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Effect of mouthwash and accelerated aging on the color stability of esthetic restorative materials
Abstract
To evaluate the color stability of esthetic restorative materials after immersion in mouthwashes and accelerated aging.
Compomers and resin-based composites (RBC) were measured at baseline and repeatedly after immersion in three kinds of mouthwash (Listerine, Peridex, Rembrandt Age Defying) for 24 hrs and 7 days, and after aging for 150 kJ/m2. Color was measured according to CIE L*a*b* color scale on a reflection spectrophotometer.
After immersion for 7 days, the mouthwash groups did not produce significantly higher color changes than the distilled water group, except with some mouthwashes used with Tetric-Ceram. After immersion for 7 days and aging for 150 kJ/m2, the mouthwash groups did not produce significantly higher color changes than the distilled water group. Aging in weathering chamber produced color change (deltaE*) of 1.1-3.9, which was mainly influenced by the material. With some exceptions, the color changes from immersion of the RBCs and compomers in mouthwashes were not perceptible (deltaE*<3.3).
... Although, staining of teeth and oral mucous membranes is a well known side-effect with chlorhexidine mouthrinses (Addy, et al., in 1995), no perceptible color change of both tested resin-composite restorative materials was observed after immersion in Antiseptol mouthrinse. This finding was in accordance with Lee et al., in 2000. This result may be due to the fact that there were no food additives in the immersion solution which are considered as dietary chromogens that may modify the resultant effect, playing an important role on the color change. ...
... The greatest perceptible color change was observed on using sodium fluoride-containing mouthrinses (Flucal) with both resin-composites. These results were in disagreement with Lee et al., in 2000, who reported that sodium fluoride-containing mouthrinses (Rembrandt) which was used in their study does not cause a perceptible color change. This may be due to that the percentage of sodium fluoride in Flucal (0.2%) was higher than that found in Rembrandt (0.05%). ...
... In spite of a high alcohol content and low pH of Listerine it did not appear to cause perceptible color change on both resin-composite restorative materials tested. This result was in accordance with Lee et al., in 2000 andGürdal et al., in 2002. On immersion in distilled water no perceptible color change was found with both resin-composite despite that it caused more color change than that obtained with chlorhexidine-containing and alcohol-containing mouthrinses, this result was in accordance with Lee et al., in 2000. ...
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of five commercially available mouthrinses in Egypt (namely; Antiseptol, Citrolen-F, Flucal, Ezaflour, Listerine mouthrinses and distilled water was used as a control) on the microhardness and color stability of two resin composite restorative materials. A total of 120 specimens were fabricated and divided into two groups (Sixty each) for each measurement. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups, according to the hybrid resin-composite used (Tetric ceram;) and (Te-econom; non fluoride-containing). Each group of specimens was immersed after curing in distilled water for 24h, removed and blotted dry, then subjected to either microhardness measurement using a Vicker's microhardness tester or color measurement using spectrophotometer for the base line readings determination. Following that, each group was immersed in 20ml of the assigned treatment solution and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The specimens were then removed, rinsed, blotted dry and resubjected to microhardness or color measurement. The change in hardness value and in color difference was calculated for each sample. The results revealed that, all mouthrinses tested decreased the hardness of both tested resin-composites. The highest reduction in the hardness of both resin-composite restorative materials was found on using alcohol-containing mouthrinses. All tested mouthrinses produced a color change in both tested resin-composite. However, the greatest perceptible color change was observed on using sodium fluoride-containing mouthrinses with both resin-composites. It could be concluded that all mouthrinses tested in this study negatively affected the hardness and the color of the tested resin-composite, but the effect is both mouthrinse and material dependent. Mouthrinses with low pH are more detrimental to the hardness rather than to color stability. The combination between the active ingredients in a one mouthrinse might increase their adverse effect on the restorative materials.
... Although mouth rinses are being increasingly utilized, research on their effects on CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic blocks remains controversial. Limited studies have explored the color changes in hybrid ceramics associated with the use of mouth rinses [13,14] . Hence, this study was to evaluate the color stability of CAD/CAM CERASMART hybrid ceramic blocks after immersion in chlorhexidine and Tantum Verde mouthwashes. ...
... In the current study, no noticeable color difference was noticed following immersion in distilled water. This finding contrasts with the results reported by Lee et al. [14] and Gürdal et al. [19] , who observed more significant color changes after immersion in distilled water compared to chlorhexidinecontaining and other mouth rinses. In the Tantum Verde group, substantial color changes were observed in the hybrid ceramic material, likely due to the presence of ethanol in the solution. ...
Objectives: The color stability of dental restorative materials must be maintained over their functional lifespan to preserve the esthetic integrity of the restoration. However, the regular use of mouthwash may impact their color. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of two commercially available types of mouthwash with different compositions on the color stability of nano-hybrid CAD-CAM blocks. Methods: Thirty square samples of 1 mm thickness were constructed from nano-hybrid CAD-CAM blocks (CERASMART, GC, Tokyo, Japan). Samples were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10) according to the oral rinse solutions; Control group: distilled water (DW), group I: Tantum Verde and group II: Hexitol. Samples were incubated for 24 hours in the investigated solutions. The alteration of color resulting from immersion in various solutions was assessed utilizing a spectrophotometer. The values of color change (ΔE) were subsequently calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Tukey's HSD post-hoc was used for pairwise comparison. Results: There were significant differences in ΔE of CERASMART samples exposed to a range of immersion media (p<0.001). Tantum Verde showed the highest ΔE values. Both investigated mouthwashes showed non-significant differences when compared to each other. ΔE values for both mouth rinses showed a significant difference when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Extended use of mouth rinses has the potential to induce color changes in hybrid composite CAD-CAM materials. Therefore, mouth rinses containing ethanol and alcohol should be advised with caution for daily use, especially with nano-hybrid CAD-CAM restorations.
... Considering these factors, mouthwashes are widely used as a chemical method [7,8]. However, the ingredients used in these materials could cause discoloration of the composite restorations and lead to restoration replacement [9][10][11]. Different studies have investigated the effect of mouthwashes on the color change of composite restorations; however, they have reported different results [12][13][14]. ...
... In addition, the review showed that in different studies, the comparison of the effect of different mouthwashes rendered controversial results [15]. For instance, Diab et al. [10], Lee et al. [9] and Gürdal et al. [11] reported that chlorhexidine mouthwash did not cause significant discoloration while fluoride mouthwash caused the greatest color change. It seems that several factors may have contributed to the differences observed in color stability values in the literature, including the type of resin composite, mouthwash formulation, and immersion time [15]. ...
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of common mouthwashes on the color change of a nanohybrid composite and its further stain susceptibility to Coke and coffee.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty composite discs were prepared and initial color values were measured using a spectrophotometer. The specimens were grouped based on the 24h exposure to common mouthwashes including Listerine, chlorhexidine, two types of fluoride mouthwashes (alcohol free and alcohol containing) as well as distilled water as control (N=30). The color change (ΔE1) values were calculated to show the amount of color change caused by mouthwashes. Subsequently, the specimens in each group were subdivided and immersed in the secondary colorant solution (coffee, Coke and, distilled water) for seven days. The total color change (ΔE total) values were obtained to show the stain susceptibility. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The calculated ΔE1 of resin composite was significantly higher for all mouthwash groups than that of the control group; however, all were in the clinically acceptable range. Exposure to Listerine and distilled water caused more staining effects compared to other mouthwashes after immersion in secondary colorant solutions. Regardless of primary mouthwash type, coffee and distilled water caused the highest and the least total discolorations, respectively (P<0.001).
Conclusion: All mouthwashes caused a clinically acceptable color change in resin composite; however, further stain susceptibility depended on the mouthwashes but was not higher than distilled water.
... There was a difficulty in acquiring spectrophotometer which is a more accurate method to detect color changes of dental restorations which is based on human perception and decrease subjective interpretation as compared with the virtual method [12][13][14]. The test samples were kept at a room temperature (26)(27)(28). ...
... tea, nicotine and CHX rinses), the most significant effect of CHX. is the discoloration of teeth and restorative material with nano-filled composite resins which were clinically reasonable so this result is in accordance with our study [26]. While it's in contrast with [27] who have found that although visually no perceptible mouth-rinses affect color stability and [21,28] who have shown that the effects of mouth-rinses on the color stability are not different from these of distilled water. ...
The aim of our study is to estimate the effects of three commercially available mouth-rinses with three different concentrations (0.2%, 0.12%, 0.02%) with three different intensities light cures which are (100, 300, 600 nm) to assess correlation between the effects of different CHX. Concentration and different intensities of light cure on composite discoloration.
... This was in agreement with Lee et al who declared that the color difference values were within the acceptable range for the evaluated esthetic restorative materials after immersion in mouth rinses (ΔE*<3.3). 56 It was also noted by Fay et al that chlorhexidine and water did not promote perceivable color changes. 57 On the other hand, several previous studies reported a perceptible discoloration of composite resins by CHX (ΔE>3.3). ...
