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Intraoral body-piercing: a case report
Abstract
Body-piercing is growing in popularity. Intraoral sites are being selected more frequently for piercing. A case of a lingual barbell is described.
... obvyklé symptómy po zavedení je bolesť, opuch, infekcia, hypersalivácia a traumatizácía ďasna [6,10]" V literatúre je uvedené, Že pracovníci zaváďzajúci piercing, inštruujú príjemcu, aby si vyplachoval ústa dezinfekčnými roztokmi na zabránenie infekcie [11]. Samozrejmým následkom intraorálneho piercingu je bolesť, ako následok nepoužitia anestézy. ...
... Bráni v mastikácii, artikulácii a deglutinácii [8,9]. V dvoch kazuistikách zaoberajúcich sa piercingom v jazyku, pacienti popierali, že by im zavedený predmet ptekážal pri reči [6,8]. A]e aj napriek tomu máme dostatočné ď6kazy, že jazykové zariadenie prekáža pri reči, susediacim zubom ako aj pri mastikácii [6,7,II]. ...
... V dvoch kazuistikách zaoberajúcich sa piercingom v jazyku, pacienti popierali, že by im zavedený predmet ptekážal pri reči [6,8]. A]e aj napriek tomu máme dostatočné ď6kazy, že jazykové zariadenie prekáža pri reči, susediacim zubom ako aj pri mastikácii [6,7,II]. ...
The authors discuss the problem of piercing with special attention to the tongue.
They describe the history and hisťorical importancejewels inserted into different parts ofthe
body. They present their own experience with a rare complication of piercíng of the tongue
(parťial incorporatíon into the tongue) not described so far in the available literature. They
discuss some, even liíe threatening complications which occur in conjunction with these cases.
... There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
... There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
This descriptive, correlational study surveyed 79 pierced and/or tattooed participants to determine reasons why people pierce and tattoo their bodies and to assess participants' knowledge of health risks involved in body alteration procedures. Participants queried represented a wide age range—between 19 and 55. Results showed that participants perceived few health risks involving piercing and tattooing and desired additional piercings and/or tattoos. Individual expression was an important body alteration motivation for both piercing and tattooing. These findings underscore the importance of health care professionals' maintaining nonjudgmental attitudes about those who alter their bodies, thereby facilitating important health education concerning related health risks. Suggestions for nursing applications are discussed.
... Most of the intra-oral jewellery used comes in the form of studs, hoops or barbell shaped devices available commercially. 4,8 The jewellery may be surgical grade stainless steel, 14 carat yellow or white gold, niobium or even plastics may be used. 4 The persons undergoing oral piercing are frequently unaware of the associated risks. ...
... 45 Severe attachment loss can develop even when gingival recession is minimal. 5 because attachment loss may escape detection, 44,43,46 Interference with oral health evaluation:Jewelry in the mouth can block the transmissionof X-rays (fig 8,9). Clear radiographs, are essential to a complete oral healthevaluation. ...
... In addition, scar tissue resulting from piercing the areola can constrict a duct during lactation (Tweeten & Rickman, 1998). There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996 ). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
... There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996 ). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
This study observed the public health nurse’s and the patient’s activity level during blood pressure measurement and the kind of nonpharmacological treatment that was given. Using the Nurse Practitioner Rating Form, three structured observations were made of 21 public health nurses at their offices at health care centers. The nurses were randomly selected from 22 health care centers in Southern Sweden. The public health nurses used nonpharmacological treatment at 18 out of 63 visits, mainly diet and physical activity. The nonpharmacological conversation had a psychosocial aspect at 15 observations. During the visits, most of the facts and advice concerned somatic aspects of health promotion. Almost all patients were asked about their medication. At more than half of the observations, the nurses and the patients met at the same medium or high communication level. The nurses need training and information about nonpharmacological treatment to practice health promotion in hypertension care.
... Dental practitioners are coming into contact with a growing number of patients with oral piercings, especially tongue piercings (TP)567. In the majority of cases, piercing of the tongue is performed at the midline [8]. Barbell-shaped devices are among the most widely used items of jewellery. ...
