No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Symptoms Associated With Infant Teething: A Prospective Study
Pediatrics
Abstract
Studies of infant teething have been retrospective, small, or conducted on institutionalized infants.
To conduct a large, prospective study of healthy infants to determine which symptoms may be attributed to teething and to attempt to predict tooth emergence from an infant's symptoms.
Prospective cohort. Setting. Clinic-based pediatric group practice.
One hundred twenty-five consecutive well children of consenting Cleveland Clinic employees.
Parents daily recorded 2 tympanic temperatures, presence or absence of 18 symptoms, and all tooth eruptions in their infants, from the 4-month well-child visit until the child turned 1 year old.
Daily symptom data were available for 19 422 child-days and 475 tooth eruptions. Symptoms were only significantly more frequent in the 4 days before a tooth emergence, the day of the emergence, and 3 days after it, so this 8-day window was defined as the teething period. Increased biting, drooling, gum-rubbing, sucking, irritability, wakefulness, ear-rubbing, facial rash, decreased appetite for solid foods, and mild temperature elevation were all statistically associated with teething. Congestion, sleep disturbance, stool looseness, increased stool number, decreased appetite for liquids, cough, rashes other than facial rashes, fever over 102 degrees F, and vomiting were not significantly associated with tooth emergence. Although many symptoms were associated with teething, no symptom occurred in >35% of teething infants, and no symptom occurred >20% more often in teething than in nonteething infants. No teething child had a fever of 104 degrees F and none had a life-threatening illness.
Many mild symptoms previously thought to be associated with teething were found in this study to be temporally associated with teething. However, no symptom cluster could reliably predict the imminent emergence of a tooth. Before caregivers attribute any infants' signs or symptoms of a potentially serious illness to teething, other possible causes must be ruled out.teething, tooth eruption, teeth, deciduous dentition.
... 32 Three studies had been conducted in India, 8,13,30 and two each in Australia, 9,21 Turkey, 15,22 Iran, 11,16 and Nigeria. 24,27 One study each was from Poland, 17 Singapore, 18 the United States, 31 and Saudi Arabia 19 ( Table 2). Eighteen of the studies were conducted in a hospital-based setting [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]22,23,25,27,31 whereas seven were conducted in a community-based setting. ...
... 24,27 One study each was from Poland, 17 Singapore, 18 the United States, 31 and Saudi Arabia 19 ( Table 2). Eighteen of the studies were conducted in a hospital-based setting [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]22,23,25,27,31 whereas seven were conducted in a community-based setting. 21,24,26,[28][29][30]32 The characteristics of the included studies have been presented in Table 2. ...
... Twelve studies were cross-sectional in design 10,11,13,19,21,22,24,[26][27][28][29][30] : 10 studies had a prospective design 8,9,11,14,15,17,18,20,31,32 whereas two studies had a retrospective design. 23,25 One study was nested in a randomized controlled trial but had a cross-sectional analytical pattern. ...
Background
Eruption of primary teeth is associated with local and systemic manifestations. Understanding the global prevalence is necessary to formulate the standard guidelines for management.
Aim
To evaluate the global prevalence of problems associated with teething in infants and children aged 0–36 months.
Design
PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched on May 31, 2023, and it was updated on January 31, 2024. Gray literature and reference search were performed. Cross‐sectional, case–control, and cohort studies done in hospital or community settings, reporting the prevalence of signs and symptoms during the eruption of primary teeth in infants aged 0–36 months, were included. Two reviewers extracted data using a pre‐piloted sheet. Data were analyzed and pooled by using random‐effects meta‐analyses.
Results
Twenty‐five studies were included. The global prevalence of teething problems was 80.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.8–89.9). The most common local symptom was increased biting (65.9%, 95% CI 37.5–89.3), and irritability (60.7%, 95% CI 50.6–70.3) was the most common general symptom.
Conclusion
The pooled prevalence of teething problems was estimated to be 80%. There was a variability in the prevalence of teething problems based on geographic location.
... Systemic symptoms include irritability, fever, restless sleep, the loss of appetite, crying, diarrhea, constipation, colic, vomiting, coughing due to hypersalivation, nasal discharge, strong urine odor, and stomach ache. 1,2,[4][5][6] However, these symptoms vary from baby to baby. It remains unclear whether the eruption of primary teeth causes the disturbances or whether the symptoms coincide with tooth eruption. ...
... 1,12 In previous studies, healthcare professionals investigated the symptoms by providing common descriptive results. 2,5,6,[12][13][14][15][16][17] Only limited studies have evaluated opinions comparatively. 1,12,18,19 The present study aimed to compare the opinions and attitudes of medical doctors, dentists and mothers toward the symptoms of teething. ...
... The survey contained demographic factors and the signs/symptoms of teething (gingival irritation, drooling, irritability, sleep disturbance, biting/chewing, rash, loss of appetite, diarrhea, fever, ear rubbing, vomiting, cough, and stomach ache) that were frequently reported in previous studies. 1,2,[4][5][6] The participating healthcare providers were asked: "What is the average percentage of patients who consult you for teething complaints monthly?". In December 2019, the questionnaire was mailed to 800 randomly selected medical doctors and dentists working in the Central Aegean Region of Turkey. ...
Background:
The signs and symptoms associated with teething can be local or systemic. It remains unclear whether the disturbances are caused by the eruption of primary teeth or whether they simply coincide with tooth eruption. Parents and healthcare professionals can have different perceptions about teething symptoms, especially in different cultural or socio-economic contexts.
Objectives:
The study aimed to compare the opinions and attitudes of medical doctors, dentists and mothers toward the symptoms of teething.
Material and methods:
Data about the signs and symptoms was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was mailed in December 2019 to 800 randomly selected medical doctors and dentists working in the Central Aegean Region of Turkey. Mothers of children aged 0-3 years who were referred to the pediatric department were selected for the study. Data from 199 medical doctors (109 family physicians, 90 pediatricians), 293 dentists (169 general dentists, 124 pediatric dentists) and 352 mothers who completed the questionnaire was included in the study. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows program.
Results:
Each participant identified at least one symptom related to teething. Statistically significant differences were found between the 3 groups in terms of symptoms except for stomach ache (p < 0.05). Gingival irritation was the most common symptom among dentists (95.6%) and mothers (70.7%), while irritability was the most common symptom among medical doctors (90.5%). Mothers believed to a greater extent than the other groups that fever, vomiting and cough were associated with teething (p < 0.05), whereas medical doctors tended to point to drooling, irritability, biting/chewing, diarrhea, and ear rubbing more often than the other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, sleep disturbance and loss of appetite were associated with teething less frequently by mothers as compared to the other groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusions:
In the present study, medical doctors, dentists and mothers reported unproven and controversial associations between teething and certain local or systemic symptoms. Mothers especially were more likely to believe that systemic symptoms that can be confused with other serious diseases were associated with teething.
... Although tooth eruption is a physiological process, epidemiological studies in different communities throughout the world describe 60-90% rates of general or local signs and symptoms of teething reported by parents, caregivers and health care providers Peretz et al. 2003;Feldens et al. 2010;Kiran et al. 2011;Ramos-Jorge et al. 2011;Memarpour et al. 2015;Massignan et al. 2016). The manifestations most attributed to teething are irritability, pain, fever, diarrhea, increased salivation, a reduction in appetite and sleep disturbance (Macknin et al. 2000;Peretz et al. 2003;Feldens et al. 2010;Memarpour et al. 2015;Lopes-Silva et al. 2021). ...
... However, the outcome is based on the perceptions of parents or caregivers, which can be influenced by cultural aspects of the community and are subject to recall bias (Feldens et al. 2010;Lam et al. 2016). The other method is the day-to-day follow-up of the eruption of different tooth groups by a team of caregivers at a school or health center who record signs and symptoms that occur simultaneously, such as the daily reading of temperature Macknin et al. 2000;Ramos-Jorge et al. 2011;Memarpour et al. 2015). Although the exposure and outcome variables are collected with greater validity, such studies generally have a small sample size, which reduces the precision of the estimates, and the sample is composed of either highly selected or institutionalized children Macknin et al. 2000;Ramos-Jorge et al. 2011;Memarpour et al. 2015). ...
