No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Nostalgia: A Psychological Perspective
Abstract
A survey was designed to assess nostalgia for 20 aspects of experience as well as relative judgments of the world past, present, and future. Surveys were completed by 648 respondents, 268 males and 380 females, ranging in age from 4 to 80 years old. Split-half reliability was .78. Test-retest reliability over a 1-wk. interval on a separate sample of 50 respondents was .84. Nostalgia was related to the judgment of the past relative to the present. Gender differences were not significant, but significant differences across age groups were obtained for most items. The intensity of nostalgic sentiment varied across objects, situations, aspects of society, and people. Factor analysis suggested that nostalgia is comprised of a number of factors reflecting different spheres and levels of experience. For nostalgia, conceptualized as a multifaceted, composite construct, results were discussed with respect to four approaches--generational, developmental, personality, and transient mood state. Suggestions were made for further development of the survey and for research exploring relationships among nostalgia, motivation, emotion, and behavior.
... Gross) обсуждалось, что ослабленные ностальгией люди ищут мощные сенсорные стимулы, вплоть до поджогов и убийств, что печаль и уныние страдающих ностальгией способны разряжаться в преступлении (Ясперс, 1996). В ранних исследованиях ностальгия классифицировалась как психическое заболевание (Batcho, 1995). ...
... Как уже упоминалось, традиционный взгляд на ностальгию связывал феномен с патологическими состояниями, например с депрессией (Batcho, 1995) и даже с опасностью для общества (Ясперс, 1996). Современный взгляд на индуцированные ностальгические воспоминания, представленный в работах К. Ратледжа (С. ...
... Наличие социального и эмоционального компонентов ностальгии могут свидетельствовать о ее взаимосвязи с чертами, отражающими типичное поведение, эмоциональные реакции и стратегии поведения в отношениях с другими чертами личности и индивидуальными характеристиками (Batcho, 1995). ...
The paper presents a theoretical review of research on the phenomenon of nostalgia — its essential characteristics, behavioural patterns; and identifies situational contexts that are most relevant to nostalgic experiences and approaches to the categorisation of nostalgia as a state and as a trait (proneness); considers the links and relations of nostalgia with various psychological constructs. Based on previous studies, a generalization of the functions of nostalgia has been carried out, among which we can emphasise both the functions common to mental states — integration, reflection, energetic, development, and specific ones — protective, anticipatory and, complementing reality. The approaches to the study of the place of nostalgia in the system of mental phenomena are analyzed: in a number of personal characteristics, in connections and relationships with cognitive functions. The article emphasizes the importance of situational context for the study of nostalgia, since the parameters of the situation can be triggers of nostalgia, actualizing its energy, protective and resource functions. The article emphasizes the importance of situational context for the study of nostalgia, since the parameters of the situation can be triggers of nostalgia, actualising its energetic, protective and resource functions. Factors mediating the effectiveness of nostalgia interventions are considered, such as personality traits (the Big Five and the Dark Triad). The specific nature of situations that evoke nostalgic experiences — the situation of isolation associated with physical, territorial or social limitations — has been identified. The conducted analysis allows us to define nostalgia as an integrative mental state, situationally determined, associated with changes in the individual’s life space, with internal experiences reflected in the person’s perception of the situation, influencing resilience and subjective well-being through a mediated relationship with individual characteristics. Despite a relatively large number of studies, the effects of nostalgia on individuals’ psychological well-being and resilience remain insufficiently understood and require further research using observational (including longitudinal) and experimental designs, and samples selected according to different criteria, particularly those in situations of isolation.
... The Likert 5-point scale was employed for measurement, with values ranging from 1 to 5 (1 means complete disagreement, 5 means complete agreement, and 3 means neither agreement nor opposition). The first section assesses nostalgia based on the research of Gao et al. (2020) [69], Batcho (1995) [70], and Li (2015) [71]. The second part evaluates collective memory drawing from the works of Stone and Jay (2019) ual differences of different samples will not interfere with the analysis and research of the four emotional dimensions. ...
... The Likert 5-point scale was employed for measurement, with values ranging from 1 to 5 (1 means complete disagreement, 5 means complete agreement, and 3 means neither agreement nor opposition). The first section assesses nostalgia based on the research of Gao et al. (2020) [69], Batcho (1995) [70], and Li (2015) [71]. The second part evaluates collective memory drawing from the works of Stone and Jay (2019) ual differences of different samples will not interfere with the analysis and research of the four emotional dimensions. ...
... The Likert 5-point scale was employed for measurement, with values ranging from 1 to 5 (1 means complete disagreement, 5 means complete agreement, and 3 means neither agreement nor opposition). The first section assesses nostalgia based on the research of Gao et al. (2020) [69], Batcho (1995) [70], and Li (2015) [71]. The second part evaluates collective memory drawing from the works of Stone ...
This study aims to investigate the cognitive mechanisms of rural residents amidst the renewal of suburban historical and cultural villages by examining the interplay between nostalgia, collective memory, subjective well-being, and place identity in rural tourism destinations. Using Naobao Village as a case study—a suburban historical and cultural village in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia—this research employs a comprehensive approach integrating experimental methods and questionnaire surveys. The findings demonstrate that analyzing the interaction among the four emotions can elucidate the cognitive mechanism of residents. Moreover, it uncovers that positive tourism effects significantly influence residents’ perception of their living environment with positive effects on collective memory, subjective well-being, and place identity. In the theoretical model for generating cognition among residents in suburban historical and cultural villages, subjective well-being and collective memory play crucial mediating roles. This study offers a novel perspective for spatial reconstruction and cultural evolution of tourist landscapes in suburban rural tourist destinations.
... To address these questions, we review four established scales for assessing trait nostalgia. In chronological order of development, these are the Nostalgia Inventory [1], the Southampton Nostalgia Scale [2,3], the Nostalgia Prototype Scale [4], and the Personal Inventory of Nostalgic Experiences [5]. We assess their convergent validity by re-analyzing data from a previously published study, in which all four scales were administered to participants from the U.S. and China [6]. ...
... p < .01) reliability [1]. ...
... An alternative approach would be to test whether these scales are unidimensional by modelling each as a latent variable in a hierarchical factor model, with a superordinate nostalgia factor. We chose not to do so because at least one of the scales, the NI, is not unidimensional [1] and examining the factor structure of each scale is beyond the scope of this article. We present the basic factor-analytic model in Figure 1. ...
We review four established scales for measuring individual differences in trait-level nostalgia: the Nostalgia Inventory, the Southampton Nostalgia Scale, the Nostalgia Prototype Scale, and the Personal Inventory of Nostalgic Experiences. To examine their convergent validity, we re-analyzed data from a published study in which all four scales were administered simultaneously. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that a one-factor model accurately described the interrelations among the four scales, and supported full metric and partial scalar invariance across U.S. and Chinese samples. When measuring trait nostalgia, we recommend that researchers also consider potential confounders. Specifically, we discuss the importance of controlling for other ways in which individuals habitually reflect on their past, including brooding rumination and upward self-referent counterfactual thinking.
... National prostalgia was measured via a modified National Prostalgia scale that was originally adapted from Routledge et al. (2008), Batcho (1995), and Smeekes et al. (2015). Participants were presented with our definition of national prostalgia, which was defined as a "sentimental longing for a future state of one's country, " and asked to answer 12 items. ...
... To measure how much participants long for their nation's past we used a 6-item scale originally adapted from items used by Routledge et al. (2008), Batcho (1995), and Smeekes et al. (2015). Participants were presented with a definition of nostalgia before they could answer the items. ...
Introduction
Demographic changes occurring throughout the world, as well as different forms of climate and social movements, are examples of the constant cultural change people experience. Many of these changes reflect broad political and existential threats. We developed and tested the concept of national prostalgia, which we define as the longing of the nation’s future. According to Cultural Inertia theory, national prostalgia is a psychological propeller that facilitates acceptance of cultural change.
Methods
We conducted two correlational studies to develop and test the construct, and the predictive, divergent, and convergent validity of national prostalgia by comparing it to two prospection scales that measure future-thinking, and a third study to experimentally test if national prostalgia can be manipulated. We hypothesized that national prostalgia would predict higher acceptance to cultural change. Change was operationalized as eco-friendly intentions, engagement of new norms created during the COVID-19 pandemic and lowering prejudiced attitudes–beyond the effect of national nostalgia, prospection, optimism, and openness to new experiences.
Results
Study 1 demonstrated that national prostalgia was a better predictor than prospection for higher eco-friendly intentions and acceptance of new normal norms, even when controlling for national nostalgia (i.e., a psychological anchor). In study 2, national prostalgia predicted higher eco- friendly intentions and acceptance of new normal norms, even when controlling for prospection, optimism, and openness to new experiences. National prostalgia did not predict outgroup derogation or white nationalism–variables that indicate prejudice. Study 3 replicated the basic effects, but manipulations designed to influence national prostalgia did not have their predicted effects.