... In 1994, Scully and Chen were the first to describe complications directly correlated with tongue piercing [6]. Since then, a wide variety of case reports describing the oral complications of TP have been published [1, 3, 8, 9, 13,2425262728293031323334353637. In addition, the literature is based on a limited number of studies with only a few patients studied and a few reviews [9, 10,141516171819. ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate tooth and periodontal damage in subjects wearing a tongue piercing (TP) in comparison to matched control subjects without tongue piercing. Members of the German Federal Armed Forces who had TP (group TP) and a matched control group (group C) volunteered to take part in the study. The time in situ, localization and material of TP were documented. Dental examinations included DMF-T, oral hygiene, enamel fissures (EF), enamel cracks (EC) and recessions. Statistical analysis was determined by χ
2 test and the t test. Both groups had 46 male subjects (mean age 22.1 years). The piercings had been in situ for 3.8 ± 3.1 years. Subjects in the TP group had a total of 1,260 teeth. Twenty-nine subjects had 115 teeth (9.1%) with EF (67% lingual). In group C (1,243 teeth), 30 subjects had 60 teeth with EF (4.8%, 78% vestibular) (p < 0.01). Thirty-eight subjects belonging to group TP had EC in 186 teeth (15%). In group C, 26 subjects with 56 teeth (4.5%) were affected by EC (p < 0.001). Twenty-seven subjects in group TP had 97 teeth (7.7%) with recessions. Lingual surfaces of anterior teeth in the lower jaw were affected most frequently (74%). In group C, 8 subjects had 19 teeth (1.5%) with recessions (65% vestibular). Differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Tongue piercing is correlated with an increased occurrence of enamel fissures, enamel cracks and lingual recessions. Patients need better information on the potential complications associated with tongue piercing.
... 4 More severe complications include airway obstruction secondary to edema of the tongue and diffuse bleeding. 6,24 A number of authors described life-threatening complications after tongue piercing. 18,19 In 5-20% of all cases, piercing leads to local bacterial hollow needle. ...
... 8 A wide variety of case reports describing oral complications of tongue piercing have since been published. 6,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Moreover, the ©2009 Seer Publishing LLC involve allergic reactions/complications caused by the presence of a metal foreign body in the tissue and the release of ions. Every fifth piercing, for example, is the cause of inflammation and allergic reactions. ...
The aims of this review of the literature are to offer further insights into possible problems related to tongue piercing and present three case reports showing undesired effects of tongue piercing.
From a dental perspective, oral piercings and especially tongue piercings are not a harmless fashion trend since they can be associated with local and systemic risks and complications. A search of the literature was conducted to investigate the documentation of health risks associated with tongue piercing using the MEDLINE database as well as the German literature.
The literature contains numerous case reports, a limited number of studies, and a review describing a wide variety of complications, especially in patients who have undergone tongue piercing. In the majority of cases, the piercing of the tongue is performed in the midline. Piercings are made of different materials, usually metal or synthetic materials. Complications during piercing, immediately following piercing, as well as long term were found.
The three cases presented here demonstrate some of those adverse effects. The most commonly described oral complication is the damage of teeth and the periodontium caused by tongue piercings. Tongue piercing is a personal decision, but it is important that patients are fully aware of possible oral health hazards.
Patients need better information on the potential complications associated with tongue piercing. Dental practitioners should educate patients about potential side effects and possible oral, dental, and systemic complications.
... In addition, scar tissue resulting from piercing the areola can constrict a duct during lactation (Tweeten & Rickman, 1998). There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996 ). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
... There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996 ). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
This study examined the clinical usefulness of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ). Thirty postoperative patients were asked to describe their postoperative pain and were then administered the SF-MPQ. Eighteen (60%) used exact SF-MPQ sensory or affective words or synonyms to describe their postoperative pain during the interview. These results provide further evidence of the clinical relevance of the SF-MPQ sensory and affective scales. Pain descriptions by patients that go beyond pain intensity descriptions may communicate more precise information about the pain and lead to more effective pain interventions. Patients with difficulty describing their pain might be assisted by using the SF-MPQ.
... There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
... There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
This descriptive, correlational study surveyed 79 pierced and/or tattooed participants to determine reasons why people pierce and tattoo their bodies and to assess participants' knowledge of health risks involved in body alteration procedures. Participants queried represented a wide age range-between 19 and 55. Results showed that participants perceived few health risks involving piercing and tattooing and desired additional piercings and/or tattoos. Individual expression was an important body alteration motivation for both piercing and tattooing. These findings underscore the importance of health care professionals' maintaining nonjudgmental attitudes about those who alter their bodies, there by facilitating important health education concerning related health risks. Suggestions for nursing applications are discussed.
... In addition, scar tissue resulting from piercing the areola can constrict a duct during lactation (Tweeten & Rickman, 1998). There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996 ). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
... There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996 ). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
This study investigated the effects of selected variables on quality of life (QOL) in persons living with HIV. Eighty-one HIV-positive adults completed a demographic questionnaire, the Sickness Impact Profile, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and a fatigue visual analog scale. Blood samples were collected for CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ Lymphocyte numbers. Based on an expanded psychoneuroimmunology model, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which four blocks of variables predicted variance in quality of life. These included sociodemographics, depression, immune status, and fatigue. Findings revealed that work status, depression, and fatigue predicted 58% of the variance in QOL in persons with HIV Findings support the need for routine assessment and management of depression and fatigue in persons living with HIV.
... In addition, scar tissue resulting from piercing the areola can constrict a duct during lactation (Tweeten & Rickman, 1998). There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996 ). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
... There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996 ). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
Caregiving is both an art and a science; both knowledge and skills are necessary to improve the quality of care that professionals provide. Researchers are often limited in their assessment of skill performance due to inadequate and unrealistic measurement options. Simulation using standardized patients offers researchers an objective method to evaluate skill performance. This article describes the use of simulations by researchers in their quest to measure changes in violence prevention skills after an intervention program given to nurse assistants working in long-term care facilities.
