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Is Homophobia Associated with Homosexual Arousal
Abstract
The authors investigated the role of homosexual arousal in exclusively heterosexual men who admitted negative affect toward homosexual individuals. Participants consisted of a group of homophobic men (n = 35) and a group of nonhomophobic men (n = 29); they were assigned to groups on the basis of their scores on the Index of Homophobia (W. W. Hudson & W. A. Ricketts, 1980). The men were exposed to sexually explicit erotic stimuli consisting of heterosexual, male homosexual, and lesbian videotapes, and changes in penile circumference were monitored. They also completed an Aggression Questionnaire (A. H. Buss & M. Perry, 1992). Both groups exhibited increases in penile circumference to the heterosexual and female homosexual videos. Only the homophobic men showed an increase in penile erection to male homosexual stimuli. The groups did not differ in aggression. Homophobia is apparently associated with homosexual arousal that the homophobic individual is either unaware of or denies.
... Desde la perspectiva psicoanalítica tradicional habría una homofobia presente en la mayoría de las personas, procedente de la represión de la libido homosexual al asumirse una identidad heterosexual, y una homofobia patológica de carácter paranoide, que es consecuencia de la proyección del deseo homosexual y conlleva evitación y ataque ante la amenaza del deseo proyectado (Adams, Wright & Lohr, 1996;Gómez, 2007). Desde la perspectiva social, la homofobia es una actitud aprendida en la familia y grupos primarios de pertenencia e identidad, la cual puede cambiar con la experiencia e inclusión en grupales posteriores (Barra-Almagiá, 2002;Herek & González, 2006). ...
... Por otra parte, los datos tienen una naturaleza de autoinforme. Los resultados de validez pueden diferir con instrumentos de naturaleza proyectiva (Hegarty, 2003), de respuestas automáticas vegetativas (Adams, et al., 1996) y tiempos de reacción en situaciones de coherencia semántica (Cárdenas & Barrientos, 2008b). ...
Este artículo tiene como objetivos contrastar la estructura unidimensional con seis indicadores de la escala de homofobia (EHF), propuesta por Moral y Martínez (2010), calcular la consistencia interna de la escala, describir su distribución y estimar su validez convergente. Se levantó una muestra incidental de 356 estudiantes. La escala reducida a seis ítems tuvo una consistencia interna adecuada (α = .69). La estructura unidimensional mostró buen ajuste a los datos e invarianza entre hombres y mujeres por Máxima Verosimilitud. Su distribución fue asimétrica positiva. Su correlación con la Escala de Actitudes hacia Lesbianas y Hombres homosexuales (ATLG; Herek, 1984) fue .76. Se recomienda su uso en México.
... For example, some early studies found that a subset of bisexual-identified men do not show bisexual arousal patterns (Rieger et al., 2005;Tollison et al., 1979;see, e.g., Jabbour et al., 2020 for more recent counterevidence). In another study, heterosexual men who expressed more negative attitudes toward gay people were nonetheless physiologically sexually aroused by male erotic stimuli (Adams et al., 1996). It seems that experienced attraction and sexual arousal do not always conform to a static set of self-attributed preferences. ...
... Indeed, our strongest and most consistent findings were that White heterosexual and gay men's racial preferences in sexual attraction to White versus Black people of their preferred gender were generally reflected in their subjective and genital arousal patterns. These results are inconsistent with prior research indicating that self-attributed preferences for partners tend not to align with actual patterns of attraction (Eastwick et al., 2014;Joel et al., 2014Joel et al., , 2017 and subjective or physiological arousal (Adams et al., 1996;Brotto & Yule, 2011;Chivers et al., 2004Chivers et al., , 2007Chivers et al., , 2010Rieger et al., 2005;Tollison et al., 1979). The present research differs, however, in examining self-attributed preferences with respect to race rather than gender. ...