... This was not in agreement with Lee et al and Gürdal et al who found more color change after immersion in distilled water than that obtained with chlorhexidine-containing and other mouthrinses. 56,64 One of the limitations of the current study is the in vitro testing, where some extent intraoral simulation was carried out focusing on the individual discoloration effects of each rinse. Many other factors can affect color where being emphasized that they were isolated or associated, such aspresence of saliva, poor prosthesis cleaning, [65][66][67][68] oral environment particles, 64,69 fabrication technique effect on material porosity, 70,71 material surface flaws, 64,71 and surface polishing may affect the color stability of composite resins. ...
... [24][25][26] Gargara ve antiseptik solüsyonlarda renk özelliğini de veren pigmentlerin yoğunluğu, solüsyonun akışkanlık özelliği, kompozit rezin örnek yüzeyine yapışma ve ıslanabilirlik özellikleri renklenmeyi etkileyen önemli faktörlerdir. 27 Çalışmada kullandığımız povidon iyot içerikli antiseptik solüsyon yoğun kıvamı ve yüksek renklendirici pigment içeriği ile her iki kompozitte de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek ΔE değerine yol açmıştır. Lee ve ark. ...
... Lee ve ark. 27 farklı ağız gargaralarının kompozit rezinlerin renk stabilitesini inceledikleri araştırmalarında, farklı kompozitler ve farklı ağız gargaraları arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edememişlerdir. Çalışmamızda ise Listerin grubu örneklerinin ΔE değerleri diğer gargara ve antiseptik gruplarından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.05). ...
... as durability of surfaces after using alcohol-containing mouthwashes. The literature on the detrimental effect or lack of effect of EO alcohol-containing mouthwashes on microhardness (SMH), 12,13 surface roughness, 13,14 surface strength, 15 fluid absorption, 16,17 color stability, 13,17,18,19,20 and wear 12 of direct restorative materials have demonstrated that these findings were dependent on the type of material used, study design, and analytical methodology. It is well established that saliva provides protection against caries. ...
... No alteration was detected in the color properties of the composite resins, with similar results to certain studies. 15,[17][18][19][20] The effects of peroxide bleaching on the surface texture and chemistry of the restoration are strongly dependent on the type of restoration. 30 Overall, a composite restoration seems to be more reactive to the effects of bleaching. ...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects, including surface morphological characteristics and chemical elemental properties, of different mouthwash formulations on enamel and dental restorative materials, simulating up to 6 months of daily use. Human enamel samples, hydroxyapatite, composite resin, and ceramic surfaces were exposed to 3 different mouthwashes according to label directions - Listerine® Cool Mint®, Listerine® Total Care, and Listerine® Whitening - versus control (hydroalcohol solution) to simulate daily use for up to 6 months. The samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectrophotometry (µ-Fourier transform infrared microscopy), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and color analysis before and after exposure. No relevant changes were observed in the morphological characteristics of the surfaces using SEM techniques. The physical and chemical aspects of the enamel surfaces were evaluated using mid-infrared spectroscopy, and EDX fluorescence was used to evaluate the elemental aspects of each surface. There was no variation in the relative concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in enamel, silicon and barium in composite resin, and silicon and aluminum in the ceramic material before and after treatment. No relevant changes were detected in the biochemical and color properties of any specimen, except with Listerine® Whitening mouthwash, which demonstrated a whitening effect on enamel surfaces. Long-term exposure to low pH, alcohol-containing, and peroxide-containing mouthwash formulations caused no ultra-structural or chemical elemental changes in human enamel or dental restorative materials in vitro.
... Among intrinsic factors, type of the resin matrix [1], percentage and particle size distribution of the incorporated fillers [1], type of photo initiator [2] and percentage of remaining double bonds [3], are the most important ones. Extrinsic factors include intensity and duration of the polymerization [4], exposure to ambient [5, 6] or UV radiation [6] to heat [6, 7], mouth rinses [8] or food colorants [9]. Mechanisms for discoloration of resin composites include staining by adsorption or absorption of colorants from exogenous sources such as coffee, tea, nicotine, beverages, spirits and mouth rinses [10, 11]. ...
... For this reason, their stainability is of major concern [12] . A significant number of studies have investigated the behavior of direct composites in staining environments891011, but only a few reported on such behavior of indirect materials212223. Direct and indirect materials are based on the same resin formulations, but their different curing protocols may affect differently their resistance to discoloration. ...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different staining solutions on the color coordinates of indirect light-cured resin composites. 112 discs were made using four indirect composites, Signum+/Haraeus-Kulzer, Sinfony/3M-Espe, GC Gradia/GC, Ena HRi/Micerium, and divided into four groups which immersed in tea, coffee, chocolate and distilled water, at 37 °C, for 4 weeks. The color, before and after immersion for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, was measured according to CIELAB system and ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔE* values were calculated for all immersion periods. The effect of time, solution and material on primary and secondary color coordinates was estimated using two-way repeated ANOVAs and pairwise comparisons, at a = 0.05. The results showed that coffee strongly affected all the materials (p < 0.05), followed by tea and chocolate. Sinfony presented the highest color change (p < 0.05), due to changes in b* and L* coordinates. Color coordinates were affected differently by material type and solution. In conclusion, this study showed that the color of indirect resin composites was affected by all three examined factors (immersion time, staining solution and material type), in a clinically appreciable level (ΔΕ* > 2.7 U) even from the first week, and in an unacceptable level (ΔΕ* > 5.5 U) in the second, third and fourth week, depending on the staining solution and the material.
... 5,11 Dietary patterns, such as caffeine, tea, red wine, orange juice, some soft drinks and food colorants also have been shown to influence the color stability of restorative materials. [6][7][12][13][14][15][16] Some oral habits, such as cigarette smoking [17][18] and alcoholic beverage drinking 6 may exacerbate the external discoloration of resin-based materials. Frequently, cigarette smokers consume alcoholic drinks simultaneously, 19 making the associated effect of both habits even more detrimental for color stability of resin-based materials. ...
... In order to simulate the long-term intraoral color stability of composites, several in vitro studies have developed methods to expose the material to environmental factors, like visible light and UV radiation, 16,20 prolonged immersion in water 4,21-22 and artificial accelerated aging. 2,5,14,[23][24][25] Discoloration of resin-based materials is frequently measured by colorimetry, which is a branch of the science of color, based on the digital expression of the color perceived from the object. 6 The most commonly used method to assess chromatic differences is the Standard Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE L*a*b*) Color System, where L* represents the value of white (100) or black (0), and hue (color) and chroma (saturation level) are represented by the chromatic axes a* (positive values representing red and negative values representing green chroma) and b* (positive values representing yellow and negative values representing blue chroma). ...
To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke and whiskey on the color stability of resin composites.
Disk-shaped specimens (8 mm x 1 mm) were prepared with five composites in two different shades (n=10). After light-curing, the specimens were stored in dark containers with artificial saliva at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Baseline color was measured by CIEL*a*b* using a colorimeter (Easy-Shade, VITA). Half of the specimens were subjected to a discoloration process in a cigarette smoking machine (SM) and the other half to an immersion in whiskey (WH) for 24 hours. Another color measurement was performed for discolored specimens. The samples subjected to smoking were immersed in whiskey (SM/WH) and those subjected to whiskey immersion were subjected to cigarette smoking (WH/SM) followed by another color measurement. Color changes (delta E*) were calculated and submitted to repeated measures 4-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (P<0.05).
The most significant color change was observed after WH/SM (delta E*= 22.8-31.5) discoloration process, followed by SM (delta E*= 7.0-18.0), SM/WH (delta E*= 4.9-16.5) and WH (delta E*= 2.0 to 9.5). Translucent shades were more susceptible to discoloration than enamel shades. All the groups, with the exception of two, showed a significantly high perceptible color change (delta E*>3.3). Based on the results, the color stability of dental composites was affected by the discoloration process and was material and shade dependent.
... Similar to our findings, studies investigating the color changes of CRs did not find any significant difference between CRs and mouthrinses. [28][29][30] The brand of mouthrinse and its ingredients may affect the color recovery of the CR. In the present study, LAW contains Tetrasodium pyrophosphates, and CPCW has pyrophosphates and charcoal whereas LTC has total effect without bleaching. ...
Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of mouthrinses on the color recovery of stained one-shade (Charisma Topaz One [CTO]) and multi-shade (Estelite Sigma Quick [ESQ]) composite resins. Methodology: Sixty disc-shaped specimens (8-mm diameterx2-mm thickness) were prepared (n=30 for each composit resin). After polishing (Sof-Lex), the specimens were stored in 37°C for 24h. The specimens were stained by coffee immersion for 168h at 37°C, and then randomized into three subgroups based on the type of mouthrinse (n=10): LAW: Listerine Advanced White; CPWC: Colgate Plax White+Charcoal Capitano Whitening; LTC: Listerine Total Care. Colorimetric measurements were performed at baseline (T0), after staining (T1) and after mouthrinse immersion for 12h at 37°C (T2) with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easy shade). CIELab parameters were used for the analysis. Color change expressed by ΔE and ΔL, Δa, Δb were calculated. The data were subjected to two-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey, Student t tests (p<0.05). Results: All samples demonstrated clinically unacceptable color change after coffee-discoloration (ΔE>3.3). CTO showed significantly higher ΔE (12.16±1.37) than ESQ (7.48±0.95) (p=0.001). The mouthrinses led to a distinct increase in the L and decrease in the a and b after staining. LAW and CPWC resulted in significant differences in ΔL (p=0.001), Δb (p=0.031) and ΔE (p=0.002) of ESQ, while causing significant difference in Δb of CTO (p=0.037) at T2-T0. Conclusion: Whitening mouthrinse may reduce the discoloration of coffee-stained composite resins, but not match the initial colour. It provides a better whitening effect in multi-shade composite resin than one-shade composite resins.
