No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Operationalization of a Nursing Model for Psychiatric Nursing Research
Abstract
Theoretical substruction provides a framework for deriving and operationalizing study variables related to abstract constructs identified in nursing theories. Moreover, substruction demonstrates the suitability of nursing models for empirical investigation and clinical application. In this paper, theoretical substruction is used to illustrate the significance of Schlotfeldt's health-seeking model for nursing research and practice. From Schlotfeldt's model, study variables are derived and the theoretical-empirical consistency of an exemplary research design examining hypothesized relationships among study variables is described. The research design, grounded in explicit nursing theory, illustrates the investigation of phenomena of concern to the nursing discipline and promises results that will contribute to nursing knowledge development.
... Substrução teórica (59)(60) . T25 ...
Objectives
to map the nursing theories developed in stricto sensu graduate programs in nursing in Brazil.
Methods
a bibliometric study, carried out on the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Theses and Dissertations Portal in October 2023. The controlled descriptors “Nursing Theory” and “Nursing Models” and the uncontrolled descriptors “Theories” and “Middle-Range Theory” were used. Selected studies were cataloged for analysis, which was conducted by the study authors, who have a doctoral degree and expertise in research on nursing theories.
Results
thirty-nine nursing theories were mapped, with a predominance of middle-range theories (79.5%), focusing on nursing diagnostic concepts and use of the theoretical-methodology strategy of theoretical-causal validity.
Conclusions
the study identified nursing theories developed in Brazil, recognizing trends, development strategies, theorized objects of disciplinary interest and investments necessary for practical application in Brazilian contexts.
Descriptors:
Nursing Theory; Nursing Models; Health Postgraduate Programs; Nursing Research; Bibliometrics
... Theoretical substruction (59)(60) . T25 ...
Objectives
to map the nursing theories developed in stricto sensu graduate programs in nursing in Brazil.
Methods
a bibliometric study, carried out on the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Theses and Dissertations Portal in October 2023. The controlled descriptors “Nursing Theory” and “Nursing Models” and the uncontrolled descriptors “Theories” and “Middle-Range Theory” were used. Selected studies were cataloged for analysis, which was conducted by the study authors, who have a doctoral degree and expertise in research on nursing theories.
Results
thirty-nine nursing theories were mapped, with a predominance of middle-range theories (79.5%), focusing on nursing diagnostic concepts and use of the theoretical-methodology strategy of theoretical-causal validity.
Conclusions
the study identified nursing theories developed in Brazil, recognizing trends, development strategies, theorized objects of disciplinary interest and investments necessary for practical application in Brazilian contexts.
Descriptors:
Nursing Theory; Nursing Models; Health Postgraduate Programs; Nursing Research; Bibliometrics
... Bekhet and Zauszniewski [49] emphasize that the structure of self-control behavior encompasses learned resourcefulness. According to Zauszniewski, [50] learned resourcefulness is acquired through interaction with others and manifests as the ability to manage daily activities independently. Weigl et al. [51] states that control at work, positive relationships at work, and active coping behaviors trigger positive developments that have positive effects on people's work environment and their interpersonal relationships as well as enhance devotion to work. ...
... Los pasos uno y dos identifican el sistema teórico y los pasos tres y cuatro, corresponden al sistema operativo. En enfermería, este proceso ha permitido que las propuestas de investigación culminen con un diseño de estudio basado en la teoría y las mediciones de los resultados (Bekhet, 2008;Wolf & Heinzer, 1999;Zauszniewski, 1995). ...
En México, la población indígena supera los siete millones de habitantes, en Puebla el grupo más representativo es el Náhuatl. Sin embargo, las condiciones de vida, salud, educación y transporte son precarias para esta población. En los adolescentes, las responsabilidades como el matrimonio, la familia y los compromisos ante la comunidad, favorecen conductas de riesgo sexual que dificultan su desarrollo económico, social y reproductivo. El objetivo fue proponer un modelo explicativo del uso del condón en adolescentes nahuas. Método. Bajo el marco de la teoría social cognitiva, el concepto de valores culturales de Leininger y el proceso de la sustracción teórica, se desarrolló este artículo. Se muestran las relaciones del modelo con las proposiciones y los factores que influyen en el uso del condón para este grupo específico. Finalmente, el modelo explica las variables de interés, los niveles de abstracción y las relaciones entre sí en el contexto náhuatl. El siguiente paso será implementar los indicadores empíricos para conocer el grado de influencia de los factores personales y ambientales hacia el uso del condón en adolescentes nahuas. Resultados que aportarán información para el desarrollo del conocimiento en enfermería y la reducción de riesgo sexual de esta población.
Introduction:
The mechanism of internet game addiction is unclear. Whether anxiety mediates between resourcefulness and internet game addiction and whether gender affect its mediation role have not been studied previously.
