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Evaluation of the antidiabetic action of Mangifera indica in mice
Abstract
The leaves of Mangifera indica were assessed for antidiabetic properties using normoglycaemic, glucose-induced hyperglycaemia and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. The aqueous extract produced a reduction of blood glucose level in normoglycaemic and glucose-induced hyperglycaemia, but did not have any effect on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The hypoglycaemic effect of the aqueous extract was compared with that of an oral dose of chlorpropamide under the same conditions. The results of this study indicate that the aqueous extract of the leaves of Mangifera indica possess hypoglycaemic activity.
... The SEIPR mathematical model is partitioned into compartments of Susceptible population class (S), the Exposed population class (E), the Infected population class (I), the class of population who believes in the Therapeutic and Pharmacological Efficacy of mango leaf (P) and the temporary Recovered population class after being cured by the mango leaf (R). The proportion of Λare the incoming population into the susceptible class [7,8,9,10]. This compartment reduces due to the expiration of the duration of pharmacological efficacy of the mango leaf and stem bark at the rate ω and also by a natural death at the rate of μ. ...
... Structure of mangiferonic acid[7] ...
... The SEIPR mathematical model is partitioned into compartments of Susceptible population class (S), the Exposed population class (E), the Infected population class (I), the class of population who believes in the Therapeutic and Pharmacological Efficacy of mango leaf (P) and the temporary Recovered population class after being cured by the mango leaf (R). The proportion of Λare the incoming population into the susceptible class [7,8,9,10]. This compartment reduces due to the expiration of the duration of pharmacological efficacy of the mango leaf and stem bark at the rate ω and also by a natural death at the rate of μ. ...
... Structure of mangiferonic acid[7] ...
Mango with the botanical name of Mangifera Indica (MI) (Linn.) is one of the traditionally used herb trees in the third-world country used for different curative and prophylaxis measure for different health challenges. This article presents updated information on its mathematical modeling using ordinary differential equations (S,E,I,P,R) for theoretical/analytical methods and epidemiological applicability of therapeutic/pharmacological efficacy of Mangifera indica (MI) (Linn.) against selected recalcitrant diseases in third-world countries. To introduce the mathematical model that connects all the necessary parameters and variables on the epidemiological applicability of therapeutic /pharmacological efficacy of the Mango (Mangifera Indica (MI)(Linn.)leaf and stem bark, to cure the Original Research Article Osuntokun et al.; SARJNP, 5(1): 43-52, 2022; Article no.SARJNP.88572 44 ravaging health challenges. The basic reproductive number of the model was obtained. This parameter was obtained to show that, the use of the (Mangifera Indica (MI))(Linn.) leaf and stem bark can cure the health challenges mathematically such that, as the use of the mango leaf and stem bark increases, the rate of the ravaging health challenges among the populace reduces. It is a fact that the medicinal plant is a good source of medicine for developing countries especially in the third world like Africa and Asia, taking Nigeria as a case study. This write-up is premeditated from the fact that there should be a cure for recalcitrant ailments like high blood pressure, diabetes and etc. without the use of conventional medicine. We should be able to use the local herbs for the known health debacle without any side effects. As scientists, we decided to research various medicinal plants that can be used. During the process of search, mango leaf shines like a bright star and there is a need to make a thorough and further searchlight for the wonderful medicinal plant, because of its various therapeutic uses on ravaging health challenges in Nigeria and other third world countries.
... Several authors have shown that the bark and/or leaf extracts of Mangifera indica have many pharmacological properties, in particular anti-allergic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anthelmintic and antioxidant properties (Garrido et al. 2001;Makare et al. 2001;Garrido et al. 2004;Ojewole 2005). Other work has revealed that this plant has anti-diabetic, hypoglycemic and inhibitory properties on the activity of phospholipase A2 (Aderibigbe et al. 2001;Bhadrapura and Sudharshan 2016). In addition, Sairam et al. (2003) and Alkizim et al. (2012) have shown the antidiarrheal properties of the extracts of the seeds on the one hand and those of the extracts of the nucleus of the mango on the other hand. ...
... Several classes of compounds have also been found in extracts from this, namely flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoids (Khyati et al. 2010), which are classes of chemical compounds with many pharmacological properties. Likewise, many pure compounds have also been isolated from this plant, this is the case for mangiferin, catechin, shikimic acid, alanine, prototypic acid, γ acid -aminobutyric, glycine, cinic acid, manghopanal, cycloartan-3β-30-diol and derivatives, friedelin, mangsterol, n-tetacosane, mangocoumarin, n-heneicosane, manglupenone, mangoleanone, indicoside A and B, n-triacontane and mangiferolic of the acidic methyl ester (Martinez et al. 2000;Aderibigbe et al. 2001). Several polyphenols such as kaempferol, gallic acid, quercetin, catechins and caffeic acid have also been found in extracts from this plant (Singh et al. 2004). ...
Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of infant mortality in developing country. It has been reported that Mangifera indica is used as an antidiarrhoeal agent in traditional medicine. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antidiarrhoeal activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Mangifera indica Linn stem bark. The extracts were tested in vitro on the growth of bacteria and fungi; and in vivo at doses of 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg on the effects of Escherichia coli, castor oil, misoprostol and charcoal meal in rats. In vitro, the methanolic extract was the most active with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 256 µg/mL for all Gram negative and Gram postive bacteria tested; the value of MIC for all fungi tested was 32 µg/mL. In vivo, the aqueous extract at doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg and methanolic extract at dose of 500 mg/kg resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the bacterial load in rats faeces. A significant reduction (p < 0.001) of diarrhoeal parameters was observed with both extracts after castor oil administration. The gut motility was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced with all doses of methanolic extract. Both extracts significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the increase of intestinal fluids volume induced by misoprostol. Histopathological analysis revealed few abnormalities in the structure and morphology of the ileum after treatment of rats with aqueous and methanolic extract. This study showed that Mangifera indica possesses antimicrobial and antidiarrheic properties and attest its usefulness in traditional treatment of gastrointestinal infection.
... The different chemical constituents are present in the leaf of Mangifera indica, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, saponins, minerals, and vitamin C and B [15]. The leaf extract is being used for different biological activities, such as anti-diabetic [16], anti-microbial [17], immunomodulators [18], anti-allergic [19], hepatoprotective [20], cardioprotective [21], anti-inflammatory, and analgesic [22]. ...
Objective:
Plant-based natural antioxidants have a wide variety of biological activities with significant therapeutic value. Mangifera indica has been used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments in animals and human, but little is defined about its biological or pharmacological effects. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate phytochemical, antioxidant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous-methanolic leaf extract of M. indica.
Methods:
To investigate the possible impact of aqueous-methanolic leaf extract of M. indica on oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyrexia, we used a combined in vitro and in vivo series of experiments on laboratory animals.
Results:
Results revealed significant antioxidant potential in 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay, while significant but dose dependent antipyretic potential was documented in typhoid-paratyphoid A and B (TAB) vaccine and prostaglandin E (PGE) induced pyrexia models. Significant anti-inflammatory effects were observed in both acute and chronic inflammatory models of arachidonic acid and formalin. Phytochemical screening and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of M. Indica confirmed the presence of mangiferin, quercetin, and isoquercetin. These phytoconstituents likely play a role in the observed biological activities. Our results show that M. indica has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects, lending credence to its traditional use and advocating for its utilization as a viable contender in treating oxidative stress-associated ailments.
Conclusion:
It is concluded that Magnifera indica has various properties in the treatment of various diseases.
... The different chemical constituents are present in the leaf of Mangifera indica, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, saponins, minerals, and vitamin C and B [15]. The leaf extract is being used for different biological activities, such as anti-diabetic [16], anti-microbial [17], immunomodulators [18], anti-allergic [19], hepatoprotective [20], cardioprotective [21], anti-inflammatory, and analgesic [22]. ...