... Nevertheless, in contrast to our examination, it was demonstrated in these investigations that the color change occurred at a level considered clinically acceptable. 19,[28][29][30] The composites in these investigations were not subjected to aging prior to immersion in mouthwash, whereas in our research, we posit that subjecting the composites to a 6-month aging process in distilled water enhances their susceptibility to color alteration. ...
... Listerine can cause polymer matrix precipitation, dissolution of residual monomers, and erosion in resin materials. Low pH and alcohol can affect the surface integrity of resin-based materials and predispose them to discoloration [22,23]. ...
Purpose:
Resins composites are widely used in modern dentistry because of their aesthetic and physical properties. However, discoloration of anterior tooth restorations is a common complaint. Understanding the factors affecting the colour stability of resin composites can lead to longer-lasting repairs. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the colour changes of nanocomposite-based bulk-fill and universal resin composites after immersion in coffee using various polishing systems.
Materials and methods:
A total of 160 samples were prepared using four different composite groups, with 40 pieces for each combined group. Based on the finishing procedure, the samples were divided into four subgroups for each composite group. Three different polishing procedures were applied to the samples according to the manufacturer's instructions. The control group was not subjected to any treatment. Initial colour measurements were performed using a VITA Easyshade V spectrophotometer. After the initial measurements, the samples were immersed in a Nescafe coffee solution for seven days, followed by colour measurements. Data were analysed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and two-way analysis of variance. Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test was used to determine differences between subgroups.
Results:
The results indicate that bulk-fill resins exhibit more discolouration than universal composites; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The resin group with the smallest discolouration was Ceram X, and the most effective polishing method was Twist polishing.
Conclusion:
Final surface polishing significantly reduced the composites' discolouration. These findings support the selection of appropriate materials and polishing techniques to achieve aesthetic outcomes and colour stability in dental restorations.
... This is typically related to the solubility of the resin matrix and the chemical deterioration of the filler-resin link 15 . Surface polishing and the susceptibility to extrinsic staining are directly impacted by the composite's structure and particle properties 16 . Because lower porosity and higher smoothness inhibit the adherence of substances like food colouring, tobacco, dental biofilm and others that change the colour of composites. ...
... [34] Similarly, Lee et al. discovered that, while being visually imperceptible, oral rinses alter color stability. [35] The specimens examined in the present study demonstrated noticeable discoloration following immersion for varying periods of time. It is possible that the aqueous element present in the oral rinses could have influenced both the alteration in color and the changes in microhardness. ...
... 17 Lee et al. also found that mouthrinses affect color stability even though it is not visually perceived. 18 In our study, a composite resin without Bis-GMA showed adequate color stability and also showed clinically acceptable color change after holding time. Whitening mouthrinses containing various chemicals such as sodium citrate, sodium hexametaphosphate, peroxides, enzymes and pyrophosphates, work by bleaching or abrading the stain from the surface in the control of discoloration. ...
Purpose: Recently, many whitening mouthrinses have appeared on the market with different ingredients due to their ease of use and low costs. Whether these mouthrinses change the color of composite resins has been a matter of curiosity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of whitening mouthrinses with different chemical structures on the color stability of a Bis-GMA free resin composite. Materials&methods: Seventy disc-shaped specimens (8 mm x 2 mm) were prepared from a Bis-GMA free composite resin and randomly divided into seven groups, according to the mouthrinses (n=10): Listerine Advanced White, Colgate Optic White, Perfect White Black, Crest 3D White, Pasta Del Capitano, Oral B 3D White Luxe. The control group used in the study was distilled water. After the baseline color measurement values were recorded with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easy Shade V, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany). At the end of the keeping period, color measurements were repeated and changes in color values were calculated (ΔEab) using the CIE L*a*b* color system. Statistical analysis of the values obtained was made according to Kruskal Wallis test (p
... In the present study we tried to correlate surface roughness as one of the contributing factors in composite discoloration process. Surface roughness is usually correlated to the filler size of the resin composites and pattern of finishing and polishing of their surfaces [1,21] . ...
... Available evidence from the current literature showed that daily use of some mouthwashes, especially those with low pH and certain active ingredients (such as alcohol or essential oils) can negatively affect the physical, optical and mechanical properties of resin-based restorative materials. [10][11][12][13][14] Recently, a universal single-shade dental composite (Omnichroma ® ) has been introduced by Tokuyama Dental. This resin composite material has uniformly sized supranano spherical fillers and utilizes smart chromatic technology that allows the use of a single-shade resin composite that matches all 16 VITA classical shades. ...
Aim
To investigate the effects of selected alcohol-free mouthwashes with different formulations (zinc-hydroxyapatite, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium fluoride) on the surface microhardness of a single-shade universal resin composite.
Materials and Methods
Forty disc-shaped specimens (8 × 2 mm) from the universal resin composite (Omnichroma ® ), and a nano-hybrid composite (Tetric ® N-Ceram) were prepared. After polymerization, baseline surface microhardness values were recorded using Vickers microhardness tester. The samples from each material were randomly assigned to 4 groups ( n = 10) and immersed in 20 ml of the mouthwashes: Biorepair ® , Listerine ® , Colgate ® Optic White, and distilled water (control). The samples were kept in the immersion solutions for 24 hours, and post-immersion microhardness values were recorded. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and paired sample t-tests at p < .05.
Results
Significant reduction in microhardness was observed in all resin composite groups after immersion in the mouthwashes compared to baseline values ( p < .0001). The highest microhardness reduction in Omnichroma ® group was observed after immersion in Colgate ® Optic White; and Tetric ® N-Ceram group after immersion in Listerine ® mouthwash. For both materials, the least reduction in microhardness was observed after immersion in Biorepair ® . Microhardness values for Omnichroma were significantly higher than Tetric ® N-Ceram ( p < .0001). However, Omnichroma exhibited a significantly greater reduction in microhardness after immersion in the tested mouthwashes.
Conclusion
In vitro simulated use of the investigated mouthwashes negatively affected the surface microhardness of both tested resin composites. The observed effects were both mouthwash and material dependent.
... Listerine can cause polymer matrix precipitation, dissolution of residual monomers, and erosion in resin materials. Low pH and alcohol can affect the surface integrity of resin-based materials and predispose them to discoloration [22,23]. ...
Purpose. is study is a comparison of the e ects of temporary restorative materials (PRMs) on the color change that occurs due to the use of di erent mouthwash solutions in two time periods. Material and Methods. One hundred fty disc-shaped specimens (10 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated with three PRMs chemically polymerized PMMA (Imident-I), chemically polymerized bisacrylic composite resin (Acrytemp-A), and CAD/CAM PMMA-based polymer (TelioCAD-T) according to manufacturers' instruction and using a CAD/CAM milling system (n 10). CIE L * a * b * values of specimens were recorded before immersion. Samples were immersed in solutions (Distilled water-DW, Kloroben-CHX, Listerine Advanced White-LAW, Listerine Total Care-TC, and Listerine Zero-TCZ) in two time periods (t 1 , t 2). Color measurements of the samples were made with the help of a spectro-photometer before and after they were removed in mouthwashes (VITA Easyshade V). Results. According to the statistical analysis results, signi cant di erences were observed between the results obtained in our study. e highest roughness values in ΔE1 were seen in A-LAW (1.83) and the lowest in T-DW (0.61). In ΔE2, the highest roughness values were observed in I-LAW (2.70), and the lowest in T-DW (1.05). ΔE values of all obtained groups were found within clinically acceptable limits (ΔE < 3.7). Conclusions. e content of temporary restorative materials, the production technique, the type of mouthwash, and the immersion time of the restoration a ect the color stability. Mouthwash with a whitening e ect caused the most discoloration. Among the temporary restorative materials, it was the CAD/CAM material that best preserved its color stability.
... 13 Lee et al. investigated the color stability of composite resins of different mouthwashes and found no significant difference between different composites and different mouthwashes. 35 In daily use, factors such as the washing effect of saliva, mouth water intake, food-beverage variety and their interactions may affect the color change after mouthwash. The effect of mouthwash in daily use should also be examined clinically, and the effect of these solutions on the color stability of composite restorations should always be considered. ...
Objectives: The aim of this in-vitro study is to investigate discoloration of the composite resins with different characteristics which were colored by immersing in coffee, kept in mouthwashes with and without hydrogen peroxide.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 18 samples (6 mm x 2 mm) pre-heated bulk-fill (Viscalor Bulk -(VIS)), dual-cured (Fill Up!-(FUP)) bulk-fill and a microhybrid composite resin (G-aenial posterior-(GCP)) were prepared. After the samples were kept in distilled water for 24 hours, baseline colour measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer. ΔE001 color measurements were made of the samples immersed in coffee for 7 days. The samples were divided into two groups to be kept in mouthwashes with hydrogen peroxide (Crest 3D White) and without hydrogen peroxide (Listerine Advance White) (n=9). ΔE002 color measurements were applied after kept in whitening mouthwashes for 24 hours. Discoloration were calculated with the CIEDE2000 formula. Data were statistically analysed with One-way ANOVA and post hoc tukey tests (p<0,05).