... The other method is the day-to-day follow-up of the eruption of different tooth groups by a team of caregivers at a school or health center who record signs and symptoms that occur simultaneously, such as the daily reading of temperature Macknin et al. 2000;Ramos-Jorge et al. 2011;Memarpour et al. 2015). Although the exposure and outcome variables are collected with greater validity, such studies generally have a small sample size, which reduces the precision of the estimates, and the sample is composed of either highly selected or institutionalized children Macknin et al. 2000;Ramos-Jorge et al. 2011;Memarpour et al. 2015). ...
Purpose:
Estimate the incidence of teething symptoms and investigate risk factors at three centers in different regions of Brazil.
Methods:
A prospective cohort study enrolled children at birth in the cities of Manaus (northern region), Porto Alegre (southern region) and Salvador (northeast region). Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables were collected at baseline and 6 months. At 12 months, data were collected on the child's health through structured interviews and dental examinations, including the primary outcome: occurrence of signs and symptoms of tooth eruption reported by parents. Statistical analysis involved Poisson regression with robust variance, with calculation of relative risks (RR).
Results:
The incidence of teething symptoms was 82.4% (238/289). The multivariate analysis revealed a higher occurrence of the outcome in the city of Salvador (RR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.23-1.58), when mother's education was more than 11 years (RR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.65), when a larger number of individuals resided in the home (RR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.02-1.29), when a smoker resided in the home (RR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.03-1.31) and when the child presented flu or cold in the first year of life (RR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.09-1.38). The most reported symptoms were fever (50.5%), irritability (42.6%), itching (40.8%) and diarrhea (35.3%). Most parents (82%) took some action to alleviate symptoms, including unprescribed systemic medication, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheic agents.
Conclusion:
Reports of teething symptoms were associated with the city investigated, socioeconomic factors of the families and characteristics of the child's health. A high rate of administering unprescribed medication was also found.
... It is a universal and recurrent process that is experienced by all children (Wake, Hesketh & Allen, 1999). It commences at 6 months of age and completes when children reach the age of 3 (Elbur et al., 2015;Bankole & Lawal, 2017), and is generally accompanied by symptoms (Macknin et al., 2000;McIntyre & McIntyre, 2002;Wake & Hesketh, 2002;Owais, Zawaideh & Al-Batayneh, 2010). Massignan et al. (2016) in their meta-analysis indicated that the overall prevalence of teething symptoms is as high as 70.5%. ...
... In this context, prospective studies on signs and symptoms of teething children have reported conflicting results in the association of diarrhea, fever, runny nose, and sleep disturbance with teething. Macknin et al. (2000) and Memarpour, Soltanimehr & Eskandarian (2015) could not find an association between diarrhea and fever with teething. Additionally, Macknin et al. (2000) could not find an association with sleep disturbance, while Memarpour, Soltanimehr & Eskandarian (2015) did find an association. ...
... Macknin et al. (2000) and Memarpour, Soltanimehr & Eskandarian (2015) could not find an association between diarrhea and fever with teething. Additionally, Macknin et al. (2000) could not find an association with sleep disturbance, while Memarpour, Soltanimehr & Eskandarian (2015) did find an association. In contrast, Ramos-Jorge et al. (2011) found an association between diarrhea, runny nose, sleep disturbance, and teething but did not find an association with fever. ...
Background
Parental knowledge of teething has been repeatedly investigated; however, little emphasis has been made on the associated sociodemographic factors with good knowledge of the parents and whether or not good knowledge is translated into adopting proper pain-relieving practices. The present study aims to firstly assess the knowledge level and practices of Saudi parents regarding teething and then explore associated sociodemographic variables with good knowledge of teething to determine the relation between parents’ knowledge of teething and their adoption of pain-relieving practices.
Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited parents from the social networking sites Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp, and they were asked to answer a pretested three-part internationally accepted questionnaire. Data were examined using descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient analysis.
Results
One thousand four hundred ninety-nine parents responded and returned completed questionnaires. Of those, only 11.2% had good knowledge of teething. The majority of parents did not have basic knowledge of the teething period as well as believed that teething was associated with a runny nose (87.5%), diarrhea (77.9%), and sleep disturbance (72%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that parents with no primary school education (Odds Ratio: 0.29), or those who had an intermediate or secondary education level (OR: 0.55 and 0.78) were less likely to have good knowledge compared with parents who had a university degree. However, parents who earned intermediate monthly income (OR: 6.63) were more likely to have good knowledge of teething. With regards to practices used to relieve teething pain, inappropriate practices were observed regarding bottle feeding at night to soothe the child’s pain (72%) and applying topical analgesics to rub the gum (72.4%). A significant positive correlation was found between the knowledge score and the practice score of both fathers and mothers ( r = 0.22 and 0.13, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
A very low percentage of Saudi parents, mainly those with the highest education level and intermediate monthly income, had good knowledge of teething, which translated into appropriate practices to soothe the child’s pain regardless of the parent’s gender. Saudi parents should receive anticipatory guidance related to teething from all health professionals to ensure an uneventful teething period for their children.
... While the oral health effects of tobacco and alcohol are relatively well known, the effects of illicit drug use may not be. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] year old homeless and at risk young people, and to recognise barriers and enablers in accessing dental services and resources to obtain and maintain optimal oral health. ...
... For many people, teething is perceived to cause significant discomfort to infants and substantial distress to the parents (Table 2). 1,2,10,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Disturbances are transient but may recur repeatedly during 4 to 36 months of age. Evidence regarding teething signs and symptoms is mostly subjective comments from parents, child care workers and/or health professionals. ...
... Nevertheless, more recent prospective studies reveal that most systemic teething signs and symptoms (fever, vomiting, facial rashes, sleep disturbances, stool looseness, decreased appetite for liquids, and cough) are due to other causes. 1,[16][17][18][19]22,24,32 Examples of these alternate causes are well documented in the literature, 27,[33][34][35][36][37][38] and include meningitis, bacterial infections, and herpes simplex virus infections. The latter are painful in their own right. ...
... Interestingly, some of these symptoms have been found by some researchers to actually occur along with teething. 17,18 Macknin et al. 17 and Jaber et al. 18 in separate studies found that teething was significantly associated with low grade fever, but the study by Wake et al. 4 did not find any relationship between fever and teething. Similarly, other symptoms such as decreased appetite for solid foods, biting, drooling, ear rubbing, gum rubbing, irritability, rash on the face, sucking and wakefulness were found by Macknin et al.,17 to be associated with teething unlike Wake et al., 4 who found no association with any of these. ...
... Interestingly, some of these symptoms have been found by some researchers to actually occur along with teething. 17,18 Macknin et al. 17 and Jaber et al. 18 in separate studies found that teething was significantly associated with low grade fever, but the study by Wake et al. 4 did not find any relationship between fever and teething. Similarly, other symptoms such as decreased appetite for solid foods, biting, drooling, ear rubbing, gum rubbing, irritability, rash on the face, sucking and wakefulness were found by Macknin et al.,17 to be associated with teething unlike Wake et al., 4 who found no association with any of these. ...
... 17,18 Macknin et al. 17 and Jaber et al. 18 in separate studies found that teething was significantly associated with low grade fever, but the study by Wake et al. 4 did not find any relationship between fever and teething. Similarly, other symptoms such as decreased appetite for solid foods, biting, drooling, ear rubbing, gum rubbing, irritability, rash on the face, sucking and wakefulness were found by Macknin et al.,17 to be associated with teething unlike Wake et al., 4 who found no association with any of these. These contradictory findings add to the controversy on teething symptoms, myths or facts, and make it even more difficult for the health-care worker to correctly advice the mothers. ...
Background
Teething is a natural and physiological process in growing infants. It is one of the major milestones in the development of the child and has been attributed to cause a myriad of problems to the infant.
Aim
This study sought to determine the knowledge, beliefs and practices of mothers from Owerri, South-East Nigeria on childhood teething.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study that involved 127 mothers who attended the infant immunisation clinic of Federal Medical Centre Owerri over 3 months from September to November 2018.