Objective: Plant-based natural antioxidants have a wide variety of biological activities with significant therapeutic value. Mangifera indica has been used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments in animals and human, but little is defined about its biological or pharmacological effects. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate phytochemical, antioxidant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous-methanolic leaf extract of M. indica. Methods: To investigate the possible impact of aqueous-methanolic leaf extract of M. indica on oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyrexia, we used a combined in vitro and in vivo series of experiments on laboratory animals. Results: Results revealed significant antioxidant potential in 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay, while significant but dose dependent antipyretic potential was documented in typhoid-paratyphoid A and B (TAB) vaccine and prostaglandin E (PGE) induced pyrexia models. Significant anti-inflammatory effects were observed in both acute and chronic inflammatory models of arachidonic acid and forma-lin. Phytochemical screening and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of M. Indica confirmed the presence of mangiferin, quercetin, and isoquercetin. These phytoconstituents likely play a role in the observed biological activities. Our results show that M. indica has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects, lending credence to its traditional use and advocating for its utilization as a viable contender in treating oxidative stress-associated ailments. Conclusion: It is concluded that Magnifera indica has various properties in the treatment of various diseases.
... The leaf extracts were investigated for antibacterial activity against Staph aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [16]. In addition, the antidiabetic property of the plant was investigated by [17]. ...
This study reports the production of silver nanoparticles using Mangifera indica stem bark (aqueous and methanol) extracts as capping agents and formulation of pharmaceutical gel loaded with the nanoparticles. The extracts were prepared using standard procedures and utilized in biosynthesizing silver nanoparticles. Biosynthesis was ascertained through colour changes, UV–Visible and FTIR spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity of the extracts and biosynthesized nanoparticles were examined by DPPH method. The antimicrobial evaluation was carried out on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmaceutical gels were produced (F1–F5), and loaded with the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorption under UV–visible spectroscopy between 315 and 320 nm. FTIR spectrum showed that alkene and ester functional groups were conferred on the silver nanoparticles by the extracts used. The nanoparticles demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the organisms, which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than for extracts and reference drug. The antioxidant capacity was in a concentration-dependent manner but significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the reference drug. Formulated gels had acceptable organoleptic profiles, pH range of 6.8–7.1, high viscosity, and pseudoplastic flow patterns. The in vitro release profiles of the gels showed was gradual, with t90 higher than 2 h. The release seemed to be influenced by the viscosity of the gel systems. In addition, the release kinetics of the nanoparticle-loaded gel systems followed Higuchi model with r2 ranging from 0.9958 to 0.9980. Mangifera indica extracts were successfully used as bio-reducing agents in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The gel formulations had acceptable physical properties and release profiles.
... This results in a decrease in the amount of insulin secretion, which in turn leads to an increase in the levels of fasting blood glucose. The findings of other researchers [43][44][45][46] are consistent with the results that were obtained. According to a study by [47], prolonged intraperitoneal injection of mangiferin, isolated from M. indica, at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg once daily for 28 days, shows an antihyperglycemic effect by significantly lowering the levels of fasting blood glucose in STZ-(Streptozotocin) induced diabetic rats. ...
Abstract Background In diabetic animals, there is a significant increase in plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels, and decreased body weight, liver and muscle glycogen, and high-density lipoprotein. Effective treatment of diabetes mellitus is not yet known, even though the management of diabetes mellitus is considered a global concern. Plants and herbs have played an important role in the healthcare of many societies throughout history. Today’s researchers are investigating the potential for using these nonpharmaceutical approaches to treat and control diabetes, either in conjunction with standard treatments or as an alternative to them. Herbal formulations are favored because to lower cost and fewer side effects compared to other methods for alleviating diabetes and its consequences. In ethnomedicinal practices, different parts of Mangifera indica are used to treatment of diabetes. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of an ethanolic extract of Mangifera indica and mangiferin in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. This experiment was conducted in a set of two with four groups of animals namely control (Tc), treatment alloxan (Ta), treatment extract (Tae), and treatment mangiferin (Tam). To develop diabetes, Wistar rats treated with 150 mg/kg b.w. of alloxan monohydrate were injected intraperitoneally. Tae and Tam’s groups received a freshly prepared single dose of extract and mangiferin in distilled water via the oral route. All experimental groups received laboratory pallet feed diet and drinking water ad libitum. Diabetic rats were treated for 21 days with an ethanolic extract of mango peel and pure mangiferin orally daily at rates of 200 mg/kg b.w. and 20 mg/kg b.w. Results An alloxan-induced diabetic rat treated with mango peel extract and mangiferin significantly improved the overhead impact due to diabetes. There was a significant (p
... Sterospermumcolais Paathiri leaves Astringent Ethanolic extract was effective in retarding glucose diffusion [21] 18. Terminaliaarjuna Marudhu bark Astringent Bark extract possesses potent anti diabetic activity [22] 19. Mangiferaindica Maa leaves Astringent Aqueous extract of the leaves possess hypoglycaemic activity [23] ...
The Siddha system is a primordial system of medicine followed over a long period in the Southern part of India. Siddha system has peculiar methods in treating a disease and also possesses various diagnostic methods and treatment protocols. In the Siddha system, diagnostic methods are purely differing from other systems. The diagnostic tools are Envagaithervu (Eight Fold Assessment Test), Neer Kuri & Nei Kuri (Siddha Urine Test), Nadi (Pulse Test) etc. In the Siddha system treatments are based on Nadi, Suvai. Diabetics are the major non-communicable disease in the world. According to the statistics India is second among the top ten nations in the world, with 69.2 million people suffering from diabetes and another 36.5 million struggling with pre-diabetes. This rising prevalence is mostly due to changes in lifestyle, such as consuming unhealthy foods and being physically sedentary. In the Siddha system, it is compared with Neerizhuvu Noi. In Siddha, diabetes is not an illness. It is possible to keep it under control with the right diet and treatment. The article focus on scientific justification of the relationship of herbs cured Neerizhuvu Noi mentioned in classical text by their organoleptic characters and anti diabetic activity of the herbs. Taste plays a significant part in the selection of medicinal plants for each person in this kind of personalized treatment that is based on their constitution. This article discusses the Siddha approach to the control of diabetes, with a particular focus on the flavour of herbs.
... Treatment of diabetic rats with water extract of MIL at 1 gm/kg and 2 gm/kg showed a significant decrease in the blood glucose level. That improvement in blood glucose was consistent with the significant increases in insulin and this correlates well with the observations of Aderibigbe et al., (2001), Bhowmik et al., (2009) andVillas-Boas et al., (2021). The extract significantly increased dose-dependent insulin sensitivity in diabetic animals, as well as the plasma insulin level. ...
... Ziabetussadiq is known as diabetes mellitus, and Zof-e-kulya is known as kidney disease. This formulation consists of six herbal ingredients, namely, Gular (Ficus racemosa Linn.) (Veerapur et al., 2012), Gulnarfarsi (Punica granatum Linn) (Bagri et al., 2009), Dana anarshireen (Punica granatum Linn.), Maghz-eTukhm-e-Anba (Aderibigbe et al., 2001), Kishneez Khushk (Naquvi et al., 2006), and Gil-e-Armani alongwith Qand Safaid (sugar). This preparation has antidiabetic, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities. ...
Diabetes mellitus is the most widely recognized endocrine disorder which is influencing a bigger populace on the planet. There are various causes of diabetes, such as physical inactivity, obesity, family history, race, and age. Diabetes mellitus is associated with some life-threatening complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, various eye diseases or retinopathy, and cardiovascular disorders. Many synthetic antihyperglycemic agents are available in the market for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. But, due to some serious side effects of these synthetic agents, people are opting for herbal remedies and, therefore, they are now becoming popular. Herbal remedies have lesser side effects and higher affordability and therefore can be preferably used over synthetic agents for a long-term disorder like diabetes mellitus. In the present study, scientific research and review studies on the topic were collected from Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant sources. The references of all the articles were screened manually for any additional information on popular polyherbal formulations in traditional Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Unani medicinal systems. It is found that these polyherbal formulations are studied for anti-diabetic potential. Furthermore, some are also investigated for mechanism of action of anti-diabetic effects. This review highlights various Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Unani polyherbal formulations commonly utilized in the management of diabetes mellitus along with their pre-clinical and clinical investigations, which will enhance the existing knowledge of the researchers.
