Article

Influence of parents’ oral health behaviour on oral health status of their school children: An exploratory study employing a causal modelling technique

March 2002
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 12(2):101-8

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-263X.2002.00338.x

Source
PubMed

Authors:

Mitsugi Okada

Hiroshima University

Yasutaka Kaihara

Asahi University Japan

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The aim of this study was to examine the simultaneous interrelationships between parents' oral health behaviour and the oral health status of their school children. Subjects comprised 296 pairs of parents (mother or father) and their children at an elementary school in Hiroshima. The child's dental examination was performed using the World Health Organization (WHO) caries diagnostic criteria for decayed teeth (DT) and filled teeth (FT). The Oral Rating Index for Children (ORI-C) was used for the child's gingival health examination. Hiroshima University Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI) was used for the assessment of the parents' oral health behaviour. A parent-child behavioural model was tested by the linear structural relations (LISREL) programme. There was a significant correlation between DT and ORI-C (r = - 0.168; P < 0.01). Correlation was found between ORI-C and oral health behaviour in children (OHB-C) (r = 0.182; P < 0.01). OHB-C was significantly associated with the HU-DBI (r = 0.251; P < 0.001). The hypothesized model after some revisions was found to be consistent with the data (chi(2) = 1.3, d.f. = 6, P = 0.97; Goodness of Fit Index = 0.999). Parents' oral health behaviour affected their children's oral health behaviour (P < 0.001). Children's oral health behaviour affected their DT through its effect on gingival health level. Parents' oral health behaviour also had a significant direct effect on their children's DT (P < 0.05). Children's grade affected both DT and their oral health behaviour. Parents' oral health behaviour could influence their children's gingival health and dental caries directly and/or indirectly through its effect on children's oral health behaviour.

The impact of parental oral health behaviors on the oral health of children

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2023

This review underscores the crucial role of parental oral health behaviors in shaping the oral health of children. It highlights the significance of parental knowledge, attitudes, and actions in influencing children's oral hygiene practices and overall well-being. Mothers, in particular, play a pivotal role in guiding their children's oral health habits. Parental oral health behaviors encompass a wide range of practices, including regular dental check-ups, proper oral hygiene routines, diet choices, and the avoidance of harmful habits like smoking and excessive sugar consumption. Active parental involvement in their children's oral care routines during their formative years is instrumental in establishing strong oral hygiene habits. Parents serve as primary role models and educators for their children, leading by example in maintaining good oral health practices. Encouraging parental engagement in oral health promotion programs is crucial for better oral health outcomes in future generations. Public health initiatives should emphasize the importance of parental involvement and provide resources and education to help parents instill sound oral health practices in their children. Recognizing the interconnectedness of oral health with overall well-being, it becomes evident that parental involvement is critical, especially for children who are vulnerable to oral health issues. Parents not only nurture and educate but also shape their children's oral health habits and attitudes. Additionally, contextual factors such as social, cultural, environmental, and economic conditions significantly influence family life and, consequently, oral health attitudes and behaviors.

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2022

Introduction: Oral Health status in children has been shown to be related with oral health patterns learned through the childhood. The children acquire health behaviors from their mothers. Objective: This study aims to assess the oral health related knowledge and practice among mothers in a rural municipality of Eastern Nepal and explore the factors associated with these outcomes. Methods: A randomly selected 268 women either pregnant or having children of less than 6 years of age were interviewed in April- June, 2019 to assess their knowledge and practice regarding oral health. Data was entered using Epidata 3.1. Response on knowledge and practice were presented as frequency and proportion and compared with different maternal variables using inferential statistics. Results: Mean age of the participating women was 25.9 years (SD 5.3). Three participants were pregnant (primigravida). Majority (96.7%) of respondents reported brushing their teeth at least once a day. Only 9.3% reported using fluoridated toothpaste for their children. Similarly, majority (69.4%) of participants had knowledge about wiping baby’s gums after breastfeeding or after letting child bottle feed. Literacy was found to significantly influence the participants’ brushing frequency, brushing technique, practice of brushing or wiping their child’s teeth and gums. Conclusions: Oral health related knowledge among mothers and their practice were found to be unsatisfactory across several domains. Further, these outcomes were found to be influenced by several maternal characteristics. Assessing knowledge-practice gap on oral health resulting from maternal characteristics can provide a basis for providing training to women on necessary parenting skills.