Results: For samples immersed in coffee, while statistically highest ΔE values were obtained in GCP (7.30) group, there was no difference between VIS (3.30) and FUP (3.01). Statistically significant colour reduction was observed in VIS and FUP samples kept in both mouthwashes (p<0.05). GCP samples showed colour change above the clinically acceptable threshold (ΔE<2.25).
Conclusions: A decrease in discoloration for all materials was found as an effect of whitening mouthwashes. However, GCP showed clinically unacceptable discoloration after immersed in coffee or mouthwashes. Both whitening mouthwashes provided effective whitening for VIS and FUP groups.
... L*a*b* values obtained after measurement with spectrophotometer device were applied to the color change formula in the CIELAB space, and the achievement of ΔE* ab >3.3 defined as color change value was accepted as visible color change. 43 In this study, we recorded ΔE* ab >3.3 after bleaching all treatments in terms of the CIELAB system. CIEDE2000 formula was approved by International Commission on Illumination for use by color scientists to aid specify acceptability and perceptibility by defining the coefficient factor that mainly influences the perception of the eye rather than assessing whole variables equally as in CIELAB formula. ...
The aim of this investigation is to assess effect of three different bleaching techniques on structural integrity, mineral density and volume of enamel via micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and examine color changes by CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas. Twenty-four upper premolar teeth were randomly separated into three different groups (n = 8) (group 1, 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel with Er,Cr:YSGG laser activation; group 2, 35% HP gel with diode laser activation; group 3, 35% HP gel with chemically activation). High-resolution micro-CT system (Bruker Skyscan 1275, Kontich, Belgium) was carried out to scan samples. Each tooth was scanned twice before-after application of bleaching with same scanning parameters. Structural thickness, structural separation, fragmentation index, mineral density, and mineral volume of enamel were calculated for each region of interest (ROI). Color changes were measured with spectrophotometer and calculated with CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas. Data analysis was made with one-way ANOVA with post-hoc LSD. Micro-CT analysis indicated that statistically significant differences were found in structural thickness, and separation, mineral density, and mineral volume of enamel for different ROIs before and after whitening for whole groups (P < .05). Significant differences were detected among inter-groups for these parameters in different ROIs (P < .05). There was no significant difference among groups for color alterations (P > .05). All bleaching applications exhibited similar efficiency on the enamel surface. Nevertheless, bleaching process with Er,Cr:YSGG laser had less negative effects on enamel as it showed less change in enamel compared to other bleaching treatments. Micro-CT analysis of histomorphometric parameters can be useful for further mineralization studies of dental hard tissues. K E Y W O R D S bleaching, color change, hydrogen peroxide, micro-CT
... As a result, several studies have analyzed the color stability of dental materials exposed to alcohol-containing, alcohol-free and chlorhexidine antiseptic mouthrinses. 3,[5][6][7][8] Alcohol and chlorhexidine have unique characteristics that have contributed to their addition to mouthrinse solutions and both have antiseptic properties. Alcohol helps the breakdown or dissolution of active principles and preserves the components of the formula. ...
Objective:
To assess the color of different orthodontic resin bonding agents exposed to three antiseptic mouthrinses for a prolonged time interval (10-year aging simulation).
Methods:
160 specimens were distributed into four groups, according to the orthodontic resin bond agent (Concise, Transbond XT, Transbond Plus Color Change, and Natural Ortho). Each group was exposed to different antiseptic mouthrinses: alcohol-based (Listerine®), alcohol-free (Oral-B®), chlorhexidine (Periogard®) and distilled water as the control. Specimens were submitted to two cycles of staining and artificial aging. Color was evaluated by means of a digital spectrophotometer at the beginning of the experiment and after every cycle. The system used to assess color changes was the CIE L*a*b*. Data was analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test.
Results:
After simulation of 10 years of aging, Transbond XT and Natural Ortho composites presented no statistically significant differences in ∆E when exposed to different mouthrinses. The Concise composite specimens exposed to alcohol-free mouthrinse presented a significant difference when compared with specimens from the same group exposed to other antiseptic mouthrinses. Transbond Plus Color Change specimens exposed to chlorhexidine mouthrinse and to alcohol-containing mouthrinse presented a significant difference when compared with the specimens from the group exposed to water and alcohol-free antiseptic.
Conclusion:
All orthodontic resin bonding agents tested presented clinically perceptible color changes when exposed to at least one of the mouthrinses, except for the Natural Ortho composite. The Concise composite exposed to the alcohol-free solution was the resin that presented the highest color change values.
... Studies have reported that mouthrinse with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate can cause discoloration. 27 In this study, when the RBRs immersed in Klorhex were compared with the control group, no increase was observed in ΔE 00 values. This may be due to the fact that it do not contain alcohol and colorants. ...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of commonly used mouthrinses on the discoloration and whiteness of resin‐based restoratives (RBR). Two hundred disc shaped specimens (5mm diameter, 2mm tick) of a micro‐hybrid composite (FZ‐Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE), a ormocer (AD‐Admira, Voco), a giomer (BE‐Beautifil II, Shofu) and a compomer (DX‐Dyract XP, Dentsply) RBRs were prepared (50 from each). The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h, then immersed for another 12 h in five mouthrinses of distilled water, Klorhex, Tantum Verde, Oral‐B Complete Lasting Freshness and Listerine Cool Mint. The specimens were subjected to color measurements, using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V, VITA Zahnfabrik) before and after immersion. Color change (ΔE00) and whiteness index (WID) were calculated and data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA, two‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). BE was the most colored RBRs in all solutions. ΔE00 values of all RBRs immersed in Tantum Verde were above the acceptability threshold. DX showed the highest negative ΔWID values in all solutions. ΔE00 and ΔWID showed higher values for all RBRs when immersed in Tantum Verde. FZ and AD are the most successful, BE and DX are the most unsuccessful RBRs in terms of on color stability and whiteness caused by the use of mouthrinse. After all RBRs were immersed in different mouthrinses, they changed in terms of color and whiteness.
... dad bucal, la literatura demuestra la existencia de diferentes métodos de verificación del comportamiento de los mismos en un período de tiempo que simulan su envejecimiento. De entre éstos, podemos mencionar que, se destacan los métodos de inmersión en soluciones.19,20 Basándonos en estos aspectos se determinó realizar este estudio in vitro, donde se han fabricado los cuerpos de prueba y se los ha sometido a diferentes soluciones para estudiar el efecto causado por la ingestión de bebidas consumidas más frecuentemente por los niños en las restauraciones dentales realizadas con dos tipos de cementos de ionómeros vítreos.En este estudio, se decidió evaluar la rugosidad superficial y la alteración de color que producen tres tipos diferentes de bebidas 21 en las restauraciones dentales, aproximándonos a la frecuen-cia en la ingestión que realizarán los niños por un período determinado de tiempo. ...
El objetivo de este estudio in vitro fue analizar la rugosidad superficial y la alteración de color de dos tipos de ionómeros vítreos luego de ser sometidos a diferentes soluciones. En una matriz de teflón (8x2mm), fueron confeccionados 60 cuerpos de prueba con 2 tipos de ionómeros fotopolimerizables: 30 para el Fuji II LC (M1) y otros 30 para el Ketac N100 (M2). El aparato utilizado fue el Elipar Freelight 2 3M Espe. La fotopolimerización se realizó por 20 segundos cada cuerpo de prueba. Luego de la confección, los sesenta cuerpos de prueba fueron mantenidos en gasa humedecida por 24 hs en estufa a 37ºC y luego se clasificaron y luego se dividieron en tres grupos de 10 cada uno para ser sometidos a 3 tipos diferentes de soluciones: agua destilada (S1), bebida carbonatada (S2) y jugo cítrico (S3) por 90 segundos diariamente durante 14 días. Las lecturas de la alteración de color, obtenidas a través de un colorímetro, y las de rugosidad superficial, realizadas por medio del rugosímetro, fueron realizadas a las 48 hs. (T0) y luego a los 14 días (T1). Los resultados obtenidos fueron sometidos al test ANOVA y Tukey (p?0.05). Los resultados mostraron que; a) La bebida carbonatada (S2) tuvo mayor media de alteración de color (?E*) en relación a las otras soluciones, b) que Ketac N100 (M2) tuvo mayor media con respecto a la rugosidad superficial en la interacción material por solución. Por tanto, se concluyó que trascurrido determinado período de tiempo las propiedades estéticas y físico-mecánicas de los materiales estudiados se ven afectados.
... than the values in our study, which may be attributed to different storage conditions and duration of storage of samples. Lee et al. [13] compared polished and glazed porcelain. They subjected the samples to accelerated aging and after 100 hours, measured the color parameters using a spectrophotometer. ...