... The anti-diabetic effects of alcoholic extract of the leaves of Mangifera indica at doses of 50, 100,150, and 200 mg/kg body weight in rabbits [9]. The leaves of Mangifera indica used for antidiabetic properties were found by scholars [10][11][12][13]. The previous study discovered that the body produces a potent and strong hypoglycemic effect with the Single oral administration of a dose of 250 mg/ kg body weight in Type-2 diabetes on rabbits [14]. ...
... The occurrence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, mangniferin, polyphenolics, triterpenoids and some others in this plant accounts for its reported anti-inflammatory, analgesic and hypoglycaemic activities (Shah et al., 2010). Administration of the leaf extracts in experimental studies resulted in a decrease in the blood glucose level in glucose-induced hyperglycemic mice, indicating the plant could possess active constituent capable of decreasing the blood glucose (Aderibigbe et al., 2001). Administration of mangniferin, an active constituent extracted from M. indica intra-peritoneally to diabetic rats showed antioxidative potential as well as attenuation of glycosylated heamoglobin level (Muruganandan et al., 2002). ...
Background and Objective: Diabetes is an insidious as well as a debilitating metabolic disease with variety of causes that could lead to severe complications in multiple organs within the body system. There has been no documented scientific evidence as regards total cure of this complex chronic disease; therefore, it demands a lifelong management. This has necessitated the recent evaluation of several plant derived foods as costeffective alternatives in the management of diabetes and its associated complication. Materials and Methods: This review is based on integration of information from multi-databases after a comprehensive literature search on the various plant derived foods that have been reported to have shown a certain degree of amelioration in the management of diabetes and diabetic complications. Result and Discussion: Published reports suggest that oxidative stress primarily mediated by uncontrolled hyperglycemia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its associated complications. Therefore, various plant-derived foods are believed to delay, prevent or manage diabetes and its associated complications using different mechanisms which could be established through their potential to increase insulin sensitivity, free radicals scavenging abilities, hypolipidemic, hypoglycaemic, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Conclusion: Based on the evidence presented in this review, plant-derived foods possess bioactive constituents believed to be rich in antioxidants and proteins which may be responsible for their mode of actions; we propose that Cucuma longa (curcumin), Garcinia kola (kolaviron), Telfairia occidentalis and Parkia biglobosa be explored in the management of diabetes and its associated complications due to their outstanding beneficial effects.
... The bark is astringent, it is used in diphtheria and rheumatism, and it is believed to possess a tonic action on the mucus membrane [26,27]. The gum is used in dressings for cracked feet and for scabies [28][29][30]. It is also considered anti-syphilitic [31]. ...
The aim of this study was to verify the potential of Mangifera indica gum (MIG) as a bioactive agent. Plant gum was collected from the bark of Mangifera indica and was, purified and characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography (GC) analyses. Purified gum was tested for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory. IR and GC analyses of gum showed the presence of several types of bioactive components in Mangifera indica gum. The gum showed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (63%) and Enterococcus faecalis (58%). The antioxidant activity of MOG was investigated by 2,2- diphenyl 2- picryl hydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging and the MIG shows good activity when compared with the standard ascorbic acid. The anti-inflammatory activity of the MIG was estimated by the bovine serum albumin denaturation (BSA)method and showed significant activity against the standard drug. The anti-diabetic activity of the MIG was determined by the dinitro salicylic acid (DNSA)method displayed significant anti-diabetic activity. These findings confirmed that MIG has a potential source for the formulation of new therapeutic drugs.
... Mangifera indica, also known as mango, has been used as an herb for thousands of years in Indian medicine. It is a member of the Anacardiaceae family [8] Ayurveda states that the various parts of mango tree, including the leaves and stem, have various medicinal properties. They have been used as medicine by different peoples all around the world [9]. ...
The causative factors behind toothache include tooth decay or fracture, abscessed tooth, or infected gums. Over 750 species of bacteria inhabit the oral cavity and a number of these are implicated in oral diseases including toothaches.The efficacy of Mango stem extract can be used for the inhibition of pathogens causing human toothache was investigated. Ethanol was used as solvent for extraction. Two human pathogens; Streptococcus mutans which is a bacterial pathogen and Aspergillus niger which is a fungal pathogen were employed in this study. The inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract Mangifera indica on the test organisms were conducted using the agar well diffusion method of antimicrobial assay. Antibacteria (Amoxicillin) and Antifungal (Fluconazole) served as the control. A sub culture process was carried out to enable proper identification of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (M.I.C) of 3 different tooth samples (T 1 ,T 2 ,T 3). This process was carried out using the mango stem extract introduced in drops (0.5ml,0.10ml,0.15ml) in 9 petri dishes respectively for both fungi (Amoxicillin) and bacteria (Fluconazole) media. The result shows that the mean total zone of inhibition of T 2 (3.53) by mango extract is higher T 1 (2.90) and T 3 (3.10). When compared with the control, the mean total zone of inhibition becomes higher when the extract is being introduced in large amount (0.15>). So in a bacteria media the higher the mango extract is introduced the more the inhibition zone increases (Table 1). There are significant differences in the inhibition effects of the plant extracts and the susceptibility of the human pathogens (P<0.05). While in fungi media the mean total zone of inhibition of T 3 (3.36) by mango extract is higher T 1 (2.83) and T 3 (3.20). When compared with the control, the mean total zone of inhibition becomes lower when the extract is being introduced in large amount (0.5<). From the result it shows that the bark extract of mango is very active in treatment of toothache in the sense that the extract possess potential inhibitory activity against human pathogens in vitro to varying degrees.
... The mangiferin has been found in the trunk, fruit, root, and leaves [7]. Some research revealed that mangiferin has the effect of antitumor [8], antiviral [9], antioxidant [10], antimicrobial [11], anti-inflammatory [12], antidiabetic [13], antiatherogenic and antihyperlipidemic, and iron chelating agents [14]. Other studies also showed that the xanthone compound has strong antioxidant activity through free radical scavenger and its iron-chelating properties [15,16]. ...
... Most findings require further investigations. Current review also includes studies from individual research as well as reviews from Brazil [133,134], Mexico [135][136][137], Guatemala [138], Central America [139], Canada [140][141][142], South Africa [143][144][145][146][147][148][149], Jordan [150], Nigeria [151,152], Morocco [153][154][155][156], Algeria [157,158], Kenya [159], Gabon [160], Sudan [161], Republic of Congo [162,163], Turkey [164], Saudi Arabia [165,166], Egypt [167,168], China [169][170][171][172], India [173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185], Nepal [186], Iran [187,188], Bangladesh [189], Pakistan [190], Japan [191][192][193][194], Sri Lanka [195], Thailand [196,197], and Australia [198]. A recent comprehesive review highlighted the antidibetic medicinal plants from Morocco along with their individual components [199]. ...
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with growing global incidence, as 387 million people were diagnosed in 2014 with an expected projection of 642 million in 2040. Several complications are associated with DM including heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, and cancer. The latter is the second leading cause of death worldwide accounting for one in every six deaths, with liver, pancreas, and endometrium cancers are the most abundant among patients with diabetes. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a vital role in developing a wide array of pathological disorders, among them diabetes and cancer. Natural secondary metabolites that counteract the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway could be a promising approach in cancer therapy. Here, 717 medicinal plants with antidiabetic activities were highlighted along with 357 bioactive compounds responsible for the antidiabetic activity. Also, 43 individual plant compounds with potential antidiabetic activities against cancer via the modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade were identified. Taken together, the available data give an insight of the potential of repurposing medicinal plants and/or the individual secondary metabolites with antidiabetic activities for cancer therapy.
... Most findings require further investigations. Current review also includes studies from individual research as well as reviews from Brazil [133,134], Mexico [135][136][137], Guatemala [138], Central America [139], Canada [140][141][142], South Africa [143][144][145][146][147][148][149], Jordan [150], Nigeria [151,152], Morocco [153][154][155][156], Algeria [157,158], Kenya [159], Gabon [160], Sudan [161], Republic of Congo [162,163], Turkey [164], Saudi Arabia [165,166], Egypt [167,168], China [169][170][171][172], India [173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185], Nepal [186], Iran [187,188], Bangladesh [189], Pakistan [190], Japan [191][192][193][194], Sri Lanka [195], Thailand [196,197], and Australia [198]. A recent comprehesive review highlighted the antidibetic medicinal plants from Morocco along with their individual components [199]. ...