Discussion
Thus, national prostalgia is a psychological propeller that goes above and beyond the effect of prospection and we now have a reliable and valid scale to measure national prostalgia.
... et al. (2020)[58],Batcho (1995) [59]andLi (2015)[60].The second part evaluates collective memory drawing from the works of Stone & Jay (2019)[61], Qian et al. (2019)[38], Kong & Zhuang (2017) [62]among others. The third segment gauges subjective well-being by integrating elements from the classic life satisfaction scale in conjunction with findings from Du et al. (2020) ...
... et al. (2020)[58],Batcho (1995) [59]andLi (2015)[60].The second part evaluates collective memory drawing from the works of Stone & Jay (2019)[61], Qian et al. (2019)[38], Kong & Zhuang (2017) [62]among others. The third segment gauges subjective well-being by integrating elements from the classic life satisfaction scale in conjunction with findings from Du et al. (2020) ...
This study aims to investigate the psychological cognitive mechanisms of rural residents amidst the renewal of suburban historical and cultural villages by examining the interplay between nostalgia, collective memory, subjective well-being and place identity in rural tourism destinations. Using Naobao Village as a case study—a suburban historical and cultural village in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, this research employs a comprehensive approach integrating experimental methods and questionnaire surveys. The findings demonstrate that analyzing the interaction among the four emotions can elucidate the psychological cognitive mechanism of residents. Moreover, it uncovers that tourism effects significantly influence residents' perception of their living environment with positive effects on collective memory, subjective well-being and place identity. In the theoretical model for generating psychological cognition among residents in suburban historical and cultural villages, subjective well-being and collective memory play crucial mediating roles. This study provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for spatial reconstruction and cultural evolution of tourist landscapes in suburban rural tourist destinations.
... When we are anxious, we naturally seek comfort and control over the situation, e.g., using shopping as retail therapy to repair bad moods or alleviate distress. Nostalgia has been found to benefit individuals when they reminisce about details of their own past, often triggered by life changes and milestones, as a way of counteracting loneliness, promoting feelings of belonging, and fostering healthy coping strategies [31]. Reminiscence therapy often uses life histories such as photographs and music to help individuals improve psychological well-being. ...
... Nostalgia, commonly understood as denoting currently missing aspects of one's lived past [31,32], can be triggered by a wide range of stimuli in daily life, from sensory experiences (music or songs, photographs, tastes or smells, etc.) to significant life events (birthdays, weddings, and family gathering traditions). The impact of nostalgia might depend upon the time perspective governing the emotion, since the same point in time can be framed as either the start or end of a given time period. ...
This study investigates the influence of temporal landmarks on nostalgic consumption through the mediating role of the need to belong. In particular, the study identifies end landmarks as one of the triggers of landmarks, a phenomenon that has not been studied in the existing nostalgic consumption literature. The research is composed of one pilot study and three experiments to test our research hypotheses. The results show that end temporal landmarks trigger feelings of nostalgia, which leads to nostalgic consumption through the need to belong. This study underscores the mediating role of the need to belong, which plays an important role in leading to nostalgic consumption. Building upon theoretical perspectives on the need to belong, our study enriches the research literature by linking extreme consumer emotional statuses, such as social anxiety, to the consumer need to belong, showing that consumer nostalgic consumption can become a coping strategy that counteracts these negative feelings and helps in regaining connection and supporting social relationship networks. Marketers may use the signs of end temporal landmarks to increase consumers’ nostalgia, which, in turn, will enhance consumers’ need to belong and thus lead to the purchasing and consumption of nostalgic products.
... Proponen distintas variantes de nostalgia para el consumidor: real, simulada y colectiva, además indagan sobre su aplicación en el marketing. Batcho (1995) Evaluó los efectos emocionales de la nostalgia desde la perspectiva psicológica, identificando diferentes niveles de experiencia y variaciones en la intensidad del sentimiento motivadas por las situaciones, los aspectos de la sociedad y las personas. Definen la nostalgia como una construcción compuesta multifacética, los resultados se discutieron con respecto a cuatro enfoques: generacional, de desarrollo, personalidad y estado de ánimo transitorio. ...
... Fuente: Davis, 1979;Holbrook, 1990;Stern, 1992;Holbrook y Schindler, 1994;Batcho, 1995;Havlena y Holak, 1996 De acuerdo con la evolución del concepto de nostalgia, se reconoce la relación del sentimiento con el entorno de la persona, superando la creencia de que es una emoción meramente personal. También se estipulan diferentes niveles de nostalgia y variantes, además de relacionarse con aspectos sociodemográficos, así como niveles de experiencia e intensidad del sentimiento. ...
El impacto de la tecnología digital en las empresas y la dinámica del mercado ha sido fundamental en la transformación de las organizaciones. Esta tecnología ha impulsado la forma en que las empresas se organizan y compiten, ofreciendo ventajas competitivas a través de la reestructuración de la industria, la creación de nuevos modelos de negocios y la formulación de estrategias para permanecer en el mercado. Las tecnologías digitales han revolucionado la eficiencia operativa al reducir los costos, han permitido el análisis de grandes volúmenes de datos para tomar decisiones más informadas y han transformado la comercialización de productos y la cadena de suministro, evolucionando de la economía de la información a la economía del conocimiento. Este libro reflexiona sobre la digitalización empresarial, el papel de la tecnología, la economía social y el espíritu emprendedor como factores esenciales para el desarrollo de las organizaciones. En particular, en una sociedad altamente interconectada que demanda nuevas formas de producción y de consumo, la tecnología ofrece la capacidad de adaptarse al entorno actual. Las empresas se ven obligadas a transformar sus procesos y productos, y a adoptar nuevas estrategias de comercialización, enfoques de gestión de recursos humanos y relaciones con los clientes, transformando así la cultura organizacional.
... Another stream of research examining the moderators of nostalgic ad effectiveness shows that the positive effect of nostalgic ads could disappear when they fail to evoke self-reference thoughts (Langaro et al., 2020;Marchegiani and Phau, 2010). However, this stream of work has mainly focused on self-related moderators, such as age and nostalgia proneness (Batcho, 1995;Muehling et al., 2014;Singh et al., 2021), with little attention paid to factors related to social influence, such as the imagination or the presence of other diners or tourists. Additionally, the advertising literature on nostalgic ads has mainly concentrated on advertising material goods (where the influence of social servicescape is often absent) rather than experiential services. ...
... However, a nostalgic ad may not work if it fails to initiate selfreference thoughts (Marchegiani and Phau, 2010). The advertising literature has identified several boundary factors that may moderate the power of nostalgic ads, including individuals' age (Batcho, 1995), gender (Singh et al., 2021), nostalgia proneness (Ford and Merchant, 2010), and past personal association with the brand (Muehling et al., 2014). For example, Muehling et al. (2014) find that the advantage of nostalgic ads over non-nostalgic ads on brand attitude is more prominent when participants have past personal associations with the brand but disappears when such association is absent since the brand is perceived as irrelevant to them. ...
Previous research has documented the power of nostalgic ads, yet little is known about whether and how their effectiveness will be affected by social influence, which is often unavoidable in the service context. To fill this gap, the current research investigates the relative effectiveness of nostalgic (vs. non-nostalgic) ads in a restaurant setting by examining two underexplored but practically relevant boundary conditions: consumption context and crowding. Two experimental studies show that nostalgic (vs. non-nostalgic) ads lead to higher levels of visit intention. Importantly, such an advantage arises (disappears) when consumers anticipate group (solo) consumption and when the environment has low (high) crowding. Moreover, we find that consumers’ sense of social connectedness is the psychological mechanism explaining the superiority of nostalgic (vs. non-nostalgic) ads. Implications for optimizing nostalgic advertising are discussed.
... This approach has also been used in personal-nostalgia scale construction. For example, Batcho's (1995) Nostalgia Inventory assesses the extent to which people bring to mind 20 nostalgic objects from their past (e.g. family, friends, TV shows, pets). ...
... 'Please rate the extent to which you feel nostalgic about each of the following aspects of your past' -e.g. 'my childhood toys', 'my pets'; Batcho, 1995; M = 4.51, SD = 1.09, α = 0.93). We deter-mined discriminant validity in three ways (Shaffer et al., 2016). ...
Organizational nostalgia – a sentimental longing for past events in, and aspects of, one's organizational life – is a commonly experienced but poorly understood emotion. Qualitative research has explored how it helps employees cope with threat. Here, we examine its motivational properties. Building on the job demands–resources model, we hypothesized that organizational nostalgia – assessed with a newly developed and validated scale – predicts (in‐role and extra‐role) job performance, creativity and support for organizational change. Study 1 showcased the development of the Organizational Nostalgia Scale. We proceeded to hypothesize that work engagement, via need satisfaction, mediates the above‐mentioned positive relations, and tested these hypotheses in three additional studies. In Study 2, a multi‐source design with leader–follower dyads, leader organizational nostalgia was associated with increased leader organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), as rated by followers. In Study 3, a lagged correlational design with employees, organizational nostalgia positively predicted OCB via work engagement. Finally, in Study 4, a lagged correlational design, organizational nostalgia predicted increased in‐role performance, creativity and support for organizational change. These associations were serially mediated by need satisfaction and work engagement. We conclude that organizational nostalgia has motivational implications. Our research affords a theoretical framework for the emotion and the means (i.e. a scale) to study it.