Methods:
A total of 4,889 college students from a college in southwest China were included in this study to complete the investigation, in which three questionnaires were used for evaluation.
Results:
Pearson's correlation analysis indicated a remarkable negative correlation between resourcefulness with internet game addiction and anxiety, as well as a significant positive correlation between anxiety and this addiction. The structural equation model confirmed the mediation role of anxiety. The multi-group analysis confirmed the moderating role of gender in the mediation model.
Discussion:
These findings have advanced the results of existing studies, indicating the buffering effect of resourcefulness on internet game addiction and revealing the potential mechanism of this relationship.
Loneliness is a universal human experience recognized since the dawn of time, yet it is unique for every individual. Loneliness can lead to both depression and low self-esteem.
This article explicates the concept of loneliness through the examination of its conceptual definition and uses, defining attributes, related concepts, and empirical referents.
Literature review using hand search and database were used as sources of information.
Because loneliness is commonly encountered in nursing situations, the information provided will serve as a framework for assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation of clients.
This article demonstrates how theoretical substruction with its various levels of abstraction can be used as a guide for theory testing research. The article describes a method for substructing research hypotheses as well as an entire study. Substruction and its benefits, including assuring the internal consistency of model testing, are discussed as applied to a study testing hypotheses derived from proposition two of Orem's self-care deficit theory of nursing. This approach to theory testing is congruent with the coherence theory of truth and promises to contribute to the advancement of nursing epistemology.
This article examines the process of theoretical substruction as a heuristic device to assist graduate students and beginning investigators identify the conceptualization and operationalization phases of research proposals. As a thinking process, substruction enables investigators to delineate the foundational elements of studies. Creating the figure during substruction helps researchers increase their knowledge of the theoretical, empirical, or descriptive links between the conceptual and operational components of a study. Consequently, the researcher ascertains the fundamental pattern of the study. A qualitative and a quantitative example of substructed studies are included.
An instrument was developed to measure the cognitive triad conceptualized by Beck to be an important variable in depression (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979). Reliability and validity statistics are reported on an original sample of 26 depressed patients and a replication sample of 28 depressed patients. The scale and its subscales were found to have high internal reliability. Comparison with rater measures and with two self-report measures, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and the Hopelessness Scale (Beck, Weissman, Lester, and Traxler, 1974) showed the Cognitive Triad Inventory (CTI) and its subscales to have good convergent validity.
Investigated how depression, outcome expectations, and age influence activities of daily living (ADL) in 40 adult patients in a university medical center rehabilitation unit. Ss completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and an expectations questionnaire; the nursing staff assessed ADL at admission and at discharge. Cluster analysis of self-report data at admission identified 3 subgroups that differed significantly in ADL gains, age, size, perception of depression, and length of stay. A multivariate model of clinical assessment is presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Substruction is a strategy to critique the theory and methodology of research. It is a process whereby a researcher identifies the major variables in a study, analyzes the levels of abstraction among the variables, identifies hypothesized relationships between variables, and connects the theoretical basis of the study to the methodology. A model of substruction is presented which incorporates terminology to facilitate a fuller explication of the linkages between the theoretical and operational systems. An example of substruction from the published literature is presented.
The social behavior and self-evaluation of depressed outpatients, nondepressed/nonanxious subjects, depressed/anxious subjects, and nondepressed/anxious subjects was evaluated in the context of a social interaction task with male and female confederates. Subjects also completed a questionnaire on the adequacy of their social support systems. Depressed individuals reported relatively inadequate social relationships; however, results from the social interaction task indicated that negative expectancies and relatively strict self-evaluation of social behavior were more characteristic of the depressed than were social skill deficits. In addition, the study provided some evidence that social difficulties are more relevant to depression than anxiety, although this was true only for expectancy ratings. This study also found no significant differences on any dependent measure between the depressed outpatients and the analogue depressed/anxious subjects—a finding that provides further data for the controversy of w...
The difficulties inherent in obtaining consistent and adequate diagnoses for the purposes of research and therapy have been pointed out by a number of authors. Pasamanick12 in a recent article viewed the low interclinician agreement on diagnosis as an indictment of the present state of psychiatry and called for "the development of objective, measurable and verifiable criteria of classification based not on personal or parochial considerations, but on behavioral and other objectively measurable manifestations."Attempts by other investigators to subject clinical observations and judgments to objective measurement have resulted in a wide variety of psychiatric rating scales.4,15 These have been well summarized in a review article by Lorr11 on "Rating Scales and Check Lists for the Evaluation of Psychopathology." In the area of psychological testing, a variety of paper-and-pencil tests have been devised for the purpose of measuring specific
In response to a mandate imposed by the County Community Mental Health Board, a psychosocial rehabilitation agency proposed that its consumer group would develop their own functional level scale to measure effectiveness of the services provided. The paper describes the development of the scale and the procedures used to examine its reliability and validity. The findings suggest that the Community Living Skills Scale developed by the Client Oriented Program Evaluation (COPE) group taps all relevant areas in regard to functional levels of the chronically mentally ill in the community and that its reliability is high.