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with growing global incidence, as 387 million people were diagnosed in 2014 with an expected projection of 642 million in 2040. Several complications are associated with DM including heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, and cancer. The latter is the second leading cause of death worldwide accounting for one in every six deaths, with liver, pancreas, and endometrium cancers are the most abundant among patients with diabetes. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a vital role in developing a wide array of pathological disorders, among them diabetes and cancer. Natural secondary metabolites that counteract the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway could be a promising approach in cancer therapy. Here, 717 medicinal plants with antidiabetic activities were highlighted along with 357 bioactive compounds responsible for the antidiabetic activity. Also, 43 individual plant compounds with potential anti-diabetic activities against cancer via the modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade were identified. Taken together, the available data give an insight of the potential of repurposing medicinal plants and/or the individual secondary metabolites with antidiabetic activities for cancer therapy.
... However, having multiple therapeutic applications could also suggest the presence of a wide range of potent phytochemicals in these medicinal plants; hence, can also be subjected to further studies. Lastly, the findings of this study on the most preferred plant species used to address a particular ailment category are supported by a number of publications: the use against certain infectious and parasitic diseases of S. alata is supported by its reported antifungal and antihelmintic properties; [36,37] the use to treat eye-related ailments and wounds of M. oleifera is supported by its reported antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties; [38][39][40] the efficacy of M. indica to specifically treat diabetes is supported by its antidiabetic property; [41,42] the utilization of O. tenuiflorum to treat common colds is attributed to a variety of its pharmacological properties; [43] the use to treat diarrhea of C. cainito could be due to its antimicrobial and astringent properties; [44] the use of C. tiglium in addressing muscle problems could be related to its reported smooth muscle relaxant activity; [45] the efficacy against urinary problems of L. speciosa is supported by its described diuretic effect; [46] the use of P. odorata in specifically treating cough could be due to its reported antitubercular constituents; [47] and the effective use of C. dichotoma and P. tectorius in addressing relapse could be due to their antipyretic and analgesic properties. [48,49] CONCLUSION This study reveals that the province of Cavite in the Philippines remains rich in medicinal knowledge as reflected by the considerable number of plants that were reported to be of medicinal importance. ...
... Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, which comprises about 30 species of tropical fruiting trees in the family of Anacardiaceae, a group of flowering plants (N uñez Sell es et al., 2002;Pott et al., 2003). M. indica has been studied extensively for its various pharmacological and biological roles such as anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidegenerative (Aderibigbe et al., 2001). Consumption of ripe mango has been reported for its stimulating and freshening potential. ...
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of epidermal growth factor receptors with tyrosine kinase functionality. The dimerization of HER2 leads to the autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues within its cytoplasmic domain, resulting in hyperactivation of several downstream signal transduction pathways that play an important role in tumorigenesis, cancer aggressiveness and cell proliferation. Amplification or overexpression of HER2 has been found in approximately 15–30% of breast cancers. Hence, HER2 serve as a therapeutic biomarker in breast cancer. Herein, we applied structural bioinformatics techniques via molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, Molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) calculations and pharmacokinetic models to identify putative HER2 inhibitors. Application of stringent molecular docking results in the identification of bioactive compounds from Mangifera indica as selective, potent inhibitors of HER2. However, only the top three compounds with the highest negative docking score (< −9kcal/mol) was considered in reference to neratinib (−8.601 kcal/mol) for computational analysis. The molecular dynamics simulations and post-simulation analysis of docked HER2-ligand complexes unveil the substantial stability for M. indica ligands over the 100 ns simulation period. Additionally, MM/GBSA binding free energy calculation supports the inhibitory potential for the docked ligands, which exclusively revealed the highest binding energy for selected M. indica ligands than the reference compound (neratinib). The pharmacokinetic model showed that M. indica ligands are promising therapeutic agents. Conclusively, bioactive compounds from M. indica may serve as lead molecules that could be developed into potent and effective HER2 inhibitors for breast cancer treatment.
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
... Other therapeutic properties of Mangifera indica include analgesic, anti-inflammatory (Garrido et al, 2001), immune-stimulant (Makare, 2001;Garcia et al., 2002;Garcia et al., 2003a), antioxidant (Martinez et al., 2000;Sanchez et al., 2000;Sanchez et al., 2003), spasmolytic, antidiarrhea (Sairam et al., 2003), dyslipidemic (Anila and Vijayalakshmi, 2002), antidiabetic (Aderibigbe et al., 1999;Aderibigbe et al.,2001), antiamebic (Tona et al., 2000, antihelminthic, antiallergic (Garcia et al., 2003b) and antibacterial (Bairy et al., 2002). However, many have cautioned that beyond herbal drug-efficacy verification, there is an urgent need to adequately subject herbal preparations to sound toxicity studies in order to understand the collateral systemic consequences of such herbal ASN-PH-020919 ISSN: 2315-537X E-ISSN: 2384-6836 preparations; as there are existing scientific commentaries and assertions about drug mediated injuries (Huang et al., 2002) and herbal cytotoxicity potentials (Russel et al., 1997;Prohp and Alaiya, 2003;Prohp and Maduemezia, 2004;Prohp et al., 2006a;Prohp et al., 2006b). ...
This study was designed to determine the effect of aqueous extract of Mangifera indica stem bark
on the histology of the liver in animal models. Twenty Wistar rats weighing between 170-185g
were used for this study. They were sub-divided into four groups: A, B, C and D (n=5 each).
Group A served as control, while B, C, and D served as test groups. For 14 days, group A received
normal feed (grower’s mash and water only, while groups B, C and D received oral doses of
0.25ml (25mg), 0.5ml (50mg) and 1ml (100mg) of aqueous extract of Mangifera indica stem bark
respectively. At the end of the experiment, the animals were weighed and sacrificed to harvest the
liver for tissue processing and microscopy using standard laboratory procedures. The results
showed that liver sections in group A (control) and test group B, presented no remarkable
histological changes, while mild to pronounced cytoarchitectural distortions were observed in the
liver sections of groups C and D respectively; suggesting that at higher doses, Mangifera indica can be hepatotoxic
... It is one of the several plants with potent therapeutic active ingredients as available literature indicates that Mangifera indica is used medicinally to treat ailments such as asthma, cough, diarrhea, dysentery, leucorrhoea, jaundice, pains, malaria Gilles, 1992) and diabetes (Ojewole et al., 2005;Muruganandan et al., 2005;Perpetuo et al., 2003;Mahabir and Gulliford, 1997). Other therapeutic properties include analgesic, antiinflammatory (Garrido et al, 2001), immune-stimulant (Makare, 2001;Garcia et al., 2002;Garcia et al., 2003a), antioxidant (Martinez et al., 2000;Sanchez et al., 2000;Sanchez et al., 2003), spasmolytic, antidiarrhea (Sairam et al., 2003), dyslipidemic (Anila and Vijayalakshmi, 2002), antidiabetic (Aderibigbe et al., 1999;Aderibigbe et al.,2001), antiamebic (Tona et al., 2000, antihelminthic, antiallergic (Garcia et al., 2003b) and antibacterial (Bairy et al., 2002). ...
This study was designed to determine the weight changes in the liver of wistar rats treated with crude aqueous
extracts of Mangifera indica stem bark. Twenty Wistar rats (170-185g) were used for this study. They were sub�divided into four groups: A, B, C & D (n=5 each). Group A served as control, while B, C, and D served as tests. For
14 days, group A received normal feed mash and water only, while groups B, C and D received oral doses of 0.25ml
(25mg), 0.5ml (50mg) and 1ml (100mg) of aqueous extract of Mangifera indica stem bark respectively. At the end
of the experiment, the animals were weighed and sacrificed to harvest the liver for organ weight determination.