... In addition, scar tissue resulting from piercing the areola can constrict a duct during lactation (Tweeten & Rickman, 1998). There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996 ). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
... There are particular risks associated with oral piercings, such as dental fractures (Botchway & Kuc, 1998) and speech impediment (Reichl & Dailey, 1996 ). Aspiration is also considered a risk because those with mouth piercings may play with the jewelry, thereby dislodging it (Reichl & Dailey, 1996). ...
Family caregiving within institutional settings is a neglected area of research In an era of cost containment, more and more is being asked of families of institutionalized persons. This article presents the results of a study designed to investigate family caregiving following the admission of an elderly relative to a long-term care facility. Beginning with a brief summary of findings from previous research, the article reports on visiting and task performance by families within the long-term care facility. Continuing with descriptions of families' satisfaction with institutional care and their care-related learning needs, the article concludes with recommendations for policy and practice.
... They are considered as particularly dangerous complications in the area of the tongue due to its profuse vascularization (17,27,28). Other local complications include nerve damage and paresthesia which might lead to impaired functions of deglutition, mastication and speech (22), generation of galvanic currents between oral jewelry and metallic dental or prosthetic restorations, swelling or pain of the area adjacent, interference in speech, mastication and swallowing of the ornament after its placement, as well as allergic reaction in particularly in case of nickel, chromium, nickel-cobalt or other metals content in the ornament (2,29,30). Intraoral jewelry may also lead to Candida albicans colonization (31). Furthermore, a study by Lopez-Jornet (20) indicates that in a group of 97 patients with oral piercing 4,1% ...
Introduction and purpose Over the years piercing has become popular as a form of art and self-expression that may concern various areas of the body. However, it may pose significant risks to health. This literature review aims to provide insight into the matter of oral piercing and to examine recent studies investigating the implications of oral piercing on health. It emphasizes the necessity of promoting education regarding this matter and points out the most significant preventive measures such as regular dental examinations and maintaining proper hygiene that should be taken to minimize the negative consequences of oral piercing on health. The state of knowledge According to the examined studies investigating the implications of oral piercing on health, a wide range of complications have been reported. Gingival recession, damage to dentition and gingivitis should be mentioned among the most frequently discussed. Moreover, studies have demonstrated a correlation between the severity of complications and the location of the piercing, specifying the adverse effects of the piercing within lip and tongue areas in particular. They have also underscored the impact of prolongated wear time on the risk of complications, indicating the elevated risk associated with extended periods of wear time. Conclusions To minimize adverse effects of oral piercing on health, it is crucial to underscore the role of proper education in this field and the importance of taking preventive measures such as performing the piercing procedure by well qualified professionals who endure sterile work conditions and maintaining proper aftercare of the ornament. The role of regular dental examinations taken in order to detect and treat potential complications at early stages is also vital.
... 5,[9][10][11][12][13][14]17,18 Regarding oral and facial piercings, numerous dental problems have been reported comprising speech impediments, dental fractures, gingival erosion, and jewelry aspiration. 8,[19][20][21][22][23] Actually, some reported deadly complications made the American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) strongly opposes the practice of piercing intraoral and perioral tissues and the use of jewelry on intraoral and perioral tissues. 24,25 Despite the concerns of dental and medical professionals, orofacial piercing remains popular and the complications it causes are frequently seen by dental practitioners. ...
Aim:
The aim of this web-based questionnaire was to survey dental students to obtain their perception and knowledge of oral and facial piercings.
Materials and methods:
The participants comprised 240 students enrolled in the dental school who were asked to complete 20 close-ended, yes/no, yes/no/do not know, and multiple responses questions. The questionnaire covers general information concerning oral/facial piercing, triggers why youths and early adults get it, probable complications, their appreciation of the possibility of related health conditions, and their knowledge and perception. The survey was distributed to the students by email. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed.
Results:
Dental first year (D1) and dental second year (D2) were substantially more likely to indicate that orofacial piercings as unacceptable and are less expected to have an orofacial piercing compared to D3 and D4 (p < 0.01). About 16.8% of the students reported previous orofacial piercings. There was a definite correlation between previous orofacial piercings and thinking that is appropriate in society (p < 0.05). Males were significantly more likely to have an orofacial piercing (p < 0.01). The Internet was reported as the most common source of information. The most popular cause for piercings is to be unique and different.
Conclusions:
Orofacial piercings are relatively frequently used by students in dental school and few students intend on getting one in the future. Knowledge of the hazards of orofacial piercing correlated with the requirement for parental approval. The majority of students think piercings are appropriate in society and know their complications and risks.