... To the best of our knowledge, to date, this understanding of nostalgia and melancholia has not been employed in research. Most scales focused only on specific aspects of nostalgia and melancholia, using one-dimensional measures (e.g., Barrett et al., 2010) or reflective indicators (e.g., Batcho, 1995). In this study, we hence adopt a novel theoretical and empirical approach in order to find out which affects and cognitions determine and, literally, form nostalgia and melancholia. ...
... Nostalgia Inventory. We collected the Nostalgia Inventory (Batcho, 1995), which assesses the degree to which individuals currently miss specific aspects from their past. It is supposed to measure personal as opposed to historical nostalgia. ...
Listening to music can cause experiences of nostalgia and melancholia. Although both concepts are theoretically related, to date they have not been analyzed together regarding their emotional and cognitive profiles. In this study, we identify their theoretical underpinnings and determine how they can be measured empirically. We analyze how listening to music causes nostalgia and melancholia, and whether both experiences are related to different behavioral intentions. To this end, we conducted an online experiment with 359 participants who listened to music they considered either nostalgic, melancholic, or neutral. Afterward, participants answered 122 questionnaire items related to nostalgia and melancholia. Using Structural Equation Modeling, and more specifically Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes Modeling, we first developed two new scales: the Formative Nostalgia Scale and the Formative Melancholia Scale. Both scales consist of five items each. Results showed that listening to music indeed increased nostalgia and melancholia. Although considerably different, the concepts are related. Listening to nostalgic music increases melancholia, whereas listening to melancholic music does not increase nostalgia. Also, both experiences are related to different behavioral intentions. Whereas experiencing nostalgia was associated with a stronger intention to share the music and to listen to it again, experiencing melancholia revealed the exact opposite relation.
... At the trait level, nostalgia refers to habitually rekindling fond memories, such as those involving one's childhood or close relationships (Batcho, 1995;Hepper et al., 2012Hepper et al., , 2014. These memories refer to personally meaningful and shared events (e.g., vacations, picnics, anniversaries, birth of a child, family gatherings). ...
... The SNS-albeit predominantly its 7-item version-is commonly used for measuring trait nostalgia and has shown high convergence with alternative measures of nostalgia as well as music-evoked and scent-evoked nostalgia (Wildschut & Sedikides, 2022c). Zhou et al. (2008) translated the 5-item version of SNS used in the current study into Chinese and documented its high internal consistency and convergence with the Chinese version of Batcho's (1995) Nostalgia Inventory. Using confirmatory factor analysis and tests of measurement invariance, we further validated the 5-item SNS for measuring trait nostalgia in Chinese samples. ...
Objective:
We were concerned with the relation between distress and nostalgia. At the state level, extensive research has established that momentary nostalgia is evoked by (experimentally manipulated) distress. However, at the trait level, the directionality of this relation is unclear. We conducted a longitudinal study to clarify the directional relation between these two constructs.
Method:
We surveyed first-year university students (N = 3,167) twice across six months. We assessed nostalgia, psychological distress (depression) and physical distress (somatization) at both timepoints. We also assessed Big Five personality at the first timepoint.
Results:
Initial distress prospectively predicted increased nostalgia, and initial nostalgia prospectively predicted reduced distress, six months later and independently of the Big Five.
Conclusions:
Habitual nostalgia follows rather than precedes naturalistically occurring distress, and serves to relieve it.
... For example, using the Southampton Nostalgia Scale (SNS) (Sedikides et al., 2015b), results showed that autistic and non-autistic participants valued and experienced nostalgia to a similar extent. However, using the Nostalgia Inventory (NI) (Batcho, 1995), results suggested that autistic people missed typical aspects (friends, school, holidays) from their past much less compared to non-autistic people. Due to the lack of work in this area, reasons for lower proneness to nostalgia are unknown. ...
Nostalgia is known to boost state wellbeing and authenticity for people in the general population. However, little research has explored nostalgia’s benefits outside of the general population. This study had two: (1) to explore music evoked nostalgia and its effects on mood, state wellbeing and authenticity in autistic individuals, a group of people who tend to experience reduced wellbeing, compared to non-autistic individuals and (2) to examine the influence of dispositional rumination and reflection on any benefits gained from nostalgic recollection. 146 autistic (69 diagnosed and 77 who self-identified as autistic) and 174 non-autistic people aged 18–25 took part in an online survey. Participants completed scales measuring autistic traits, rumination and reflection. They also reported their mood before, and their mood, state wellbeing and authenticity after a nostalgia manipulation, in which they either listened to and reflected on a nostalgic or a non-nostalgic song. Music evoked nostalgia (versus control) boosted state wellbeing and authenticity in autistic as well as non-autistic individuals. Results also indicated that people who were prone to reflection versus rumination were more likely to reap wellbeing benefits of engaging in nostalgia. This study is the first to show that music evoked nostalgia boosts state wellbeing and authenticity in autistic as well as in non-autistic individuals. Findings suggest that, depending on individual tendencies towards rumination and/or reflection, nostalgia could be viewed as a positive activity that autistic people could use to support wellbeing, aiding their day to day living in the non-autistic social world.
... Moreover, "home" is not restricted to specific locations; it also refers to childhood experiences, old friends, food, customs, traditions, and more (McCann, 1941). Recent studies by Batcho (1995) and Hepper et al. (2014) further illustrated that people may feel nostalgic about a wide array of things beyond just places. ...
Nostalgia is a common emotional phenomenon, but its complexity has resulted in a limited understanding and interpretation. This study, grounded in emotional cognitive science, develops a cognitive processing model of nostalgia, encompassing its triggering mechanism, cognitive processes, and effects. The analysis indicates that nostalgia functions as an adaptive mechanism for individuals with deficiencies in belongingness and low-avoidance tendencies, helping them cope with disruptions in self-continuity by forging symbolic social bonds in a distant and idealized timespace. Essentially, nostalgia allows individuals to reconstruct alternate systems of meaning and value, which serve as references for defining self-worth and identity. This study advances the understanding of the complex cognitive processing involved in nostalgia and also provides an important reference for the study of complex emotions.
... One mainly focuses on human feelings, thoughts and behaviours and is particularly interested in the way these are involved in our experience and expression of emotions (here: nostalgia). These approaches are commonly rooted in empirical research trying to observe, document or measure the nostalgic affliction of their subjects, e.g. with different criteria lists and nostalgia scales (Holbrook, 1993;Batcho, 1995;Routledge et al., 2008;Barrett et al., 2010;Newman & Sachs, 2021). This way of thinking about nostalgia has probably the longest-standing tradition, as it can be traced back all the way to the earliest medical discussions of nostalgia as a disease, but has later also been essential to psychiatric and psychological approaches, up to this day. ...
... Two measures were used to assess proneness to nostalgia (trait nostalgia). First, the Nostalgia Inventory (Batcho, 1995) (cohort α = 0.89), which asks participants to rate the extent to which they miss 20 aspects of their life (such as family, places and the way society was) from when they were younger. Second, the Southampton Nostalgia Scale (SNS) (cohort α = 0.91), which asks participants about how much they value nostalgia and how frequently they experience it. ...
Research in the general population has shown that nostalgia is associated with greater wellbeing through increased authenticity. It is well documented that autistic versus non-autistic individuals experience reduced wellbeing. This is the first study to explore nostalgia in autistic people and whether nostalgia might support the wellbeing of autistic people in the same way as non-autistic. This study had two aims: (i) to explore the autistic experience of nostalgia (proneness, triggers of nostalgia, related affect) and (ii) to examine the interrelationships at trait level between nostalgia, authenticity and wellbeing in autistic and non-autistic young adults. Participants (n = 230) completed an online questionnaire and reported about their nostalgic experiences, wellbeing, authenticity and autistic traits. Participants also wrote about either a nostalgic oran ordinary memory and rated how happy they felt after reflecting on the memory. With regards to the interrelationships at trait level within the whole cohort, nostalgia was not associated with increased authenticity or wellbeing. In contrast, authenticity was associated with increased wellbeing. However, nostalgia was not associated with greater wellbeing through increased authenticity. Differences in these interrelationships between autistic and non-autistic individuals are also discussed. The autistic experience of nostalgia was similar to the non-autistic, with the exception that autistic participants were less prone to nostalgia. At state level, findings also suggested that reflecting on nostalgic memories may boost positive affect in autistic as well as non-autistic individuals. This study may have implications for boosting wellbeing in autistic people.