Results
Fifty-one (41.7%) infants had the eruption of the first tooth on or before 5 months of age. A good proportion 111 (87.4%) of mothers believed that tooth eruption in infants will come with illness, while 55 (43.3%) of the mothers had in the past experienced symptoms with teething in their babies. Seventy-three (57.5%) of the mothers use medications as prophylaxis for teething-associated problems. Mother's education did not significantly influence the use of teething prophylaxis (31.4% of mothers with tertiary education administered medications to their children during teething compared to 54.2% of mothers with lower educational background, P = 0.094, χ ² = 6.392).
Conclusion
Mothers in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria irrespective of their educational status still have wrong perceptions and beliefs about teething and majority routinely administer medications for presumed teething problems.
... Symptoms vary from infant to infant, and there is often disagreement regarding which of these symptoms can be attributed to teething, as some of these features may be explained by other undiagnosed nonteething etiologies such as a flu virus or other minor infections (McIntyre & McIntyre, 2002;Wake et al., 2000). Although controversial, systemic symptoms such as fever and diarrhea are also often attributed to teething (Macknin et al., 2000;Memarpour et al., 2015). Mild temperature elevation has been found to be associated with teething and is likely to be mistaken or misreported as a fever (Macknin et al., 2000;Memarpour et al., 2015). ...
... Although controversial, systemic symptoms such as fever and diarrhea are also often attributed to teething (Macknin et al., 2000;Memarpour et al., 2015). Mild temperature elevation has been found to be associated with teething and is likely to be mistaken or misreported as a fever (Macknin et al., 2000;Memarpour et al., 2015). This may contribute to parents' conceptions that teething causes a fever. ...
Teething in infants is a natural process that is associated with a variety of signs and symptoms. Many teething pain management strategies exist, yet there is a lack of research investigating which strategies are used by parents and whether they are evidence based. Using an established social media initiative, this study sought to better understand parents’ experiences managing teething pain and to determine which strategies are evidence based. Methods: Parents’ experiences with managing teething pain were gathered through a Facebook post in partnership with researchers and a Canadian digital publisher, YummyMummyClub.ca. This Facebook post, part of a larger social media initiative called #ItDoesntHaveToHurt, asked the following question: “What do you do when you think your baby has teething pain?” Comments underwent descriptive thematic analysis to identify common management approaches. An evidence review of literature was undertaken to determine if the most frequently used pain management strategies reported by parents are supported by research. Results: The post received 163 comments. Analysis identified that the most frequently mentioned strategies were frozen/chilled objects, over-the-counter oral analgesics, frozen fruits/vegetables, oral anesthetic gels, and teething necklaces. The evidence review findings suggest a lack of research in the area of teething pain management. Professional dental associations recommend rubbing the gums with a clean finger or using chilled teething toys and over-the-counter analgesics as effective management strategies. Evidence indicates that oral anesthetic gels and teething necklaces are unsafe. Conclusion: Parents use a variety of teething pain management strategies for their infants, many of which are unsafe and not supported by evidence. What information is used by parents and how they select teething pain management strategies is an area that requires further research.
... For many people, teething is perceived to cause significant discomfort to infants and substantial distress to the parents (Table 2). 1,2,10,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Disturbances are transient but may recur repeatedly during 4 to 36 months of age. Evidence regarding teething signs and symptoms is mostly subjective comments from parents, child care workers and/or health professionals. ...
... Nevertheless, more recent prospective studies reveal that most systemic teething signs and symptoms (fever, vomiting, facial rashes, sleep disturbances, stool looseness, decreased appetite for liquids, and cough) are due to other causes. 1,[16][17][18][19]22,24,32 Examples of these alternate causes are well documented in the literature, 27,[33][34][35][36][37][38] and include meningitis, bacterial infections, and herpes simplex virus infections. The latter are painful in their own right. ...
... In addition, symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, seizures, vomiting, neuralgia, weight loss, toxemia, tonsillitis, paralysis, meningitis, etc. have been related by our ancestors to teething (6).Teething leads to severe symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, eczema, bronchial secretions, and seizures, and some pediatricians have shown and confirmed crying fits and strabismus (7). Macknin and colleagues demonstrated that biting, drooling, gum rubbing, sucking, irritability, waking up, rubbing the ear, acne, loss of appetite for solid foods and body temperature with tooth eruption (8). the frequency of death was very high due to the infants teething during 16 -19 century AD, (6). ...
... In a prospective cohort study, it was determined that increased number of biting, drooling, irritability, ear rubbing, facial rash, decreased appetite for solid foods, and a slight increase in temperature are associated with teething (8). In a study by Wake et al., it was determined that the majority of the infants' parents believed that teething causes fever, pain, irritability, sleep disturbance, biting and mouthing, drooling, red cheeks (17). ...
Background: Teething is a physiological process, which usually does not cause problems. A variety of symptoms are ascribed to infant teething, despite little evidence to support such belief. The wrong beliefs and misconceptions about the symptoms of teething may present serious risks to infants. Objectives: This study aims for determination of the mothers' attitude about the symptoms and signs of infants teething. Methods: Data collection was done using a questionnaire, containing demographic information of the respondents as well as a number of 20 questions about the signs and symptoms of teething. In this study, 220 questionnaires were completed by mothers having 6 - 30 months’ children, with at least one deciduous tooth. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 28.26 ± 5.10 years old. Mean of the first deciduous tooth eruption in them was 7.16 ± 1.60 month. All mother associated, at least, one symptom with teething. In this study, mothers' beliefs were as follows: gum rubbing (91%), biting objects (86%), restlessness and irritability (84%), fever (75%), drooling (70%), and diarrhea (62%). Conclusions: Regarding that symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, and restlessness and irritability are attributed to teething, this can distract parents from serious illnesses, leading to diagnosis and treatment delay.
... This process entails the movement of teeth from their position within the jawbone to their emergence in the oral cavity. The teething phase is generally characterized by an 8-day period, which encompasses 4 days prior to the tooth [20] breaking through and 3 days afterward. The eruption of primary teeth typically commences between 4 to 8 months of age, starting with the lower incisors, and is generally completed by 24 to 30 months when the second primary molars emerge. ...
The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry and the American Academy of Pediatrics advise that
children undergo dental examinations and assessments within their first year of life. Early dental visits
evaluate a child's risk status through parental interviews and oral examinations. Infant oral health plays a
crucial role in a child's overall development. This article offers a concise overview of different aspects of
oral health care for children, highlighting perinatal oral health care, anticipatory guidance, the concept
of a dental home, the first dental visit, oral health examinations, dietary counseling, and therapeutic
interventions for relevant oral issues, including teething. It serves as the foundation for lifelong
preventive education and dental care, aimed at achieving optimal oral health throughout childhood
... Plutzer ve ark.'nın (12) yaptıkları randomize kontrollü bir çalışmada süt dişlerinin çıkması sırasında en yüksek oranda rastlanan dört belirtinin salyada artış, ısırma ve çiğnemede artış, huzursuzluk ve uykuda geçen sürede azalma olarak sıralamışlardır. İki prospektif kohort çalışmasında (13,14) diş çıkarma ile önceden bildirilen semptomlar arasında zayıf bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. En tutarlı görülen semptomların ısırma, salyada artış, dişetini sürtme ve huzursuzluktur. ...
... However, some infants may experience systemic effects such as moodiness, sleep disturbances, decreased appetite, mild fever, and skin rashes during this period. In addition to these, there are some local effects of this period such as itching of the gums, increased salivation and mild redness around the mouth (Brecher & Lewis, 2018;Macknin et al., 2000). Many pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies exist to alleviate or eliminate these symptoms. ...
... [2, 6,8] [2] [25] several mild symptoms were reported to be briefly associated with teething. childhood illnesses. ...
Background:
Several myths and beliefs have accompanied the teething process for ages. While some extreme conditions and deaths are no longer linked to teething, the teething process is still surrounded by some controversies to date.
Objective:
To assess mothers' beliefs and knowledge of teething.