Clinical significance:
Orofacial piercing has been gaining popularity but its risks/complications may not be known by practitioners. There is a need for research to assist dental/medical practitioners in advising, educating, and safeguarding patients by evaluating of the perception and knowledge of students about orofacial piercings.
... The lesions are usually limited to enamel and dentin but the pulp may also be involved 5,7,9,17,44 . Tongue piercings are the main reported cause of damage to the dentition 4,7,9,20,25,[51][52][53] . A possible reason for the damage to teeth is that the beaded jewellery may become trapped between the teeth during speaking, mastication and/or intentional interposition. ...
... Edema frequently develops after a tongue piercing, so a longer barbell is recommended initially. 53 Switching to a shorter barbell reduces the damage to the dentition and gingiva. Of note, beaded jewelry may become trapped between the teeth. ...
THE COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE Tattoos, piercing, and scarification are now commonplace among adolescents and young adults. This first clinical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics on voluntary body modification will review the methods used to perform the modifications. Complications resulting from body modification methods, although not common, are discussed to provide the pediatrician with management information. Body modification will be contrasted with nonsuicidal self-injury. When available, information also is presented on societal perceptions of body modification. abstract Tattoos, piercings, and scarification, also known as "body modifications, " are commonly obtained by adolescents and young adults. Previous reports on those who obtain tattoos, piercings, and scarification have focused mainly on high-risk populations, including at-risk adolescents. 1 Tattooing and piercing of various body parts no longer is a high-risk-population phenomenon, as evidenced by growing numbers of adults and adolescents not considered at risk who have tattoos and multiple ear and body piercings. The Pew Research Center reports that in 2010, 38% of 18 to 29 year olds had at least 1 tattoo, and 23% had piercings in locations other than an earlobe. 2 Of those with tattoos, 72% were covered and not visible. 2 Scarification is the practice of intentionally irritating the skin to cause a permanent pattern of scar tissue; data are not currently available on the prevalence of scarification in the United States. Although body modifications have become a mainstream trend, they still may be associated with medical complications and, among adolescents, may also co-occur with high-risk behaviors. This first clinical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics on tattooing, piercing, and scarification discusses the history of these methods of body modification, educates the reader on methods used, reports on trends in associated adolescent and young adult risk behaviors, differentiates between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and body modifications, and educates the reader about how to anticipate and prevent potential medical complications. The report analyzes the literature about societal acceptance of people with body modifications and perceptions that State laws are subject to change, and other state laws and regulations may impact the interpretation of this listing. Drs Breuner and Levine shared responsibility for all aspects of writing and editing the document and reviewing and responding to questions and comments from reviewers and the Board of Directors, and approve the final manuscript as submitted.
... Edema frequently develops after a tongue piercing, so a longer barbell is recommended initially. 53 Switching to a shorter barbell reduces the damage to the dentition and gingiva. Of note, beaded jewelry may become trapped between the teeth. ...
Tattoos, piercing, and scarification are now commonplace among adolescents and young adults. This first clinical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics on voluntary body modification will review the methods used to perform the modifications. Complications resulting from body modification methods, although not common, are discussed to provide the pediatrician with management information. Body modification will be contrasted with nonsuicidal self-injury. When available, information also is presented on societal perceptions of body modification.
... Late or chronic complications include chipping or fracture of teeth [19], trauma to the gingiva [14,19], localized tissue overgrowth [19,20], persistent difficulties in oral functions [1,21], and swallowing of the device or device parts [4,14,22]. ...
The most commonly pierced intraoral sites are the lips and tongue. Less frequently pierced intraoral locations are the cheek, uvula and lingual frenum [4]. As many as 10.5 percent of 446 undergraduate university students surveyed admitted to have their tongue pierced [5]. Abstract Body piercing is one of the oldest forms of adornment and body modification [1]. Mayans pierced their tongues for spiritual purposes and in North America; body piercing was a tradition of the Native Americans [2]. Body piercing and other body modifications have increased tremendously in popularity in recent years and have started to be practiced across many social and age groups [3]. Ears, nose, tongue, navel, eyebrows, cheeks, lips and any other body site you can think of are the sites where the piercing is done. According to most, body piercing is trendy, fashionable and a sign of maturity and individuality. This form of art is popular form of self-expression among the college students, models, rock stars and stage artists.
... Countries such as United states of America and United kingdom reported carrying out at least 30,000 new piercings per year in the late 1990s. [5][6][7] Of significance to the dental profession is the increasing popularity of tongue and lip piercings, which is the insertion of jewelry into soft oral tissues including the lips, cheeks and tongue [ Figure 1]. [8] Rarely, it may also involve other oral sites, like the uvula [ Figure 2]. ...
... Countries such as United states of America and United kingdom reported carrying out at least 30,000 new piercings per year in the late 1990s. [5][6][7] Of significance to the dental profession is the increasing popularity of tongue and lip piercings, which is the insertion of jewelry into soft oral tissues including the lips, cheeks and tongue [ Figure 1]. [8] Rarely, it may also involve other oral sites, like the uvula [ Figure 2]. ...
