintamani et al., 2007), carcinoma cervix (Vaishali et al., 2006), and diabetes (Vadgaonkar et al., 2006). ...
... The simian crease is a familiar feature of Down's syndrome 4 . Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder with abnormalities of chromosome 21 which resulted in patients with the physical and mental retardation 8,9 . According to Global Down's Syndrome Foundation, the average IQ of a person with Down's syndrome usually has a very low level of intelligence 10 . ...
The research on dermatoglyphic study based on finge r print patterns, total finger ridge count, total number of triradius, a-b ridge count and atd angle in simian crease group (the human Masukakegata) was conducted at Minangkabau ethnic. The stud y used a purposive sampling method for the simian crease group and random sampling for the nor mal group. Data processing used qualitative and quantitative descriptive method and it was carr ied out in the Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathemat ics and Natural Sciences, University of Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra. The results showed t hat the finger print pattern on the simian crease group was significantly different to the nor mal group. There was increased frequency of whorls in simian crease group. While the total fing er ridge count, total number of triradius, a-b ridge count and atd angle on simian crease group we re not significantly different to the normal group. The atd angle was recommended to be one of t he other markers to predict rapidly trisomy 21 besides simian crease on palmar and proposed to no longer define the simian line just as characteristic of people with Down’s syndrome.
... There is, in each finger's base except the thumb, a triradius called triradius (a) in the base of the index finger, triradius (b) in the base of the middle finger, triradius (c) in the base of the ring finger, and triradius (d) in the base of the little finger. Out of the top of each triradius appears a main line going towards one of the areas of the palm (Schaumann and Alter, 1976).There are also a number of triradii in other areas of the palm as triradius t, t -, t = , z, z -,and z = (for further information quid vid Al-Saadi, 1990).The significance of functional and genetic of the ridge counts (they do form in the first months of pregnancy and remain constant all life long) (Mellor, 1968;Schweikel, 1971;Suzumori, 1980). Studies have dealt with them from different perspectives, there are studies which have dealt with the relationship of the ridge counts of some diseases (Al-Juboory, 2001;Avila et al., 2003;Ravindranath et al., 2003), some studied the ridge counts in various societies especially the one with indigenous (Al-Juboory, 2002;Igbigbi and Msamati, 2002;Sengupta and Karmakar, 2003), There are studies that dealt with the influence of environmental factors on the process of forming the ridge counts (Lopuszanska and Jankowska, 2001;Bokhari et al., 2002;Al-Juboory, 2004). ...
The relationship between the presence of triradius (a) and triradius (d) have been doubly studied with the pattern of the second finger (index) and the fifth (little finger) respectively in a sample of 200 persons (50 for each sex) and they were compared with (100 persons) as a control sample (50) for each sex. When comparison was conducted among studied samples, there appeared many differences in the repetition of the patterns and for each sex separately where the occurrence of whorls of the second and fifth fingers increased in the double samples of males (54%, 36%) compared with the control sample(16%, 46%) respectively whereas the occurrence of ulnar loops in these (2) samples and for the second and fifth fingers decreased (26%, 64%) compared with the control sample (32%, 84%) respectively. As regards the females, the case was pretty much complicated where the occurrence of whorls decreased to (38%) and the occurrence of ulnar loops and arches for the second finger of the female sample increased to (16%, 38%) compared with the control sample (62%) and (6%, 24%) respectively. As for the double female triradius (d) sample, the whorls and arches occurrence has increased to (24%, 8%) and the ulnar loops occurrence decreased to (66%) compared with the control sample (18%, 0%) and (82%) respectively. Some of these differences have reached an significant level while the others were not when using.(χ2) test for comparison. The double male triradius (a) sample showed the sum of the mean higher for both unilateral and bilateral analyses compared with the control, and also the double male triradius (d) sample as related to the bilateral analysis. As for the other samples, they showed the sum of mean lesser compared with the control.