Results showed no significant increase (p>0.05) in the body weight of the control rats compared to test group; but a
significant decrease (p<0.05) in the weight of the liver in group D (p< 0.05) when compared with the control. It
suggests that 100mg of Mangifera indica is above the safe dose level for rats and that crude AE of M. indica has no
significant effect on somatic growth but caused a significant decrease in liver weight at higher doses.
... The obtained results are supported by the finding of other investigators ⦋21⦌; ⦋22⦌. (Sharma et al., 1997;Aderibigbe et al., 2001). Antihyperglycemic activity that is found in diabetic rats indicates that the extracts may interfere with the intestinal glucose absorption in the gut by various mechanisms ⦋23⦌; ⦋24⦌. ...
The effects of crude aqueous extract of Ehretia anacua on alloxan induced diabetic rats was investigated. Male albino rats of weighing between 120 to 150 were used, divided into 6 groups of five animals per group. Group I received distilled water throughout of the experiment and served as the control. Group II received 110 mg/kg of alloxan interperitoneally. Groups III, IV, V and VI received 110 mg/kg of alloxan and in addition administered with aqueous Ehretia anacua extract daily for 14 days. Blood glucose level was monitored at five days interval for fourteen days. Target organs (pancrease) was taken from each rat. The histopathological studies of the pancrease were examined. In alloxan - induced diabetic rats, blood glucose level was significantly increased compared with the control rats. Treating diabetic rats with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw Ehretia anacua caused a significant decrease in the blood glucose level. The Photomicrograph of the histopathology examination of the pancrease (× 100) of the groups treated with alloxan showed poor architecture was destroyed whereas those treated with Ehretia nancua showed normal architecture. This illustrates the amelliorative effects of the extract on the alloxan-induced tocicity. It could be concluded from these results that, Ehretia nancua extract should be used in manufacture processes of the natural products as functional foods or as a dietary supplement with anti-diabecretic activity as hypoglycemic effect.
... In addition, the dosage of chlorpropamide for anti-aging effect was 10 mg/kg, much lower than 200 mg/kg for hypoglycemic effect in mice. Chlorpropamide (10 mg/kg) administration had no significant effect on blood glucose level of nondiabetic mice (Supporting Information Fig. S4A) 63,64 . The effect occurred below the effective dose for hypoglycemic use enables chlorpropamide to function as a potential anti-aging regent without causing serious side effects. ...
Sulfonylureas are widely used oral anti-diabetic drugs. However, its long-term usage effects on patients’ lifespan remain controversial, with no reports of influence on animal longevity. Hence, the anti-aging effects of chlorpropamide along with glimepiride, glibenclamide, and tolbutamide were studied with special emphasis on the interaction of chlorpropamide with mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K⁺ (mitoK-ATP) channels and mitochondrial complex II. Chlorpropamide delayed aging in Caenorhabditis elegans, human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells and reduced doxorubicin-induced senescence in both MRC-5 cells and mice. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels were significantly increased in chlorpropamide-treated worms, which is consistent with the function of its reported targets, mitoK-ATP channels. Increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) were observed in chlorpropamide-treated worms. Moreover, the lifespan extension by chlorpropamide required complex II and increased mtROS levels, indicating that chlorpropamide acts on complex II directly or indirectly via mitoK-ATP to increase the production of mtROS as a pro-longevity signal. This study provides mechanistic insight into the anti-aging effects of sulfonylureas in C. elegans.
... Nevertheless, their components are rich in valuable phytochemicals, including polyphenols, carotenoids, enzymes, vitamins E and C, and other bioactive compounds reported to promote human health. [5][6][7] Moreover, mango leaves are a kind of crop waste and rich in phenolic compounds and flavonoids, 8 and stem bark possesses several biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities, [9][10][11] meaning they may be helpful as supplements in food products. 2 These beneficial health effects are due to the presence of various bioactive compounds that are present in fruits and vegetables; [12][13][14] the presence of phenolic compounds in the human diet is associated with protective effects against some chronicdegenerative diseases related to oxidative stress, 15 with phenolic compounds and carotenoids showing antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, and antimicrobial effects. ...
Background:
Mango (Mangifera indica) has been recognized as a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications, attracted increasing interest from research.
Results:
Phytochemistry studies have demonstrated that phenolic compounds are one of the most important biologically active components of Mangifera indica extracts. Ultrasounds and microwave-assisted extractions, and supercritical fluids have been employed for the obtention of bioactive molecules, such as phenolic acids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and fatty acids. These phytochemicals exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity, depending on sources (bark, leaves, seeds, flowers, or peels) and extracting methods results in the differences in structure and bioactivity.
Conclusions:
This review exposes bioactive compounds, extraction techniques, and biological function of different parts of Mangifera indica of great importance as nutraceuticals and functional compounds with potential application as therapeutic agents and functional foods. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Eugenia jambolana (Lam)E. jambolana known as Jamun, [99] has been widely used in Indian traditional medicine for the remedy of various ailments. Different parts of E. jambolana such as the kernel, leaves, and septum have a significant antihyperglycemic effect when compared with glibenclamide, a standard antidiabetic drug as tested in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rats [100]. ...
Plants have provided man with all his needs in terms of shelter, clothing, food, flavors and fragrances as not the smallest amount, medicines [1]. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization, 80% of the population in developing countries still depends on folk medicine for prevention or treatment of illnesses [2]. Chronic diseases have resulted from the radical change in the lifestyle choices of people over the century. [3] The use of herbal and traditional medicines may be a common practice because the option of traditional medicines within the treatment of lifestyle associated diseases (such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus) are found to be more practical due to its cheaper cost [4]. Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem which leads to serious complications over time [5]. Diabetes mellitus (DM), both insulin-dependent DM (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent DM (NIDDM) may be a common and high disorder throughout the planet. The use of traditional plant remedies has been practiced throughout the world for diabetes mellitus [6]. As mentioned in the review article of Bahare et. al in 2019[7] traditional knowledge of antidiabetic Asian plants were found in different countries in Southeast Asia like Iran; Malaysia; Philippines; Saudi Arabia; Sri Lanka and India, to name a few. A compiled review on the information about medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus was done comprehensively and was proven that plants are a potential source of anti-diabetic drugs through ethnobotanical information reports of several plants that may possess anti-diabetic potential. The present review aims to examine some of the important plant species and their constituents, showing their beneficial effects such as the potential antidiabetic activity that can be used in the management of diabetes.
... Mangifera indica (MI) is an ayurvedic herb that belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. MI leaf extract has been shown to have hypoglycemic properties [87]. The extract of its leaves was tested in vitro for DPP-4 inhibitory activity, and the results reveal an IC 50 of 182.7 µg/mL [88]. ...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasing global public health problem, and its prevalence is expected to rise in coming decades. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a therapeutic target for the management of T2DM, and its inhibitors prevent the degradation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1, and thus, maintain their endogenous levels and lower blood glucose levels. Various medicinal plant extracts and isolated bioactive compounds exhibit DPP-4 inhibitory activity. In this review, we discussed different natural sources that have been shown to have anti-diabetic efficacy with a particular emphasis on DPP-4 inhibition. Furthermore, the effect of DPP-4 inhibition on pancreatic beta cell function, skeletal muscle function, and the glucose-lowering mechanisms were also discussed. We believe that scientists looking for novel compounds with therapeutic promise against T2DM will be able to develop antidiabetic drugs using these natural sources.
... Investigation of African medicinal plants for their antimicrobial activity rank highest among biological tests carried out on the plants and their isolates 2 . In view of this, medical practitioners, whether allopath (medical doctors), homeopaths, naturopaths, herbalists, or shamans, had to know the plants in their areas and how to use them since many of their drugs were derived from plants [3][4][5][6] . ...