Methods:
The study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional survey. The participants were mothers, selected via a systematic sampling technique. Their socio-demographics, were evaluated with the aid of a questionnaire. Furthermore, their knowledge was scored and graded. Version 21 of IBM SPSS Armonk, NY, USA, was used for data analysis. Results were presented using frequency tables and charts. The level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results:
A total of 120 mothers took part in the study. Most of the mothers (86.7%; n=104) believed diarrhea was a symptom of teething, and close to half (49.2%; n=59) believed fever was a symptom. Half of the participants 50.0% (n=60) reported parents as the source of their information. Only one-sixth of the participants (16.7%; n=20) had a good knowledge of teething. Knowledge of teething was found to be related to the level of education. However, the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.77)
Conclusion:
There is a need for public enlightenment programs to correct some observed teething misconceptions, improve the teething awareness level, and close the gap in the knowledge of teething of this study population.
... Several large-scale studies have described the substantial naturally occurring variance in infant sleep [6,38,39]. There is also evidence for robust environmental contributions to sleep [e.g., 40], and household variables such as level of physical organization or chaos [41], and transient variables such as teething [42] or infections have been implicated in infant sleep outcomes. We suggest that much of the unexplained variance here is attributable to the normative variation in infant sleep, or environmental factors not assessed because only a small component could be explained by maternal postnatal mood symptomology. ...
Maternal depression and anxiety symptoms are common across the perinatal period and are associated with a raised risk for adverse child outcomes. While substantial evidence exists for child outcomes such as behaviour, language and cognition, infant sleep has been less studied. In this longitudinal study, we examined the association between maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety and mother-reported infant sleep at 6 and 12 months. Across the four infant sleep outcomes, total sleep time, sleep onset latency, number of awakenings and a maternal perception variable, we found modest effects for concomitant depression symptoms. There were almost no additional effects for anxiety symptoms beyond that already accounted for by depression. Using trajectory modelling of maternal symptoms at five time points, we found more robust effects for maternal groups with postnatally emerging symptoms over prenatally present symptoms across all four sleep outcomes. Our strongest finding was that mothers with postnatal depression symptoms were more likely to perceive their infant’s sleep as problematic compared with all other mothers. Where we found effects on duration-based infant sleep outcomes overall, these were small and clearest for depressive symptoms over anxiety symptoms. For both nighttime awakenings and perception of sleep as a problem, effects were apparent only for mothers in the postnatal symptom groups, and not for prenatal symptoms, at both infant ages six and 12 months. Our sample was a relatively high-socioeconomic group with low symptoms overall, and findings may not generalize to more vulnerable populations.
... 3,4 Some of the reported signs and symptoms associated with teething include gingiva inflammation of the associated tooth, fever, fussiness, irritability, crying, diarrhea, drooling, increased biting, rhinorrhea, loss of appetite, gingiva irritation, and sleep disturbances. 3,[5][6][7][8][9] Several studies [10][11][12][13] however, have reported that most of the perceived systemic symptoms associated with teething are due to other causes such as a decrease in maternal antibodies, 8,14 bacterial and viral infections among others. [15][16][17] Generally, mothers are saddled with early childcare responsibilities. ...
Background: Generally, mothers are saddled with early childcare responsibilities. Therefore, their attitude, practice, and care
toward events occurring in early childhood including teething are important.
Objective: To evaluate the attitudes and treatment practices of mothers regarding teething,
Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A systematic random sampling technique was
utilized in selecting the participants for this study. Socio-demographics, attitudes, and treatment practices of mothers
regarding teething were obtained via an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. IBM SPSS, Version 21.0. was
used for data analysis. The level of significance was set at p= 0.05
Results: A total of 120 mothers participated in the study. The participants in the age group of 20-30 years were in the majority.
A majority (86.7%; n=104) strongly agreed that mothers have a role to play in the management of teething. On the other
hand, less than half (41.7%; n=50) strongly agreed that doctors have a role to play in the management of teething. Of the 103
mothers who practice self-medication, over 85% (85.4%; n=87) use teething syrup, 63.1% (n=65) sometimes use antibiotics,
80.6% (n=82) use analgesics, and 68.0% (n=70) always use herbal mixtures. The study further revealed a negative grade for
attitude and a fair grade for practice
Conclusion: Though the attitude level of mothers towards teething in this study was more negative, their treatment practices
were nonetheless fair. We recommend educational programs that aim to improve the observed areas of negative attitudes
and practices of the study population.
Keywords: Teething, Mothers, Attitude, Practice
... For example, since saliva production is partly related to food digestion and the secretory stimulus is mediated by mechanoreceptors present on the walls of the oral cavity and thus by chewing [43], in the first three months of life infants produce only a minimal amount of saliva since their only diet is breast or cow's milk. Later, as the salivary glands grow and mature as the diet changes and teeth erupt, more saliva is produced [44][45][46]. In addition, it is possible that salivary swabbing in this age group may have been more difficult due to the possible discrepancy between the size of the swab itself and the child's oral cavity, so it may have been difficult to collect saliva. ...
Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of salivary swabs (SS) to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been implemented and widely studied in adults and children. However, the role of SS in detecting other common respiratory viruses in children is poorly investigated. Methods: Children younger than 18 years of age admitted with respiratory signs and symptoms underwent both nasopharyngeal and SS procedures. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of SS were calculated, considering the nasopharyngeal swab result as the gold standard. Results: A total of 83 patients (44 females, 53%) underwent both nasopharyngeal and SS procedures. Overall, the sensitivity of SS was 49.4%. Sensitivity according to different respiratory viruses ranged from 0% to 71.43%, while the specificity ranged from 96% to 100%. Negative predictive value ranged from 68.06% to 98.8%, while positive predictive value ranged from 0 to 100%. SS sensitivity in patients younger than 12 months of age was 39.47%, while in patients older than or equal to 12 months of age it was 57.78%. Patients with negative SS had a significantly lower median age (8.5 months (15.25) vs. 23 months (34), p = 0.001) and a significantly lower quantity of median saliva collected for salivary analysis (0 μL (213) vs. 300 μL (100), p < 0.001). Conclusions: SS has a relatively low sensitivity in detecting common respiratory viruses in children with LRTI, with a lower probability in younger children (and in particular those younger than 6 months of age) or those from whom we have collected lesser amounts of saliva. New strategies to improve saliva collection are needed for testing on a larger study population.
... Entretanto, apesar deste estudo ter sido o primeiro a demonstrar o papel das citocinas locais presentes no fluido crevicular de dentes em erupção e correlacioná-las com distúrbios sistêmicos, os autores consideraram que ainda são necessários estudos adicionais com um número maior de crianças para esclarecer o papel destas citocinas pró-inflamatórias na patogênese da erupção dentária. Por outro lado, os estudos clínicos que realizaram aferição da temperatura nas crianças participantes e que possuíam amostras significativas não verificaram associação entre a febre e a erupção dental 23,24,31 . ...
Objetivo: avaliar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre a sobre a relação entre a erupção dentária de dentes decíduos e manifestações locais e/ou sistêmicas. Materiais e Métodos: realizou-se uma busca sistematizada da literatura nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, BBO e IBECS, sem a utilização de limites temporais. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores em português e em inglês: “erupção dentária”, “dente decíduo”, “febre”, “diarreia”, “distúrbios do sono” e “criança”. Os critérios de busca foram aplicados para os títulos e resumos. Foram considerados os artigos publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol. Resultados: foram incluídos neste estudo 25 artigos. Os trabalhos foram agrupados em três categorias: estudos sobre relatos médicos/odontopediatras, relatos de mães/responsáveis e estudos que consideraram, além desses relatos, variáveis clínicas e/ou laboratoriais. As manifestações mais citadas nos estudos com profissionais foram: diarreia e irritabilidade. Nos estudos baseados nos relatos de mães, foram: diarreia, febre e irritação gengival. Nos estudos clínicos: diarreia, irritabilidade e aumento da salivação. Conclusões: verificou-se o baixo nível de evidência científica dos estudos sobre essa temática. Parece existir uma concordância dos estudos disponíveis sobre a ocorrência da diarreia, irritabilidade e aumento da salivação durante o período de erupção dentária. A relação entre a febre e a erupção dentária ainda é pouco suportada, foram encontrados apenas três estudos clínicos que realizaram aferição da temperatura em amostras significativas, os quais não verificaram associação.Descritores: erupção dentária; dente decíduo; criança; febre; distúrbios do sono; diarreia.