Background and Aim: Discoloration is a major concern with regard to the use of tooth-colored restorations. Type of restorative material and surface treatment are believed to play a role in this regard. This study sought to compare the color change of glazed and polished dental porcelain after 30 days of immersion in chlorhexidine (CHX).
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 20 discs with 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were fabricated of A1 shade of Noritake porcelain using a gypsum mold. All samples had one opaque layer. They were then randomly divided into two groups of 10. Glaze powder was added to porcelain in group 1, and group 2 was polished using a polishing kit. The CIE L*a*b color parameters of samples were then measured using a spectrophotometer. All samples were immersed in 0.02% chlorhexidine solution for 30 days and color parameters were then measured again. Change in each color parameter was compared between the two groups (polished and glazed) using t-test.
Results: After 30 days of immersion in CHX, ∆E was 0.76±0.16 in the glazed and 0.89±0.16 in the polished group. The difference in this regard between the two groups was not significant (P=0.092).
Conclusion: Both polishing and glazing confer optimal color stability to dental porcelain.
... Listerine can cause biodegradation, polymer matrix collapse, removal of residual monomers, and erosion resulting in discolouration of the resin content of materials with low pH (3.5) and alcohol (21.6%) (Villalta et al. 2006). Lee et al. (2000) found no perceptible colour change in compomers and resincontaining composites after aging in Listerine mouthwashes (for 24 h, 7 days, and at 150 kJ/m 2 ). In the present study, we also observed a slight discolouration that was clinically nondetectable in the resin composite (FU) group placed in Listerine. ...
Aim:
This was to investigate the effects of Klorhex, Tantum Verde, Kloroben, and Listerine on the discolouration of composite resin, compomer, giomer, and resin-modified glass ionomer.
Methods:
Fifty disc-shaped specimens from each restorative material (n = 50) were prepared; initial colour values were measured with a spectrophotometer. Forty specimens from each group were placed in the four different types of mouthwashes (n = 10), while the remaining 10 specimens were immersed in distilled water for 2 min, twice a day for a period of 3 weeks. Colour change (ΔE*) values were obtained and the results were evaluated statistically.
Results:
The ΔE* of composite resin in Klorhex (0.84 ± 0.37) was significantly lower than that of the other mouthwash groups. Moreover, composite resin showed the least colour change when compared with the other materials in all four mouthwashes. Resin-modified glass ionomer values were significantly higher in Tantum Verde (6.36 ± 2.82) when compared with the other mouthwashes (p < 0.05). Clinically appreciable discolourations were observed in the resin-modified glass ionomer specimens placed in Tantum Verde and Listerine.
Conclusions:
Nano-filling composite resins are the most successful aesthetic restorative materials, whereas the commonly used resin-modified glass ionomers exhibit more aesthetically divergent results following the use of mouthwashes.
... This situation changes the color by shifting the UV scatter to higher or lower values in the visible spectrum. There have been several studies on the coloration of composites, denture-base resin, [14][15][16][17][18][19] but there was no literature available on the coloration of aesthetic bioceramic materials. ...
PURPOSE
In this study, three bioceramic materials, [IPS Empress CAD (Ivoclar), IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar), and Lava Ultimate CAD (3M ESPE)] were treated with three commercial mouthrinses [Listerine, Tantum Verde, and Klorhex]; and changes in colour reflectance and surface roughness values were then quantitatively assessed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and twenty ceramic samples, with dimensions of 2 × 12 × 14 mm, were prepared and divided into nine sample groups, except three control samples. The samples were immersed in the mouthrinse solutions for 120 hrs, and changes in colour reflectance and surface roughness values were measured by UV light spectrophotometry (Vita Easyshade; VITA Zahnfabrik) and by profilometer device (MitutoyoSurftest SJ-301), respectively. The change of surface roughness was inspected by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
RESULTS
There was a positive correlation between the ΔE and increase in the surface roughness. Two of the ceramic materials, IPS Empress and Lava Ultimate, were affected significantly by the treatment of the mouthrinse solutions (P<.05). The most affecting solution was Tantum Verde and the most affected material was Lava Ultimate. As expected, the most resistant material to ΔE and chemical corrosion was IPS e max CAD among the materials used.
CONCLUSION
This work implied that mouthrinse with lower alcohol content had less deteriorating effect on colour and on the surface morphology of the bioceramic materials.
... Therefore, apart from water, other solvents can result in deleterious effects on matrix composites [9,10], since they are an intermittent or continuous source of chemical degradation [7,11]. However, there are few studies designed to assess the influence of mouthwashes on the mechanical and chemical properties of 2 International Journal of Dentistry -these materials [10,12], although there is a concern about their effects on the physical properties of composite resins such as discoloration, staining, and translucency [13]. In most cases, the formula of these mouth rinses contains water, antimicrobial agents, salts, preservatives, and alcohol in different concentrations [12]. ...
Objective
Composites sorption and solubility can be precursors of several chemical and physical processes, which lead to deleterious effects on the polymer structure. This study evaluated the effect of mouthwashes on solubility and sorption of composite resins.
Materials and Methods
Forty-two specimens of each evaluated composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Flow, Opallis Flow, Durafill VS, and Filtek Z350) were prepared and randomized into seven groups for each solution (mouth rinses with and without alcohol and distilled water) and stored for seven days. Solubility and sorption tests were performed according to ISO4049. Data were analyzed using 2-way-ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for means comparison (α = 0.05). In addition, paired t-test was performed to analyze the alcohol effect on the studied composite resin properties.
Results
Listerine Cool Mint (containing alcohol in its composition) caused the greatest degree of sorption for all composites tested in comparison to other rinses, while for solubility this behavior was observed for Opallis Flow and Durafill VS composite resins (p < 0.05). Regarding the composites, Opallis Flow showed the highest sorption and solubility values in general (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Overall, the sorption and solubility of composites were higher in mouthwashes containing alcohol in its composition, with Opallis Flow being the most affected composite resin.
... Generally, it is believed that surface roughness is associated with the filler size of the composite resins. [6,22] Previous studies have mentioned that resin composite resins with smaller filler sizes promote smoother surfaces. [6,23,24] In the present study, there was no significant difference among the composite resins, whereas the nanohybrid composite resins GS and CME exhibited similar surface roughness with the micro-hybrid composite resin RC. ...
Objective:
Different polishing kits may have different effects on the composite resin surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness and color stability of four different composites which was applied different polishing technique.
Materials and methods:
Thirty specimens were made for each composite resin group (nanohybrid, GrandioSo-GS; nanohybrid, Clearfil Majesty Esthetic-CME; hybrid, Valux Plus-VP; micro-hybrid, Ruby Comp-RC; [15 mm in diameter and 2 mm height]), with the different monomer composition and particle size from a total of 120 specimens. Each composite group was divided into three subgroups (n = 10). The first subgroup of the each composite subgroups served as control (C) and had no surface treatment. The second subgroup of the each composite resin groups was polished with finishing discs (Bisco Finishing Discs; Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA). The third subgroup of the each composite resin was polished with polishing wheel (Enhance and PoGo, Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany). The surface roughness and the color differences measurement of the specimens were made and recorded. The data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test, and regression analysis was used in order to examine the correlation between surface roughness and color differences of the specimens (α = 0.05).
Results:
The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant difference among the composite resins in terms of ΔE (P < 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference among composite resins in terms of surface roughness (P > 0.05). Result of the regression analysis indicated statistically significant correlation between Ra and ΔE values (P < 0.05, r2 = 0.74).
Conclusion:
The findings of the present study have clinical relevance in the choice of polishing kits used.
... [21] The structure of the composite and the characteristics of the particles have direct effects on surface polishing and on the susceptibility to extrinsic staining. [22] Restoration polishing is particularly important in order to delay the discolouration and aging processes of the composite, because higher smoothness and less porosity reduce the adherence of agents responsible for changing the color of composites, such as dental biofilm, food colourants, tobacco, and others. [23] Oral habits such as tobacco use and certain dietary patterns (for example, caffeine intake) may exacerbate the external discolouration of composite materials. ...
This paper aims to submit the report the aesthetic correction in a disharmonious smile and unsatisfactory composite restorations in anterior teeth who were treated with direct aesthetic restorative procedure. The results show the use of this technique to allows an immediate aesthetic quality, directly and inexpensively restoring the natural features of the smile.
... [21] The structure of the composite and the characteristics of the particles have direct effects on surface polishing and on the susceptibility to extrinsic staining. [22] Restoration polishing is particularly important in order to delay the discolouration and aging processes of the composite, because higher smoothness and less porosity reduce the adherence of agents responsible for changing the color of composites, such as dental biofilm, food colourants, tobacco, and others. [23]Oral habits such as tobacco use and certain,dietary patterns (for example, caffeine intake) may exacerbate the external discolouration of composite materials. ...
This paper aims to submit the report the aesthetic correction in a disharmonious smile and unsatisfactory composite restorations in anterior teeth who were treated with direct aesthetic restorative procedure. The results show the use of this technique to allows an immediate aesthetic quality, directly and inexpensively restoring the natural features of the smile.