Racial preferences in sexual attraction are highly visible and controversial. They may also negatively impact those who are excluded. It is unclear whether these preferences are merely self-attributed or extend to patterns of experienced sexual arousal. Furthermore, some argue that racial preferences in sexual attraction reflect idiosyncratic personal preferences, while others argue that they are more systematically motivated and reflect broader negative attitudes toward particular races. In two studies, we examined these issues by measuring the sexual arousal patterns and negative racial attitudes of 78 White men in relation to their racial preferences in sexual attraction to White versus Black people. For both White heterosexual men (n = 40; Study 1) and White gay men (n = 38; Study 2), greater racial preferences in sexual attraction to White versus Black people of their preferred gender were associated with more subjective and genital arousal by erotic stimuli featuring White versus Black people of their preferred gender, and with more explicit and implicit negative attitudes toward Black people. Findings suggest that racial preferences in sexual attraction are reflected in patterns of sexual arousal, and they might also be systematically motivated by negative attitudes toward particular races.
... Andreassen et al. (2016) diskutieren Arbeitssucht (workaholicism) als Bewältigungsstrategie von Ängsten, und Kim et al. (2013), wie die Sublimierung von Angst kreative Praktiken anzustoßen vermag. Ebenso kann Interesse zur Phobie transformiert werden, wie Adams et al. (1996) in psychoanalytischer Tradition anhand empirischer Untersuchungen für das Beispiel latenter Homosexualität und manifester Homophobie aufzeigen. Solche Beispiele veranschaulichen, dass Angst nicht schlicht eine formallogische Inversion des Interesses zum Ausdruck bringt, sondern immer schon mit dem Interesse in vielfacher Beziehung steht (Bedingung, Bedingtsein, Gefühlsambivalenz, Erscheinen in Gestalt des Anderen, Kompensation etc.). ...
... Ageism is widespread in North American culture (Nosek, 2005), and a common ageist attitude toward older adults is that they are incompetent, physically weak, and slow (Greenberg, Schimel, & Martens, 2002) reported that their erections indicated arousal for the straight and lesbian clips, the homophobic men indicated that they were not sexually aroused (despite their erections) to the gay clips. Adams et al. (1996) suggest that these findings may indicate that homophobia is related to gay arousal that the homophobic individuals either deny or are unaware. ...
... Os pais citam também a dificuldade de inclusão no mercado de trabalho. O medo dos pais não é fictício diante da realidade vivida em nosso país, em relação às pessoas LGBT, para quem as atitudes dirigidas, geralmente, são de desconforto, desprezo, repulsa e hostilidade (Adams et al., 1996). Pessoas não heterossexuais sofrem desde a não aceitação da orientação sexual no âmbito familiar, passando pela ausência de mercado de trabalho, além da exclusão e o afastamento das comunidades e escolas (Gomes et al., 2013;Sousa, 2016). ...
A revelação da orientação não heterossexual (coming out) de um indivíduo para a família pode ser um processo complexo, por vezes longo e conflituoso. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar como pais e mães que residiam em uma cidade do interior da mesorregião noroeste rio-grandense, experienciaram a revelação da orientação não heterossexual de filhos/as. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de cunho exploratório e descritivo. Participaram seis mães e pais de pessoas que haviam revelado sua orientação não heterossexual para a família. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, as quais foram gravadas em áudio, transcritas na íntegra e posteriormente submetidas à análise temática. Os resultados mostraram duas formas de aceitação, a imediata e a conturbada, além de elementos comuns às duas formas. A aceitação imediata foi potencializada pela percepção prévia da homossexualidade do/a filho/a e por informações sobre diversidade sexual e de gênero. A aceitação conturbada foi motivada por fatores como a esperança de que o/a filho/a mudasse ou culpa pela orientação sexual do/a filho/a. Entre os elementos comuns, destaca-se o medo do preconceito e a reavaliação de expectativas sobre o/a filho/a.