... Thesystemic symptoms are loss of appetite,increased salivation, drooling, diarrhea, boils, generalirritability and fever, runny nose and conjunctivitis. [4] ...
... Los signos y síntomas referidos con frecuencia el mismo día, o uno o dos días antes de la aparición de un diente, incluyen rechazo a los alimentos sólidos, frotarse los oídos, exantema facial e hipertermia. 3 En el área de erupción es frecuente observar una encía hiperémica, como manifestación de una gingivitis marginal inespecífica, que es de alivio espontáneo en niños sanos, pero que en pacientes malnutridos se ha descrito desde cuadros de gingivitis hasta estomatitis necrotizante. En otras ocasiones puede producir acumulación de líquido dentro del folículo dentario, que es el origen de las manchas azuladas, conocidas como quistes de erupción, que si su contenido es hemático se denominan hematomas de erupción. ...
La erupción dental es un proceso fisiológico normal por el que un órgano dentario emerge en la cavidad bucal desde los maxilares (donde se desarrolla), implica al tejido gingival y a otros tejidos y mecanismos fisiológicos; está relacionado con el crecimiento y desarrollo del resto de las estructuras cráneo-faciales. La duración de la erupción de la dentición temporal es de dos años y medio, aproximadamente. La erupción clínica se inicia en el momento en que se hace visible una parte de la corona del diente que brota a través de la encía, hasta que ocluye con el diente antagonista.
... Проблемой прорезывания временных зубов у детей стали активно заниматься со 2-й половины XX в. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. В разные годы проводились исследования, в ходе которых были получены отличные друг от друга результаты. ...
Teeth eruption is a multifactorial process, which requires a thorough evaluation of a child's general state of health. During temporary teeth eruption, unpleasant sensation associated with swelling and tenderness in the gingival area, which is accompanied by excessive salivation, fever, rhinorrhea, increased anxiety, poor appetite, etc. may occur. Today, there are pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for easing the symptoms of eruption of temporary teeth. The article presents feasible approaches to the relief of symptoms that occur at this period. It draws attention to the issue of competent and timely evaluation of symptoms and signs and identification of underlying causes of babies' unwellness, as well as risks of using pharmacological products. The prevailing opinion among parents and medical professionals suggests that the symptoms of teeth eruption can and should be controlled. The local symptoms during difficult eruption of temporary teeth include gingival edema and hyperemia, as well as tenderness on palpation in the eruption area. Different pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to reduce the symptom load of teeth eruption in children. One of them is a baby herbal teething gel. Therapeutic indications for using the gel are pain syndrome in baby tooth eruption (for massaging gums). No contraindications have been identified. If the gel or its components cause a hypersensitivity reaction, its use is not recommended. Active ingredients are exclusively of natural origin. Non-pharmacological treatments to ease the symptoms of temporary teeth eruption include a simple and available method - massage of predeciduous dentition. Putting pressure on them reduces the pain syndrome. Specialized silicone brushes can be used for massage. Gel-filled cooling or silicone teething toys reduce swelling and relieve painful sensation.
... 1,2 Local and systemic symptoms such as general irritability, sleep disturbances, crying, nasal discharge, flushed cheeks, fever, diarrhea, loss of appetite, hypersalivation, ear rubbing, gingival inflammation on the erupting teeth, in this period of time when primary teeth erupt can be seen. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Some studies have not found any causal relationship between tooth eruption and symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, rash, or infection in infants. 3,4,9 During the eruption period, pharmacological methods such as many teething gels are recommended to reduce the symptoms of babies, and non-pharmacological methods such as teething rings, cooled or frozen fresh vegetables and fruits for babies to bite and relieve by scratching the relevant area. ...
Objectives:The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of information provided by YouTube™ for parents searching information about teething symptoms. Material-Methods:To simulate access to information from the parents’ perspective, the terms "teething symptoms and teething signs" were searched on YouTube™. To obtain a total of 60 acceptable videos, a total of 100 videos were screened. Irrelevant videos, advertisements, non-English videos, duplicates, videos lasted greater than 15 min were excluded. General video assessment included ownership, video age, number of comments, purpose and references. Local and systemic symptoms of teething, duration of teething, and treatment options were also examined in the videos. Global Quality Scale(GQS), DISCERN, viewers’ interaction, and viewing rate were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS Version 26. Results:Sixty three videos were included. The videos had a mean video interaction index of 1.36±3.39. The mean viewing rate was 6915±18125 with a range of 0.7 to 115498. The mean score for GQS was 2.98±1.1, for DISCERN was 1.03±0.89. The mean DISCERN score of layperson was lesser than healthcare professionals (p<0.05). Local symptoms were mentioned in 85.7% of the videos and systemic symptoms in 58.7% of them. Treatments were mentioned in 61.9% of the videos. Conclusions: The quality of information about teething symptoms on YouTube™ was variable, but the quality of videos from laypersons was particularly poor. Reliable YouTube™ videos published by childhealth professionals will be a good resource, especially for parents who cannot reach health institutions due to various reasons such as pandemic.
... 1,2 Local and systemic symptoms such as general irritability, sleep disturbances, crying, nasal discharge, flushed cheeks, fever, diarrhea, loss of appetite, hypersalivation, ear rubbing, gingival inflammation on the erupting teeth, in this period of time when primary teeth erupt can be seen. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Some studies have not found any causal relationship between tooth eruption and symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, rash, or infection in infants. 3,4,9 During the eruption period, pharmacological methods such as many teething gels are recommended to reduce the symptoms of babies, and non-pharmacological methods such as teething rings, cooled or frozen fresh vegetables and fruits for babies to bite and relieve by scratching the relevant area. ...
Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of information provided by YouTube TM for parents searching information about teething symptoms. Materials and Methods: To simulate access to information from the parents' perspective, the terms "teething symptoms and teething signs" were searched on YouTube TM. To obtain a total of 60 acceptable videos, a total of 100 videos were screened. Irrelevant videos, advertisements, non-English videos, duplicates, videos lasted greater than 15 min were excluded. General video assessment included ownership, video age, number of comments, purpose and references. Local and systemic symptoms of teething, duration of teething, and treatment options were also examined in the videos. Global Quality Scale(GQS), DISCERN, viewers' interaction, and viewing rate were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS Version 26. Results: Sixty three videos were included. The videos had a mean video interaction index of 1.36±3.39. The mean viewing rate was 6915±18125 with a range of 0.7 to 115498. The mean score for GQS was 2.98±1.1, for DISCERN was 1.03±0.89. The mean DISCERN score of layperson was lesser than healthcare professionals (p<0.05). Local symptoms were mentioned in 85.7% of the videos and systemic symptoms in 58.7% of them. Treatments were mentioned in 61.9% of the videos. Conclusions: The quality of information about teething symptoms on YouTube TM was variable, but the quality of videos from non-health professionals was particularly poor. Reliable YouTube TM videos published by childhealth professionals will be a good resource, especially for parents who cannot reach health institutions due to various reasons such as pandemic.
... There are many reports in the available literature on the symptoms associated with teething, such as drooling, biting, increased irritability, loss of appetite, diarrhea, increased body temperature, ear pulling, coughing, vomiting, local lesions of the gingival mucosa, and others [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. There are also studies that do not confirm the existence of a relationship between teeth eruption and the symptoms listed above [15,16]. ...
This prospective study examined a population of 520 urban and rural children aged 5 to
9 years. Every 2–4 weeks, the clinical symptoms accompanying primary tooth replacement such as a cough, a runny nose, pain, and body temperature were assessed in each child’s medical records. The authors were able to show in a statistically significant manner that the frequency, time, and type of cough were strongly related to the type of erupting teeth (p < 0.001 for each relationship). A cough dependent on the type of erupting teeth was observed in 86% to 92% of the examined children, with a morning bronchial cough being connected with an eruption of the lower teeth, and an eruption of the upper teeth producing an all-day pharyngeal cough caused by mucus secretions dripping down the back of the throat. A statistically significant relationship was also confirmed between the type of erupting teeth and the incidence of a runny nose (p < 0.001), the frequency of a runny nose (p < 0.001), and the time when runny nose symptoms occurred (p < 0.001). This study shows that the
period when primary dentition is replaced with permanent teeth in children is characterized by a physiological cough and a runny nose.