... We define nostalgia as wistful affection or sentimental longing for momentous events, close others, or important objects from one's past (Batcho, 1995;Wildschut et al., 2006). When nostalgizing, individuals reflect on these key aspects of their past warmly, fondly, and tenderly, while often experiencing yearning for bygone times and a wish to return to them (Sedikides et al., 2015;Sedikides & Wildschut, 2016a). ...
Rituals are pervasive and beneficial. Little is known, however, about causes or antecedents of ritual engagement. We hypothesized that nostalgia—a sentimental longing for one’s past—promotes ritual engagement, which in turn augments meaning in life. We tested this hypothesis in five methodologically diverse studies. In Study 1 ( N = 311), nostalgia was positively associated with ritual engagement. In Study 2 ( N = 188), nostalgia promoted ritual engagement, and in Study 3 ( N = 296), it did so over engagement in a neutral task. In Study 4 ( N = 252), nostalgia predicted later ritual engagement but not vice versa, convergent with Studies 2 and 3. Furthermore, nostalgia prospectively predicted meaning in life through specific ritualistic behaviors during a traditional festival. Finally, in Study 5 ( N = 166), experimentally manipulated ritual engagement augmented meaning in life. As hypothesized, nostalgia advances ritual engagement, contributing to a meaningful life.
... Indeed, Spears and Amos (2012) suggested that the temporal orientation towards the past is not automatically opposed to the present and the future orientation. In the same perspective, Batcho (1995) argued that strongly nostalgic people evaluate the time when they were young more favorably than people who are weakly nostalgic. To a better understanding of the temporal orientation, Todorova (2010) said that young people associate nostalgia with a process of acceptance of the contemporary era. ...
Nostalgia is actually a concept with great interest for researchers in different domains such as marketing. Several studies underlined the potential that nostalgia has for persuasive advertising. Despite theoretical relevance, little is known about the real impact of nostalgic advertising style on brand attachment. This research investigates the impact of the ad capacity to evoke nostalgia on persuasion process and brand attachment in the food industry. To test the relationship between variables, an experiment including two different advertisement style was conducted on 360 individuals in Tunisia. We used structural equation modelling to test the conceptual model. The results indicated that nostalgic ad has some more favorable responses of consumers than the informative ad. Also, it appears that past orientation has a positive impact on nostalgia proneness that can explain the positive reaction of the individuals to the nostalgic ad and brand attachment. This research provides empirical insight into the brand attachment literature and can be considered as a source of information for managers who wish to target consumers through nostalgic persuasive communication. Limitations and future research directions are stipulated.
... The existing research has involved the causes and consequences of nostalgia, customer behavior, and brand research. In the study of antecedents, age [17] [18], gender [19], psychological patterns such as sensitivity to sensory stimulation [20] and time orientation [21] [22] are involved. The outcome variables can be analyzed from brand attachment [23], brand preference [24], and personal collection of brand items. ...
Under the backdrop of Chinese time-honored brands, this paper examines the impact and mechanism of customer brand memory (CBM) and customer nostalgia proneness (CNP) on customer-based brand equity (CBBE). It takes into account the customer’s perspective and utilizes polynomial regression and response surface analysis. The study focuses on three aspects: consistency condition, difference under consistency condition, and asymmetry under inconsistency condition. The results show that: (1) CBBE increases when CBM and CNP are congruent or at similar levels; (2) the combination of high levels of CBM and CNP is more favorable for CBBE than the combination of low levels of CBM and CNP when they are congruent or at similar levels; (3) the combination of high levels of CBM and low levels of CNP is more conducive to customer-based brand equity (CBBE) than the combination of low levels of CBM and high levels of CNP when they are incongruent or at different levels. This study comprehensively examines the role of the memory-nostalgia relationship in the development of brand equity for Chinese time-honored brand enterprises. It offers new research insights for future studies and provides recommendations for brand management in these traditional brand enterprises.
... Nostalgia was viewed a sort of psychological disorder often related to homesickness until the 20th century. Currently, nostalgia is viewed as a feeling or emotion, mostly associated with "longing for the past" (Batcho, 1995(Batcho, , 2013. This emotion is now viewed as a common one that is experienced by individuals across demographics (Boym, 2001;Zhou et al., 2008). ...
Purpose
The authors sought to examine how nostalgic feelings influenced purchase intentions of sport fans towards branded merchandise. Additionally, the goal was to test the childhood brand nostalgia (CBN) scale to see if it was an effective measure in this context. This was an important early step in understanding the way nostalgia may influence sport fan's merchandise preferences.
Design/methodology/approach
Surveys were completed by 601 fans of two professional sport teams in the USA. These consumers were targeted geographically through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and half given a modern branded t-shirt and the other half a retro branded t-shirt. To examine brand nostalgia in this context, the CBN measure was evaluated and examined to see its impact on each group, using hierarchical regressions.
Findings
The results demonstrated that CBN positively impacted consumers purchase intentions in the retro logoed t-shirt group. However, in the modern logoed t-shirt group, CBN did not significantly influence purchase intentions.
Practical implications
The findings of this study suggest that retro merchandise is working as expected, as it is attractive to those who feel nostalgic about their team. Secondarily, this study's findings suggest it may be vital for marketers to be conscious that their retro materials are connecting to the past.
Originality/value
This study was an early examination of a measure of nostalgia and its impact on purchase intentions in sport. The findings suggested that this CBN instrument may be appropriate in retro marketing research, especially regarding sport merchandise. Further, the findings suggest that nostalgic feelings may be influential toward retro merchandise, but not modern merchandise.
... Angesichts dieser von Hochschulseite wahrgenommenen negativen Trendentwicklung im Leistungsniveau in Mathematik stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit es empirische Evidenz für diese Einschätzung gibt oder ob diese Einschätzungen einer verzerrten Wahrnehmung entspringen. So kann beim Menschen die Trendwahrnehmung vom Phänomen der Nostalgie (Batcho 1995;Leboe und Ansons 2006) geprägt sein, welches zuweilen mit dem Bonmot "Nostalgia is like a grammar lesson: you find the present tense and the past perfect" charakterisiert wird. Beispielsweise zeigte sich, dass der Trend bezüglich globaler Themen wie Wohlstand, Gesundheit und Kriminalität von Menschen negativer eingeschätzt wird, als er in Wirklichkeit ist (Pinker 2018;Rosling et al. 2018). ...
Zusammenfassung:
Gemäß der Wahrnehmung insbesondere von Hochschullehrenden verringern sich die Fähigkeiten der Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten im Fach Mathematik seit Jahrzehnten beständig. Allerdings liegen bisher kaum empirische Untersuchungen zur Trendentwicklung der Mathematikleistungen in der gymnasialen Oberstufe vor. Um der Frage nachzugehen, ob sich die vermutete negative Trendentwicklung empirisch nachweisen lässt, wurden die Mathematikleistungen von Abiturienten und Abiturienten in Hessen und Schleswig-Holstein untersucht. Dazu wurde eine Sekundäranalyse der Daten aus der First International Mathematics Study (FIMS) von 1964 und der Third International Science and Mathematics Study (TIMSS) von 1996 vorgenommen. Dabei wurden die Daten aus FIMS und TIMSS mit Hilfe der Item-Response-Theorie neu skaliert und anhand der neun Trenditems über ein Mean-Mean-Linking verbunden. Anschließend wurden die Mathematikleistungen von 1964 und 1996 durch ein Equipercentile-Equating in die TIMSS-Metrik überführt und in das TIMSS-Kompetenzstufenmodell eingeordnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sich die Mathematikleistungen der Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten von 1964 und 1996 in den beiden Bundesländern Hessen und Schleswig-Holstein nicht signifikant unterschieden und sich die vermutete negative Trendentwicklung für diese beiden Bundesländer empirisch nicht belegen lässt.
... We relied on three sources. The first one was the Nostalgia Inventory (Batcho, 1995) on which participants rate the extent to which they feel nostalgic for 20 objects (e.g., "vacations I went on," "heroes/heroines," "past TV shows, movies"). We excluded stop words, refined the 20 object labels (e.g., by using "vacations" instead of "vacations I went on"), and expanded on them (e.g., we broke down "past TV shows, movies" into four separate words). ...
Nostalgia is a prevalent emotion that confers psychological benefits and influences consumer behavior. We developed and validated the 98‐word Nostalgia Dictionary to automatize the assessment of nostalgicity in narratives (e.g., customer reviews, social media). First, we created an initial wordlist by identifying the most frequently used words in nostalgia narratives and by relying on the nostalgia literature. Second, we finalized the dictionary by testing experimentally the expanded wordlist for its capacity to differentiate nostalgia from related emotions. Third, we validated the dictionary by demonstrating that it corresponds to self‐reports and coder‐ratings of nostalgia, produces result patterns expected by theory, and predicts favorability ratings of books and consumer experiences, even after adjusting for positive emotion words. We discuss the potential of the Nostalgia Dictionary to advance research and practice.