Piercing is a more prevalent ancient form of body art all over the world, recently popularity attained in Western society. For centuries, piercing was part of many cultures and religious rites. Ancient Egyptians pierced their navels to signify royalty, Roman centurions wore nipple rings as a sign of virility and courage and Mayans pierced their tongues for spiritual purposes, The Eskimos and Aleuts pierced the lips of female infants as part of a purifcation ritual and the lower lip of the boys as part of passage into puberty. It is that apparent that oral piercings are becoming much more prevalent in today’s society. Popular sites for body piercing include the ears, eyebrows, lips, nose, nipples, navel, penis, scrotum, labia, clitoris and tongue. Oral body art, as it is referred to, usually involves piercing of the tongue, cheeks, lips or uvula. The lip is the most commonly pierced site, but tongue piercing is becoming more prevalent. Due to increase in oral piercing, it is important for dental and medical professionals to have knowledge about piercings to educate their patients concerning risk factors, complications and optimal homecare for piercings.
... Además, después de colocar el piercing en la lengua es frecuente que exista edema, por lo tanto, inicialmente se recomienda que el pendiente ten-ga una barra larga. También se han descrito casos en los que se han producido desgarros de la lengua 62 . ...
Tattoos and piercings are considered fashionable ornaments and body art, and they are a social reality. Their popularity have grown and it has been noted that between 3 and 8% of the general population wear a tattoo, and between 8 and 50% had made some piercing. But these prac- tices are not limited to teenagers, as evidenced by the growing number of adults with multiple piercings and tattoos. Accordingly an increase number of associated complications are observed in dermatological practice. These complications occur mainly by two factors: the material used and the anatomical peculiarities of the area where it is placed. Other factors as hygiene performed after the piercing or tattoo may be of certain importance. In addition, the wearing of tattoos and/or piercing is a greater risk of substance abuse, sexual activity, eating disorders, suicide, and increased drug use and increased frequency of violence, characteristics that may exacerbate some complications. The most com- mon complications are the infectious diseases, especially local infections, followed by allergic reactions.
... As jewellery used in oral piercings always consists of two parts there is a risk that the jewellery could accidentally separate and be inhaled by the individual. 5 Infection and allergic response A review of literature concerning medical complications following piercings found that a high number of people experienced bacterial infection at the site of the piercing resulting in blistering, pus and redness and some experienced dry skin and tenderness. Many of the problems were reported to have occurred as a result of inadequate after care instructions. ...
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... En ce qui concerne la population américaine, l'enquête de la société Vault [7] s'intéressant au lien entre piercing et marché du travail montre que 20 % des sujets sondés (représentatifs de la population américaine) ont un ou plusieurs piercings (13 % un, 5 % deux et 2 % trois ou plus) ; 7 % de ces piercings sont localisés dans la langue. La langue est le site de perçage le plus commun en ce qui concerne la sphère buccale [24]. ...
... As the tongue is the most commonly pierced intraoral site, dental professionals are encountering a growing number of patients with tongue jewellery (5)(6)(7). In the majority of cases, piercing of the tongue is performed in the midline (8). Barbell-shaped devices are among the most widely used tongue piercings. ...
Body piercing enjoys a widespread popularity among juveniles and young people. The tongue is the most commonly pierced oral site. Tongue jewellery, however, can damage the teeth and periodontium and may provide an ideal environment for microorganisms. The aim of this report was to investigate if and in case in which amount periodontopathogenic organisms can be found at tongue piercing sites.
Patients with tongue piercings visiting the authors' dental office for a dental check-up volunteered. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the type of material used in the piercing, the time the device was in place, oral and piercing hygiene practices and smoking habits. The dental examination included an oral hygiene index and the periodontal screening index. From the surface of the piercing jewellery adjacent to the tongue perforation, microbiological samples were collected and analysed for the presence of 11 periodontopathogenic bacteria.
A total of 12 patients with tongue piercing were asked and examined. Their tongue piercings had been in place between 2 and 8 years. The microbiological analysis showed an increased or substantially increased concentration of periodontopathogenic bacteria in all cases. It became obvious that the longer a piercing had been in place, the more pronounced was the shift from bacteria with a moderate periodontopathogenic potential to bacteria with a high periodontopathogenic potential.
Tongue piercing provides a potential reservoir for periodontopathogenic bacteria.
... Both types of piercing are removable. Research has shown that lip and tongue piercing may lead to chipping and fracturing of teeth and restorations, pulp damage, cracked tooth syndrome, tooth abrasion, pain, swelling and infections (53)(54)(55). In some cases, this practice has led to the transmission of hepatitis B and C, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr, candida and HIV. ...