... The symptoms are temporary and are stated at any period before, during, and after the emergence of the teeth in the mouth, having a duration of about a week [22]. However, there are studies The fusion of the reduced enamel epithelium with the epithelium of the oral mucosa that did not confirm the association of these symptoms with the tooth eruption, concluding that these can be attributed to coexisting reasons, not related with tooth eruption [25]. An increase in body temperature up to 37.5 °C, with an absence of other clinical symptoms, may be associated with teething. ...
This chapter is generally about the eruption of teeth and the shedding of primary teeth. It also includes the extraction of primary teeth and other related surgical issues. It first informs on the timing and sequence of tooth eruption, together with a brief introduction of eruption mechanism theories. Description of expected symptoms of primary and permanent tooth eruption follows together with local and systemic treatment for them. Tooth eruption may be accompanied with several abnormalities related to premature eruption, just as the neonatal teeth, as well as to delayed or even inability for eruption, as it occurs in some syndromes. Shedding of primary teeth and indications and surgical techniques for their extraction when this becomes a necessity are also discussed. Lastly, with progress made in tooth autotransplantation, usually after trauma cases, extraction and re-implantation procedure is presented with examples of such options.
... It consists of the migration of the tooth from its intraosseous position in the jaw to eruption in the oral cavity. 1 everyday parental and medical experience associate primary tooth eruption with alterations such as irritability, gingival irritation, increased salivation, fever, agitated sleep, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. 2,3 since these disturbances undoubtedly provoke discomfort and pain in the newborn/infant, they are often responsible for the common referral of many babies to pediatric clinicians. Parents always ask for help and information relating to the probable relationship between these phenomena and the eruption of primary teeth. ...
Background:
Teething discomfort is a widespread disorder affecting a very high percentage of infants. It creates anxiety in parents, who look for help in pediatric clinics. The use of hyaluronic acid gels has been shown in the last 20 years to be an effective tool, generally devoid of side effects, in reducing oral mucosal inflammation in adults. Recently, such results have also been confirmed in infants affected by teething.
Methods:
From our routine practice results, we have retrospectively reported the efficacy and the safety profile of Bonjela® Soothing Teething Gel (Bonkela, Reckitt Benckiser, UK), a teething gel capable of addressing in a significant way this infant complaint, which improves all the clinical outcomes used in these types of study to describe the clinical condition of infants.
Results:
The time×group interaction showed significant differences in unexplained cry, irritability, inappetence, salivation and gum redness (P<0.01 for all comparisons), with lower Likert scores in the treated group respect to the control one.
Conclusions:
The treatment with Bonjela® Soothing Teething Gel contributed to reduce some common symptoms of teething, in comparison to the standard use of a teething ring alone.
... 2,[5][6][7][8] Studies that followed up children during the eruptive process and those from parents' reports have described diarrhea, loss of appetite, irritability, fever, increased finger suction and salivation during tooth eruption. 2,5,6,[9][10][11][12][13][14] Several genetic and environmental factors may be associated with tooth eruption. [15][16] Sex, ethnicity, nutritional status, and preterm birth are factors that may influence this process. ...
Purpose: To evaluate signs and symptoms associated with the eruption of the primary mandibular central incisors in preterm and low birth weight (PLBW) children.
Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was performed with 46 PLBW Brazilian children in a university hospital with a 10-month follow-up. Signs and symptoms of tooth eruption were recorded monthly by clinical examination and caregivers' report. Tooth eruption was categorized into "preeruption" (T0-no erupted crown/month before the eruption), "eruption" (T1-eruption of the tooth up to one-third of the crown/month of eruption), and "posteruption" (T2-from one-third of the erupted crown to completely erupted crown/month after the eruption). Bivariate statistics were performed (P <0.05).
Results: The mean age in T1 was 11 months (±2.50 standard deviation). The symptoms most frequently reported in T1 were increased salivation and finger suction (44.2 percent). The mean number of symptoms in T1 was higher than in T2 (P <0.001). There was a higher frequency of irritability (P =0.022) and itching of the gingiva (P =0.004) in T1 than in T2.
Conclusion: PLBW children presented signs and symptoms mainly in the initial phase of tooth eruption. Increased salivation and digital suction were the most common symptoms.
... This developmental process potentially causes physical discomfort, which could establish the reduction in discomfort as an automatic negative reinforcer. Similarly, parents of human children perceive that infants in the teething phase are more likely to bite and suck on objects, engage in abnormal gum rubbing, and be more irritable (Macknin et al., 2000;Memarpour et al., 2015). Nevertheless, assumptions regarding the function of mouthing in young dogs should be evaluated with a functional analysis to examine whether mouthing may be maintained by socially mediated consequences, because interventions developed on hypotheses rather than assessment outcomes may not effectively reduce mouthing. ...
The most effective behavioral interventions are function based, which requires the identification of the behavioral function. A functional analysis is conducted to isolate and identify the environmental variables maintaining target behavior, and this method is effective across species. In domesticated dogs, mouthing is a common behavior and is considered problematic by many people. However, mouthing is not always simple to treat with standard interventions without identifying the function of the dog’s mouthing. Without efficacious interventions, undesirable behavior in companion animals may result in reduced welfare, an increased likelihood of relinquishment, or an increased probability of euthanasia. The purpose of this study was to provide a clinical demonstration of an owner-conducted functional analysis to identify the contingencies maintaining mouthing behavior in dogs and apply the results to owner-implemented function-based interventions to reduce mouthing. Identified functions included attention and tangibles, and owner-implemented interventions were successful at reducing mouthing in all three dogs.
Dentists and dental care professionals may be faced with concerns from parents and carers regarding teething in infants and young children. Teething is a normal physiological and self-limiting process; however, the diverse signs and symptoms that have, over time, been attributed to teething, can make diagnosis challenging. Appropriate diagnosis is crucial in preventing the potentially life-threatening sequalae of dismissing symptoms as teething and delaying appropriate treatment of a systemically unwell child. Management of teething can be approached in a five-step process based on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence clinical knowledge summary on teething. These include: 1) history-taking, clinical examination, diagnosis and referral of systemically unwell or severely distressed children for urgent medical review; 2) providing parental/carer reassurance, information and preventative advice; 3) simple, non-pharmacological management strategies; 4) pharmacological intervention; 5) safety-netting advice in case the child becomes systemically unwell, has prolonged symptoms, or is in severe distress. The purpose of this article is to bridge knowledge gaps regarding teething to enable appropriate diagnosis and encourage dissemination of preliminary information and ensure appropriate referral by frontline dental professionals.
Salivary volume measurements are an integral part of any investigation of a salivary gland (SG) disorder. Abnormal SG conditions brought about by intrinsic and extrinsic factors usually impact upon salivary production. Mechanisms for the assessment of changes in salivary volume, a key element in diagnosing a SG problem, are available. However, the evaluation must be objectively based. Subjective complaints of decreased saliva (xerostomia) or increased saliva (sialorrhea) are unreliable and prove to be anecdotal in nature. Objective techniques for salivary volume collection and study have been established while standardized values have been accepted for the presence of hyposalivation or hypersalivation. The aim of this chapter is to review those conditions that impinge upon SG volume production. Medications, organophosphates and some medical conditions can lead to hypersalivation, while neurodegenerative diseases cause drooling, often misinterpreted as hypersalivation. Hyposalivation is the more common salivary entity that is encountered. Systemic diseases, many medications and radiation are causes of hyposalivation.
Relevance. The eruption of deciduous teeth is a distinct physiological process marked by local and systemic manifestations, along with alterations in oral microbiota in children.
Research objective. A comparative clinical study evaluating the efficacy of different medications in managing localized symptoms during challenging deciduous teeth eruption, alongside an assessment of a homeopathic medicine's influence on oral microbiota in children (in vitro).
Material and methods. The study encompassed 120 infants ranging from 5 months to 2 years old, randomized into three groups (40 individuals per group), all experiencing challenging deciduous teeth eruption. The research groups were assigned the following interventions: a homeopathic medicine, a dental gel containing an antiseptic and analgesic properties, and a dental gel infused with plant extracts. Clinical assessments of the children were performed using the E.M. Kuzmina index (2000), while concurrent evaluations of the oral microbiota were also conducted.