... Besides, the correlation coefficient between nostalgic proneness and purchase intention at the level of 0.01 is 0.504, and the coefficient of hypothesis 1 at the level of 0.001 is 0.835, indicating that nostalgic proneness has a positive impact on purchase intention. It's consistent with the former research that nostalgia creates a sense of authenticity, gives legitimacy to our lifestyle, and influences consumer behavior [1,15]. Finally, the coefficient of hypothesis 3 at the level of 0.05 is 0.424, compared to the relationship between nostalgic proneness and purchase intention, nostalgic proneness's effect on brand recognition is a bit lower. ...
As the economic environment and social culture change dramatically, nowadays there are numerous opportunities for the nostalgic brand in China to regain competitive advantages. Grounded on the affective, behavior, and cognition (ABC) model of attitude, this paper aims to clarify the relationship between customers nostalgic proneness, purchase intention, and brand cognition to explain the mechanism of nostalgic consumption. Taking the big white rabbit brand as an example, a structural equation model was used after the constructs were empirically confirmed by reliability and validity tests. Customers nostalgic proneness is found to be positively correlated with their brand cognition and the nostalgic brand is advised to fully exert its potential.
... Hofer's interpretation of nostalgia has been questioned due to his philosophical assumptions holding a strong case for medical nosology, which is applicable in psychiatry, but not entirely in psychology (Batcho, 2013;Illbruck, 2012). There was a shift in interest in nostalgia in psychology, where nostalgia was linked to depression due to being homesick (Batcho, 1995). Homesickness has often been examined in relation to nostalgia because it implies psychological distance and irretrievable loss (Sedikides et al., 2004). ...
For most of the past 300 years, the concept of nostalgia has been regarded as a medical condition. However, since the 1980s, it has become heavily associated with the ‘heritage industry’ and the creation of consumer experiences, especially in a tourism and leisure context. This special issue on nostalgia and tourism aims to encourage and advance the scholarly conversation about the relationship between nostalgia and contemporary heritage tourism. The collection of articles in this special issue provides theoretical, conceptual and empirical research on nostalgia and heritage tourism in different contexts. Hence, this editorial addresses the historical development of the term ‘nostalgia’ and examines the key themes in research on nostalgia and heritage tourism.
... Demographic characteristic of participantsThis study used a questionnaire that consisted of questions used and veri ed through previous studies. The questions for measuring the nostalgia of DFAP's were based on the scale developed by Batcho[43] and reused by Hyun & Jun[44] were modi ed and supplemented to match the purpose and subject of this research. The detailed measurement questions consisted of four items about SA, four items about ME, three items about SI. ...
Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of participants' nostalgia for the before COVID-19 DFA experience on their future participation continuation intention. To achieve this purpose, nostalgia, cognitive emotion regulation (CER), coping flexibility (CF), resilience, and participation continuance intention (PCI) were set as major variables and the structural influence relationship between them was explored.
Methods: A survey was con-ducted on 557 “dance for all” participants (DFAP’s) who joined public sports facilities, academies, and clubs in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province in South Korea. Data analysis was performed on Windows PC/SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 ver. frequency analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the survey results.
Results: First, all sub-factors of the nostalgia of DFAP’s has a statistically significant effect on CER. Second, CER of DFAP's has a statistically significant effect on CF. Third, CER of DFAP's does not have a statistically significant effect on resilience. Fourth, CF and resilience of DFAP's has a statistically significant effect on PCI.
Conclusions: Therefore, this study’s novelty is that it provides practical implications for the application of nostalgia as an alternative to satisfying the desire to participate in physical activities such as DFA during the “post COVID-19”era.
... The sensorial stimulus that produces a memory generates a cognitive process that stores a memory in multiple levels according to the time of stimulus perceived by individual. Despite multiple research backing up the universal effects of nostalgia, some researchers have found differences on how consumers are sensitive to nostalgic triggers and react to them according to their gender (Kim and Yim, 2018), age (Batcho, 1995;Gera, 2021) and nostalgic susceptivity (Kusumi et al., 2010). Nostalgia could be experienced individually or collectively influencing the behaviours of those who experience it (Wohl et al., 2020). ...
... It is worth highlighting the two primary approaches to studying nostalgia. Correlational studies typically focus on dispositional nostalgia measures such as the Southampton Nostalgia Scale (SNS; [22]) or Batcho Nostalgia Inventory (BNI; [23]). Although these studies capture patterns of naturally-occurring nostalgia, cross-sectional associations are ambiguous. ...
We review recent evidence of nostalgia’s ability to enhance and buffer different types of wellbeing. Nostalgia has been associated with increased hedonic wellbeing (e.g., life satisfaction, happiness) in various contexts. Nostalgia is triggered by and can mitigate against threats to hedonic wellbeing. Nostalgia also increases eudaimonic wellbeing (e.g., perceptions of vitality, environmental mastery, positive relationships) and mitigates threats to eudaimonic wellbeing through varying mechanisms. Two applications of these wellbeing benefits are being explored in recent research: nostalgia can help understand how people buffer negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic; and is being harnessed for wellbeing interventions. More experimental and longitudinal research is needed to establish and maximize the potential of nostalgia for bolstering resilience.
... Denna ansats kan på så vis också knytas till hur nostalgibegreppet använts i tidigare studier inom en rad olika humanistiska och samhällsvetenskapligt orienterade områden och discipliner för att hantera de värden som nostalgin riktar sig mot, men också för att uppmärksamma en rörelse från och till något (se exv. Batcho, 1995;Howard, 2012;Nadkarni & Shevchenko, 2004). Som sociologiskt redskap möjliggör begreppet analyser av hur känslor utgör en specifik form av meningsskapande kopplat till människans identitet och livets kontinuitet (se Wilson, 2015). ...
For Swedish folk high schools that traditionally value the interpersonal meeting, restrictions invoked during the Covid-19 pandemic actualizes interesting tensions between practical dimensions of the transition to online and distance education on the one hand, and its educational implications on the other. The aim of this article is therefore to analyze rhetorical dimensions of the perceived uniqueness of Swedish folk high school in relation to folk high school teachers’ educational experiences during the pandemic. The empirical material derives from an online survey and subsequent focus group interviews with folk high school teachers. The concept of nostalgia constitutes the analytical lens and results are presented in the following themes; The journey as metaphor and meaning-making practice, A pedagogy for life and A (folk high school) historical meeting. Together these themes indicate that although the pandemic gave rise to educational unclarities during a new temporary reality, this unclarity surrounded both understandings of the past, as well as perceptions of the present.
Nostalji literatürü yaygın olarak, radikal değişim dönemlerinde, daha sabit, sakin ve mutlu algılanan bir geçmiş imgesine yönelik özlemin, yani kolektif nostaljinin arttığını varsayar. Türkiye’nin özellikle son on yılda bu tarz bir kökten dönüşüm geçirdiği ileri sürülebilir. Bu süreç, “Eski-Yeni Türkiye” karşıtlığında vücut bulan, kutuplaşmayı artırıcı, politik bir söyleme de dönüşmüştür. Eski Türkiye’yi “altın çağ” olarak görenler için bu dönemin popüler kültürü, iyileştirici, bugünden kaçışı sağlayan bir işlev edinmektedir. Şüphesiz bu durum, nostaljinin bir “duygu” olarak sadece olumlu olana yönelmesiyle ilgilidir. Bu çalışma, “Eski-Yeni Türkiye” gerilimini, “yitirilmiş rejim nostaljisi” kavramı bağlamında, Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdayss) adlı Instagram hesabı üzerinden okumayı hedeflemektedir. Paylaşımlar incelendiğinde, yitirilmiş rejim nostaljisi (geçmişi yüceltme), geçmiş ile bugünü kıyaslama, iç-şarkiyatçılık ve bastırılmış hıncı dolayımlama temalarının baskın olduğu görülmektedir.
This study explored how homeland tourists (those who visit their origin home/homeland for vacations) construct nostalgic experiences in virtual tourism spaces. Based on traditional-village digital museum (TVDM) tourism, we adopted a phenomenological approach to investigate the ways homeland tourists evoke and experience nostalgia in digital environments. The results indicated that the digital-induced nostalgic experiencescape of TVDM strengthened tourists' sense of nostalgia through embodied interaction with virtual reality. This experience, moreover, caused tourists to perceive unique benefits, and it stimulated their ritualized nostalgic behavior. This study's findings improve our understanding of nostalgia-based virtual spaces and stimulate innovation of digital-induced nostalgia businesses.
