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The boron content of selected foods and the estimation of its daily intake among free-living subjects
Abstract
Boron is an essential micronutrient for higher plants. The results of studies in animals and humans have suggested a potential role for boron as a modulator of the steroid hormone pathway.
As part of a study to obtain baseline information on boron in humans, the boron content of selected foods (66 items) consumed in Australia was determined. Mean values are presented for the element per 100 g or 100 ml of food and per serving.
Major sources of the element were nuts, dried fruits, legumes, fresh vegetables and fruits. The boron content of these foods correlated positively and strongly with values provided by the comprehensive Finnish Tables of mineral composition of foods and with the US Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study. Because of the similarity in methods employed by this study and that used for the comprehensive Finnish Tables, the latter was used to analyze the boron content in 7-day weighed food records of 32 subjects.
Using data obtained from the food records and assigning the corresponding values from the Finnish Tables for the boron content of foods, the average daily consumption of boron for a selected group of Australians was found to be 2.23 +/- 1.23 mg/day.
... Raising prebiotic B intake by dietary means may contribute to beneficial effects on thyroid metabolism, obesity, and lipid metabolism, and may be used in dentistry as a cariostatic agent. The major sources of prebiotic B are nuts, dried fruits, legumes, fresh vegetables, raisins, and GCB [80,81]. Also, from another point of view, in a study that specifically examined the toxicity of B on the population, the mortality rate in communities with a high amount of B in drinking water was lower than that of the general population of France as a reference area (p < 10 −3 ). ...
Recently, we discovered and proved the essentiality of organic boron species (OBS), such as borate–pectic polysaccharides and borate–phenolic esters, for healthy symbiosis (HS) between microbiota and human/animal (H/A) host. The essentiality of OBS will provide new options for B supplementation in H/A nutrition for a healthy and long life. New knowledge on the essentiality of naturally occurring microbiota-accessible borate species for HS between microbiota and H/A host will allow the use of natural B-based dietary supplements to target the H/A microbiome (the gut, skin, oral, scalp, and vaginal microbiome). In the literature, there is evidence that certain bacteria need B (autoinducer-2 borate) for communication and our preliminary data show that HS takes place when the colonic mucus gel layer contains B. Subsequently, OBS become novel prebiotic candidates and target the colon as novel colonic foods.
... Figs had the highest mean value of 15.75 ppm among the tested items. Additionally, the mean value of plums (10.3 ppm) in this study was found to be higher than the mean values of Australian (4.5 ppm), Turkish (Naghii et al., 1996) (1.16 ppm) (Sungur & Okur, 2009), American (4.22 ppm) (Anderson et al., 1994), Finnish (4.5 ppm) (Koivistoinen, 1980), and German (3.4 ppm) plums (Souci et al., 1994). The lowest concentration of boron was found in coffee (0.92 ppm), which was lower than F I G U R E 1 The association between menopausal age and bone mineral density (BMD) expressed as T-scores as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) of participants. ...
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary boron on osteoporosis in postmenopausal Jordanian women. Sixty‐six women diagnosed with osteoporosis were recruited and data on personal information, dietary habits, medical history, and lifestyle were collected. Bone mineral density, serum calcium, and serum vitamin D measurements were obtained from patient records. This study showed a strong correlation between boron intake and bone mineral density in these women with osteoporosis and a negative correlation between boron intake and serum calcium (p < .05). However, no significant correlation was found between boron intake and various parameters such as serum vitamin D, dietary habits, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), age of menopause, cases of hysterectomy or oophorectomy, location of fractures, education level, social status, smoking, and physical activity (p > .05). A significant link was found between boron intake and bone mineral density highlighting the importance of nutritional and lifestyle factors affecting bone health. Further research on the specific impact of boron is warranted to better inform dietary interventions for osteoporosis prevention and management.