Results . After the course of the medicinal homeopathic preparation, the condition of the gums, as per the E.M. Kuzmina index, indicated good oral hygiene, in contrast to medicinal preparations containing synthetic and plant-based antiseptics and anesthetics, which resulted in a satisfactory level of oral hygiene. Microbiological research indicated that the utilization of the investigated samples of the homeopathic medicine facilitated the creation of conditions fostering indirect competition of the stabilizing oral micro versus the pathogenic group of microorganisms.
Conclusion . The clinical effectiveness of the homeopathic medicine for challenging deciduous teeth eruption was notably higher. A more substantial positive trend was observed in relation to the oral microbiota in children following the twice-daily application of the homeopathic medicine solution.
The pain of teething in infants has been recognized for 5000 years. Primary (“baby”) teeth eruption begins around 6 months and extends to 24–30 months, an age when infections and other causes of distress are very common. Sore gums, drooling, and biting behavior are well-established local (oral) signs and symptoms of teething. Many parents, and even health care providers, also believe that systemic symptoms like fever and diarrhea are caused by teething. The best-designed observational studies have involved longitudinal follow-up of infants with frequent, intensive measurement of new tooth eruption and of new signs and symptoms, but blinding of observers is difficult. The most rigorous of these observational studies show increased irritability and disturbed sleep associated with teething, but not diarrhea or true fever, although some have shown higher average temperatures within the normal range.
Background:
Messages promoting the benefits of amber necklaces for children are common on social media, despite their health risks.
Aim:
This study characterized Facebook posts with false content about the efficacy of amber necklaces in teething.
Design:
A sample of 500 English-language Facebook posts was analyzed by two investigators to determine the motivations, author's profile, and sentiments of posts. Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modeling was used to identify salient terms and topics. An intertopic distance map was created to calculate the topic similarity. These data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test, Cramer's V test, and multiple logistic regression models, regarding the time since initial posting and interaction metrics.
Results:
Most posts were made by business profiles and expressed positive sentiments, with social, psychological, and financial motivations. The posts were categorized into the topics "giveaway," "healing features," and "sales." Overperforming scores and total interaction increased with time since the initial posting. Posts with links had higher overperforming scores.
Conclusion:
The findings suggest that Facebook posts about the efficacy of amber necklaces in teething are motivated by financial interests, using psychological and social mechanisms to achieve greater interaction with their target audience.
Introdução: A erupção dentária é definida por um processo fisiológico associada a distúrbios sistêmicos e locais, e que podem ser aliviados por uso de fármacos, e terapias alternativas como forma de tratamento A inflamação produzida localmente durante a erupção dental pode tornar as crianças irritáveis, febris e com mudanças no peristaltismo intestinal. Objetivos: Foi a de realizar uma verificar se a erupção dentária causa sintomas no lactente. Objetivos Específicos: Comparar através dos dados observados em literatura a respeito do tema desenvolvido sobre a relação da erupção dos dentes primários com sintomas de febre, irritabilidade e diarreia. Material e Métodos: O estudo foi realizado através de revisão de literatura, onde foram avaliados estudos transversais, de coorte e de caso-controle durante o mês de agosto de 2022, totalizando 43 artigos. Resultados e Discussão: Febre, diarreia, distúrbios do sono, vontade de morder, e irritabilidade foram os sintomas comuns atribuídos à dentição foram apontados como os possíveis sintomas de manifestações a respeito da erupção dentária. Considerações Finais: Sinais, sintomas clínicos podem se manifestar durante o processo de erupção dos dentes decíduos. Porém ainda a literatura ainda não está clara se esses sintomas estão restritos à cavidade oral ou podem comprometer a saúde geral da criança.
Objetivo: Recopilar información actualizada basada en evidencia científica sobre el uso del collar de ámbar en bebés. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una estrategia de búsqueda en las bases de datos bibliográficas como MEDLINE (Pubmed), SCOPUS, EMBASE, LILACS, Scielo y Google Scholar (literatura gris) utilizando los descriptores “Ámbar”, “Ácido Succínico”, “Diente Primario”, “Erupción Dental” y “Síntomas Locales”. Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre 2012 y 2022 en inglés, portugués y español, que abordaron tópicos relacionados con el uso del collar de ámbar en bebés, considerando los beneficios y/o efectos negativos. Se excluyeron revisiones de literatura, capítulos de libros y tesis. Se incluyeron un total de 6 artículos. Conclusión: El uso del collar de ámbar en bebés está enfocado al control de los síntomas de la erupción dental, sin embargo, aún no existe evidencia científica que confirme su eficacia. Los efectos negativos de llevar el collar de ámbar son la contaminación bacteriana, el riesgo de estrangulación y la falta de seguridad durante su uso. Los dentistas deben contraindicar su uso en bebés pues no existe evidencia científica que avale su uso para controlar los síntomas de erupción dental en bebés.
The subject of the study – temporary tooth eruption syndrome. The aim is to study the frequency of occurrence of temporary tooth eruption syndrome and influence of some factors on its manifestation. Methodology. As part of preventive examinations, 250 children aged from 4 months to 2.5 years, with I and II health groups, who referred with the diagnosis – K00.7 “Teething syndrome” were examined. All medical files of the children were reviewed depending on weight and height parameters, type of feeding, characteristic local and general undesirable manifestations of teething syndrome (ICD-10 K00.7). Results. During the study, 214 (86%) children were diagnosed with temporary tooth eruption syndrome (ICD-10 K00.7). The majority of the children with difficulties of eruption of temporary teeth (93%) had characteristic local and general undesirable manifestations. In 13% of the cases the children had only local symptoms, 4% of the cases had only general manifestations of difficult eruption of temporary teeth. In the course of weight-and-height study, for children with a birth weight less than 2,800 g the incidence of difficulties of eruption of temporary teeth was 94%; children with a birth weight between 2,800 and 3,700 g had a 73% incidence of temporary teeth eruption syndrome; for children with a birth weight of more than 3700 g the incidence was 91%. Studying the effect of the type of feeding on the incidence of difficult temporary teeth eruption, the results showed that the incidence of the syndrome was 68% for children on breastfeeding, 97% for artificially-fed ones, and 97% for mixed-fed infants. Conclusions. A high incidence of temporary tooth eruption syndrome was detected (86%). A correlation between low and high birth weight and the incidence of difficult temporary teeth eruption was found. Considering the effect of the nature of feeding on the incidence of difficult temporary teeth eruption, a high correlation among artificially fed infants, a moderate correlation among mixed-fed infants and weak correlation among breast-fed infants was observed.
Teething is when the first teeth emerge through the baby gums. The looks of an infant's first tooth is regarded by most parents as one of a series of significant developmental landmarks. The enigma of teething is, at least, in part historical even though many unexplained teething myths continue to pervade contemporary child health. This article examines the features of teething and contemporary principles of the management of teething.
Infant crying/fussing is a common pediatric complaint. Most infants with a chief complaint of crying do not have a significant underlying pathologic process. In most cases, the history and/or physical exam combined with the judicious use of laboratory and imaging studies will suggest the diagnosis. Red flags such as inconsolability, altered mental status, abnormal vitals, evidence of trauma or anemia, abnormal abdominal exam, conjunctival irritation, eye tearing, and abnormalities of growth and development may suggest a more serious medical condition. Families who frequently seek medical care or report significant distress and frustration from the crying, especially if they are experiencing other social stressors, may be at higher risk for dysfunctional caregiver-child relationships and ongoing behavioral problems in childhood. In all cases, clinicians should assess the level of distress the crying is causing the family and be prepared to provide support, education, and resources. After addressing potential medical conditions, interventions should include education on soothing techniques, strategies to manage caregiver frustration and other social stressors, and avoidance of potentially dangerous remedies. More intensive interventions such as family therapy and referrals for perinatal and infant mental health therapy should be offered when indicated.
Background
Amber necklaces have been used frequently to reduce the complaints of babies during teething. In this study, the knowledge and experience of families regarding the use of amber necklaces investigated.