Child-parent agreement on Oral Health Knowledge, Self-Perception, and Behavior in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2024

This study aimed to investigate the proportion of agreement between parents and children on oral health knowledge, self-perception, and behavior in students aged 8–14 years. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 135 elementary school student-parent dyads. The participants completed a structured questionnaire that included closed questions with dichotomous and 5-point Likert scale items covering aspects related to their knowledge, beliefs, and myths about oral health, as well as their self-perception and behaviors. The proportion of child-parent agreement was calculated for each variable. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to evaluate predictors of agreement. Child-parent dyads had significant agreement levels in most responses regarding oral health knowledge/beliefs than oral health self-perception and behaviors. The proportion of agreement was higher in questions about the relationship between sugar and dental caries (0.95, 95% CI: 0.90–0.98), the preventability of dental caries (0.94, 95% CI: 0.89–97), and the protective effect of tooth brushing (0.94, 95% CI: 0.88–0.97). In the multivariate regression model, the child’s older age (Beta = 0.552, P = 0.003) and the higher parent education level (Beta = 0.254, P = 0.023) were predictors for greater agreement on oral health knowledge. The findings suggest that children and parents have high agreement on oral health knowledge; however, their agreement regarding oral health self-perception and behavior is low.

Parental awareness and attitude about oral health habits of their children and its relation to caries experience in 8-10-year-old children

Article

Sep 2022

Aims: To assess level of parental awareness and attitude about dental health habits of their children, presence of permanent first molars (PFMs) and its association with caries experience. Methods and materials: A cross sectional observational study with dental examination was conducted. A random sample of 372 Libyan schoolchildren aged 8-10 years old in primary schools in Benghazi was collected. Information about parents' awareness of presence of PFMs and dental health habits of their children was collected through questionnaire completed by parents. Caries was assessed using DMFT index and WHO criteria. Data were entered into SPSS software version 25. Chi-square test, Cochran's test, sign test and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results: Only 29% of parents were aware of eruption time of PFMs and 53.8% were aware that this tooth is not going to be changed. There were significance associations between fathers' educational level and their knowledge about the dental health habits for their children and DMFT of PFMs (P˂0.05). The association between DMFT index and frequency of dental visit was significant (P<0.05). About 27.7% of sample who consumed sugary foods once a day, mean DMFT was (0.77, SD±1.190), and 37.6% who consumed sugary foods twice a day DMFT was (1.04, SD±1.294). Highest percent of decayed teeth was in the permanent lower left molars. Conclusions: Low level of awareness of parents towards dental health habits for their children and high DMFT. Early parental education to raise their awareness about importance of PFMs must continue to avoid further distraction of dental health.

An Evaluation of Oral Hygiene Habits of Children in the Post-Earthquake Period in Malatya Province

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2024

Zekiye Şeyma Gümüşboğa

Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the oral hygiene habits of children in the post-earthquake period in Malatya. Material and Methods: Three hundred parents presented to Inonu University Department of Pediatric Dentistry for examination/treatment participated in this study. The survey consists of a total of 18 questions. Descriptive statistical methods were used when evaluating the study data. The Chi-square test was used to compare qualitative data. Significance was evaluated at p<0.05 level. Results: 43.3% of the children participating in the study were brushing teeth once a day before the earthquake, 40.3% were brushing teeth rarely, 15% were brushing twice or more a day, and 1.3% were not brushing at all. After the earthquake, the rate of brushing teeth once a day was 31.3%, the rate of brushing teeth twice a day or more was 13%, the rate of rarely brushing teeth was 50%, and the rate of not brushing at all was 5.7%. The decrease in tooth brushing habits of children whose housing changed after the earthquake (30.8%) was statistically significantly higher than that of children whose housing did not change (20%) (p:0.027; p< 0.05). Amaç: Bu kesitsel çalışma, Malatya ilinde deprem sonrası süreçte çocukların oral hijyen alışkanlıklarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya İnönü Üniversitesi Çocuk Diş Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı'na muayene/ tedavi için başvuran 300 ebeveyn katılmıştır. Anket formları ebeveynlere elden verilmiştir. Anket toplam 18 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Çalışma verileri değerlendirilirken tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metodlar kullanılmıştır. Niteliksel verilerin karşılaştırılmasında ise Ki-Kare testi kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık p<0.05 düzeyinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan çocukların deprem öncesi %43,3'ü günde 1 kez, %40,3'ü nadiren, %15'i günde 2 ve üzeri kez dişlerini fırçalıyorken, %1,3'ü hiç fırçalamıyordu. Deprem sonrası günde 1 kez diş fırçalama oranı %31,3, günde 2 ve üzeri kez fırçalama oranı %13, nadiren fırçalama %50 ve hiç fırçalamama oranı %5,7'di. Deprem sonrası yaşam alanı değişen çocukların deprem sonrası diş fırçalama alışkanlığında azalma görülme oranı (%30,8), yaşam alanı değişmeyen çocuklardan (%20) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur.(p:0,027; p<0.05). Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonucunda çocukların yaşam alanları ve koşulları değiştiği için oral hijyen alışkanlıklarının da maalesef azaldığı yada kaybolduğu görülmüştür. Doğal afetlerden sonra en yakın sürede çocuklar için uygun yaşam koşulları sağlanarak oral hijyen alışkanlıkları oluşturmaya tekrar başlanmalıdır.