... [21] The structure of the composite and the characteristics of the particles have direct effects on surface polishing and on the susceptibility to extrinsic staining. [22] Restoration polishing is particularly important in order to delay the discolouration and aging processes of the composite, because higher smoothness and less porosity reduce the adherence of agents responsible for changing the color of composites, such as dental biofilm, food colourants, tobacco, and others. [23]Oral habits such as tobacco use and certain,dietary patterns (for example, caffeine intake) may exacerbate the external discolouration of composite materials. ...
Abstract: This paper aims to submit the report the aesthetic correction in a disharmonious smile and unsatisfactory composite restorations in anterior teeth who were treated with direct aesthetic restorative procedure. The results show the use of this technique to allows an immediate aesthetic quality, directly and inexpensively restoring the natural features of the smile.
Key words: Composite Resin,Class IV, Aesthetic.
... [21] The structure of the composite and the characteristics of the particles have direct effects on surface polishing and on the susceptibility to extrinsic staining. [22] Restoration polishing is particularly important in order to delay the discolouration and aging processes of the composite, because higher smoothness and less porosity reduce the adherence of agents responsible for changing the color of composites, such as dental biofilm, food colourants, tobacco, and others. [23] Oral habits such as tobacco use and certain dietary patterns (for example, caffeine intake) may exacerbate the external discolouration of composite materials. ...
This paper aims to submit the report the aesthetic correction in a disharmonious smile and unsatisfactory composite restorations in anterior teeth who were treated with direct aesthetic restorative procedure. The results show the use of this technique to allows an immediate aesthetic quality, directly and inexpensively restoring the natural features of the smile.
Key Words: Composite Resin,Class IV, Aesthetic.
... Since the direction and magnitude of the color changes differed for the thermally and photochemically induced color changes, it seemed that varied mechanisms were involved in color change of resin composites 5 . However, regardless of the aging protocols, color shift, chroma change and hue difference were observed in resin composites 10, 19 . It was reported that lighter or less chromatic shades tended to show larger color changes than more chromatic or darker shades 13,26 , and higher CIE a* and b* YDOXHV KDG D QHJDWLYH LQÀXHQFH RQ WKH color change after aging 22 . ...
... 13 The literature shows different methods for simulating these conditions, which reflect the behavior of the composite resin under conditions of long-term use. In addition, there are the methods of immersion in solutions, such as water, 45 tea, wine, 18 mouthwashes, 19 cycles of immersion in water at different temperatures alternated with light irradiation, 36 and the AAA method, in which exposure to ultraviolet light B (UV-B), is alternated with exposure to a highly humid environment. 32,33,38 In the present study, one of the methods used was 4-h cycles of AAA for 384 hours, a period after which degradation and significant changes in the composite occur. ...
Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of two adhesive systems and different aging protocols on the bond strength of a -repaired microhybrid composite.
Materials and methods:
Eighty test specimens (n = 20) and 10 control specimens measuring 8 x 4 mm were fabricated of a microhybrid composite (4 Seasons, shade A2) and grouped according to time/aging protocol: G1: 24 h in artificial saliva; G2: 7 days in artificial saliva; G3: 30 days in artificial saliva; G4: artificial accelerated aging (AAA) for 384 h; G5: control. After aging, samples were submitted to three types of surface treatment: SB2: Adper Single Bond 2, a two-step adhesive (3M ESPE); SB3: Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, a three-step adhesive (3M ESPE); C: without application of adhesive (control). After this, test specimens were repaired with the same composite of a different shade (C3), and submitted to the microtensile test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Failure modes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Jeol JSM 7500). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05).
Results:
G2/SB2 presented significantly lower bond strength values in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.05). The control group presented the highest bond strength values, which differed statistically significantly from SB3, G3/SB2, and G4/SB2 (p < 0.05). Fractographic analysis demonstrated that most samples presented predominantly cohesive failures, excepting GI/SB2, which presented mixed and cohesive failures, and G4/SB2 and G1/SB3, which showed adhesive failures.
Conclusion:
The repair was more effective when performed after a short period of time and when the 3-step adhesive system (SB3) was used.
... In the oral environment, many factors can cause the extrinsic discoloration of resin composites: exposure to mouthrinses, consumption of acidic or staining foods and drinks 7) . Intrinsically within the composite resins, structure of the resin matrix and characteristics of the filler particles have a direct impact on surface smoothness and susceptibility to extrinsic staining 8) . Resin matrix and filler particles of composite resins do not abrade to the same degree due to different degrees of hardness. ...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of polishing procedures on the color stability of different types of composites after aging. Forty disk-shaped specimens (Ø10×2 mm) were prepared for each composite resin type (an ormocer, a packable, a nanohybrid, and a microhybrid) for a total of 160 specimens. Each composite group was divided into four subgroups according to polishing method (n=10): control (no finishing and polishing), polishing disk, polishing wheel, and glaze material. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) and surface roughness were measured before and after accelerated aging. Of the polishing methods, glazed specimens showed the lowest color change (∆E*), ∆L*, and ∆b* values (p<0.05). Of the composite resins, the microhybrid composite showed the lowest ∆E* value, whereas the ormocer showed the highest (p<0.05). For all composite types, the surface roughness of their control groups decreased after aging (p<0.05). In conclusion, all composite resins showed color changes after accelerated aging, with the use of glaze material resulting in the lowest color change.
... Since the direction and magnitude of the color changes differed for the thermally and photochemically induced color changes, it seemed that varied mechanisms were involved in color change of resin composites 5 . However, regardless of the aging protocols, color shift, chroma change and hue difference were observed in resin composites 10, 19 . It was reported that lighter or less chromatic shades tended to show larger color changes than more chromatic or darker shades 13,26 , and higher CIE a* and b* YDOXHV KDG D QHJDWLYH LQÀXHQFH RQ WKH color change after aging 22 . ...
Indirect resin composites are generally regarded to have better color stability than direct resin composites since they possess higher conversion degree.
The present study aimed at comparing the changes in color (ΔE) and color coordinates (ΔL, Δa and Δb) of one direct (Estelite Sigma: 16 shades) and 2 indirect resin composites (BelleGlass NG: 16 shades; Sinfony: 26 shades) after thermocycling.
Resins were packed into a mold and light cured; post-curing was performed on indirect resins. Changes in color and color coordinates of 1-mm-thick specimens were determined after 5,000 cycles of thermocycling on a spectrophotometer.
ΔE values were in the range of 0.3 to 1.2 units for direct resins, and 0.3 to 1.5 units for indirect resins, which were clinically acceptable (ΔE<3.3). Based on t-test, ΔE values were not significantly different by the type of resins (p>0.05), while ΔL, Δa and Δb values were significantly different by the type of resins (p<0.05). For indirect resins, ΔE values were influenced by the brand, shade group and shade designation based on three-way ANOVA (p<0.05).
Direct and indirect resin composites showed similar color stability after 5,000 cycles of thermocycling; however, their changes in the color coordinates were different.
... In the present study, a custom-made specimen holder was used to eliminate the “edge loss” phenomenon. In future studies, it would be useful to consider factors such as light scattering, gloss, shade and transparency when assessing overall discoloration of these materials.11,19 ...
To investigate the colour stability of four indirect composite restorative materials after accelerated aging.
Four indirect composites (Gradia, Signum+, HFO and Adoro) were used. For each material, six specimens were prepared and subjected to accelerated aging (Suntest CPS+, Atlas, Chicago, IL, USA) according to ISO 7491. A Dr. Lange Microcolor Data Station colorimeter (Braive Instruments, Liege, Belgium) was used to measure specimen colour before and after aging. Measurements were performed according to the CIE L*a*b* system, and the mean L*, a* and b* values for each material were calculated. The equation DeltaE = [(DeltaL*)2 + (Deltaa*)2 + (Deltab*)2](1/2) was used to measure the total colour change (DeltaE), where DeltaL*, Deltaa* and Deltab* are the differences in the respective values before and after aging. One-way ANOVA were used to determine statistically significant differences in DeltaL*, Deltaa*, Deltab* and DeltaE.
No statistically significant differences were found in DeltaL*, Deltaa*, Deltab* and DeltaE among the materials tested (PDeltaL*=.063; PDeltaa*=.521; PDeltab*=.984 and PDeltaE=.408). After aging, Gradia specimens showed an increase in lightness (DeltaL*=0.36) and a green-yellow shift (Deltaa*=-1.18, Deltab*=0.6), while Signum+ specimens exhibited an increase in lightness (DeltaL*=0.5) and a green-blue shift (Deltaa*=-0.9, Deltab*=-0.45). HFO specimens exhibited an increase in lightness (DeltaL*=0.75) and a green-yellow shift (Deltaa*=-1.3, Deltab*=0.06), and Adoro specimens exhibited an increase in lightness (DeltaL*=2.07) and a green-yellow shift (Deltaa*=-1.3, Deltab*=0.68).