The depressive symptoms of 53 newly diagnosed cancer patients receiving radiation thera y and the relationship of these symptoms to Lewinsohn's behavioral mode P of depression were investigated. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); it was found that over three-quarters of the patients were not depressed. The results of multiple regression analyses were consistent with Lewinsohn's model. Unpleasant and pleasant events cross-products accounted for a significant amount of the variance in the BDI scores. The subscales of unpleasant events that most strongly correlated with depression were (1) perceptions that others were dissatisfied with them, (2) perceptions that others were infringing on them, and (3) concerns over poor work performance. The subscales of pleasant events that inversely correlated most strongly with depression were feelings of good health and leisure-time activities.
The present paper describes the development of a self-report instrument to assess individual tendencies to apply self-control methods to the solution of behavioral problems. The 36 items included in the final version of the Self-Control Schedule (SCS) describe (a) use of cognitions and “self-statements” to control emotional and physiological responses, (b) the application of problem solving strategies, (c) the ability to delay immediate gratification, and (d) perceived selfefficacy. The reliability and the validity of the scale was evaluated by a number of studies involving more than 600 subjects. Incremental validity of the SCS was achieved by correlations with other self-report scales and by an experimental study. Preliminary findings indicate that the SCS might be a useful instrument in research on self-control.
While scholars in nursing are charged with the responsibility of advancing and structuring a body of knowledge for application in nursing practice, many of the currently utilized theories have been borrowed from other disciplines. Until such knowledge is redefined and synthesized according to the perspective of nursing, borrowed knowledge cannot be adequately understood. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive client-orientated health seeking and coping paradigm. This paradigm is theorized to be a function of 12 factors which include: clients' situational and personal factors, resources, sociodemographic characteristics, cognitive appraisal, health goals, health seeking and coping behaviours, nursing goals and strategies, clients' perceived compliance, clients' perceived coping effectiveness, and immediate and long-term health outcome. The Lazarus Schema of Coping and Adaptation and the Schlotfeldt Health Seeking and Coping Paradigm were the parent conceptualizations from which the Comprehensive Health Seeking and Coping Paradigm (CHSCP) was derived. As a nursing-orientated multidimensional framework, the CHSCP will provide a useful framework for nurses interested in altering, enhancing or promoting the health seeking and coping of clients. By providing an intellectual focus for the initial and ongoing assessment of a multitude of variables which influence health seeking and coping, the specification of appropriate strategies can be developed and enhanced.
This article describes the development and initial empirical testing of a theoretical formulation of social support, family, health, and child health derived from Imogene King's conceptual framework for nursing. A correlational design was used to test the formulation with 103 families who have children with diabetes mellitus. Three hypotheses were supported: parents' social support had a direct and positive effect on family health, parents' social support and child's social support were positively related, and illness factors had a direct and negative effect on child health. Both the supported and unsupported hypotheses are discussed in terms of the present substantive knowledge base and evidence of validity for King's framework. Direction for further theory development and research are identified.
How scientific knowledge is developed and organized into theories; how theories describe, explain, or predict events as they take place in the real world; how models describe the relationships that may exist among concepts in a developing theory; and how theory has application in nursing practice are discussed.
Metaphorical expression is viewed as a fundamental way of symbolizing used to develop nursing theory. The Sea of Life poem depicts a metaphor for explicating a theoretical structure derived from principles of the human becoming theory: Transforming occurs in the revealing-concealing of valuing. The Sea of Life, an original poem, sets forth the idea that unique meanings are co-created through human-environment relationships. The concepts of valuing, revealing-concealing, and transforming are linked through the poem to lived experiences. The easily recognizable concrete lived experiences which flow from the poem are re-conceptualized to formulate research questions.
Psychiatric mental health nurses remain challenged to develop theory-based strategies that assist depressed clients toward more productive, healthy lifestyles. This comparative study examined health-seeking resources, depressive symptoms, and adaptive functioning in matched groups of 63 depressed inpatients and 63 nondepressed adults. Results indicated high scores on measures of health-seeking resources correlated with high scores in adaptive functioning in both groups. Significant predictors of adaptive functioning were absence of depressive symptoms (nondepressed group) and learned resourcefulness (depressed group). Findings support Schlotfeldt's health-seeking model which explicates the significance of strengthening health-seeking resources to promote adaptive functioning.