The spread of infectious diseases in the world is a major challenge for health institutions and pharmaceutical industries. The current trends of multi-drug resistance to the available synthetic drugs or antibiotics among emerging and re-emerging bacterial pathogens lead to serious risks. It is therefore necessary to search for new antimicrobial agents that are better, cheaper and without side effects for treating these infectious diseases, especially in developing countries. In this study, phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of stem-barks of Mangifera indica were investigated. Standard methods were employed to screen for the presence of phytochemicals. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of M. indica stem-bark against selected bacterial (Shigella sp, Staphylococcus sp, Escherichia coli, Vibrio sp) and fungi (Penicillium sp, Yeast, Mould) isolates. Phytochemical results showed the presence of active pharmacological components such as tannins, saponins, glycoside, flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloids, and steroid. Methanol extract demonstrated the highest activity of bacterial (Staphylococcus sp with 15.4 ± 0.36 mm zone of inhibition) and fungi (Penicillium sp with 9.3 ± 0.2 mm zone of inhibition). Meanwhile, in aqueous extracts, Escherichia coli (10.6 ± 0.2 mm) and Penicillium sp (10.3 ± 0.3 mm) were observed to have a higher zone of inhibition. M. indica stem-bark exhibited significant antimicrobial activity; this, therefore, suggests that the extracts are as good as other commercially sold antibiotics in inhibiting these microorganisms and could possibly serve as an alternative.
... These plants are growing wildly and consumed widely by the ethnic people. They contain phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids, tannins and phenolic compounds and minerals and vitamins [1], and have been reported effective, traditionally in the treatment of many illnesses including oxidative stress, diabetes, CVS, degeneration, immune disorder, inflammation etc. [2] [3] [4]. In search of potential therapeutic agents, it is of outmost importance of screening medicinal plants for their biological activities and phytochemicals. ...
... The diabetic animals on diets contained 5, 10 and 15% mango flour showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in blood glucose levels during 30 day study (92). The aqueous extract of Mangifera indica reduced blood glucose level in normoglycaemic and glucose-induced hyperglycaemia (93)(94). The hypoglycemic effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Mangifera indica leaves and stembarks were evaluated in nondiabetic and diabetic. ...
This review presented a comprehensive overview of the phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Mangifera indica, which used for therapeutic purposes as traditional medicine across the world by various cultures. Phytochemical screening of Mangifera indica showed it contained steroids, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phlobatannins, terpenoids, volatile oil, phenol, resins, saponins, protein, carbohydrates and glycosides. Mangifera indica possessed many pharmacological effects included antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, immune- modulatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, reproductive, dermatological, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, anti- obesity, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, CNS and neuro- protective, gastrointestinal, anti-anemic and anti-snake venom activitiy. In the current review, databases including Web Science, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct, were searched to investigate the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Mangifera indica.
... 'Apple' leaf extract at a dose of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg have no hypoglycemic effect on fasting blood glucose level in normoglycemic mice which is corresponded with previous study (Aderibigbe et al., 1999). Evaluation of mango leaf extract on antidiabetic activity provided an effective response in several studies (Aderibigbe et al., 1999, Aderibigbe et al., 2001. On the contrary, the present study found no hypoglycemic effect after oral administration of extract before loading glucose in OGTT model. ...
The objectives of study were to evaluate and compare the antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid, mangiferin content and antidiabetic activities of five young mango cultivars leaf extract, namely, ‘Apple’, ‘Nam Dok Mai’, ‘Bao’, ‘OkRong’ and ‘Kiew Savoey’. Antioxidant effect was investigated by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assays. Inhibitory on α-glucosidase activity and type of enzyme inhibition were evaluated by using Lineweaver Burk plot analysis. Mangiferin, major active compound, was quantified by HPTLC method. Furthermore, the hypoglycemic effect was determined using streptozotocin (STZ) –nicotinamide (NA) -induced type 2 diabetic mice. Young mango cv. ‘Apple’ leaf extract demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity in all assays. Moreover, it contains highest amounts of total phenolic and mangiferin to the values of 311 mg GAE/g extract and 197 mg/g extract, respectively. It possessed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.50 µg/mL. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis demonstrated a non-competitive inhibition of αglucosidase activity with the inhibition constant (Ki) of 2.98 µg/mL. Coadministration of young mango cv. ‘Apple’ leaf extract at dose of 1,000 mg/kg significantly reduced the total blood glucose level by 13.43% in STZ-NA-induced type 2 diabetic mice when compared with control diabetic mice in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) model. Inhibition of glucose absorption may be one of the possible mechanism of its hypoglycemic effect. In conclusion, young mango cv. ‘Apple’ leaf extract possesses the strongest antioxidant and antidiabetic activities which has a potential to develop as nutraceutical products.
... Their biological effects can be attributed to the active principles such as mangiferin, catechins, quercetin, anthocyanins, gallic acids (Sanchez et al., 2000, Martin andQian, 2008). The aqueous extract of the leaves of M. indica possess hypoglycaemic activity (Aderibigbe et al., 2001), and the seed kernel was reported to show high antioxidative and tyrosinase inhibitory properties (Maisuthisakul and Gordon, 2009). Several studies have been conducted on different plant extracts in fish such as Allium sativum in Oreochromis niloticus (Metwally, 2009), Cinnamomum zeylanicum in Nile Tilapia (Ahmad et al., 2011), Mucuna pruriens in Labeo rohita (Ojha et al., 2014), and anthraquinone extracts in Cirrhinus mrigala (Sikendra et al., 2015) for their effects on growth and metabolic enzyme activities. ...
Leaf extracts of guava and mango were selected for this study after in vitro antioxidant screening test, and a feeding trial was conducted to examine their effects on growth, antioxidant and metabolic enzymes activities in Labeo rohita (rohu) fingerlings. Six diets were formulated containing either 0 (Control), 0.5%, or 1 % leaf extracts of guava or mango. The growth performance indices increased significantly in the treatment groups compared with the control. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the various groups differed significantly, but feed intake and hepatosomatic index showed no differences (P>0.05). Significantly higher (P<0.05) serum glucose level, antioxidant, and tissue metabolic enzymes activities were recorded in the control compared with the leaf extracts fed groups. The current study revealed that the leaf extracts of guava or mango positively enhanced the growth performance of the fed fish (L. rohita) and has the potential to attenuate oxidative-induced stress.
... In India, mango leaves are considered as holistic material during various cultural festivals (Pariona, 2018). M. indica leaves are used for treatment of fever, diarrhea, oral care and diabetes from ancient times (Aderibigbe et al., 2001;Tawaha et al., 2010;Shah et al., 2010;Anand et al., 2015). Leaves are traditionally consumed as folk tea and medicine to reduce the risk of respiratory diseases in China (Deng and Zeng, 2003). ...
Present work was carried out with the objectives to isolate polyphenol-rich fraction from Mangifera indica leaves and its analysis in LCÀMS/MS and also to investigate the antioxidant potential and cyto-protective activity of the active fraction against UV radiation-induced oxidative stress in PBMC model. M. indica leaf extracts were prepared using solvents of different polarity (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) and screened for total phenolic concentration (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Based on screening results, methanol extract with higher TPC (435.37 mg GAE/L or 205.6 mg GAE/100 g leaf mass) and good antioxidant activity was selected for liquid-liquid partitioning with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol sequentially to obtain four different fractions (LF1, LF2, LF3 and LF4). Among the fractions, LF3 showed higher TPC level (1083.51 mg GAE/L), hence it was further purified by column chromatography. Six fractions (CF1ÀCF6) were obtained from column chromatography, among which fraction CF4 had highest TPC (1359.91 mg GAE/L). Antioxidant potential of the CF4 fraction was comparable to that of standard gallic acid in terms of DPPH radical scavenging (IC-50 = 12.93 vs. 12.30 mg/ml), superoxide radical scavenging (IC-50 = 80.00 vs. 14.91 mg/ml) and hydroxyl radical scavenging (IC-50 = 29.78 vs. 29.78 mg/ml). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) treated with hydrogen peroxide exhibited 75À80% toxicity and when the cells were treated with the CF4 fraction, the toxicity was reduced to 65À75%. Radio-protective activity of active fraction (CF4) was studied in PBMC model and 80% of cytotoxicity was noted in UV irradiated PBMC, which was reduced to 50% by the active fraction. LCÀMS/MS analysis of CF4 revealed salicylic acid as the major component and the results of present work indicates salicylic acid from mango leaf could be explored as natural cyto-protective agent.