During the past 30 years, the number of aetiologies of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) has increased dramatically in the literature and now includes a broad spectrum of variables, including oral and environmental factors and human behaviour. The aim of this study is to present an international review of well-known as well as less well-known unintentional and intentional causes of TDIs. Moreover, some models that are useful in investigating contact sport injuries are presented.
The databases of Medline, Cochrane, Social Citation Index, Science Citation Index and CINAHL from 1995 to the present were used.
Oral factors (increased overjet with protrusion), environmental determinants (material deprivation) and human behaviour (risk-taking children, children being bullied, emotionally stressful conditions, obesity and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) were found to increase the risk for TDIs. Other factors increasing the risk for TDIs are presence of illness, learning difficulties, physical limitations and inappropriate use of teeth. A new cause of TDIs that is of particular interest is oral piercing. In traffic facial injury was similar in unrestrained occupants (no seat belts) and occupants restrained only with an air bag. Amateur athletes have been found to suffer from TDIs more often than professional athletes. Falls and collisions mask intentional TDIs, such as physical abuse, assaults and torture. Violence has increased in severity during the past few decades and its role has been underestimated when looking at intentional vs unintentional TDIs. There are useful models to prevent TDIs from occurring in sports. WHO Healthy Cities and WHO Health Promoting Schools Programmes offer a broad solution for dental trauma as a public health problem.
The number of known causes of TDIs has grown to alarming levels, probably because of increased interest of the causes and the underlying complexity of a TDI. Accepted oral, environmental and human aetiological factors must therefore be included in the registration of TDIs.
... P. aeruginosa has also been reported to occur in others when appear as a peculiar artifact if the patient is unwilling or unable to remove it [44]. Reichle and Dailey [45] point to the potential ear piercings involve the auricular cartilage. Turkeltaub and Habal [55] reported a case of acute chondritis following ear for airway obstruction due to the edema associated with tongue piercing. ...
Body piercing appears to be gaining in popularity and social acceptance. With the increase in the number of piercings, it
is likely that health care providers may see an increase in the complications resulting from these piercings. These may include
the transmission of hepatitis viruses and bacteria at the time of the piercing or in the course of wound care. We review the
infectious complications that have resulted from body piercing and have been documented in the medical literature.
... 19 Late or chronic complications include chipping or fracture of teeth, 12,[16][17][18] trauma to the gingiva, 12,18 localized tissue overgrowth, 12,20 persistent difficulties in oral functions, 10,16 and swallowing of the device or device parts. 6,11,18 Despite these numerous reports, there appear to be no clinical studies assessing any of the potentially significant parameters and their impact on specific oral/dental complications. In addition, no studies have clinically assessed the prevalence of oral/dental complications of tongue piercing in a population obtained from a non-dental setting. ...
The increasing popularity of tongue piercing has prompted several case reports documenting oral complications of this practice. However, there are no studies assessing potentially significant parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of time (years of wear) and tongue barbell size (stem length) on gingival recession and tooth chipping.
Fifty-two adults (mean age 22) with tongue piercings were examined for gingival recession on the lingual aspect of the 12 anterior teeth and for tooth chipping anywhere in the mouth. Subjects were grouped according to years of wear (0 to 2, 2 to 4, and 4+ years) and barbell stem length (long > or =1.59 cm, or short <1.59 cm). Data analysis was based on binomial test and non-parametric tests.
No subject with a tongue piercing <2 years (group 0-2) exhibited lingual recession or tooth chipping. Lingual recession was found on mandibular central incisors in 50% of subjects wearing long barbells for 2 or more years. Tooth chipping was found on molars and premolars in 47% of subjects with a tongue piercing for 4+ years.
Tongue piercing is associated with lingual recession of mandibular anterior teeth and chipping of posterior teeth. Long-term use of a tongue barbell increases the prevalence of these complications. Barbell stem length appears to differentially affect prevalence of recession and chipping. Since the overwhelming majority of subjects with tongue piercings are young adults, cessation efforts are needed to target this population.
##Introduction Oral and peri-oral piercings have increased in popularity in recent years. As a result, general dental practitioners are more frequently seeing the destructive effects within the oral cavity. In this paper we will discuss two cases of gingival injury as a result of lip and tongue piercings, and their management.
##Discussion The purpose of this paper is to highlight the potential negative effects of oral and peri-oral piercings, and the possible treatment options available, so that the dental team can discuss these with patients.
##Conclusion These cases highlight the destructive effect of oral and peri-oral piercings on the gingival tissues, while demonstrating a treatment option to deal with gingival recession.
The Comet Assay, also called single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), is a sensitive and rapid technique for quantifying and analyzing DNA damage in individual cells. This is one of the techniques used in the area of cancer research for the evaluation of genotoxicity and effectiveness of chemoprevention. Ostling & Johansson developed this technique in 1984. The Comet Assay can be used to detect DNA damage caused by double strand breaks, single strand breaks, alkali labile sites, oxidative base damage, and DNA cross-linking with DNA or protein. The Comet Assay is also used to monitor DNA repair by living cells. It has been reported that smokers have higher level of DNA damage in nasal epithelial cells and buccal cells. Comet assay is an excellent screening test for exposures that may be DNA damaging even in the oral cavity. Keywords: Comet assay, DNA, genotoxicity, carcinogenesis, single cell gel electrophoresis.
