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Abstract
Keywords:allergic contact dermatitis;mastic;compound mastic paint;dressing adhesive
... The use P. lentiscus essential oils increased the protection of brain tissue against ischemia, which causes inflammation and an oxidative stress that strongly damages membranes and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and finally inducing a neuronal death (Quartu et al. 2012). Some studies have indicated an allergic effect of P. lentiscus gum, contact dermatitis was observed following the use of an orthopaedic solution containing in its composition a quantity of gum (Lee and Lam 1993;Wakelin 2001). In the mouse ear, a concentration of 100 and 125 mg.kg −1 , cucurbitacin E 2-O-b-Dglucopyranoside and cucurbitacin E from C. colocynthis exhibited an antiallergic activity against passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions (Yoshikawa et al. 2007). ...
Pistacia lentiscus, Artemisia herba-alba and Citrullus colocynthis are medicinal plants known for a long time in herbal medicine. Here we review their bioactive substances and pharmacological effects from 215 literature articles. Species contain essential oils, oils and phytochemicals such as cucurbitacin, gallic-acid, quercetin, masticadienonic acid and oleanonic acid. Those compounds display hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticancer, antihypercholesterolemic and hepatoprotective effects.
... However to date, studies of toxicological or anti-carcinogenic influence in vivo have been limited in laboratory animals. While mastic paint has been reported to occasionally cause allergic contact dermatitis (Wakelin, 2001), Kang et al. (2007) reported a no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of mastic gum of 0.67% in the diet in male and female rats, looking at general toxicity against all organs. In that study, liver weights were dose-dependently increased but effects on carcinogenicity were not evaluated. ...
The mastic (Pistacia lentiscus var. chia) tree is native throughout the Mediterranean region and has long proved a source of food additives and medical treatments. To investigate the modifying effects of Chios Mastic Gum on rat liver carcinogenesis, 6-week-old male F344 rats were subjected to the established rat liver medium-term carcinogenesis bioassay (Ito-test). At the commencement, rats (groups 1-4) were intraperitoneally injected with 200 mg/kg body weight of diethylnitrosamine (DEN). After two weeks, mastic was added to CRF (Charles River Formula)-1 powdered basal diet at doses of 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1% in groups 1-4, respectively. At week 3, all rats were underwent two-thirds partial hepatectomy. The experiment was terminated at week 8. As results show, liver weights were significantly increased in a mastic dose-dependent manner among groups 1-4. The numbers (/cm(2)) and the areas (mm(2)/cm(2)) of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive cell foci (>or=0.2 mm in diameter) were significantly increased in the DEN-1% group compared to the DEN-alone group, along with the average areas per foci and larger-sized foci (>or=0.4 mm). 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)+GST-P double-immunohistochemistry showed the highest BrdU-labeling indices within GST-P foci in the DEN-1% group. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in liver DNA did not vary, while real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of livers revealed many up- or down-regulated genes in the DEN-1% group. In conclusion, this is the first report to display a promotion potential of Chios Mastic Gum on the formation of preneoplastic lesions in the established rat liver medium-term carcinogenesis bioassay.
... Therefore, we conclude that mastic gum did not exert a direct immunotoxic effect or a generalized stress. However, as mastic gum is associated with allergenicity, including contact dermatitis (Keynan et al., 1987(Keynan et al., , 1997Wakelin, 2001), it may induce immunological response under some conditions. As the conventional examination of lymphoid system tissues is generally not sufficient to identify subtle lymphoid system changes (Haley et al., 2005), enhanced histopathology including immunohistochemical techniques is warranted in further studies. ...
Dietary toxicity of mastic gum, a natural food additive, was studied in male and female F344 rats fed 0%, 0.22%, 0.67% and 2% levels mixed into powdered basal diet for 13 weeks. No mortality or obvious clinical signs were observed in any of the animals throughout the experimental period. Body weights were significantly reduced in the high dose-treated group from week 2 to the end of the experiment in males, and at weeks 8 and 13 in females. There were increased absolute and relative liver weights in a dose-related manner or limited to the high dose group males or females, along with changes in hematological parameters, including increased WBC and platelet in high dose males. Altered serum biochemistry parameters included increases of total proteins, albumin, and total cholesterol in both sexes, and gamma-GTP in females only. However, macroscopic examination at necropsy revealed no gross lesions, and microscopic examination also revealed no treatment-related findings in any organs examined. As dietary treatment of mastic gum for 13 weeks in the present study caused decreased body weights at the high dose, especially in males, and increased liver weights in a dose-related manner in both genders without any morphological findings, it is concluded that the administration of it has a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 0.67% in the diet.
Background:
Mastisol Liquid Adhesive is widely used on the skin, especially after surgical procedures. It contains gum mastic, gum storax, methyl salicylate, and ethanol.
Objective:
The aims of the study were to review our experience patch testing patients allergic to Mastisol and to assess coreacting substances.
Methods:
We identified 18 patients who were allergic to Mastisol. Most of these had a history of postoperative or cardiac electrode dermatitis and underwent patch testing with multiple surgically related substances, including ingredients of Mastisol, compound tincture of benzoin, and fragrance-related ingredients and botanicals.
Results and conclusions:
Among Mastisol-allergic patients, 13 (72%) of 18 were allergic to gum mastic, whereas 7 (44%) of 16 were allergic to gum storax. There was frequent coreactivity with various fragrance-related materials, including Majantol, Styrax benzoin, Myroxylon balsamum, Myroxylon pereirae, propolis, and others. Two gum mastic-allergic patients had positive patch tests with hydroperoxides of linalool and several other linalool-containing essential oils. As gum mastic contains linalool, it may explain some gum mastic reactions. Among patients without a history of postoperative contact dermatitis, 1 (0.4%) of 250 was patch test positive for gum mastic. This patient had allergic contact dermatitis from fragrances, so the gum mastic reaction was likely a true-positive relevant reaction.
The resin of Pistacia lentiscus (L.) var. chia (Duham), an evergreen shrub belonging to the family Anacardiaceae and uniquely cultivated in southern Chios, is known as mastic. It has been used for more than 2500 years in traditional Greek medicine for treating several diseases such as gastralgia and peptic ulcers, while the actions of the gum are mentioned in the works of Herodotus, Dioscorides and Galen. Several Roman, Byzantine, Arab and European authors make extensive references to mastic's healing properties. Modern scientific research has justified the beneficial action of mastic to gastric diseases, by revealing its in vivo and in vitro activity against Helicobacter pylori, which is considered as the main cause for gastric ulcers. Furthermore, studies of the antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-Crohn and anticancer activities of mastic have characterized it as a wide-range therapeutic agent and a potential source of nature-originated treatments.
Keywords:allergic contact dermatitis;surgical paint;colophonium;AlphacopalTM;Manilla resin;orthopaedic surgery;post-operative complications;adhesive tapes
3 cases of contact dermatitis due to a Chinese herbal orthopaedic solution Tieh Ta Yao Gin and its putative ingredients are reported. Patch testing demonstrated allergy to mastic and myrrh, natural gum resins widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to relieve pain and swelling due to traumatic injury.