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The helping professional's use of language in describing the poor
Abstract
This paper seeks to explore those words through the literature and to examine their impact and meanings from the linguistic and semantic point of view, as well as from the point of view of professional responsibility in using language. Each word we use in describing the poor should be an accurate description of what is, of what we see rather than of what we look for and fail to see—perhaps due to our own blindness. We need extensionalist and operational definitions that relate more closely to the verb "to do" than the verb "to be." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
In this article we describe the concept of reciprocal foster families a strength-based approach to helping families in poverty. This approach focuses on the resources that all families have to offer each other. The goal of reciprocal foster families approach is to restrict the role of professionals and develop trust in the intuitive wisdom of natural networks of people and families as they help each other succeed in times of difficulty.
This article presents a model of practice that attempts to integrate two historic social work positions: emphasis on knowledge and skill to effect change in persons, and emphasis on knowledge and skill to effect change in environments. An ecological/reciprocal perspective not only integrates these positions but the methodological specializations of casework, group work, and community organization as well. Through an ecological theoretical perspective and a reciprocal conception of social work function, people and their environments receive simultaneous professional attention. Needs and issues are reconceptualized from "personality states" and "environmental states" to problems in living. Professional interventions associated with problems people experience are specified.
In a Parent Child Center, disadvantaged mothers learn to stimulate cognitive growth in their children and, through other activities, gain in self-esteem
Understanding and treatment of life stresses comprise a fundamental strategy that must be built into any program to maximize social functioning potential
Research is reported testing the hypothesis that decisions involving the imposition of social values are more readily taken with working-class clients
Social workers may encounter three linguistic problem areas during interviews—language differences, labeling, and the clients' inability to articulate concerns
The limitations imposed by circumstantial uniqueness—continual victimization by racist strategies—apply to all black people regardless of status
Life model, interactionist concepts of social work prove to be effective when translated directly into action in a community social service agency
Studied factors contributing to continuing treatment in 80 depressed female outpatients during an 8-mo period. Ss 25-60 yr. old were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. 40 received monthly drug medication while the other 40 received 2 hr/wk casework in addition to monthly medication. The attrition rate for the weekly casework group was significantly lower than the minimal group. It is concluded that high therapist motivation, defined time limits, and informal milieu were influencing factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Discusses professional clinical services to poor Black clients, delineates the range of potentially effective counseling modalities, and presents some of the substance of such clinical practice. Case examples are cited. Many poor Black families who need clinical services seem to be without fathers. It is suggested that poor Black children may suffer extensive emotional deprivation, which stunts their psychosocial development. Professional counseling and therapeutic services are needed and wanted, and there is a need to discover how more Black people can become trained professionals. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Within a system concept role delineation and communicational patterns of black, disadvantaged families are evaluated on the basis of 15 years experience. The observations made at best are suggestive and meant to highlight certain features of a black, disadvantaged family system. In the light of these observations some suggestions regarding technique are offered, notably the use of multiple family therapy as a way of increasing therapeutic effectiveness and facilitating movement in the system.
Working with disorganized families of the low socioeconomic population requires adaptations of family therapy techniques which take the specific characteristics of those families into account. This paper discusses changing family subgroupings and shifting observational sets to help family members learn to experience their feelings more clearly and begin to see how they can change their ways of behaving. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
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