LINGUAL PIERCING: DENTAL ANATOMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY TRAUMA AND ABRASION (Abstract): Rising popularity of lingual piercing among young people alarm doctors everywhere. The tongue is the most prevalent oral piercing site, typically pierced in the midline and just anterior to the lingual frenum. The purpose of this study to highlight the side effects of lingual piercing, paying particular attention to dental anatomy changes pursuant to this unusual practice. The evaluated patients in this study were not aware or informed of any consequences that could result from the piercing procedure. Long-term chronic complications arise as a result of the constant trauma exerted by the metal bar, such as broken teeth, fracture of fillings, abrasion, gingival trauma, localized gingival recession. Dentists should be aware of the sequelae that may occur as a result of this practice and to perform an active role in convincing these patients to remove these ornaments.
LINGUAL PIERCING: DENTAL ANATOMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY TRAUMA AND ABRASION (Abstract): Rising popularity of lingual piercing among young people alarm doctors everywhere. The tongue is the most prevalent oral piercing site, typically pierced in the midline and just anterior to the lingual frenum. The purpose of this study to highlight the side effects of lingual piercing, paying particular attention to dental anatomy changes pursuant to this unusual practice. The evaluated patients in this study were not aware or informed of any consequences that could result from the piercing procedure. Long-term chronic complications arise as a result of the constant trauma exerted by the metal bar, such as broken teeth, fracture of fillings, abrasion, gingival trauma, localized gingival recession. Dentists should be aware of the sequelae that may occur as a result of this practice and to perform an active role in convincing these patients to remove these ornaments.
Resumen: Recientemente, el uso de aretes faciales y orales se ha incrementado de forma notable. Algunos estudios clínicos e informes de casos han presentado los daños asociados a estos aditamentos orales. En la cavidad bucal, los aretes se utilizan principalmente en el labio inferior y la lengua. El de lengua, que es el más común (81 %), provoca daños en los incisivos inferiores, principalmente a nivel periodontal por lingual. El de labio (38 %) afecta la parte vestibular del mismo segmento. Diferentes condiciones patológicas están asociadas al uso de los aretes bucales, incluyendo edema, dolor, inflamación, reacciones ante el cuerpo extraño, angina de Ludwig, dientes fracturados, infecciones, pérdidas óseas y dehiscencias, así como la caída de los dientes, entre otros. En este artículo, se muestra un caso clínico de una paciente que portaba un arete lingual, el cual le ocasionó pérdida de un incisivo inferior. Un deber primordial del odontólogo es advertir a los pacientes acerca de los efectos indeseables que pueden producir estos aditamentos orales en diferentes partes de la cavidad bucal. Palabras clave: Recesión gingival, pérdida ósea, lesiones orales, arete lingual. Abstract: Recently, the use of oral and facial piercing has increased dramatically. Some case reports and very few clinical studies have presented the harms associated with these oral attachments. In the mouth, the earrings are mainly used in the lower lip and tongue. In particular, the tongue piercing, which is the most common (81%), causes periodontal damage behind the lower incisors, mainly on the lingual side. The lip (38%), affects the vestibular part of the same segment. Various pathological conditions are associated with the use of oral piercing, including swelling, pain, inflammation, foreign body reactions, Ludwig's angina, fractured teeth, infection, bone loss and dehiscence, loss of teeth, among others. This article reports a case of a patient who wore a tongue ring, which caused her the loss of a lower incisor. A dentist's primary duty is to warn the patients about the adverse effects which can produce these oral attachments in different parts of the oral cavity.
Tattooing, and more invasive procedures, with distortion or mutilation of body parts has been commonplace in some cultures for centuries. Body art is the term usually applied to tattooing and the wearing of jewellery in unconventional sites. In the developed world, body art has become popular, especially in adolescence as one means of self expression. Oral or facial piercings are now commonplace and therefore, dentists should be in a position to advise patients.