... There is, in each finger's base except the thumb, a triradius called triradius (a) in the base of the index finger, triradius (b) in the base of the middle finger, triradius (c) in the base of the ring finger, and triradius (d) in the base of the little finger. Out of the top of each triradius appears a main line going towards one of the areas of the palm (Schaumann and Alter, 1976).There are also a number of triradii in other areas of the palm as triradius t, t -, t = , z, z -,and z = (for further information quid vid Al-Saadi, 1990).The significance of functional and genetic of the ridge counts (they do form in the first months of pregnancy and remain constant all life long) (Mellor, 1968;Schweikel, 1971;Suzumori, 1980). Studies have dealt with them from different perspectives, there are studies which have dealt with the relationship of the ridge counts of some diseases (Al-Juboory, 2001;Avila et al., 2003;Ravindranath et al., 2003), some studied the ridge counts in various societies especially the one with indigenous (Al-Juboory, 2002;Igbigbi and Msamati, 2002;Sengupta and Karmakar, 2003), There are studies that dealt with the influence of environmental factors on the process of forming the ridge counts (Lopuszanska and Jankowska, 2001;Bokhari et al., 2002;Al-Juboory, 2004). ...
The relationship between the presence of triradius (a) and triradius (d) have been doubly studied with the pattern of the second finger (index) and the fifth (little finger) respectively in a sample of 200 persons (50 for each sex) and they were compared with (100 persons) as a control sample (50) for each sex .When comparison was conducted among studied samples, there appeared many differences in the repetition of the patterns and for each sex separately where the occurrence of whorls of the second and fifth fingers increased in the double samples of males (54%, 36%) compared with the control sample(16%, 46%) respectively whereas the occurrence of ulnar loops in these (2) samples and for the second and fifth fingers decreased (26%, 64%) compared with the control sample (32%, 84%) respectively. As regards the females, the case was pretty much complicated where the occurrence of whorls decreased to (38%) and the occurrence of ulnar loops and arches for the second finger of the female sample increased to (16%, 38%) compared with the control sample (62%) and (6%, 24%) respectively. As for the double female triradius (d) sample, the whorls and arches occurrence has increased to (24%, 8%) and the ulnar loops occurrence decreased to (66%) compared with the control sample (18%, 0%) and (82%) respectively. Some of these differences have reached an significant level while the others were not when using.(χ 2) test for comparison. The double male triradius (a) sample showed the sum of the mean higher for both unilateral and bilateral analyses compared with the control , and also the double male triradius (d) sample as related to the bilateral analysis. As for the other samples, they showed the sum of mean lesser compared with the control.
... A number of investigators have reported the features of dermatoglyphics correlated with various types of diseases. Fere (1905), Bonnevie (1927Bonnevie ( , 1933, Blumel (1928), , Blotevogel (1933), Krieger (1934), Newmann (1934, Cummins (1936, 1940), Chattopadhyaya (1937), Duis (1937, Moller (1937), Workman (1939), Brow (1940, Turpin (1953Turpin ( , 1974, Rodewal (1962) Uchida (1963), Holt (1964), Kumbnani (1967Kumbnani ( , 1969Kumbnani ( , 1971Kumbnani ( , 1973Kumbnani ( , 1978Kumbnani ( , 1990Kumbnani ( , 1991, Biswas (1966), Mellor (1968) Zajazjkowska (1969, Bali (1971), Chaube (1971, 1976), Vrdagh Laoureux (1975, Woolf (1976), Schaumann and Alter (1976), Ayme (1979), Balgir (1978), Eswariah Marque (1976, Suzumori (1980), Schmidt (1981), Mukherjee (1984Mukherjee ( , 1990, Simpson (1984), Hirth (1985), Sudherland (1985), Markov (1986), Chakraborty (1987), Bagga (1988), Gyenis (1988), Karmakar (1988), Milong (1988), Hauser (1989), Bhasin and Khanna (1994). ...
... Suzumori [49] used the techniques of Okajima [27] to study the dermatoglyphic features of human abortuses with chromosomal abnormalities. His observations suggest that the developmental sequence of ridges with chromosomal disorders was retarded by more than two weeks as compared to age-matched normal fetuses. ...
... However, they recognized that dermatoglyphic analysis was difficult in many cases due to maceration of the skin. Recently, Suzumori (1980) reported his dermatoglyphic findings in five fetuses with different chromosomal aberrations karyotyped by amniocentesis. ...