Methods
The structured questionnaire was applied face-to-face to parents with a 4–24 month old baby who applied to the paediatric outpatient clinic.
Results
One hundred one families participating in the study reported that they used the amber necklace most frequently for restlessness (n = 72, 71.3%). Eighty- three percent of families reported that the amber necklace was beneficial. It determined that 2% of the babies had suffocation and 2% had problems dispersing the grains.
Conclusion
Although the parents think that the use of amber necklaces is effective during the teething period, they are not aware of the risks. It is important for healthcare professionals to inform their families about teething and especially the risks of using amber necklaces.
This study aimed to investigate how mothers and infants contribute mutually to breastfeeding. The spontaneous interactions of 20 breastfeeding dyads were video-recorded at home, at 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of infants’ life. Mothers’ and infants’ gaze and tactile behaviour, facial expressions of emotion, and dyadic expressions were continuously micro-analysed. Results showed that a) the developmental patterns of maternal and infant expressive behaviours reflected age-related variations in the way infants regulate their feelings and express their interests to their companions; b) maternal gaze and tactile behaviour, infant’s negativity, and participation in a shared activity, were correlated to the breastfeeding duration. Our observations may help health care professionals to support breastfeeding through the facilitation of mother-infant communication.
The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate all the existing literature on the efficacy of treatments used to relieve the signs and symptoms associated with teething. A systematic search up to February 2021, without restrictions on language or date of publication, was carried out in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, BBO, OpenGrey, Google Scholar, Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, clinicaltrials.gov, and the references of the included studies. Clinical studies that evaluated the effect of any intervention to alleviate the signs and symptoms associated with teething in babies and children were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. The characteristics and results of the individual studies were extracted and synthesized narratively. The GRADE approach was followed to rate the certainty of the evidence. Three randomized and two non-randomized clinical trials were included. The outcomes of these five articles were classified as high or serious risk of bias. Three studies using homeopathy reported improvement in appetite disorders, gum discomfort, and excess salivation. One study showed a new gel with hyaluronic acid was more effective than an anesthetic gel in improving signs and symptoms such as pain, gingival redness, and poor sleep quality. Another study applied non-pharmacological treatments, which were more effective, especially against excess salivation. Although the present systematic review suggests some therapies could have a favorable effect on signs and symptoms related to teething, definitive conclusions on their efficacy cannot be drawn because of the very low certainty of the evidence. The existing literature on the subject is scarce and heterogeneous and has methodological flaws; therefore, further high-quality investigations are necessary.
Teething of temporary teeth in children is a natural and physiological process. However, in some cases, it can be accompanied by numerous unpleasant symptoms, such as fever, decreased appetite, anxiety in the child, sleep disturbance and indigestion. Knowledge of the physiology of teething, anatomical and physiological characteristics and factors affecting the process of teething of temporary teeth in children is important for the timely provision of assistance to such children. The article describes in detail the duration of teething, mechanisms, age and constitutional peculiarities during teething, the causes of pathological teething (dentitio difficiLis). The authors provided symptoms and differential diagnosis of delayed eruption of the teeth - the teething syndrome and presented methods and techniques for reducing pain intensity. The advantages and disadvantages of the main drugs that are used to treat the teething syndrome are also outlined: anti-infLammatory drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen), topical drugs (gels, ointments), homeopathic preparations. Particular attention is paid to the advantages of homeopathic combination preparations, which are highly effective, safe and provide a minimal pharmacological Load on the child’s body. CLinicaL cases of children aged 6.5 months and 8 months with teething symptoms and the use of a homeopathic combination preparation are presented. Positive changes were observed: heaLth improvement, anxiety reLief, fever reLief, appetite improvement. This case has demonstrated how non-drug measures, mother support and homeopathic preparations can effectiveLy heLp treat the baby’s teething syndrome without using non-steroidaL anti-infLammatory drugs and topicaL preparations.
This article reviews common issues in pediatric dental health, including normal development, developmental issues, infections, trauma, and preventative care.
A relação entre a erupção dentária e o aparecimento de manifestações locais e gerais em crianças tem sido um assunto controverso no meio médico e odontológico no que diz respeito à saúde infantil. A pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a associação entre as manifestações locais e sistêmicas e o período de erupção da dentição decídua em crianças de 4 meses a 4 anos, acompanhadas por Equipe de Saúde Bucal da Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de São Gonçalo do Amarante / RN. Foram entrevistadas 55 mães por meio de um questionário contendo questões objetivas sobre dados gerais de identificação e sobre os sinais e sintomas relacionados à erupção dentária. Os resultados mostraram que 75% das crianças analisaram sintomatologia durante a erupção dos elementos dentais decíduos e os sintomas mais relatados foram aumento da salivação, febre e diarreia. A maior sintomatologia (62%) foi entre 4 meses a 1 ano de idade. Em relação à conduta diante sintomas, 44% dos entrevistados relataram que apenas acompanham a evolução, sem procurar o dentista. Conclui-se, portanto, que durante a erupção dos dentes decíduos, manifestações locais e / ou sistêmicas são percebidas pelos responsáveis, principalmente antes do primeiro ano de vida da criança.
A relationship between teething and fever was sought by examining mothers' reports of the 20 days before the eruption of the first tooth in 46 healthy infants. Twenty infants had a fever of greater than 37.5 degrees C on day 0 compared with seven infants (or fewer) from day 19 to day 4. The danger of attributing fever to teething is emphasised.
According to current medical opinion, teething diarrhea (TD) is a myth; yet cross-cultural data document a worldwide distribution of popular belief in the association of frequent, loose stools with tooth eruption. A mail survey in 1990 of 215 pediatricians practicing in Florida investigated beliefs and practices related to TD. Thirty-five percent of respondents believed there is a real association between diarrhea and tooth eruption. When compared with pediatricians who do not believe in TD, these respondents were more likely to be more recent graduates of medical school, to be in general pediatric practice, to be female, to see more patients per week, and to practice in metropolitan areas. The most common explanations for the link between dentition and diarrhea were changes in eating habits, increased salivation, and stress. Respondents reported that both they and the parents of their patients tended to view TD as less serious than other types of diarrhea, and both managed it accordingly. When compared with earlier studies, our findings indicate that belief in TD among pediatricians may have increased since the 1970s. The results suggest a need for more empirical research on the effects of tooth eruption on bowel function.
This paper proposes an extension of generalized linear models to the analysis of longitudinal data. We introduce a class of
estimating equations that give consistent estimates of the regression parameters and of their variance under mild assumptions
about the time dependence. The estimating equations are derived without specifying the joint distribution of a subject's observations
yet they reduce to the score equations for niultivariate Gaussian outcomes. Asymptotic theory is presented for the general
class of estimators. Specific cases in which we assume independence, m-dependence and exchangeable correlation structures from each subject are discussed. Efficiency of the pioposecl estimators
in two simple situations is considered. The approach is closely related to quasi-likelihood.
Fifty children were admitted to hospital with symptoms of illness that were attributed, by the parent or general practitioner, to the process of teething in the course of one year.
In all but 2 cases an organic cause, other than teething, could be found and the most serious conditions were meningitis in one patient and febrile convulsion in 11.
Current methods for estimating the accuracy of diagnostic tests require independence of the test results in the sample. However, cases in which there are multiple test results from the same patient are quite common. In such cases, estimation and inference of the accuracy of diagnostic tests must account for intracluster correlation. In the present paper, the structural components method of DeLong, DeLong, and Clarke-Pearson (1988, Biometrics 44, 837-844) is extended to the estimation of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve area for clustered data, incorporating the concepts of design effect and effective sample size used by Rao and Scott (1992, Biometrics 48, 577-585) for clustered binary data. Results of a Monte Carlo simulation study indicate that the size of statistical tests that assume independence is inflated in the presence of intracluster correlation. The proposed method, on the other hand, appropriately handles a wide variety of intracluster correlations, e.g., correlations between true disease statuses and between test results. In addition, the method can be applied to both continuous and ordinal test results. A strategy for estimating sample size requirements for future studies using clustered data is discussed.
General and local effects of the eruption of deciduous teeth.
- Tasanen
Derangements of deciduous dentition.
- Schwartzman