... The different parts of M. indica such as the leaves and stem barks have been used in traditional medicines to treat several ailments such as asthma, cough, diarrhoea, dysentery, jaundice, pains and malaria fever (Gill, 1992). Scientific reports have shown that M. indica extracts have anti-diabetic (Aderibigbe et al., 2001;Ojewole, 2005;Bhowmik et al., 2009), anti-inflammatory (Garrido et al., 2004;Ojewole, 2005), antibacterial activities (Bbosa et al., 2007) and may promote increased production of erythrocytes in animals (Nwinuka et al., 2008). ...
There is high prevalence of anaemia in Africa to which medicinal plants may provide remedy. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the anti-anaemic effect of ethanol extract of Mangifera indica stem bark in phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anaemia in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculi). Twelve rabbits (1.91±0.35 kg) were divided into four groups: A, B, C and D. Rabbits in Group A were given pelleted feed and drinking water only while each rabbit in groups B, C and D was also given 30 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of PHZ by subcutaneous administration, followed by a maintenance dose of 15 mg/kg bwt, four times, at interval of 2 days. Rabbits in Group B were given distilled water, group C was treated with 50 mg/kg bwt of M. indica extract while group D was treated with 100 mg/kg bwt of Multivet, all by daily oral gavage for 12 days. Blood was collected for evaluation of packed cell volume (PCV) using microhaematocrit, red blood cell (RBC) counts using haemocytometer and haemoglobin (Hb) levels using cyanomethemoglobin colorimetric assay. PHZ produced an average of 53% reduction in the levels of PCV, RBC and Hb on day 2 in groups B, C and D. Treatment of the rabbits in groups B, C and D with ethanol extract of M. indica stem bark produced significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of PCV on day 14, RBC counts and Hb levels on day 8 when compared with the PHZ treated control rabbits; these alterations in the haematological parameters compared favourably (p>0.05) with the Multivet. This study suggests that ethanol extract of M. indica stem bark have anti-anaemic effect on PHZ-induced anaemia in rabbits.
Mango has long been an attractive source of nutrition and pharmacological therapeutics. The mango plant (Mangifera indica L.) contains bioactive compounds that may have antidiabetic properties. This systematic review investigated the evidence for antidiabetic properties of the different parts of the mango plant in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus in animal models and humans. The electronic databases PubMed, FSTA, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify articles with clear objectives and methodologies available in the English language with publication date limits up to December 2020. Twenty-eight of 1001 animal and human studies met the inclusion criteria that investigated antidiabetic properties of mango from leaf (31%), flesh (38%), seed-kernel (7%), peel (14%), stem-bark (7%), and by-product (3%). Results support the glucose-lowering properties of mango in both animals and human. Proposed antidiabetic mechanisms of action include inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, improved antioxidant status, improved insulin sensitivity, facilitated glucose uptake, and gene regulation of glucose transporter type 4, insulin receptor substrate 1, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The animal and randomized control trial findings suggest that mango may be beneficial as an antidiabetic agent. Although these studies hold promise, additional observational studies and randomized control trials are required because human studies are significantly fewer in number, use mango flesh almost exclusively, and had modest blood glucose effects. Additional research gaps include identifying the mechanisms of action for the different components of the mango plant.
Mangiferin (1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) oxan-2-yl] xanthen-9-one) is a bioactive component derived primarily from the mango tree. Belonging to the Xanthone family, its structure allows it to engage with a variety of pharmacological targets. The symmetric linked core of xanthones has a heterogeneous biogenetic background. The carbon atoms are designated in a biochemical order, which reveals the reason of ring A (C1–C4) being referred to as acetate originated, and ring B (C5–C8) is referred to as shikimate originated. The antibacterial, hypocholesterolemic, antiallergic, cardiotonic, antidiabetic, anti-neoplastic, neuroprotective, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties have all been demonstrated for the secondary metabolite. This study assessed and explained the important medical properties of mangiferin available in published literature, as well as its natural source, biosynthesis, absorption and bioavailability; multiple administration routes; metabolism; nanotechnology for enhanced efficacy of mangiferin and its toxicity, to aid the anticipated on-going potential of mangiferin as a novel diagnostic treatment.
Diabetes is a metabolic illness defined by hyperglycemia that affects 10% of the world’s population. Diabetic complications such as blindness, kidney failure, and heart failure can develop if left untreated and are made worse by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress contributes to the rise of diabetic complications, particularly type-2 diabetes. In the blood vessels of diabetic individuals, it causes endothelial dysfunction. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Nowadays, it is alarming that the number of diabetic patients is increasing dramatically. There are plenty of anti-diabetic drugs available on the market, but they possess several adverse effects and do not completely cure diabetes. It has now become a financial burden on patients, their families, and society as well. Medicinal plants have gained popularity in developed and developing countries over the last two decades because of their vast natural sources and lack of harmful effects compared to modern allopathic
medications. According to the World Health Organization, traditional
medicines, which are mostly manufactured from plants, are still used by 80% of the population in developing countries for the management and curing of diseases. This review includes 81 Bangladeshi medicinal plants from 51 different families that can be used to treat diabetes and oxidative stress. Among them, Psidium guajava (L. ), Aloe vera , Catharanthus roseus , Allium sativum, Annona squamosa , Cinnamon zeylaniucm, Amaranthus esculentus , Eugenia jambolana , Azadirachta indica , Moringa oleifera , Spondias pinnata , Coccinia grandis (L. ), Momordica charantia L. , Heretiera fomes, Trigonella foenum-graecum were most potent. The fundamental purpose of our study is to find out and highlight certain medicinal plants in Bangladesh that have an-ti-diabetic and antioxidant capabilities so that the researchers can develop newer anti-diabetic medications with minimal side effects to treat metabolic dysfunction, diabetic complications, and oxidative stress more effectively.
Background: Diuretics increase urine flow and sodium excretion are used to maintain the volume and composition of body fluids in a variety of clinical situations Objectives: To evaluate the diuretic activity of alcoholic (AERMI) extract of roots of Mangifera indica in albino rats. Methods: 5 groups of Albino rats were used to evaluate the diuretic activity by using metabolic cages. The group I serves as normal control received vehicle, the group II received Furosemide (10 mg/Kg, p.o) ; other groups III, IV, V were treated with low, medium, and high doses of AERMI and immediately after extract treatment all the rats were hydrated with saline (15 ml/kg) and placed in metabolic cages. Total volume of urine collected was measured at the end of 5 h. Concentration of Sodium, Potassium, Chloride in the urine were estimated. Results: Compared to control group the AERMI at different dose levels (100,200 and 400 mg/kg) has significantly increased the urine volume and also enhanced the elimination of Sodium, Potassium and Chloride. Conclusion: Single dose of AERMI as 100, 200 and 400 mg/Kg and Frusemide have increased the urine output along with an increase in concentration of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride.
Diabetes, a chronic physiological dysfunction affecting people of different age groups and severely impairs the harmony of peoples' normal life worldwide. Despite the availability of insulin preparations and several synthetic oral antidiabetic drugs, there is a crucial need for the discovery and development of novel antidiabetic drugs because of the development of resistance and side effects of those drugs in long-term use. On the contrary, plants or herbal sources are getting popular day by day to the scientists, researchers, and pharmaceutical companies all over the world to search for potential bioactive compound(s) for the discovery and development of targeted novel antidiabetic drugs that may control diabetes with the least unwanted effects of conventional antidiabetic drugs. In this review, we have presented the prospective candidates comprised of either isolated phytochemical(s) and/or extract(s) containing bioactive phytoconstituents which have been reported in several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies possessing noteworthy antidiabetic potential. The mode of actions, attributed to antidiabetic activities of the reported phytochemicals and/or plant extracts have also been described to focus on the prospective phytochemicals and phytosources for further studies in the discovery and development of novel antidiabetic therapeutics.
Diabetes Mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disorder which has made it a major health threat worldwide. The available synthetic drugs for the cure of Diabetes mellitus are associated with high cost, various side effects and several limitations. Medicinal plants are the rich depots of the phytochemicals which can be useful for the treatment of chronic disorders. These plants are the better alternative to chemical drugs causing less or no harm to the body. Several plants are traditionally known for their antidiabetic properties but the detail investigation of their active molecules is required in order to be developed as therapeutic drug. Therefore, the present review aims to provide comprehensive information on various Indian medicinal plants, their constituents and mechanism of action for the cure of diabetes mellitus.