Year: 2024, Z.Ş. An Evaluation of Oral Hygiene Habits of Children in the Post-Earthquake Period in Malatya Province

Article

Apr 2024

Zekiye Şeyma GÜMÜŞBOĞA

PREDICTION CLASSIFICATION AND MODELLING USING DECISION TREE WITH ORDERED REGRESSION AND ITS APPLICATION TO SOCIO-BEHAVIORAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TOOTHBRUSHING FREQUENCY IN CHILDREN

Article

Aug 2023

Toothbrushing is considered the best self-care behavior for the prevention of oral diseases. Brushing teeth twice a day is considered the social norm, but the development of such habits is dependent on psychosocial, economic, and environmental factors. Recognizing the significance of statistical modeling in medical sciences, this study will use decision trees and ordinal regression to predict frequency of toothbrushing in children. The methodology will be harmonized in the R syntax. The study illustrated the development of the method using 527 observations from WHO oral health questionnaire for children. Before regression analysis, the clinical relevance and significance of each of the 28 variables will be assessed using decision tree analysis and tested for accuracy. The classification obtained will be used as an input for the ordinal regression modeling. According to decision tree analysis, smoking, maternal education, dietary habits, history of toothache and self-rated tooth health contributed significantly to the children’s overall toothbrushing frequency. These six variables were used as input for ordinal regression analysis and the developed syntax was used to assess the goodness of fit for the model. Our proposed method achieves the highest level of forecasting precision possible. The process is an alternate to ordinal regression modelling as the selection of appropriate variables is based on computational analysis, forecasting the importance of the independent variables chosen for the final model. This process demonstrates the possibility of developing prediction models which can then be used to formulate clinical hypothesis and inform future researchers.

Parental awareness and attitude about oral health habits of their children and its relation to caries experience in 8-10-year-old children

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Jan 2022

Parental awareness and attitude about oral health habits of their children and its relation to caries experience in 8-10-year-old children

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Oct 2022

YouTube as a Source for Arabic-Speaking Parent Education on the Oral Hygiene of Children: A Social Media Content Analysis

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2025
PUBLIC HEALTH NURS

Introduction Much primary prevention in public health dentistry depends on parents’ having accurate knowledge about pediatric oral health. In areas with minimal education levels and few oral health professionals, information on this topic is available from the widespread use of the social medial resource YouTube. This study assessed the quality and viewer engagement of YouTube Arabic videos on pediatric oral health practices. Methods Using standard procedures to search YouTube, we identified Arabic‐language pediatric oral health videos. A social media content analysis was conducted and videos analyzed for viewer engagement metrics, country of origin, and creator occupation. The DISCERN instrument was used to evaluate video quality, reliability, and information quality; statistical correlations were examined between these parameters and video statistics. Results A majority of the 47 videos that were identified originated from Egypt and were created by pediatric dentists, attracting an average of 13,328.7 views and 218.7 likes. Quality assessment found 61.7% of videos with moderate quality; 63.8% had only medium levels of reliability (63.8%) and 63.8% medium information quality (63.8%); only a minor segment achieving high reliability and information quality. Correlation analysis revealed a positive but weak association between DISCERN scores and viewer engagement metrics (e.g., likes, comments, views), suggesting that while better quality videos tend to engage more viewers, other factors also contribute to engagement. Additionally, a stronger correlation was noted between the overall quality of videos and both information quality and reliability, indicating that videos with higher‐quality content were perceived as more reliable and informative by viewers. Conclusion While a significant volume of pediatric oral health content is available online, variability in quality highlights the need for stringent evidence‐based standards to ensure the provision of reliable, quality educational materials.