Homophobic violence can be considered as an expressive act. Violent behavior can be considered as anti-homosexual when victims are chosen because they are considered or perceived as homosexual. Following this reasoning, hate crimes as homophobic crimes have a communicative value, since they represent a range of “masculinization” practices within the processes of gender socialization, both in conventional and illegitimate social worlds. Every homophobic act aims to intimidate not just the victim, but the whole group associated with the, whether concretely or merely in the perception of the perpetrator. This chapter will take into account the main research on victimization from an international perspective; it will highlight how both the gender of the perpetrator and the cultural constructions of masculinity(ies), in a heterosexist and hegemonic system, seem to play a fundamental role in producing homophobic and anti-homosexual behaviour.
Résumé
Une partie du champ psychanalytique oppose la logique compréhensive à la logique explicative en vue de dépasser les tensions internes à l’épistémologie freudienne et de revendiquer la spécificité épistémique de la psychanalyse. La psychanalyse risque-t-elle de s’exclure du champ psychothérapique en refusant de se soumettre à la logique de la preuve ? Risque-t-elle vraiment de perdre sa spécificité en cédant aux sirènes de l’expérimentation ? Nous exposons ici les raisons pour lesquelles le statut épistémique de l’interprétation doit être vue comme le problème central de la psychanalyse. Nous montrons ensuite comment la psychanalyse expérimentale et l’évaluation différentielle des psychothérapies échouent à tester et à valider la dimension interprétative de la psychanalyse. En nous appuyant sur la théorie de la posture intentionnelle de Daniel Dennett, ainsi que sur certains travaux de psychanalyse expérimentale, nous dégageons enfin les conditions sous lesquelles la logique compréhensive peut être considérée comme une science et appréhendée expérimentalement.
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-69094-6?page=1#toc
Quality and efficiency in Social Work? Do we assure the preconditions for quality through licensing, regulation, accreditation and standards? Should we focus more on the efficiency of social workers’ activity? Entry into “legality” of social service providers by obtaining accreditation as providers and by licensing for social services offered is a process that is not easy to go but mandatory in present. Our research analyses the accreditation of social service providers and the licensing process of residential centers for elderly in Romania. Taking into consideration the legal minimal standards we examined the way these are put in practice and we identified different ideas for improvement.
This chapter talk about the management of sexual diversity in senior citizen centres. It is centred on elderly’s opinion about homosexuality and its goal to see if homophobia exists in senior citizen’s centres between the residents. It is a part of an extender research about homophobia. We have decided to use the quantitative technique of the questionnaire, it has been created with Homophobia Scale (HS) [1], developed at the University of Georgia and some demographic variables, used in a sample of 23 nursey home residents as our research method. We have make the data correlations using the SPSS program, concluding the existence of homophobia in nursing homes.
The present study was conducted to gain an insight to correlate homophobia with personality, social desirability, aggression and social dominance among male and female heterosexuals of urban and rural livelihood of Ambala. Homophobia is traditionally defined as "fear, disgust, anger, discomfort and aversion that individuals experience in dealing with gay people". However, it has been understudied whether there are significant differences in homophobia, personality, aggression and social dominance among male and female heterosexuals of urban and rural livelihood. Also study includes the correlation of homophobia with personality, social desirability, aggression and social dominance of heterosexuals. The study was conducted on 300 heterosexuals out whom 75 male were from urban livelihood, 75 male were from rural livelihood, 75 female were from urban livelihood and 75 female were from rural livelihood. Standardized tools namely homophobia scale (Wright, Adams, and, 2015). Results revealed that there are non-significant differences in homophobia among male and female heterosexuals of urban and rural livelihood. Personality, social desirability and aggression are negatively correlated to homophobia whereas social dominance positively correlates with homophobia in heterosexuals of urban and rural livelihood. omophobia is a term coined by Weinberg (1972) was originally defined as the dread of being in close quarters with homosexual men and women as well as irrational fear, hatred, and intolerance by heterosexual individuals of homosexual men and women.
This article provides an overview of salient issues related to scientific and therapeutic work with lesbian women and gay men. It is presented in five sections which provide the reader with a review of terms and concepts; a sense of the social context (historically and currently) faced by gay people, a discussion of psychology s approach to gay/lesbian issues, an overview of gay identity development; and an outline of roles and responsibilities of counseling psychologists in working with these populations. Resources are indicated for those wishing further information and direction.