Zusammenfassung: Piercing, d. h. das Durchstechen der Haut bzw. Schleimhaut zum Zweck der Befestigung eines (meist metallischen) Schmuckelements, sowie die (meist mehrfarbige) Tätowierung der Haut erfreuen sich zunehmender Beliebtheit vor allem in jüngeren Altersgruppen der Gesellschaft. Dabei wird allgemein unterschätzt, daß diese als modern geltenden und die individuelle Ausstrahlungskraft angeblich steigernden Praktiken zur Körperverschönerung (body art) mit verschiedenen unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen assoziiert sein können. Hier sind vor allem Infektionen zu nennen. Zu den wichtigsten bakteriellen Infektionserregern zählen dabei Staphylococcus aureus, A-Streptokokken und Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bei den Viren sind vor allem Hepatitis-B-Virus und Hepatitis-C-Virus zu nennen. Neben bakteriellen Lokalinfektionen unterschiedlichen Schweregrads kann es auch zu systemischen Infektionen (Sepsis, Endokarditis) kommen. Die wichtigsten Aspekte der Diagnostik, Therapie und Prophylaxe werden dargelegt und diskutiert.Infections Due to Body Piercing and Tattoos – a ReviewSummary: Piercing, i. e. perforation of skin or mucous membranes in order to attach mostly metallic jewellery as well as multicoloured skin tattooing have become more popular than ever before and a considerable number of (young) people practise these methods of body art which are supposed to increase the individuality. But there is a lot of side effects, among them especially infections. The most important bacteria cultivated from such patients are Staphylococcus aureus, group A streptococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viruses which can be transmitted by piercing or tattooing are especially hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. Besides local bacterial infections also systemic infections (sepsis, endocarditis) occur. The main aspects of diagnostics, therapy and prevention are discussed.
Tongue piercing is becoming increasingly common among adolescents in the United States. These piercings come with several known complications such as pain, local infection, and minor bleeding. We present the case as well as management strategy of a 16-year-old adolescent girl with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who developed a significant hemorrhage following tongue piercing with subsequent clinical shock and diabetic ketoacidosis. Practitioners and patients alike should be aware that this routine procedure may lead to significant, even life-threatening, consequences.
Thesis (M.S.) -- Pacific University, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 30-31).
The authors present a case report on body piercing involving oral sites. Common locations and types of oral jewelry and piercing techniques are discussed. Oral considerations of intraoral piercing are emphasized.
The case presented is designed to draw attention to the increasingly common occurrence of tooth fracture as a result of trauma incurred from a barbell inserted during tongue piercing. Oral piercing is on the rise. Of concern to health personnel are the associated risks, which include damage to dentition, infection, speech impediment and nerve damage. Also of concern is the belief that in some cases, clients considering body piercing may not be receiving sufficient care instructions, hence putting them at greater risk of post-operative complications. We conclude that a public health campaign in the form of health promotion and education is mandatory to ensure safe responsible piercing, and recommend that workshops, forums and educational leaflets aimed at the piercers, the clientele and the health care workers be developed in Alberta.
Although oral piercing has been an uncommon practice in the Western world, the insertion of metal objects into intra-oral and peri-oral pierced sites is growing in popularity. Tongue piercing is one such practice whereby a metal barbell is inserted into the tongue after piercing with a 14-16 gauge needle. Pain, swelling and infection are the most serious consequences associated with this procedure. Other adverse outcomes include mucosal or gingival trauma, chipped or fractured teeth, increased salivary flow, calculus build-up, and interference with speech, mastication and swallowing. This article presents a case report on tongue piercing and highlights the procedure involved. Special attention is given to complications and dental implications associated with such an unusual practice.
The insertion of metal objects into intraoral and perioral sites is growing in popularity. However, there are numerous oral and dental complications associated with tongue piercing. Fifteen patients with tongue piercings (pierced in the body of the tongue, anterior to the lingual frenum) attending the dental office of the authors, with and without complaints, were clinically and radiographically examined. The most common dental problem registered was chipping of teeth. Furthermore, two cracked teeth and four teeth with cusp fractures were also seen. One case of selective dental abrasion was registered. Trauma to the lingual anterior gingiva was the most common gingival problem. A salivary flow stimulating effect was only reported by 2 of the 15 individuals. None of the patients complained of interference with speech, mastication and swallowing. One case of galvanic currents produced by the appliance was registered. On the basis of the registered data, we concluded that patients need to be better informed of the potential complications associated with tongue and oral piercings, and that the dental profession can serve this role.
More women are participating in sports at all levels. This article presents information for dental professionals to enhance awareness of emerging issues in women's oral health, with specific emphasis on female athletes. These issues include the prevalence, prediction, and prevention of sports-related traumatic orofacial injuries as well as fads and habits such as tongue piercing, smokeless tobacco, eating disorders, and performance-enhancing drugs.
The number of adolescents and young adults undergoing intraoral piercing is increasing in the United States. Numerous articles have documented complications following intraoral piercing. This article presents a case of prolonged bleeding and reviews other documented sequelae following intraoral piercing. The article may serve as a guide to dental professionals whose patients seek advice regarding these procedures.
Elective oral piercing as a form of ornamentation or self-expression appears to be gaining popularity in New Zealand and around the world. Several reports of the dangers associated with this practice appear in the dental and medical literature. This report presents a case of rapid, severe gingival recession in a previously periodontally-healthy young female, arising from trauma due to her lip piercing. The aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of her condition are outlined, as well as criteria for the dental community to consider when evaluating patients with facial piercing. The report highlights some of the dangers associated with oral piercing and raises questions concerning potential risk factors for such trauma.
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