... C<9 -children < 9 years; C9-18 -children between 9-18 years; M<50 -men < 50 years; M>50 -men > 50 years; W<50-women < 50 years; W>50-women > 50 years; Wp -pregnant women; Wl -lactating women [8,11,14,16,31,68,70,72,79,[138][139][140] Involved in molecular synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins, promotes immune functions and healthy pregnancy, decreases diarrhoea and respiratory infections C<9-children < 9 years; C9-18 -children between 9-18 years; M<50 -men < 50 years; M>50 -men > 50 years; W<50women < 50 years; W>50 -women > 50 years; Wp -pregnant women; Wl -lactating women [31,117,118,[139][140][141][142][143] A brief review of these functional roles is presented as follows: ...
Nutrition is essential for the health and well-being of all living beings and is sourced from foods of different origins and types. Most importantly, the food must contain carbohydrates, proteins, fat, vitamins and minerals in a balanced form to achieve optimum benefits. Vitamins and minerals, also known as micronutrients, are characterised by their nature, quantity and role in normal metabolic activities. In humans, micronutrients are exclusively obtained from food or supplements. In addition, vitamin D3 is synthesized de novo with the aid of sunlight, while vitamins B and K are synthesized in the gut by the resident bacteria. Micronutrients play an important role in health and disease states and have become the most widely used dietary supplements in the world. However, how effective they are against diseases is controversial as conflicting reports continue to emerge, especially where insufficient data is available. This review highlights the important role of micronutrient supplements in the alleviation of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Data were retrieved from the literature in databases including African Journal Online, Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science, among others, with hits on nutrients, vitamins and mineral supplements: Only literature with relevant information from 1993-2023 (30 years) was considered. As important as these micronutrients are for health and their supplementations are generally beneficial, it is worthy of note that their role in the disease treatment is still limited by insufficient data.
... Максимальные накопления обнаруживаются в засушливых районах. [7] 25 продуктов растительного и животного происхождения с высоким содержанием бора [8] № Продукт мг / 100 г Концентрация соединения в воде варьируется в зависимости от источника. Нормой считается содержание не более 0,5 мг/л. ...
В статье рассмотрены основные свойства бора (В) и его воздействие на организм человека. Проведен систематический обзор современной специализированной литературы и актуальных научных данных. Указаны лучшие натуральные источники бора. Рассмотрено использование минерала в различных видах медицины и эффективность его применения при различных заболеваниях. Отдельно проанализированы потенциально неблагоприятные эффекты бора на организм человека при определенных медицинских состояниях и заболеваниях. Расширенная HTML версия статьи приведена на сайте edaplus.info.
... Diyetle birlikte verilen borunun, osteoblastların, osteoklastların varlığını ve büyümesini etkileyerek kemik büyümesi ile korunmasına karşı olumlu bir etki gösterdiği araştırıcılar tarafında ifade edilmektedir (26). ...
Kas hareketlerinin büyük kısmı istem dışı gerçekleşen hareketlerdir. İnsan yaşamının devamı için gerekli olan fonksiyonlar için önem arz ediyor(Kalbin kasılma sonucunda kan pompalaması).İstem dışı gerçekleşen hareketler otonom sinir sistemi denetimindedir. İstemli çalışan kas hareketleri ise somatik sinir sistemi denetimindedir.
Kaslar, iskeletin üzerini örterek, insanın ayakta dik kalmasını ve organizmanın şekil almasını sağlar. Aynı zamanda kaslar iskeletin mekanda yer değiştirmesini sağlar. Kaslar kasılıp gevşeye bilme kabiliyetine sahiptirler. Bu kabiliyetleri sayesinde kaslar, eklemler ile birbirine bağlanmış olan iskeletin hareket etmesini sağlar. İç organların yapısında bulunan kaslarda bu organların hareket etmesini sağlar(44-48).
Sonuç olarak; son çalışmalar incelendiğinde; borun besinlerle alım miktarları ve besinlere etki mekanizmaları, artrit, osteoporoz, kemik kırıkları, kanser ve merkezi sinir sistemi fonksiyonlarında bozulma gibi riskleri azaltacak faydaları olduğu bildirilmektedir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Bor elementi, Bor takviyesi, Kemik anatomisi, Kas anatomisi, İskelet anatomisi
... The Earth's crust content is estimated at 10 ppm and about 100 ppm in boron-rich areas (Algrifi, & Salman, 2022b). It is nor free in Earth but is linked to borax, turmaline, colemanite, kernite, and borate (Ismail & Jaafar, 2011;Ismail, & Jaafar, 2010;Naghii, Wall & Samman, 1996;Goldberg & Suarez, 2011). ...