A importância dos responsáveis na saúde bucal das crianças

Article

Mar 2008

Os conhecimentos e práticas dos responsáveis podem tergrande impacto na saúde bucal das crianças. A educação é fatorprimordial para despertar nas pessoas o interesse em manter sua saúde.Quando o foco é a saúde bucal da criança, faz-se necessário que oprocesso educativo se estenda também aos pais e familiares, para queestes sejam agentes de motivação na inserção e perpetuação de hábitossaudáveis. Entretanto, para que as intervenções educativas alcancem oêxito desejado, é necessário inicialmente conhecer as percepções epráticas individuais em relação à saúde. Desta forma, o objetivo desteestudo foi avaliar, através da revisão da literatura, a importância dosresponsáveis na saúde bucal das crianças.

Oral health knowledge, attitude and practices of Bangladeshi female sex workers toward their 7-to-17-years old children: a cross-sectional study

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2025
BMC Oral Health

Background Children born into prostitution often face significant barriers in accessing healthcare, including oral health services. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of female sex workers (FSWs) regarding their school-going children’s oral health, as well as the oral health status of these children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2023 to February 2024 with a sample of 180 FSW mothers/institutional caregivers and their school-going children between ages 7 to 17. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on KAP. The children’s oral health was assessed using the DMFT/dmft index for caries and the gingival index (GI) for gingival health, while plaque and calculus levels were measured using the plaque index (PI) and calculus index (CI), respectively. Results Among the FSW mothers/ institutional caregivers, 79% had good knowledge of oral health, 77.2% displayed a positive attitude, and 62.8% were informed about proper oral health practices. FSW mothers/ institutional caregivers who had higher educational attainment were three times more likely to practice good oral hygiene compared to those with lower-educated caregivers (OR = 3.27, β = 1.11, p < 0.05, CI = 1.36–7.87). Similarly, children whose mothers/caregivers had better oral health knowledge showed three times higher oral health practice scores compared to those with lower knowledge (OR = 3.20, β = 1.16, p < 0.05, CI = 1.36–7.87). Conclusion The study suggests that while most FSW mothers and institutional caregivers possess adequate knowledge and a positive attitude towards their children’s oral health, many children, particularly those living with FSW mothers, continue to exhibit poor oral health practices. Higher educational attainment and better oral health knowledge among mothers/caregivers were key determinants of improved oral health practices in children.

Karikoski Essi dissertation 2024

Thesis

Full-text available

Jan 2024

Essi Karikoski

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common congenital anomalies in children with an incidence of 7-8 per 1000 live births. Maintaining optimal oral health behavior in children with CHD is important in managing the risk for developing poor oral health (e.g., dental caries) that might predispose to infective endocarditis (IE). Children with CHD are prone to dental caries due to factors associated with severe systemic disease. Maintaining favourable oral health behaviors including regular toothbrushing, use of fluoride toothpaste, reasonable consumption of sugar and regular dental care visit are important evidence-based preventive measures in achieving optimal oral health long term. Caregivers are responsible for maintaining oral health behavior of young children. The benefits of parental support can potentially be far-reaching, since adapted behavior in early childhood often persist into adulthood. Due to significant disease burden in families with major CHD, and the importance of oral health behavior for the overall health of the CHD child, it would be essential to provide targeted oral health care support for early prevention of dental caries. The general aim of this thesis was to develop, assess feasibility, and evaluate the impact of a dental hygienist led oral health promotion intervention including counselling and support provided during a 24-month period from early age (children <12 months of age) to families with major CHD children, or any surgically operated CHD combined with a syndrome. To achieve these aims four studies (I-IV) were conducted. In study I, the prevalence of caries between children with CHD and healthy children were evaluated. Nine studies were included in the systematic literature review, of which seven indicated a higher prevalence of caries in children with CHD compared to healthy children. Out of the seven studies, three showed statistically significantly more caries in children with CHD compared to healthy children. According to two studies, children with heart conditions had less caries compared to healthy children, but the difference was not statistically significant. In study II, the feasibility of a novel custom developed oral health promotion intervention was studied through interviews with nine participating parents. Four main categories and 14 subcategories were identified to describe the parental perceptions and experiences of the intervention. The main categories were timing of first intervention contact, effortlessness of intervention process, individuality of support, and relevancy of support. In study III, the national situation of oral health behavior in children with major CHD born in Finland was assessed with parental questionnaires in a prospective population-based sample of 27 children with major CHD in comparison with 50 healthy children child at 24 months of age. Toothbrushing habits in children with CHD were poorer than in healthy children and children with CHD more often drank other than water between meals compared to healthy children. In study IV, the impact of the developed oral health promotion intervention was evaluated at child age 24-months in a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing parental questionnaire data between 1:1 randomly assigned CHD intervention (n=27) and CHD control (n=30) groups, and a parallel passive healthy children comparison group (n=50). After early oral health counselling, brushing twice a day, the use of fluoride toothpaste, the use of an electric toothbrush, and water as the drink between meals was increased in children with CHD in the intervention group. In both studies (III & IV) parental and child oral health behavior associations were assessed. In both studies parental toothbrushing predicted child toothbrushing twice a day. In conclusion, children with CHD experience higher caries prevalence than healthy children. Parents found the oral health counselling provided at an early stage to be important. Children with CHD in Finland seems to experience poorer oral health behavior compared to healthy children. Oral health behavior could be improved by oral health promotion intervention. The results of this thesis could also be used to improve the oral health behavior of other high caries risk patients.