Colour changes were found to be within accepted values of perceptibility and clinical acceptance after accelerated aging, and no statistically significant differences were found in DeltaL*, Deltaa*, Deltab* and DeltaE among the materials tested.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gastric acid on different resin-based composites with surface microhardness, surface roughness and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Method: Three different composite resin restorative materials (Clearfil Majesty ES-2{Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan}, Beautifil II {Shofu, Ratingen, Germany}, Group Beautifil II LS {Shofu, Ratingen, Germany}) were used. Vickers microhardness and surface roughness measurements were evaluated at baseline, after 7 and 14 days of soaking in gastric acid. SEM images were obtained to examine the effects of gastric acid on the surface properties of the composites. Results: When the difference in the microhardness values of the composite resins was compared, the time-dependent change in all composites was found to be statistically significant. The most surface roughness and hardness changes occurred in Beautifil II group (p:0.000; p
Introduction: Chlorhexidine is commonly used to treat dental
diseases as a broad-spectrum topical antibacterial medication.
Povidone-iodine is a water soluble blend of molecular iodine and
the solubiliser polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Amsarveda (pharmaceutical
company) developed a natural mouth sanitiser with liposomal
curcumin.
Aim: Comparative evaluation of the effect of chlorhexidine
mouthwash, povidone-iodine gargle and herbal mouth sanitiser
on colour stability and surface roughness of conventional
nanohybrid composite.
Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted
in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
at KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat,
India, from November 2020 to June 2021. Total 60 extracted
human permanent maxillary premolar teeth were selected.
Class V restorations were performed on the extracted teeth
with nanohybrid composite resin. The samples were divided
into three groups by computer randomisation. The three test
solution groups (n=20 each) ie., group A- chlorhexidine 0.2%
mouthwash, group B has povidone-iodine (2%), group C- herbal
mouth sanitiser. The colour change and surface roughness of all
the samples were measured before and 15 days after immersion
into the test solutions. The data was collected and statistically
analysed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and
Tukey’s post-hoc test.
Results: The ΔE values for all three groups show a statistically
significant difference (p-value
Statement of problem:
Some mouthwash ingredients may stain composite resin restorations, but how the daily use of mouthwashes might affect the color of composite resin restorations is unclear.
Purpose:
The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate whether mouthwashes can affect the color of direct composite resin restorations.
Material and methods:
Bibliographical searches were carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, with no restriction on language, country, or date of publication. Studies addressing the effect of mouthwashes on the color stability of composite resins were included. The level of evidence of selected articles was determined by a qualitative scoring system and classified as high, moderate, or low.
Results:
Based on the search strategy, a total of 129 articles were retrieved; of which, 15 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies (93%) were classified as having a high level of evidence. Filtek Z350 and Listerine were the most frequently tested composite resin and mouthwash. Eight studies used distilled water as a control, 5 used artificial saliva, 1 study used an alcohol solution, and 1 did not include a control group. The composite resins were continuously immersed in the mouthwashes in 9 studies or in daily cycles in 6 studies. All studies tested the color change of the specimens after immersion in the mouthwashes. The color change was considered clinically acceptable (ΔE≤2.7) for all test mouthwashes in 10 studies.
Conclusions:
Most studies reported that mouthwashes did not cause a clinically unacceptable color change in composite resins.
Amaç: Bu
çalışmanın amacı farklı içeceklere, ağız çalkalama solüsyonlarına ve diş
macunlarına maruz bırakılan kompomer rezinlerin renk stabilitesini
değerlendirmektir.Gereç
ve yöntemler: İçecek, ağız çalkalama solüsyonu ve diş macunu grupları için 5’er
alt grup oluşturuldu. Çalışmada kullanılan tüm örnekler (her grup için n=10)
üreticilerin tavsiyelerine göre, 10 mm çapında ve 2 mm yüksekliğinde disk
şeklinde hazırlandı. Aynı marka ve aynı renk tonu kompomerler (Voco, Glasiosite Caps, A2)
kullanıldı. Polimerizasyon sonrası
örnekler, 600, 800 ve 1000 gritlik silikon karbid diskler kullanılarak su
soğutması altında zımpara makinesi ile cilalandı. Tüm örnekler
distile su içerisinde 24 saat 37 ° C’de inkübe edildi. Örnekler üç alt gruba ayrıldı (Grup 1:
içecekler, Grup 2: ağız çalkalama solüsyonları ve Grup 3: diş macunları).
Birinci gruptaki örnekler beş farklı içecek içerisinde, ikinci gruptaki örnekler
beş farklı ağız çalkalama solüsyonu içerisinde 24 saat 37 °C’de bekletildi.
Örneklerin fırçalanması (Grup 3) aynı operatör tarafından günde iki kez, 2
dakika süreyle 4 hafta uygulandı. Bütün grupların renk değerleri bir spektrofotometre ile uygulamalardan önce ve sonra ölçüldü. Bulgular: Tüm gruplarda
uygulamalar sonrası renk değişiklikleri gözlendi (∆E= 0,71 – 5,09). İçecek grupları arasında, ağız çalkalama
solüsyonları arasında ve diş macunları arasında, önemli istatistiksel
farklılıklar bulundu (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Klinik olarak kabul
edilebilir değerden (∆E=3,3) daha fazla renk değişimi yapan içecekler ve diş macunları
daha dikkatli kullanılmalıdır. İleri klinik araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
The aim of the current study was to evaluate in vitro the color change of two resin composites, when Chlorhexidine (CHX) is associated with protein from diet, by means of the colorimeter. Thirty disk-shaped specimens were made from each restorative material and they were polished and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C. The specimens were randomly allocated into six groups according to the immersion solution: grape juice without protein, association between grape juice without protein and CHX, grape juice with protein, association between grape juice with protein and CHX, CHX or artificial saliva - control. During 28 days, the composite resin disks were immersed into the respective solution 5 days per week, 3 minutes daily. Before start the immersion period and at the end of each seven days, the specimens were submitted to the colorimeter. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, which showed that the restorative material, staining agent, time and their interaction were found to play a statistically significant role (p<0.01) in color change. It may be concluded that the color change of composite resins is related to characteristics of different restorative materials and that the CHX increased the staining of the composites over time. Clinical Significance: The color of restorative materials is an important factor in esthetics and may be influenced by the association of chlorhexidine and beverages, especially containing tannin.
The aim of the current study was to evaluate in vitro the color change of two resin composites, when Chlorhexidine (CHX) is associated with protein from diet, by means of the colorimeter. Thirty disk-shaped specimens were made from each restorative material and they were polished and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C. The specimens were randomly allocated into six groups according to the immersion solution: grape juice without protein, association between grape juice without protein and CHX, grape juice with protein, association between grape juice with protein and CHX, CHX or artificial saliva - control. During 28 days, the composite resin disks were immersed into the respective solution 5 days per week, 3 minutes daily. Before start the immersion period and at the end of each seven days, the specimens were submitted to the colorimeter. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, which showed that the restorative material, staining agent, time and their interaction were found to play a statistically significant role (p<0.01) in color change. It may be concluded that the color change of composite resins is related to characteristics of different restorative materials and that the CHX increased the staining of the composites over time.
Master the use of dental materials in the clinic and dental laboratory and stay current with this ever-changing field with Craigs Restorative Dental Materials, 13th Edition. From fundamental concepts to advanced skills, this comprehensive text details everything you need to know to understand the scientific basis for selecting dental materials when designing and fabricating restorations. This practical, clinically relevant approach to the selection and use of dental materials challenges you to retain and apply your knowledge to realistic clinical scenarios, giving you an authoritative advantage in dental practice.
Objectives: Aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of staining solutions on the color stability of four indirect composite materials.
Methods: Four indirect composites of A2 shade, namely Signum+/Haraeus Kultzer, Sinfony/Kuraray, Gradia/GC and HRi/Shofu were immersed in four different solutions (tea, coffee, chocolate and distilled water) at 37C for a period of 1 and 2 weeks. A hundred and twelve cylindrical specimens (1.23 mm height, 8.67 diameter) were fabricated, 7 for every solution, that means 28 specimens for every material. Color measurements were performed in the CIE L*a*b* system using Dr Lange Microcolor colorimeter, at the baseline (before immersion), and 1 week and 2 weeks after immersion. ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔΕ* values were calculated and the color differences between materials were derived using a 2-way nested ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple comparisons test.
Results: The 1st week of immersion, ΔΕ* values of all materials reached the level of 3,3 units in all immersing solutions according to the clinical acceptable criteria established by Seghi RR et al (1989) and increased more the 2nd week. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among immersing solutions (p<0,001 for both 1 and 2weeks), and among materials (p=0,0013, p=0,008 for 1 and 2weeks respectively). ΔΕ* of all materials was increased in coffee solution above the 10 units, while chocolate did not exceed the 5units. All materials showed similar behavior within solutions, except HRi in coffee where it showed the lowest ΔE* value.
Conclusions: All solutions affected the color of all tested materials from the first week. The staining solutions affected significantly the color appearance of all tested materials, with the greatest affect to present when they immersed in coffee. The contribution of the secondary color parameters ΔL*, Δa* and Δb* in the overall color difference (ΔE*) was different for the different materials.
A saúde tem sido definida como um estado de completo equilíbrio físico, mental e social e não apenas a ausência de doença ou enfermidade. Este conceito é atual, e significa que para um indivíduo ser considerado saudável, devem ser respeitados vários aspectos (OMS, 1948).