In southern Basrah in Iraq, this research is aimed at measuring the concentrations of Boron 10 B5. Measuring the water wells and water samples collected at 43 different locations was carried out using the Inductively coupled plasma/Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. The concentration ranged from 0.2 mg/L (Al Marbad District) to 9.3 mg/L (Al Shuaiba farm 2). The study's findings are given and compared to those of other studies. These observations could be used to make an additionally unique contribution to the preservation and application of water quality standards to related organizations of radioactive contaminant-free samples required for humans if an incident of contamination occurs. Furthermore, 43 surface water samples were found to be more boron-like than detected levels. The increase in water flow outside the root level by the monsoon rain is responsible. This is due to acute boron contamination will therefore soon occur.
... In addition to Figure 3, Table 1 showed that boron concentrations in water were somewhat higher than most of the public tap water and surface water [14,15]. For the quality of the water used for drinking the European Union stated in 1998 that boron should be 1.0 mg/L [16,17]. ...
For both vegetation and human beings, boron is not a uniformly scattered, all-embracing essential micronutrient. The reason for this study is to determine Boron concentrations, 10B5, in Iraq in northern Basrah. The measurements were carried out using ICP-OES methods by analysis of the water samples collected in 41 different locations. This study showed that the concentration of 0.26 mg/L (Al –Alwa Al Qurnah) to 1.7 mg/L (Al Huwair Al Sagher). The findings of the study will be given, and they will be compared to other papers. These results might be used to introduce a novel concept additional contribution to the preservation of radioactive contaminantfree water samples required by people if an event of pollution occurs and to implement requirements for water quality for associated organizations. In addition, the survey found that 41 samples of water had more boron than levels detected. This is because of increased surface-water fluidity outside the root level via monsoon rain. There will therefore be a chance of acute boron contamination soon.
Epidemiological and animal studies have indicated that calcium and boron are essential for bone development and metabolism. However, limited information is available regarding the effects of boron supplementation on bone development and metabolism in newly weaned infants with either calcium deficiency or calcium sufficiency. This study assessed the effects of dietary boron supplementation (0 and 3 mg kg-1) on bone development and metabolism, in a newly weaned mouse model, under both calcium deficiency and sufficiency feeding conditions. The results show that mice fed a calcium sufficient diet exhibited lower fat percentage and final body weight than those fed a calcium deficient diet. Boron supplementation reduced the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and up-regulated the mRNA levels of FABP3, PPAR-γ, and CaMK in the intestinal mucosa. Importantly, boron supplementation increased the tibial weight in mice on a calcium-sufficient diet and enhanced the tibial volume in those on a calcium-deficient diet. Metabolomic analysis highlighted calcium and boron's impact on metabolites like carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls, steroids and steroid derivatives, benzene and substituted derivatives, organonitrogen compounds, organooxygen compounds, and phenols, and were related to lipid metabolism and the neural signaling pathway. Transcriptomic analysis corroborated the role of calcium and boron in modulating bone metabolism via the JAK-STAT, calcium signaling, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory pathways. Multi-omics analysis indicated a strong correlation between calcium signaling pathways, lipid metabolism signaling, and dietary calcium and boron contents. This research provides insights into these complex mechanisms, potentially paving the way for novel interventions against calcium and boron deficiencies and bone metabolism abnormalities in clinical settings.