The article explores the interplay of nostalgia, scapegoating, and alterity politics within the context of China–Zimbabwe relations. Grounded in postcolonial critique, constructivism, and psychology, the paper grapples with how identities, historical narratives, memory, and the legacy of colonialism shape state behavior and policymaking. Therefore, this study interrogates the contradictions, continuities, and discontinuities surrounding the ideological frameworks, histories, and power structures as they impact Zimbabwe’s postcolonial policy praxis and maneuvers with China. Pursuant, I foreground the agency of domestic political dynamics in shaping the nature, impact, success, or failure thereof, of China–Zimbabwe relations. Overarchingly, the study brings nuance to the broader salience of identity politics in shaping the Global South relations with emerging powers either as a source of leverage or hindrance.
Employees’ daily routines (e.g., commutes, lunch breaks, conversations with coworkers or family members) are vital rituals that create order and meaning. However, employees frequently experience changes to how their work and nonwork lives operate, which can generate discontinuity and spark nostalgia—a sentimental longing for the past. In this study, we draw from theory on the dual nature of emotional ambivalence and the literature on emotion regulation to explore countervailing effects of daily nostalgia on employee performance. In a sample of employed adults recruited from a northeastern U.S. university’s alumni database and LinkedIn ( n = 109), we used an experience sampling method to capture within-individual variation in nostalgia over 3 weeks. Results of multilevel path analysis showed, on one hand, nostalgia was positively associated with employees’ cognitive change strategies (e.g., reappraising one’s situation), which translated into heightened organizational citizenship behaviors; on the other hand, nostalgia was also positively associated with employees’ attentional deployment strategies (e.g., distraction), which reduced daily task performance and increased daily counterproductive work behaviors. Unexpectedly, results showed higher trait-level future temporal focus exacerbated the positive effect of nostalgia on attentional deployment. Our results suggest nostalgia embodies a complex mix of emotions that impact individuals’ response strategies and, ultimately, performance.
O presente artigo aborda o fenômeno do consumo nostálgico de remakes cinematográficos, analisando como são percebidas obras originadas nos anos 1980 até a década de 2000 que foram recriadas e distribuídas por grandes estúdios, obtendo sucesso financeiro. A pesquisa realizada utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando a técnica projetiva, e quantitativa, por meio de questionário, revelando que o público consome remakes movido pelo prazer emocional e pela busca de reviver memórias do passado. O aspecto nostálgico é ambíguo, podendo evocar tanto memórias positivas quanto negativas. Os consumidores desejam fidelidade às obras originais, mas também valorizam a inovação tecnológica nas novas versões. Contudo, a exploração comercial da nostalgia pode levar à saturação do mercado de remakes, sendo necessária uma abordagem responsável e artística na produção cinematográfica. O estudo contribui para compreender o impacto desse consumo nostálgico e destaca a importância de equilibrar originalidade e inovação tecnológica na realização dessas obras.
The study examines the long-term dynamics of the relationship between nostalgia and health using a population-based longitudinal sample in the Netherlands ( N = 958). We identified five types of nostalgia— Home, Peers and shared experiences, Emotional security, Innocence, and Leisure and media—and explored their relationships with health using network analyses. We found bidirectional relationships between nostalgia and health over a 1-year interval. Self-rated health and mental health negatively predicted nostalgia centered on Peers and shared experiences, Emotional security, and Innocence. Nostalgia, especially Emotional security and Innocence, negatively predicted self-rated health and mental health. The effects were further moderated by age. Cross-lagged relationships from nostalgia to health were found in younger but not older adults, while relationships from health to nostalgia were found primarily among older adults. In sum, we demonstrate the importance of considering age and type of nostalgia when exploring long-term relationships between nostalgia and health.
Nostalgia is a social, self-relevant, and bittersweet (although mostly positive) emotion that arises when reflecting on fond past memories and serves key psychological functions. The majority of evidence concerning the prevalence, triggers, and functions of nostalgia has been amassed in samples from a handful of largely Western cultures. If nostalgia is a fundamental psychological resource, it should perform similar functions across cultures, although its operational dynamics may be shaped by culture. This study (N = 2,606) examined dispositional nostalgia, self-reported triggers of nostalgia, and functions of experimentally induced nostalgia in young adults across 28 countries and a special administrative region of China (i.e., Hong Kong). Results indicated that nostalgia is frequently experienced across cultures, albeit better valued in more-developed countries (i.e., higher national wealth and life-expectancy). Nostalgia is triggered by psychological threats (especially in warmer countries), sensory stimuli (especially in more-developed countries), and social gatherings (especially in less-developed countries). The positive or negative affect prompted by experimentally induced nostalgia varied by country, but was mild overall. More importantly, recalling a nostalgic (vs. ordinary) memory increased social connectedness, self-continuity, and meaning in life across cultures. In less-developed countries, recalling an ordinary memory also conferred some of these functions, reducing the effect size of nostalgia. Finally, recalling a nostalgic (vs. ordinary) memory augmented state satisfaction with life in countries with lower quality of living (i.e., lower life-expectancy and life-satisfaction). Overall, findings confirm the relevance of nostalgia across a wide range of cultures and indicate cultural nuances in its functioning.
Nostalgia, a sentimental longing for the past, increases well-being, especially in response to psychological imbalance (e.g., negative affect, loneliness). Recent work has examined how nostalgia for times shared with a romantic partner (i.e., relationship nostalgia) also has positive effects. The two present studies, both conducted with Amazon Mechanical Turk samples, explored whether relationship nostalgia buffers the negative effect of partner conflict on relationship commitment. In Study 1 (N = 137), results of a moderated regression analysis showed that the negative link between conflict and commitment was offset by participants’ higher relationship nostalgia proneness. Study 2 (N = 769) built on these correlational findings with an experimental design. Specifically, for participants randomly assigned to a relationship nostalgia writing condition, the negative link between conflict and commitment was weaker than it was for participants who wrote about a positive or ordinary past event. These studies demonstrate the potential for relationship nostalgia to maintain commitment in response to the threat of partner conflict.
Recent research suggests that emotions are a central motivation for radical right voting. One emotion that has gained particular interest is nostalgia: Radical right politicians use nostalgic rhetoric, and feeling nostalgic is associated with radical right support. However, while nostalgia is widely and frequently experienced, previous work differentiates personal contents of nostalgia (e.g., childhood) from group-based contents (e.g., traditions) and suggests that only the latter is related to the radical right. But why does nostalgia, and specifically its group-based content, matter? In the present paper, I argue that nostalgia evokes implicit comparisons between the past and the present. Using relative deprivation theory, I posit that group-based nostalgia makes people subjectively evaluate society's present as worse than its past. In turn, this temporal group-based relative deprivation is associated with attempts to restore the past through radical right voting. Personal nostalgia, instead, does not evoke equivalent experiences of personal relative deprivation and is, therefore, unrelated to radical right support. In preregistered analyses of representative panel data from the Netherlands, I show that group-based nostalgia is more consistently related to radical right support than personal nostalgia. In subsequent exploratory analyses, I test the relative deprivation argument and find that group-based relative deprivation does indeed mediate the relationship between group-based nostalgia and radical right voting: People who long for the group-based past are more likely to feel dissatisfied with the government and, in turn, consider voting for the radical right. In studying this mechanism, I connect recent work on emotional and relative deprivation explanations to radical right voting. © 2023 The Authors. European Journal of Political Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Consortium for Political Research.
Sexual satisfaction contributes significantly to one's quality of life and offers a variety of mental and physical health benefits. Consequently, numerous studies have examined ways to improve sexual satisfaction. However, no research has investigated how sexual nostalgia (i.e., "the sentimental longing for or wistful reflection on past sexual memories," p. 1539) with one's current partner impacts sexual satisfaction. Thus, this program of research was designed to develop the Sexual Nostalgia Inventory, assess the relationship between sexual nostalgia and sexual satisfaction, and to examine the moderating role of romantic attachment. The results of Study One (N = 227) indicated that the content of sexual memories can be conceptualized into one factor. The results from Study Two (N = 619) revealed that sexual nostalgia was positively related to sexual satisfaction and that romantic attachment moderated these relationships. In particular, the positive association between sexual nostalgia and satisfaction was greatest for those insecurely attached (i.e., those high in anxious and avoidant attachment). These findings have important implications for researchers looking to establish the causal link between nostalgia and satisfaction and clinicians working with couples experiencing low sexual desire and/or unmet sexual needs.
We examined the change and stability of nostalgia in emerging adulthood. We followed 327 students through their 4 university years with six assessments. Nostalgia demonstrated moderate rank stability (r = .25-.79). A Trait-State-Occasion model analysis indicated that the stable trait component, slowing-change trait component, and state component explained 37% to 43%, 10% to 27%, and 29% to 49% of variation in nostalgia on specific occasions, respectively. Longitudinal multilevel analysis revealed that the mean nostalgia level declined across university years. Greater intensity of negative life events at the start of university was associated with higher initial nostalgia and slower decline of it, while the emotion intensified when experiencing more negative life events. Nostalgia in emerging adulthood displays moderate stability, with negative life events contributing to the shape of its trajectory.