Assessment Oral Hygiene Practices, Prevalence of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene among Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years Old

Article

Jan 2025

Dental caries is considered as the major health problem among children studying in school in Bangladesh. The aim of the study is to evaluate the pervasiveness of dental care and oral hygiene among school children aged 6 to 12 years old. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out at Department of Dentistry, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to June 2023. Total 100 dental caries is considered as the major health problem among children studying in school in Bangladesh. The pervasiveness of dental caries was evaluated with WHO criteria, and to evaluate oral hygiene of school children the questionnaire method was used. All participants were asked 13 questions closed-ended questions. The population studied consisted of 100 school children from the ages of 6 to 12 years in public schools, Dhaka city. There were 46 (46.0%) female and 54 (54.0%) males' students. Table 1 shows the prevalence of dental cavity among the students and the relation between gender and dental cavity. The oral examination of the students found that 63.0% have dental cavity while 37.0% don’t have dental caries. The results also showed that 59.2% of males have dental cavity while 67.4% was for females. P-value was 0.086 which was more than 0.05, that there wasn’t a statistically significant difference between gender and dental cavity. The results of this study revealed that the dental caries was a bit high among the participants and welfare oral hygiene among the target children. For recommendation we advise to take care of oral hygiene in regard with cleaning the mouth and regular visiting the dentist. Therefore, this study could benefit all the students and can provide at least a authority for the development of school oral health program to encourage students for oral hygiene practicing that help to decrease the level of dental caries.

Oral health care among children in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2024
BMC Oral Health

Background Oral health is crucial for caries prevention. Research reported variations in oral health practices among countries and individuals. Therefore, this study aims to examine and compare oral hygiene practices among children aged 3 to 11 years old across five areas of Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study includes healthy children aged 3 to 11 from five areas/regions of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered, validated parental questionnaire was constructed according to the WHO Oral Health Questionnaire for children, which inquires about the child’s socio-demographic factors, oral health evaluation, and oral hygiene practice. Results Out of the 1516 parents who participated, 21.2% reported their children brushing twice a day. Regression analysis found that the first-born children and those who visited a dentist displayed a significantly higher adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for parents reporting that their child practices oral health care compared to only children (AOR: 2.837; P = 0.016) and to those who did not visit a dentist in the last 12 months (AOR: 2.989; P < 0.001). Conclusion This study highlights that only 21.2% of parents reported their children practicing excellent oral hygiene by brushing twice a day. This underscores the importance of early dental visits, customized interventions, and prevention programs that account for regional and demographic factors, such as birth order, to effectively promote oral health.