Dermatoglyphic examinations were undertaken on the dermal surfaces of two fetuses at the 20th and 22nd week, respectively, from the onset of the last menstrual periods. The fetuses were diagnosed as cases of trisomy 21 by amniocentesis, and abortions were induced.
... With the recognition that cancer could be caused by deletion of tumor suppressor genes or increased expression of oncogenes [Knudson, 1985] and the localization of a locus on the long arm of chromosome 18 that was deleted in colon cancer (DCC) [Fearon et al., 1990], one of the authors [Reed, 1991] hypothesized that loci related to growth regulatory functions, if active in utero, might be reflected in dermatoglyphic patterns at opposite ends of the developmental spectrum. More specifically, for trisomy 18 an extra copy of DCC might suppress volar pad growth and lead to pad hypoplasia as suggested by Mulvihill and Smith [1969] or delayed ridge development [Suzumori, 1980] and an excess of arches; conversely a loss of one tumor suppressor gene might lead to an increase in volar pad size and the occurrence large patterns with arches rarely seen in 18q-deletions. It is now known that DCC is a receptor for netrin-1, which induces spinal axons to grow towards the midline. ...
The presence of an arch pattern on at least one fingertip has previously been suggested as an autosomal dominant trait with reduced penetrance, although the examination of pedigrees with this trait segregating is also consistent with major gene or multifactorial inheritance. We utilized fingerprints in 2,484 twin-pairs to estimate heritability for the presence of at least one fingertip arch pattern. The frequency of arches in the entire sample was 4.3% (2,175/50,850), 5.5% in females and 3.2% in males. There were 267 twin-pairs concordant for the presence of an arch on any finger. Structural equation modeling was performed to contingency table data for five groups (MZ male, MZ female, DZ male, DZ female, and unlike-sexed DZ). The best fitting model, which allowed for the prevalence of arches to differ between males and females, had a heritability of 91%. There was some evidence for small dominant genetic effects in females and shared environmental effects in males, although both were not significant. With such high heritability, the search for specific genes influencing the occurrence of fingertip arch patterns is justified.
Dermatoglyphs are epidermal ridges on the volar surfaces of fingers, toes, palms and soles.Their development begins between 6th and 7th gestational week, so that critical stage of ridge differentiation occurs in the first trimester, coinciding with critical phase of embryonal development. The inheritance of epidermal ridge patterns is polygenic, often markedly affected by some environmental factors causing them to be reffered as multifactorial traits. Genetic determination, time of occurrence, stability and high individuality enable dermatoglyphic analysis to give an insight in critical stage of embryogenesis. Unusual dermatoglyphic variables are found to be significant markers in many numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations .Many investigations have proved epidermal ridges configuration analysis as a powerful additional screening method in identification of congenital anomalies, detection and prevention of different genetically caused disturbances.
Background and aims: Dermatoglyphics has been studied extensively in chromosomal disorders and also in various diseases. Identical twins cannot be distinguished based on DNA. It is claimed that identical twins can be distinguished based on their finger prints, retina, and thermogram and iris patterns. It will be really interesting to know whether the identical twins have same dermatoglyphic patterns or not. Materials and Methods: 24 pairs of identical twins were examined for quantitative and qualitative similarities of finger print patterns; patterns on the palm, ‘atd’angle, ‘a-b’ridge count and palmar creases. Finger prints were evaluated for loop, arch, whorl and the data was recorded. Paired sample correlation test was applied to analyse ‘a-b’ridge count and ‘atd’ angle. Results: We have found that on comparison of finger tip patterns there are differences of about 33.33%. ‘a-b’ridge count in cases studied showed mean range from 38.23 to 38.37 on right and left hands respectively. This indicates there is close similarity in the ‘a-b’ridge count of identical twins, ‘atd’ angle showed close similarity in mean ranging from 46.23 to 46.10 on right and left hand respectively. Conclusion: Finger tip patterns is superior parameter to differentiate Identical twins compared to ‘a-b’ridge count and ‘atd’ angle.