Hoje em dia, a cárie e a doença periodontal são, mais obviamente do que nunca, vistas como processos de doenças infecciosas. Deste modo, modelos médicos de tratamento e ações não restauradoras que incluem medidas de controle da cárie e métodos de remineralização de lesões iniciais por um lado, e raspagem e alisamento radicular associada ao emprego de alguns agentes terapêuticos como colutórios por outro lado, têm sido muito defendidos.
Atualmente o mercado dispõe de uma série de formulações contendo agentes antimicrobianos bucais, e estes têm sido exaustivamente avaliados com relação à sua eficácia como agentes antiplaca e/ou antigengivite, além do controle à halitose de origem bucal. Também a ocorrência de possíveis efeitos colaterais indesejáveis tem sido oportunamente investigada.
Dentre os enxaguatórios bucais (colutórios, também conhecidos como enxaguantes bucais), podemos considerar: as bis-biguanidas, os óleos essenciais, os fenóis, os compostos de amônio quaternário, os compostos oxigenantes (peróxido de hidrogênio), os derivados do cloro (dióxido de cloro), os extratos vegetais (fitofármacos), ainda os fluoretos, os antibióticos e combinações de agentes antimicrobianos.
Estes enxaguatórios têm muitas vezes sido testados como adjuntos de procedimentos normais de higiene oral, e pelo menos dois agentes, em particular, digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% e óleos essenciais (mentol, xilol, eucaliptol e salicilato de metila) têm demonstrado eficácia clínica tanto para inibir ou reduzir a formação do biofilme dental e periodontal, e também a severidade da gengivite e da periodontite.
Data are needed to better predict the color stability of current composite resin materials.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different storage solutions on the color stability of different composite resin materials.
Different restorative and adhesive composite resin specimens (dual-polymerizing self-adhesive resin cement, autopolymerizing resin-based composite resin, dual-polymerizing resin-based composite resin, nanohybrid composite resin, and microhybrid composite resin) were fabricated and stored in red wine, black tea, chlorhexidine, sodium fluoride, tea tree oil, or distilled water for 4 weeks at 37°C. Color parameters were measured with a colorimeter before and after storage. Total color differences and specific coordinate differences were expressed as ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb. A 2-way and 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons were applied for statistical calculations (α=.05).
Red wine caused the most severe discoloration (ΔE >10), followed by black tea with perceptible (ΔE >2.6) to clinically unacceptable discoloration (ΔE >5.5). Colored mouth rinses discolored the materials to a lesser extent with clinically acceptable values. Dual-polymerizing resin adhesives showed a higher amount of discoloration.
Current restorative and adhesive composite resin materials discolor over time under the influence of different storage solutions. The composition related to the polymerizing mode seemed to be a causative factor. (J Prosthet Dent 2013;109:378-383).
Color changes after polymerization and aging of dental resin composites are perceptible. If these color changes can be predicted
by the shade of material before polymerization or clinical use, color matching of composites with teeth would be improved.
The objectives were to measure the correlations among the color coordinates (CIE L
∗, a
∗ and b
∗) of dental resin composites and the changes in color (Δ E
∗
ab
) and color parameters (Δ L
∗, Δ C∗
ab
, and Δ H
∗
ab
) after polymerization (PO) and thermocycling (TC), and to determine whether the range of color coordinates influenced these
correlations. Color of two resin composites (26 shades) was measured before and after PO, and after TC with a reflection spectrophotometer.
Regression analyses were performed among the color coordinates and the changes in color and color parameters after PO and
TC. After PO, Δ E
∗
ab
was correlated with CIE L
∗ value measured after PO, and CIE a
∗ and b
∗ values measured before PO (p < 0.01). After TC, Δ E
∗
ab
was correlated with CIE b
∗, a
∗, and L
∗ measured after PO (p < 0.01). Correlations among the color coordinates and the changes in color parameters after PO or TC varied, but were generally
significant (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analyses showed that Δ E
∗
ab
values after PO and TC were mainly influenced by CIE L
∗ after PO (multiple r = 0.87 after PO and 0.58 after TC). Correlations were also influenced by the range of color coordinates. Within the limit
of this study, shade of resin composites significantly influenced the changes in color and color coordinates after PO and
TC. Light shades (high CIE L
∗ shades measured after polymerization) showed small color changes after polymerization and thermocycling.
Purpose: To evaluate the color changes of hybrid ionomers (resin-modified glass ionomers) with and without glaze. Materials and Methods: Specimens of hybrid ionomer restorative materials were measured at baseline and measured again after immersion in five stains (coffee, chlorhexidine, cola, red wine, and water as control) for 72 hours. Color was measured by CIE L*a*b* on a reflection spectrophotometer. Results: Water produced imperceptible color changes. Coffee and wine produced perceptible changes in all samples tested. Red wine was particularly damaging to Advance. Fuji II LC glaze was effective in resisting discoloration by chlorhexidine rinse, coffee and wine. Vitremer glaze resisted discoloration by chlorhexidine rinse. Hybrid ionomers are susceptible to discoloration by drinks and rinses. Using glaze as directed by manufacturer aids in stain resistance.
The color stability of 3 light-polymerized veneer materials were investigated and compared to that of 3 conventional heat- and auto-polymerized veneer materials. Three sample discs of each material in distilled water at 37°C were exposed to a xenon-light source. Another 3 specimens were kept in darkness and exposed to distilled water at 37°C. The color characteristics of all the samples were measured by a computercontrolled spectrophotometer. The appearence was characterized by means of the L*, a* and b* uniform color space (CIELAB) and the total color difference was calculated. The accelerated test had the ability to discriminate between the various products. The time studies (2 months) would probably correspond to several years of clinical use.
This study measured the pH and alcohol (ethanol) content of a number of proprietary mouthrinses available for purchase by the general public, as well as assessing the influence of the alcohol content on police exhaled air analysis (breathalysing) procedures. The majority of the mouthrinses were acidic, some with a pH as low as 3.40. Only one was found to be alkaline and one near neutral in pH. The ethanol content varied from 0 to 27 per cent. The effect of the alcohol content on the results of the exhaled air analysis were transient and would be unlikely to influence any legal proceedings.
Staining of teeth and mucous membranes is a well-known side-effect with chlorhexidine mouthrinses in which dietary chromogens play an important rôle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a co-polymer anti-adhesive agent would prevent staining by a low concentration chlorhexidine solution. Additionally, the possibility that an essential oil/phenolic rinse product may cause staining was investigated. The rinses studied were the anti-adhesive alone and combined with 0.02% chlorhexidine and the essential oil/phenolic rinse. These were positioned against a positive control rise, 0.2% chlorhexidine, and a negative control rinse, water. The study was a single blind 5-treatment, randomised Latin square cross-over design, incorporating balance for carry-over effects. 15 volunteers participated and on Day 1 of each study period were rendered stain free by scaling and polishing of the teeth. Oral hygiene was suspended and 8 x per day subjects rinsed under supervision, firstly with the allocated formulation and then with 10 ml of warm black tea. On Day 4, tooth and tongue staining was scored by area and intensity (colour). A washout period of at least 3 1/2 days was permitted between treatment periods when oral hygiene was resumed. Before the study and during washouts, volunteers practised tongue brushing. Tooth and tongue staining was significantly increased with 0.2% chlorhexidine compared to the essential oil/phenolic rinse which in turn was significantly increased compared to the other 3 rinses. The antiadhesive/chlorhexidine rinse produced no more staining than the anti-adhesive or water rise. However, the parallel plaque regrowth study suggests this inhibition of staining resulted from the vitiation of the chlorhexidine activity by the antiadhesive. The methodology would appear a simple and quick way of assessing the propensity of mouthrinses to cause extrinsic staining.
This study investigated whether commercially available mouthwashes could affect or change the color of a hybrid composite resin. Twenty-four disks were fabricated and divided into eight equal groups for testing. At baseline, six colorimetric recordings and color parameters (L*, a*, b*) were recorded for each grouping of disks using a Chroma Meter CR-300 in reflectance mode. The groups of disks were immersed in their respective mouthwashes for 2 minutes a day in a vibratory fashion over a 6-month period. At the end of 6 months, color differences, delta E, were calculated between the base line and test recordings. The results indicate that rinsing with mouthwashes for 6 months can cause a hybrid resin to undergo color variations. Except for one product the color variations were not clinically significant.
Studies show that mouthwashes containing alcohol soften the surface of composite resin restorations. The present study determined weight change over time in heat-treated composite resin soaked in alcohol and nonalcohol-containing mouthwashes. The results indicate that samples soaked in mouthwashes containing alcohol gained significantly more weight than samples soaked in nonalcoholic mouthwashes.
This study evaluated the color stability of a polyacid-modified composite (compomer) upon exposure to stains. Five disks were prepared for immersion in each of five stains: coffee, chlorhexidine, cola, red wine, and water as a control. Color measurements were made on a reflection spectrophotometer at baseline, after 24-hour incubation, and after 24, 48, and 72 hour immersion in each stain. At 24 hours, perceptible color changes occurred for specimens in red wine and coffee. After 48 hours, perceptible color changes occurred for specimens in cola. Chlorhexidine and water caused no perceptible color changes. A compomer is susceptible to staining by coffee, red wine, and cola.