This edited book is a collection of selected research papers presented at the 2022 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education Technology (AIET 2022), held in Wuhan, China, on July 1–3, 2022. AIET establishes a platform for AI in education researchers to present research, exchange innovative ideas, propose new models, as well as demonstrate advanced methodologies and novel systems.
The book is divided into five main sections – 1) AI in Education in the Post-COVID New Norm, 2) Emerging AI Technologies, Methods, Systems and Infrastructure, 3) Innovative Practices of Teaching and Assessment Driven by AI and Education Technologies, 4) Curriculum, Teacher Professional Development and Policy for AI in Education, and 5) Issues and Discussions on AI In Education and Future Development. Through these sections, the book provides a comprehensive picture of the current status, emerging trends, innovations, theory, applications, challenges and opportunities of current AI in education research.
This timely publication is well aligned with UNESCO’s Beijing Consensus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Education. It is committed to exploring how AI may play a role in bringing more innovative practices, transforming education in the post-pandemic new norm and triggering an exponential leap toward the achievement of the Education 2030 Agenda. Providing broad coverage of recent technology-driven advances and addressing a number of learning-centric themes, the book is an informative and useful resource for researchers, practitioners, education leaders and policy-makers who are involved or interested in AI and education.
Objective: In order to explore the multiple chain mediating effects of positive affect and self-esteem between nostalgia and life satisfaction in college students. Methods: 477 college students were investigated with Southampton Nostalgia Scale, Positive Affect Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale. Results: ① Nostalgia was significantly and positively correlated with positive emotion (r = 0.12, p < 0.01) and life satisfaction (r = 0.13, p < 0.01), also, significant positive correlations exists among other key variables. ② Structural equation models showed that, nostalgia could exert effects on life satisfaction (β = 0.14, P < 0.05), and also indirectly through the independent mediating effect of positive affect, the chain mediating effect of positive affect and self-esteem (β = 0.10, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Nostalgia could affect life satisfaction, not only through direct path, but also through the indirect path of multiple mediating effects of positive affect and self-esteem.
Faced with the challenge of online teaching-learning, university teachers continued with the responsibility of developing their learning sessions, innovating teaching material and methodology during this process, changing the way of generating learning in health sciences students, through the application of videos, summary readings and practices carried out with family members who acted as patients, in order to achieve the planned competition. The importance of letting students know their achievements in relation to what is evaluated, helps them to understand their way of learning, assess their learning result and self-regulate. This is how feedback motivates the student to rethink their learning strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feedback on the online learning outcome of health sciences university students, in a non-experimental research, descriptive-correlational level, with a sample of 294 students. The results obtained showed that feedback in university students of Health Sciences in virtual environments is effective when applied in a timely manner and can be planned, based on the evidence of the learning outcome. To achieve this, they must be previously trained, from the first semesters of study, in feedback literacy, making it part of the self-regulation of their learning.
As the cliché has it, nostalgia ain’t what it used to be. Except this cliché is true: nostalgia hasn’t always been the relatively benign, comforting longing for a lost time which we know today; it used to be a dangerous disease, a deadly form of homesickness. This article traces the surprising history of nostalgia from its origins in the late Seventeenth Century to the present. It both sketches the different ways in which nostalgia has been experienced over the past three centuries, and reviews existing literature that has sought to grasp this protean emotion across the disciplines. As the article shows, contrary to our presentist common sense, when it comes to our affective lives, history matters.
Nostalgic memories can be pleasant, albeit bittersweet, and have been found beneficial for well-being. This study demonstrated that for individuals who habitually worry, nostalgia may not be such a nourishing experience. Nostalgia was experimentally induced using a visual imagery task and resulted in positive affect. Although this was also the case for participants who habitually worry, these individuals subsequently showed more signs of anxiety and depression than habitual worriers in a control condition. The findings fit within a control theoretical perspective; as habitual worriers’ actual chronic state of anxiety contrasts with nostalgic memories of a carefree past, this may instigate further rumination leading to distress. A more present-oriented time perspective, such as mindfulness, is discussed as being beneficial for habitual worriers.
Nostalgia is defined as the remembrance of prior experiences that are self-relevant, involve close others, and carry a predominantly positive affective tone (Wildschut et al. in J Pers Soc Psychol 91:975–993, 2006).
Given nostalgia’s palliative function for coping with negative affect and self-threats (Sedikides et al. in Curr Dir Psychol Sci 17:304–307, 2008), the present research explores a psychological construct related to greater experience of nostalgia: regulatory mode. According to regulatory mode theory (Kruglanski et al. in J Pers Soc Psychol 79:793–815, 2000; Higgins et al. in Adv exp soc psychol 35:293–344, 2003), assessment is the aspect of self-regulation focused on evaluation, whereas locomotion is focused on goal progress. We hypothesized that emphasis of the assessment mode on evaluation would promote nostalgia, while emphasis of the locomotion mode on progress would prevent it. These predictions were corroborated in two studies that assessed regulatory modes as individual difference factors (Study 1) and induced them experimentally (Study 2). Implications of these findings for the self regulation process are considered.
a b s t r a c t Three studies tested and supported the proposition that nostalgia buffers existential threat. All studies measured nostalgia proneness and manipulated death awareness (mortality salience; MS). In Study 1, at low, but not high, levels of nostalgia proneness, participants in the MS condition responded less pos-itively to an identity threat than participants in the control condition. In Study 2, at low, but not high, levels of nostalgia proneness, participants in the MS condition evidenced greater levels of death anxiety than participants in the control condition. In Study 3, at high, but not low, levels of nostalgia proneness, participants in the MS condition indicated greater feelings of state nostalgia than participants in the con-trol condition.
According to terror management theory, people turn to meaning-providing structures to cope with the knowledge of inevitable mortality. Recent theory and research suggest that nostalgia is a meaning-providing resource and thus may serve such an existential function. The current research tests and supports this idea. In Experiments 1 and 2, nostalgia proneness was measured and mortality salience manipulated. In Experiment 1, when mortality was salient, the more prone to nostalgia participants were, the more they perceived life to be meaningful. In Experiment 2, when mortality was salient, the more prone to nostalgia participants were, the less death thoughts were accessible. In Experiment 3, nostalgia and mortality salience were manipulated. It was found that nostalgia buffered the effects of mortality salience on death-thought accessibility.
The purposes of this study were to (1) examine the triggers of patrons’ nostalgia and (2) examine how the nostalgia triggers induce patrons’ emotional responses, thus influencing revisit intentions. Based on a literature review, 20 triggers that induce nostalgia were derived. The empirical data utilized in this study was collected from 438 luxury restaurant patrons who had visited a luxury restaurant more than 60 days prior to responding to the survey. The initial responses were then examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The EFA results indicated that patrons’ nostalgia is induced by four factors: ‘food’, ‘event’, ‘environment’, and ‘staff’. Subsequent data analysis revealed that all four triggers of personal nostalgia bear a significant impact on inducing patrons’ pleasurable responses. Moreover, it was revealed that hiatus plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between nostalgia and patron's pleasurable responses. In other words, as time elapses following a restaurant visit, nostalgia triggers leads to higher levels of pleasurable responses regarding their experiences in the restaurant. Finally, such pleasurable responses lead to revisit intentions. Based on these findings, possible interpretations and managerial implications are suggested in the latter part of the study.
The relationship between nostalgia and coping during difficult times was explored in 2 empirical studies. In the first, 80 undergraduates, 60 women and 20 men, completed the Nostalgia Inventory, a measure of nostalgia proneness, the COPE Inventory, a dispositional measure of strategies for coping with stressful events, and the Childhood Survey, a survey of impressions of childhood experiences. Nostalgia proneness correlated with use of adaptive coping, including emotional social support, expressing emotions, turning to religion, and suppressing competing activities, and did not correlate with escapist or avoidance strategies, including denial, behavioral disengagement, and substance abuse. Nostalgia proneness was related positively to favorable emotional and behavioral childhood experiences and did not correlate with adverse experiences. Favorable impressions of childhood correlated positively with adaptive coping strategies and inversely with dysfunctional ones, whereas unfavorable childhood experiences correlated positively with dysfunctional coping. Regression analyses suggested that the relationship between nostalgia proneness and certain coping strategies may be mediated in part by childhood experiences. In a second study, 100 undergraduates, 86 women and 14 men, completed the Nostalgia Inventory, recalled autobiographical memories that illustrated how childhood is either special or similar to their present life, and rated their likely use of strategies in dealing with 2 hypothetical problems. Nostalgia proneness correlated with emotional and instrumental social coping and with the goal-directed strategies of planning, taking action, and positive reframing. Further research is recommended to explore the role of childhood memories in coping and to identify mechanisms that mediate the relationship between nostalgia and coping.