Dermatoglyphics is a heritable, durable, and age-independent trait in man and widely used as a model trait for population genetics and medical research. Present study is an attempt to understand the association of finger and hypothenar pattern types with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). To achieve the purpose bilateral palm prints of 30 clinically diagnosed adult female NIDDM patients and 60 healthy adult females without having the history of diabetes as non-diabetic were incorporated from the Bengalee Hindu caste population of West Bengal, India. The result demonstrated higher frequency of ulnar loop, radial loop, composite and plain arch in NIDDM patients than non-diabetic individuals. The result also revealed higher occurrence of hypothenar pattern in NIDDM patients than that of non-diabetic individuals. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in finger ridge and hypothenar patterns between NIDDM and non-diabetic individuals. Therefore, the present study indicated that higher frequency unlar loop and hypothenar pattern as well as lower frequency of whorl may be used as a screening tool to identify the person at risk of developing NIDDM.
Dermatoglyphics is a scientific field that deals with the analysis of dermal ridge patterns on the digits of fingers, the palms of hands, and the soles of feet and is used as a mean of personal identification. The aim of this article is to assess the research productivity in the area of dermatoglyphics. The Scopus multidisciplinary database was searched for articles published between 1964 and 2013 in which one or more of the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were used in either the title, abstract, or keyword fields: dermatoglyphics, plantar prints, and fingerprints. An analysis of 8,546 documents in dermatoglyphics in terms of types of documents published and language of publication; annual growth of papers; most prolifically publishing countries, institutions, authors, and journals; most cited papers; h-index; and citation status has been provided.
A brief update of recent developments and trends in dermatoglyphic research is presented, based on a 1980–87 literature review.
The discussed topics include anthropological, genetic, medical and developmental studies of the epidermal ridge patterns and
flexion creases, including dermatoglyphic variability, new methodological and classification approaches, studies of nonhuman
primates and of other experimental animals. Rather than an exhaustive survey of the existing literature, the purpose of this
communication is to point out specific accomplishments, novel approaches, and emerging trends in various fields of dermatoglyphic
research.
An unconfirmed study by Fang (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of London, 1950) in Britain showed that individuals with Down syndrome had lower total a-b ridge counts in palmar Interdigital area II (ID II) than a group of controls. This study compares 603 white Down syndrome cases and 93 black Down syndrome cases with 668 white and 402 black controls. Our results confirm those of Fang in that the Down syndrome cases in both racial groups had lower total a-b ridge counts than their respective controls. In addition, the black controls and Down syndrome cases had lower a-b ridge counts than their white counterparts. The mean a-b ridge count was significantly lower in individuals with a pattern in ID II compared to individuals without a pattern in ID II in both the Down syndrome and control groups. Some of the lower a-b ridge counts in the Down syndrome samples can be accounted for by the fact that there is an increased frequency of a pattern in ID II in Down syndrome cases. Both Down syndrome and normal individuals who had a pattern unilaterally had a lower than expected a-b ridge count on the contralateral hand that did not have a pattern. There was a tendency also for increased asymmetry in Down syndrome cases with a pattern in ID II.
In this study a new method for description of fingerprints was used on plain ulnar loops of Down's syndrome individuals of both sexes. The results of the patients were compared with those of their parents, siblings and unrelated control samples, all of the matching sex. Higher variability within the dermatoglyphics was seen among patients. The results were supported by higher correlation figures between the parameters studied in the control samples. The TRC showed no difference between Down's syndrome individuals and controls. Several causes for the results are discussed. Investigations by other authors are presented.
Development of the dermal ridges in volar skin was investigated in 28 pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) fetuses of known gestational age, ranging from 51 days postconception to newborn. Histology, scanning electron microscopy, and staining of the abraded dermal surface were used in the study. Morphological features of the dermal-epidermal system and their changes with advancing age are described. Chronology was established for stages in the development of the volar skin, i.e., the differentiation of the primary and secondary epidermal ridges (PER and SER) at the undersurface of the epidermis corresponding to the formation of primary and secondary dermal ridges (PDR and SDR) and the development of the dermal papillae. PDRs were first seen at 55 gestational days and SDRs at 93 days. Differentiation of sweat ducts occurred over the period between 60 and 119 gestational days. A regional sequence of differentiation starting with the digital apices of the hand and ending in the calcar area and the phalanges of the foot was documented. Generally, morphogenesis in the macaque was accelerated relative to that in the human fetus by approximately 3 weeks.