12 21–30 yr old males who were trained to expect tolerance-level electric shocks viewed an erotic film under 3 counterbalanced conditions. In 1 condition, Ss viewed the erotic film in conjunction with a signal light indicating threat of shock. A 2nd light indicated threat of shock if Ss did not achieve an erection of a certain size. A 3rd light indicated no shock. Both anxiety-inducing shock-threat conditions increased penile size response over and above the no-shock-threat condition. Furthermore, shock threat contingent on size of erection produced more arousal than noncontingent-shock threat. (22 ref)
Discusses the validity of various assumptions about the origins of fears about homosexuals. The idea that these fears arise because of fears about one's own homosexual tendencies, although a commonly expressed assumption, is not viewed as a valid explanation. The ways in which this idea will hurt the progress of gay liberation movements and other attempts to eliminate stereotyped views of homosexuals are outlined. Clinical psychological explanations of homophobia are briefly examined, and it is suggested that the term "anxiety" is a more valid one to use in talking of this problem than "fear" since the latter often refers to a reality-based objective state while the former implies some degree of subjectivity. Other roots of homophobia, such as beliefs that sex is only for procreation, that only heterosexual activity is natural, that homosexuals are often perpetrators of child abuse, and that promiscuity characterizes homosexual relationships are examined. Data are also presented which indicate that the need to maintain clear behavioral differences between men and women is also a powerful determinant of attitudes toward homosexuality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Presents a revision of the author's previous work on homosexuality. The present volume updates a review of the psychological, sociological, and popular literature concerning the factors that determine sexual orientation, the place of homosexuals in society, and the social problems they may encounter. Ethical and medical issues are also examined, along with issues related to homosexuality in women, and the gay liberation movement. (25½ p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The presence of sexual arousal to children or a sexual preference for children are commonly hypothesized as being related to child molesting. Sexual arousal and sexual preference do not appear to be accurately assessed by traditional assessment methods such as the clinical interview and traditional personality testing or by projective testing (Earls, 1992). Penile tumescence measurement is an increasingly utilized method for assessing sexual arousal and preference in child molesters. The published literature concerning the psychometric properties of this technology as used with child molesters is critically reviewed. Basic questions concerning the sexual preference hypothesis, the criterion problem, the lack of procedural standardization, the kind of test penile tumescence measures exemplifies, and potentially problematic inferences involved in penile tumescence assessment are examined. There is evidence of test-retest and internal consistency reliabilities for certain penile tumescence measurement procedures. While there are a significant number of studies providing evidence that these techniques can accurately distinguish child abusers from nonoffenders, many are plagued by methodological problems. Suggestions for future research are given.
Cognitive and physiological indices of sexual arousal were investigated utilizing groups of homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual subjects (ten subjects per group) who were presented both homosexual and heterosexual films and slides. The results indicated that both homosexual and heterosexual subjects were able to estimate accurately their degree of erection to the erotic stimuli. Bisexual subjects, however, showed a large discrepancy between the magnitude of actual erection and verbally reported estimates of penile tumescence. In terms of physiological arousal, the erectile responses of the homosexual and bisexual groups were indistinguishable, a finding which questions the existence of male bisexuality as distinct from homosexuality or as a different sexual orientation in males.
A one-page self-rating form is described to monitor change in phobic patients. It is derived from earlier versions used in 1000 phobic club members and 300 phobic patients. The form yields four scores: main phobia, global phobia, total phobia and anxiety-depression. The total phobia score is composed of agoraphobia, social and blood-injury subgroups. The form is short, reliable and valid. Adoption of this standard form for research in clinical populations would facilitate comparison of results across centres and studies.
This paper attempts to refine and state more clearly an operational definition of homophobia. Homophobia is seen as but one dimension among many that collectively refer to the much larger domain of homonegativeism. The paper then presents a new measure of homophobia, called the IHP, and reports the finding of a study designed to validate the new scale. The IHP was found to have a reliability of .90 and good content and factorial validity.