The use of conventional drugs to treat metabolic disorders and the pathological consequences of diabetes further increases the complications because of the side effects, and is sometimes burdensome due to relatively higher costs and occasionally painful route of administration of these drugs. Therefore, shifting to herbal medicine may be more effective, economical, have fewer side effects and might have minimal toxicity. The present review amasses a list of ethnomedicinal plants of 143 species belonging to 61 families, from distinctive domestic survey literature, reported to have been used to treat diabetes by the ethnic and local people of Bangladesh. Leaves of the medicinal plants were found leading in terms of their use, followed by fruits, whole plants, roots, seeds, bark, stems, flowers, and rhizomes. This review provides starting information leading to the search for and use of indigenous botanical resources to discover bioactive compounds for novel hypoglycemic drug development.
The pharmacological treatments of diabetes are costly and therefore necessitate the mutual usage of alternate medications. Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) is a medicinal plant which has got varied beneficial applications. Even though some researchers have claimed that the polysaccharides in the leaf gel are the sole constituents and regulators for most of the metabolic activities of this plant, it appears a discouraging task to associate the distinct polysaccharides to particular healing activities. The antidiabetic and hypoglycemic properties of Aloe vera are partially mediated via its strong antioxidant effect. Aloe vera treatment is known to lower the blood glucose level through its capability of enhancing the sensitivity towards insulin. Accordingly, there is an increase in the peripheral uptake of glucose, combined with reduction in the amount of hepatic glucose produced.
Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) is also a hypoglycemic plant which is typically used by diabetic patients and healthy people as well. Ample medical examinations have been recognized in the hypoglycemic properties of Momordica charantia by means of numerous proposed pathways. There is an abundant data on the biochemical and animal model experiments envisioning the antidiabetic properties of M. charantia. Momordica charantia along with its other extracts and components is thought to possess hypoglycemic properties through diverse biological, pharmacological, as well as biochemical means, like peripheral muscular glucose utilization, checking glucose absorption in intestinal cells, gluconeogenic enzyme inactivation, activation of pentose phosphate pathway, and safeguarding the pancreatic β cells.
In this chapter, we discussed and reread the use of two traditional medicinal plants
Aloe barbadensis and Momordica charantia for the treatment of diabetes.
The antidiabetic consequences of both the debated plants stand accredited to the phytochemical combinations or single constituents of the plant extracts. Alkaloids,
phenolic acids, flavonoids, glycosides, and saponins are the main elements with
antidiabetic properties. Various machineries have been brought forth by the
researchers with regard to the phytochemicals and their antidiabetic regulations,
for example, glucose regulation and fat metabolism, insulin secretion, β-cell stimulation,
NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK) pathway, etc. Further research and developments
in the utilization of traditional treatments have considerably powered the
drug progression of innovative effects intended for diabetes. Consequently, further
effectual scientific examinations are necessary for supplementary authentication.
Alternatively, the main antidiabetic principles of medicinal plants should be prioritized
and explored to ensure the better outcomes.
Chrysophyllum cainito L. is part of the family Sapotaceae and native to the Greater Antilles and the West Indies. This specie is a medicinal plant used around the world by many cultures, commonly known as “star apple” or “caimito”. Some studies have reported that C. cainito possesses many pharmacological properties as antidiabetic, anti-hypersensitivity, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, antioxidant, gastroprotective and immunosuppressive. Also, phytochemical evidence has revealed that the main secondary metabolites in C. cainito are alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, sterols, coumarins and triterpenes which are responsible for their pharmacological benefits. In vitro and in vivo toxicology studies have suggested human consumption of Chrysophyllum cainito leaves as safe. This chapter includes scientific information of pharmacology, toxicology and phytochemistry of C. cainito seeds, leaves, and fruits with the purpose to contribute valuable scientific information to future research in drug development based on C. cainito as a source of raw material.
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Use of native ethnobotanical medicine is an integral part of Indian tradition particularly
for the diabetes mellitus treatment since ages (Patil et al. 2011). Diabetes
mellitus is a metabolic dysfunction which is characterized by hyperglycemia and
anomalous metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates that initiate complete
or comparative insufficiency of insulin caused by the malfunction of beta (β) cell
of islets of Langerhans or by impaired insulin intake in the peripheral tissues and
also by insulin resistance. There are two types of diabetes mellitus: insulin-dependent
type 1 and insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus. Majorly 90% of all
sort of diabetes is initiated by type 2 diabetes mellitus (ADA 2012; Larejani and
Zahedi 2001; Li et al. 2012; Naveen and Baskaran 2017). Worldwide nearly 1.5
million individuals lose their lives annually to this disease, and it is estimated to
affect 592 million people by 2035 (Chinsembu 2019; Mahwish et al. 2017;
Pahlavani et al. 2019). More than 61 million Indians are diabetic which makes
India the “capital of diabetes.” Treatment of diabetes with synthetic drugs has
shown side effects and is costly.
Ethno pharmacological relevance:
Kanpur division is one of the large areas of India with diverse traditional medicinal heritage. In this area, a large number of people suffer from diabetes mellitus. People in this area handle diabetes with herbal and modern medicinal treatments. However, folk knowledge for the treatment of diabetes is not documented.
Aim of the study:
To document and promulgate the enormous indigenous knowledge of therapeutic importance of herbal plants used by the local practitioners for diabetes mellitus.
Materials and method:
Total 44 local practitioners (28 male and 16 female) were interviewed through a questionnaire. The medicinal plants suggested by the practitioners were identified by the taxonomist, and plant specimens were preserved.
Results:
Thirty-five species of plants, belonging to 24 families, were suggested by 44 local healers of Kanpur division. The fidelity level (FL), use values (UV) and relative frequency of citation (RFC) for each plant have been analyzed. The UV, FL, and RFC values of the recorded plants ranged between 0.97 to 0.23, 82.7%-24.1% and 0.327 to 0.067, respectively. Leguminosae family dominated with 14.28% of the total plants. The highest used life form was recorded as tree (43%) while the most widely used plant part was leaf (30.6%). The highest UV, FL, and RFC were recorded for the Aloe vera L. (0.97), Syzygium cumini L. (82.7%) and Momordica charantia L. (0.327) respectively.
Conclusion:
The present study exhibits the knowledge and use of anti-diabetic plants adopted by the ethnic communities of Kanpur division. Future pharmacological investigations are required to test the potency and efficacy of herbal treatments. There is also a need for sustainable use and conservation of these medicinally useful plants.
The use of alternative therapies to treat diabetes, including teas prepared with different plants, is widespread in Brazil. An ethnopharmacological survey shows the prevalent use of a tea prepared with leaves of mango (M. indica) by Brazilian diabetic patients. Therefore, the claimed hypoglycemic effect of this preparation has been investigated experimentally in normal rats and in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and clinically in healthy volunteers. These results, showing no hypoglycemic effect of the treatment, strongly suggest that mango tea cannot be recommended as an antidiabetic treatment.
Salvia fruticosa Mill. has a folk reputation in the eastern Mediterranean region as a hypoglycemic agent. In order to confirm this claim, a 10% infusion of its leaves was tested, at an oral dose of 0.250 g/kg b.w.t., on normoglycemic rabbits and in rabbits made hyperglycemic by alloxan administration. This oral dose caused a statistically significant reduction in blood glucose levels in alloxanhyperglycemic rabbits, but not in normoglycemic animals, only after repeated administrations of the infusion (once a day for 7 consecutive days). Instead, the hypoglycemic effect was evoked by single oral doses of infusion in both normoglycemic and alloxanhyperglycemic rabbits orally loaded with glucose. However, in these animals S. fruticosa infusion did not modify plasma insulin levels. Moreover, the hypoglycemic effect of the drug was not evoked in rabbits which received the glucose load intravenously. These data strongly suggest that S. fruticosa treatment produces hypoglycemia mainly by reducing intestinal absorption of glucose.