To determine if Chinese individuals with non syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) display more dermatoglyphic asymmetry than unaffected relatives or controls.
Case-control study with two control groups (genetically related and unrelated).
A total of 500 CL/P probands from Shanghai, China, 421 unaffected relatives, and 66 controls of Chinese heritage.
Finger and palm prints were collected, and pattern frequencies, total ridge counts (TRC), and atd angles were calculated. Asymmetry scores between right and left hands were defined for each of the three dermatoglyphic measures. Probands' asymmetry scores were compared statistically with the scores of unaffected relatives and controls.
In general, the probands' asymmetry scores for TRC and atd angle did not differ significantly from the scores of either unaffected relatives or controls. However, probands with a positive family history of clefting showed significantly more asymmetry in their pattern types than either probands without a family history, unaffected relatives or controls.
These results suggest that a unique genetic mechanism of developmental instability may obtain in CL/P individuals with a positive family history of clefting.
This paper describes a new technique to inspect dermal ridges on the dermal surface instead of the epidermal surface. The dermal surface was exposed by chemical treatment and stained with toluidine blue. Dermal ridges are observable by the metachromatic effect of the reagent, which might suggest a close relationship between morphological characteristics and quantitative variations of biochemical components in the connective tissue. Dermatoglyphic features were recognized in fetuses from the 14th gestational week. Morphogenesis of dermal components--that is, grooves, primary and secondary dermal ridges, furrows, papillae, and sweat ducts--was examined at various gestational stages. The general law in the developmental sequence of the ridges in different volar areas was also confirmed.
Studies of palmar and digital creases in the developing hand and in malformed handsindicate that these creases are the consequence of early flexional folding in the skin of the developing hand. Thus any alteration from the usual crease pattern may be interpreted as being secondary to abnormal form and/or function of the early developing hand. Such knowledge may be of diagnostic value in particular syndromes, as well as being of functional significance in serious malformations of the hand.
It is possible to examine, with a dissecting microscope, the dermal patterns on the hands and feet of human fetuses from approximately 90 mm. in sitting height (crown to rump) to term. In specimens from the last half of gestation, observations can be made without any special treatment or after the application of a depilatory cream. In younger specimens a depilatory cream and/or glycerine is used. By these procedures it is possible to determine dermatoglyphic aberrations in aborted fetuses.
Summary1.A new method is outlined by which a purely objective diagnosis of mongolism can be made.2.The method is based on the significantdifferences in the frequencies of dermal configurations for mongoloid imbeciles compared with a control series.3.It is shown that 70 per cent of mongoloid imbeciles possess combinations of patterns not repeated in nonmongols, while 76 per cent of the nonmongols have combinations not found among the imbeciles.4.The dermal configurations usedare the finger patterns and certain of the palm and sole patterns.
The finger and palm dermal ridge patterns in a sample of Swedish mongoloids show distinct differences from those of normal Swedes. Compared to normals, mongoloids were found to have an increase of ulnar loops and a decrease of the other finger-print patterns. In the mongoloids the frequency of pattern occurrence is high in the hypothenar and 3rd interdigital areas and low in the 4th interdigital area. With regard to both the dermatoglyphic patterns and the atd angle there is, in general, a good agreement between the results of this study and those of previous investigations. In mongoloid males the frequency of typical four finger line is significantly higher than in mongoloid females.
In the study of palm prints, a human palm is generally divided into five areas: hypothenar, thenar-first-interdigital, second, third and fourth inter-digitals, in each of which various configurations can be observed. These configurations range in form from whorls, loops and vestiges to absence of patterns, i.e. plain structures, called open fields. Whorls are patterns each with two triradii, and loops each with only one triradius. Vestiges, which are local disarrangements of epidermal ridges, vary from resembling a true pattern to approaching an open field.
A comparative study on finger patterns with Down's syndrome in Japan
FUJITA H: A comparative study on finger patterns with Down's syndrome in Japan. Jpn J
Hum Genet 14:IQ98 -209, 1969