Influence of parental dental health knowledge and practices on their child’s oral health

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2024

Introduction: Parents' oral health knowledge and attitude have a direct influence on oral health care options for their children. Aim: To evaluate attitude and knowledge level of parents toward their children's dental health practice. Materials and methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst randomly selected parents having children between the ages of 2 and 12 years from Benghazi, Libya. A questionnaire was distributed and completed by the parents to assess parent's knowledge and awareness about the primary teeth. The data was statistical analyzed and comparison of the answers from the collected information was made. Results: One hundred and seventeen of parents completed the survey. Around 54.7% of participants were mothers and 35.9% were fathers, 9.4% were guardians, and their age was between 20 and 49 years. Although more than half of parents (59%) showed knowledge and attitude, the frequency of tooth brushing was low, only less than half of their children (40%) brushed teeth twice or more per day. Even though most of the parents had medium knowledge towards the primary teeth, dental visit was low, majority (69%) reported visiting the dentist only when child experienced of pain or toothache. And only third of parents had little knowledge about the time of eruption of first permanent molar. The majority (83.8%) would prefer to have their children's carious teeth filled. Conclusion: Generally parent's dental health awareness and knowledge were adequate but their attitude and practice were inadequate. Educating the parents and an increase in knowledge about caring of primary teeth and their significance effect on permanent teeth will encourage parents to provide better oral health to their children.

Corresponding author: Rasmia M Huew

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Assessment of Parents Involvement and the Awareness of Oral Hygiene Practices among 5–12 Years Old School-children

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The Role of Mothers' Socioeconomic Class on their Children's Dental Health

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Objective To assess the relationship between the mother's educational level and family income on the dental caries experience of their children. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Babylon, Iraq. The sample comprised 100 children aged 5-15 years. Data was collected in two parts: first, a self-administered questionnaire was obtained from mothers: Mother's age, level of education, family income, child age, and gender. Another part included the clinical examination of dental caries that was measured for mothers and their children using the DMFT/dmft index for permanent and primary dentition sequentially. The collected data were statistically analyzed using mean ± standard deviation (SD mean and standard deviation, t-test, and F-test. Results The sample showed 60% were boys and 40% were girls, 86% with dental caries. Mothers with a high level of education and high monthly income have significantly lower dental caries experiences than their children (p<0.05). In contrast, there was a significant difference between the two age groups (p=0.000), a considerable difference between the level of family monthly income and dmft (p=0.01), and there was a correlation value between the caries index DMFT value of the children and their mother with mother's education level. Conclusion Many dental caries were reported among Babylon City/Iraq children. Mothers with high educational levels and family monthly income were correlated to lower dental care for their children than those with low educational levels and economic status, so they need to focus on oral health knowledge and encourage prophylactic intervention and preventive measures for the population. Keywords: Social Class; Education; Attitude; Mothers; Oral Health

The Evaluatıon Of The Oral Hygıene Habıts Of Chıldren Durıng The Post-Earthquake Process In Malatya Provınce

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Zekiye Şeyma GÜMÜŞBOĞA

A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Educational Intervention for Reducing the Dental Plaque Index of 3-6 Years Old Children

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Elaheh gholami parizad

The influence of oral health behavior and caries status of mothers on their children caries status

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Full-text available

Mar 2024

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease affects large segment of population worldwide. This study aimed at evaluate the relationship between oral health behaviors including the consumption of sugar/acid diet of both mothers and their children on the caries status of the children. The relationship between the caries status of mothers and children was also evaluated. This cross-sectional study was performed in rural villages near the capital of our country. The dentition status of 57 mother-child pairs was evaluated using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for oral health surveys. Oral health behaviors and diet assessment of both mothers and children were investigated through WHO suggested questionnaires. Pearson and Spearman correlations, independent sample t-test, and linear regression analysis were used for the statistical analysis. The Significance level was set at 0.05. Mean DMFT values were 16.6 and 1.6 for mothers and children, respectively, whereas children dmft mean value was 4.3. Children of mothers who consumed diet with high sugar and acid content had worse caries status (0.010≤P-value≤0.013). Caries status of children had weak correlation coefficients (0.2-0.4) with mothers’ caries status though statistically significant (0.008≤P-value≥0.048). Linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant models (P<0.05) with R values≤0.2. Although some oral health behaviors and sugar/acid-rich diet of both mothers and their children correlated with the caries status of the children, these correlations were generally weak to intermediate. The current study suggested that oral health behaviors enhancement of both mothers and children could be one of these activities.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF DENTAL NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF CARETAKERS AND CARIES INCIDENCE RATE AMONG THEIR WARDS IN PUNE CITY, INDIA-A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY. Running Title: A cross sectional study

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Parental preferences for the procedural sedation of children in dentistry: a discrete choice experiment

