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Quarantine at Grosse Ile.
Abstract
In 1832 British colonial authorities established a quarantine station at Grosse Ile, an island near Quebec City, after cholera outbreaks in northern England aroused fears that growing numbers of emigrants would carry it to the New World. Later, treating those suffering from other contagious diseases, such as typhus and smallpox, Grosse Ile played a notable role as Canada's principal quarantine station.
Typhoid and typhus are two different bacterial diseases with a similar clinical course. As a result, they were not distinguished until the middle of the 19th century. Typhoid, caused by Salmonella enterica Typhi invades and destroys the intestinal wall. The bacterium causes severe fever and a characteristic rash. Typhoid fever was especially important in the latter part of the 19th century when clean water supplies were unable to keep up with an influx of immigrants and explosive city growth.
Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and is spread by the feces of human lice. It is therefore a disease of gross overcrowding and a lack of personal hygiene. This has been especially a problem in crowded wartime conditions and in crowded impoverished urban areas as well as in prisons—it was once called jail fever. Both diseases are now readily treated with antibiotics.
Aspectos Jurídicos na Pandemia de Covid-19
Control of imported communicable diseases hitherto has been based on a paradigm of exclusion, isolationism and quarantine. Yet such policy is inconsistent with globalization of communication, commerce and travel, thus ignoring the potential for rapid dissemination of infectious disease worldwide. Prevention and containment strategies founded on such a premise ultimately cannot be effective. Instead, the perspective in control of communicable diseases must become international with monitoring and study of disease emergence, vector and reservoir patterns, and factors which facilitate and impede pathogen traffic. Our public health system must be reorganized with an international focus to ensure adequacy of surveillance mechanisms, related applied research, prevention and control strategies (including vaccination and information dissemination and education), and maintenance of optimal infrastructure--nationally, locally and internationally. Clear national and provincial contingency plans must be developed, ideally with international cooperation, for dealing with emerging infectious disease threats.
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