Minerals are vital nutrients required for the growth and metabolism of the body. These are naturally occurring elements which are present in rocks, earth and various foods. They are required by the human body in different proportions as per their functions. Hence, they are classified as macro- and micronutrients. Minerals as nutraceutical also plays an important role as substrates for biochemical reactions; co-factors of enzymatic reactions; inhibitors of enzymatic reactions; compounds that improve nutrient absorption and/or stability; selective growth factors for beneficial gastrointestinal bacteria; fermentation substrates for beneficial oral, gastric or intestinal bacteria; selective inhibitors of deleterious intestinal bacteria; and absorbents and sequestrants that bind to and remove unfavourable compounds; minerals play a critical role in human health. In this chapter, the important role of minerals in various human body functions and their bioavailability has been elaborated. The effects of various factors on the absorption and function of different minerals have been discussed in detail. Further, the effect of food processing and cooking technique on the nutritional value of the minerals has also been discussed thoroughly.
BORON İN ENDUSTRY AND HEALTH
Boron deprivation experiments with humans have yielded some persuasive findings for the hypothesis that boron is an essential nutrient. In the first nutritional study with humans involving boron, 12 postmenopausal women first were fed a diet that provided 0.25 mg boron/2000 kcal for 119 days, and then were fed the same diet with a boron supplement of 3 mg boron/day for 48 days. The boron supplementation reduced the total plasma concentration of calcium and the urinary excretions of calcium and magnesium, and elevated the serum concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone. This study was followed by one in which five men over the age of 45, four postmenopausal women, and five postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy were fed a boron-low diet (0.23 mg/2000 kcal) for 63 days, then fed the same diet supplemented with 3 mg boron/day for 49 days. The diet was low in magnesium (115 mg/2000 kcal) and marginally adequate in copper (1.6 mg/2000 kcal) throughout the study. This experiment found higher erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, serum enzymatic ceruloplasmin, and plasma copper during boron repletion than boron depletion. The design of the most recent experiment was the same as the second study, except this time the diet was adequate in magnesium and copper. Estrogen therapy increased plasma copper and serum 17 beta-estradiol concentrations; the increases were depressed by boron deprivation. Estrogen ingestion also increased serum immunoreactive ceruloplasmin and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase; these variables also were higher during boron repletion than depletion for all subjects, not just those ingesting estrogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Neutron capture prompt γ-ray activation analysis was used to determine H, B, Na, S, Cl, and K in 234 foods from US Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study collection K11 (November 1990 to January 1991). Fruits, vegetables, and nuts had the highest B concentrations and supplied over 50% of the dietary intake for B in eight age/sex groups. Higher B concentrations in drinking water and greater fruit and vegetable consumption could significantly increase B intakes. Added NaCl (i.e., that introduced during processing or preparation) was estimated to account for about half the dietary Na and Cl for 6- to 11-month-old children and ∼75% of Na and ∼80% of Cl for all other age/sex groups. An estimated 10% of dietary Na was contributed by other additives, e.g., baking powder in grain products, emulsifying agents in processed cheese, and a variety of preservatives. Sulfur concentrations in food and S intakes were dominated by protein-related cysteine, with relatively little contribution from food additives. Potassium and Na concentrations and intakes determined for collection K11 agreed very well with the 1982–1989 Total Diet Study averages.
To measure sodium mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate (I), Na2B12H11SH, used for boron neutron-capture therapy, a colorimetric method with curcumine for determining boron in biological materials was developed. First, biological samples such as the tumor, surrounding tissues, and blood plasma were ashed gently using the radiofrequency combustion system with excited oxygen plasma. Urine samples were not ashed but usually required dilution with water. After oxidative degradation with potassium permanganate, boron in the degradation products was extracted with chloroform containing 2-ethyl-1, 3-hexanediol. Boron in the chloroform extract was converted into the boron-curcumine complex by adding an acetic acid solution of curcumine, followed by concentrated sulfuric acid. After dilution with 95% (v / v) ethanol, the absorbancy of the solution at 554 nm based on the complex was measured by spectrophotometry. The linear dynamic range for the assay was from 0.5 to 20 μg of boron per sample solution. Compared with the 1, 1'-dianthrimide method the present method is simple and safe, and is sensitive enough to be useful for the determination of boron in biological materials.