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2023

Purpose The aim of this study was to explore parental preferences for the procedural sedation of children in dentistry through a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to inform clinical decisions and oral health management. Methods Based on literature reviews, interviews with parents of pediatric dental patients, and expert consultation, six attributes, including fasting time, recovery time, sedative administration routes, adverse reactions, sedation depth and procedure cost, were incorporated into the DCE questionnaire. The DCE questionnaire collected data on parental preferences for pediatric dental sedation treatment from June to August 2022. A conditional logit model was used to analyze preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for each attribute and its level. Subgroup analyses assessing the impact of parents' dental anxiety on procedural sedation preferences were also conducted using conditional logit models. Results A total of 186 valid questionnaires were gathered. Parents' preferences for fewer adverse reactions, a milder sedation depth, lower out-of-pocket cost, shorter fasting and recovery times and administration by inhalation were significantly associated with their choice of sedation model. The conditional logit model showed that parents were most interested in treatments with no adverse reactions (0% vs. 15%) (Coef, 1.033; 95% CI, 0.833–1.233), followed by those providing minimal sedation (vs. deep sedation) (Coef, 0.609; 95% CI, 0.448–0.769). Moreover, the relative importance of adverse reactions and fasting time was higher among anxious than nonanxious parents. The study found a WTP threshold of ¥1,538 for reducing adverse reactions (15% to 0%). The WTP threshold for the best sedation procedure scenario (no fasting requirement, 10 min recovery time, administration by inhalation, 0% adverse reaction incidence and minimal sedation) was ¥3,830. Conclusion Reducing the adverse reactions and depth of sedation are predominant considerations for parents regarding procedural sedation in pediatric dentistry, followed by lower cost, shorter fasting and recovery times and inhalation sedation. Parents with dental anxiety had a stronger preference for options with a lower incidence of adverse reactions and shorter fasting time than parents without dental anxiety. This discovery is helpful for doctors and can promote collaborative decision-making among parents and doctors.

Evaluation of Children’s Use of Oral Health Products, Familiarity of Parents With These Products, and Their Availability

Article

Aug 2023

Background: In addition to mechanical methods, mouthwash, toothpaste, and fluoride gels are high-performance methods that can play an important role in reducing plaque and preventing caries in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the availability and use of oral health products related to children, and the familiarity of parents with methods to prevent decay. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a checklist containing questions about the familiarity of parents with and the use of products related to children’s oral health was prepared and then completed by 325 parents of children aged 6 to 9 years who referred to the pediatric department dental clinics of the School of Dentistry. A dental student obtained information about the availability of products from pharmacies using a checklist. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and linear regression tests using SPSS 26 software. Results: This study showed that parents were relatively familiar with some health products such as dental floss and children’s toothpaste and mouthwash, but the information of parents was not enough on products such as casein phosphate, xylitol, and fluoride gel. About 40% of the pharmacies did not have finger toothbrushes or children’s toothbrush brands. One third of pharmacies did not have children’s mouthwash. No pharmacy had fluoride gel. Conclusion: This study showed that parents’ familiarity with children’s oral health products was low. Action should be taken to increase the awareness of parents. The reason for the lack of products in pharmacies should also be investigated and the existing obstacles to access them should be alleviated.

NATIONAL DENTAL HEALTH MONTH PROGRAM 2022 SCHOOL HEALTH PROGRAM WITH ITS KINDERGARTEN

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2023

Dental and oral health in Indonesia is still a health problem that needs attention. The most concerning thing is that as many as 93% of school-age children experience dental and mouth problems. This can be caused by a lack of knowledge and awareness of dental hygiene. One of the efforts made to increase knowledge and awareness of dental hygiene is by holding an educational activity called the "School Health Program". This activity was carried out in several schools, one of which was TK ITS. This activity began with the Training of Trainer Program given by dentists to teacher cadres and parents of students/students/students about the benefits of good oral hygiene and how to brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. Dentists provide educational materials using power point media and educational videos through the zoom application. There were 5 cadres consisting of 2 teachers and 3 guardians of students who attended this activity. After that, the teacher cadres and parents of the students/students disseminate information to other parents of students/students so that they can become mentors to their children to apply good and correct behavior of brushing their teeth twice a day for 21 days with the method recorded on the given calendar. The hope is that after this program ends, students at ITS Kindergarten have the behavior of maintaining oral hygiene by brushing their teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.