This research conducts five studies and uses 1185 respondents to develop and validate a six-item, seven-point Likert scale capable of measuring a personal nostalgia response to an advertisement. Traditional forms of scale development and a variety of experimental conditions are undertaken to develop and validate the scale. Statistical techniques include t-tests, correlation, regression, confirmatory factor analysis and a multitrait–multimethod matrix. This research fulfils a significant gap in the current knowledge as the current scales neither distinguish between the distinct types of nostalgia nor measure personal nostalgia as a response to advertising independently of other reactions. This is despite personal nostalgia being considered as a distinct form of nostalgia with a suggested differing influence on a number of important consumer behaviour responses. The scale has implications for researchers undertaking future studies exploring personal nostalgia's influence on consumer behaviour reactions. Nostalgia is also a commonly used and has effective advertising appeal, and this research provides practitioners with a parsimonious instrument to measure the level of personal nostalgia experienced as a result of advertising exposure. This assists in ensuring accuracy when predicting consumer reactions.
This study examined the content of adults' stereotypes about sex differences in both the experience and the expression of emotions and investigated how these beliefs vary with the age of the target person. Four hundred college students (200 men and 200 women) judged the frequency with which they believed males or females in one of five age groups (infants, preschoolers, elementary schoolers, adolescents, and adults) typically feel and express 25 different emotions. It was found that adults' gender-emotion stereotypes held for both basic and nonbasic emotions and appear to be based on a deficit model of male emotional expressiveness (i.e., a belief that males do not express the emotions they feel). Moreover, these beliefs about sex differences in emotionality refer primarily to adolescents and adults. It was concluded that gender-emotion stereotypes are complex and that there may be an age-of-target bias in the evaluation of others' emotions.
a b s t r a c t Two functions of nostalgia are consistently documented in the literature: self-positivity and social con-nectedness. These reflect agency and communion, respectively. Such dimensions are polarized no more than in narcissists, who are high in agency and low in communion. In three studies we tested whether high and low narcissists differ in the content of nostalgic recollections, whether they become nostalgic about different objects, and whether nostalgia serves different functions for them. High (versus low) nar-cissists made more agentic references in their narratives and manifested nostalgic proclivity toward agentic objects. Furthermore, nostalgia served a self-positivity function, but not a social connectedness function, for high (versus low) narcissists. Findings highlight the relevance of personality—narcissism, in particular—for the experience of nostalgia.
Tested a hypothesis based on F. Davis's (1979) argument that nostalgia helps individuals construct identity continuity. Davis predicted that people whose lives feature discontinuity will be more likely to become nostalgic—in particular, that males will be more nostalgic than females. The present study developed analogous hypotheses for race and geographic and occupational mobility and tested them through a secondary analysis of 4 national sample surveys: The National Senior Citizens Survey (1968), a National Council on Aging study (1974), a mental health survey (1976), and the General Social Survey (1980). Results do not support the discontinuity hypothesis. Nonwhites were more nostalgic than Whites, but otherwise discontinuity did not have the predicted effects. It is concluded that while analysis of survey results cannot provide a conclusive test of Davis's hypothesis, it calls the argument into question. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Personal nostalgia provides an emotionally engaging means for bonding a donor to a nonprofit organization. Yet, little is known about the relationship between personal nostalgia and charitable giving; this research seeks to fill this gap. A review of the extant literature is integrated with the findings from thirteen focus groups (Study 1) to develop a conceptual model. This model is tested in Studies 2 (using 457 older public television donors) and 3 (with a broader sample of 502 donors) using structural equations modeling. The findings indicate that discontinuity, recovery from grief, and loneliness, along with previous life experiences influence the level of personal nostalgia felt by a donor and associated with a charitable organization. This personal nostalgia provides emotional and familial utility to the donor. The research establishes that the effect of personal nostalgia on the donor's commitment is mediated by the emotional and familial utility that the nostalgia generates.
This research examines the differences in emotional responses of 806 respondents experiencing Personal or Historical Nostalgic reactions to advertising appeals using an experimental research design. Five emotions common to both conditions are revealed and significant changes in intensity of these emotions are examined. As hypothesized, Upbeat / Elation, Loss / Regret, and Warm / Tender related emotions are significantly more intense under the Personal Nostalgic condition compared to the Historical. However, Negative / Irritation and Serenity / Calm related emotions did not significantly alter. This research highlights the need to treat Nostalgia as two separate appeals and provides insight useful to practitioners about consumer’s reactions to each specific appeal. It also suggests the need for future research into Personal and Historical Nostalgia’s effect on various other consumer behavior responses.
Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in nostalgia and consumption experiences on the part of a small group of consumer researchers. This article offers an insight into the nostalgic experiences gained through consuming history at a contemporary British living museum. The findings of the research focus on two types of nostalgic behavior, which are identified as existential and aesthetic. Differences in the nostalgic reaction are conceptualized in relation to such factors as the quantity and quality of the individual's role repertoire, the experience of alienation in the present, and the extent and quality of social contact. The article aims to offer a perspective that draws upon both existing work in related fields and the findings of the research in order to contextualize nostalgia as an experiential factor behind the consumption of recreated history in the living interactive museum. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
For holidays and toys, the decline began after the 18-to 21-year age period, REFERENCES American heritage dictionary The index of leading cultural indicators Nostalgia and discontinuity: a test of the Davis hypothesis
- Simon
- Schuster
- J Best
- E E Nelson
Nostalgia for pets, toys, and holidays declined with increasing age. For holidays and toys, the decline began after the 18-to 21-year age period, REFERENCES American heritage dictionary. (1972) New York: Dell. BENNETT, W. J. (1994) The index of leading cultural indicators. New York: Simon & Schuster. BEST, J., & NELSON, E. E. (1985) Nostalgia and discontinuity: a test of the Davis hypothesis. Sociology and Social Research, 69, 221-233.
Yearning for yesterday: a sociology o/ nostalgia BMDP statistical so/tware manual 4M factor analy-sis
- F Davis
DAVIS, F. (1979) Yearning for yesterday: a sociology o/ nostalgia. New York: Free Press. DLXON, W. J. (Ed.) (1992) BMDP statistical so/tware manual. Vol. 1 (Release 7). 4M factor analy-sis. Los Angeles, CA: Univer. of California Press.
13th generation: abort, retry, ignore, fail? New York: Vintage Books. ROOF, W. C. (1993) A generation of seekers
- N Howe
- B Strauss
HOWE, N., & STRAUSS, B. (1993) 13th generation: abort, retry, ignore, fail? New York: Vintage Books. ROOF, W. C. (1993) A generation of seekers. San Francisco, CA: Harper. STMUSS, W., & HOW, N. (1991) Generations. New York: Quill, William Morrow. The Merriam-Webster dictionary. (1974) New York: Pocket Books. Accepted December 14, 1994
13th generation: abort, retry, ignore, fail? New York: Vintage Books. ROOF, W. C. (1993) A generation of seekers The Merriam-Webster dictionary
- N Howe
- B Strauss
- Harper
- W Stmuss
- N How
- William Quill
- Morrow
HOWE, N., & STRAUSS, B. (1993) 13th generation: abort, retry, ignore, fail? New York: Vintage Books. ROOF, W. C. (1993) A generation of seekers. San Francisco, CA: Harper. STMUSS, W., & HOW, N. (1991) Generations. New York: Quill, William Morrow. The Merriam-Webster dictionary. (1974) New York: Pocket Books. Accepted December 14, 1994 This article has been cited by:
A blast from the past: The terror management function of nostalgia Romancing the past: Heritage visiting and the nostalgic consumer
- Clay Routledge
- Jamie Arndt
- Constantine Sedikides
- Tim Wildschut
Clay Routledge, Jamie Arndt, Constantine Sedikides, Tim Wildschut. 2008. A blast from the past: The terror management function of nostalgia. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44:1, 132-140. [CrossRef] 11. Christina Goulding. 2001. Romancing the past: Heritage visiting and the nostalgic consumer. Psychology and Marketing 18:6, 565-592. [CrossRef]
13th generation: abort, retry, ignore, fail?
- N Strauss
HOWE, N., & STRAUSS, B. (1993) 13th generation: abort, retry, ignore, fail? New York: Vintage
Books.
- W How
STMUSS, W., & HOW, N. (1991) Generations. New York: Quill, William Morrow.
generation: abort, retry, ignore, fail
- N Howe
- B Strauss
HOWE, N., & STRAUSS, B. (1993) 13th generation: abort, retry, ignore, fail? New York: Vintage
Books.
- W Stmuss
- N How
STMUSS, W., & HOW, N. (1991) Generations. New York: Quill, William Morrow.
The Merriam-Webster dictionary. (1974) New York: Pocket Books.
BMDP statistical so/tware manual
- W J Dlxon
DLXON, W. J. (Ed.) (1992) BMDP statistical so/tware manual. Vol. 1 (Release 7). 4M factor analysis. Los Angeles, CA: Univer. of California Press.
A generation of seekers
- W C Roof
ROOF, W. C. (1993) A generation of seekers. San Francisco, CA: Harper.