Caviar samples were spiked at the 0.1 and 0.2% levels and digested with nitric acid in a closed Teflon-lined digestion vessel to prevent volatility losses. The boron was complexed with 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol and extracted into methylisobulty ketone. The emission of the boron oxide band was measured in a nitrous oxidehydrogen flame. The mean recoveries at the 0.1 and 0.2% levels for 6 collaborators were 95.7 and 97.1%, respectively.
Dietary boron, in concentrations similar to that found in human diets comprised mainly of fruits and vegetables, affects both mineral and energy metabolism. Therefore, the effects of boron on a model system with a perturbed metabolic insulin-vitamin D3 axis was examined. Weanling male rats were fed a ground corn-high protein casein-corn oil-based diet (0.06 mg B/kg; no supplemental vitamin D3) supplemented with B (as orthoboric acid) at 0 or 2.4 mg/kg. After 55 days, all rats were equilibrated in individual metabolic cages for 6 days. After another 6 days, one half of the rats in both dietary groups were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (STZ). All rats were killed 3 days after STZ treatment. STZ affected many aspects of mineral metabolism as expected. Plasma ionized calcium concentrations fell by approximately 10% in STZ-treated rats. Brain and heart mineral metabolism was spared from the toxic effects of STZ whereas spleen mineral metabolism was especially vulnerable to STZ. Supplemental dietary boron increased urinary excretion of calcium in the non-STZ rats but did not affect the plasma concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, ionized calcium or the concentration of calcium in the brains, lungs, kidneys and spleens of those animals. Supplemental dietary boron temporarily reduced the abnormally elevated renal excretion of albumin, potassium and sodium during the acute phase of diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, physiological amounts of dietary boron exacerbated the abnormally elevated rate of collagen breakdown in the STZ animal. Finally, boron may have indirectly affected heart mineral metabolism because dietary boron did not affect cardiac boron concentrations but did affect cardiac copper, calcium, manganese, molybdenum and phosphorus concentrations, primarily in non-STZ rats. The findings suggest that dietary boron has both protective and regulatory roles in mineral metabolism.
The element boron is ubiquitous in the environment. Comparatively low concentrations of dietary boron affect several aspects of mineral metabolism in animals and human beings. Therefore, it is appropriate to determine precisely the concentration of boron in human foodstuffs and absorbed, inhaled, or ingested nonfood substances. In this article, we report the analyzed concentrations of boron and other elements in selected foods (animal products, water, condiments, confections, fruits, tuberized roots, vegetables, cereal grains, and spices) and personal-care products (analgesics, antibiotics, decongestants, antihistamines, dental hygiene products, gastric antacids, and laxatives). We conclude that daily intake of boron usually differs considerably between any two individuals for three main reasons. First, concentration of boron in water varies considerably according to geographic source. At some locations, boron in drinking water and water-based beverages may account for most of the total dietary boron intake. Second, individual food preference greatly influences daily intake of boron. Fruits, vegetables, tubers, and legumes have relatively much higher concentrations of boron than do cereal grains or animal tissues and fluids. Third, boron was determined to be a notable contaminant or major ingredient of many personal-care products.
A study was done to examine the effects of aluminum, magnesium, and boron on major mineral metabolism in postmenopausal women. This communication describes some of the effects of dietary boron on 12 women between the ages of 48 and 82 housed in a metabolic unit. A boron supplement of 3 mg/day markedly affected several indices of mineral metabolism of seven women consuming a low-magnesium diet and five women consuming a diet adequate in magnesium; the women had consumed a conventional diet supplying about 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days. Boron supplementation markedly reduced the urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium; the depression seemed more marked when dietary magnesium was low. Boron supplementation depressed the urinary excretion of phosphorus by the low-magnesium, but not by the adequate-magnesium, women. Boron supplementation markedly elevated the serum concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone; the elevation seemed more marked when dietary magnesium was low. Neither high dietary aluminum (1000 mg/day) nor an interaction between boron and aluminum affected the variables presented. The findings suggest that supplementation of a low-boron diet with an amount of boron commonly found in diets high in fruits and vegetables induces changes in postmenopausal women consistent with the prevention of calcium loss and bone demineralization.