AVALIAÇÃO DOS CUIDADOS COM A SAÚDE BUCAL DE CRIANÇAS DURANTE O PERÍODO DE INTERNAÇÃO HOSPITALAR

Chapter

Jun 2023

Oral Hygiene Practice among 18-year-old Norwegian Adolescents Using Health Belief Model: A Cross-Sectional Study

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2022

Objectives The aim was to compare oral hygiene practice (brushing/flossing) among 18 years old from two regions, Hordaland County, Norway, and possible perceptional correlates using the Health Belief Model. Materials and Methods The participants from six municipalities from the south district with high prevalence of dental caries to six municipalities from the rest of Hordaland county, with low prevalence of dental caries (control), using a web-based questionnaire. Statistical analyses: the Mann–Whitney U test was used and the t-test for independent samples. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses to examine associations. Results A total of 416 people participated. The south district’s participants had lesser percentage brushing twice a day and flossing at least once a day, they significantly visited lesser the dental service, perceived more susceptibility to dental caries, and lower benefits of brushing/flossing compared with the controls. Girls (odds ratio [OR]: 0.34) who perceived higher severity of dental caries (OR: 1.86), higher self-identity (OR: 2.14), and lesser barriers to brushing (OR: 0.14) had higher odds to brushing twice a day compared with their counterparts. Girls (OR: 0.34) who perceived higher severity of dental caries (OR: 2.34), higher benefits (OR = 2.8), and lesser barriers to flossing (OR = 0.23) had higher odds to flossing at least once a day compared with their counterparts. Conclusion South district’s participants significantly had some of risk factors to the recommended brushing/flossing practice compared with the control and these might help in explaining the difference in oral hygiene practice.

Evaluation of Prevalence of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene among Schoolchildren Aged 6 To 12 Years Old in Msallata City

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2021

Dental caries is considered as the major health problem among children studying in school in Libya. The aim of the study is to evaluate the pervasiveness of dental care and oral hygiene among school children aged 6 to 12 years old in Msallata city. To perform this study a cross-sectional study was conducted involved 340 students attending public schools. The pervasiveness of dental caries was evaluated with WHO criteria, and to evaluate oral hygiene of school children the questionnaire method was used. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21. The results of this study revealed that the dental caries was a bit high among the participants and welfare oral hygiene among the target children. For recommendation we advise to take care of oral hygiene in regard with cleaning the mouth and regular visiting the dentist. Therefore, this study could benefit all the students and can provide at least a authority for the development of school oral health program to encourage students for oral hygiene practicing that help to decrease the level of dental caries.

Programa de odontología social y el conocimiento de salud bucal en 6 colegios de Lima y Huancayo

Article

Full-text available

May 2023

Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad del programa de odontología social (POS) y su relación con el conocimiento de salud bucal de profesores, padres de familia y cuidadores en seis colegios de Lima y Huancayo. Material y Métodos: el estudio fue de tipo prospectivo, longitudinal y explicativo. Donde se consideraron el conocimiento de salud bucal, estado de salud bucal, edad, sexo y grado de instrucción. La muestra estuvo conformada por los estudiantes entre las edades de 11 y 12 años, los profesores y cuidadores que acudían a los seis colegios públicos. Se utilizaron cuestionarios validados y una ficha epidemiológica para la recolección de los datos. Resultados: el promedio del puntaje de conocimientos sobre salud bucal antes de la aplicación del POS en el grupo de profesores fue de 12,3 ±1,4, y después de la aplicación del POS fue 27,9 ±1,9. El promedio del puntaje conocimiento de salud bucal antes del POS en el grupo de cuidadores es 12,5 ± 1,6, y después del POS fue 17,3 ±1,2. El promedio del puntaje de conocimientos sobre salud bucal antes de la aplicaión del POS en el grupo de estudiantes fue de 12,5 ±1,6, y después del POS fue de 17,3 ±1,2. Por último, el promedio del puntaje IHOS antes de la aplicación del POS en el grupo de estudiantes fue de 2,7 ±0,5, y después del POS fue 0,3 ±02. Conclusiones: la aplicación del POS aumentó los conocimientos sobre salud bucal de los profesores, cuidadores y estudiantes.

Association between Asthma and Oral Health Symptoms in Adolescents

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2023
Int J Environ Res Publ Health

Oral health is an indicator of patients’ overall quality of life. Poor oral health among adolescents with asthma can affect their health in adulthood. This study researched the association between asthma and oral health symptoms in South Korean adolescents. Data from the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were used. A total of 44,940 students participated in this study. The dependent variables were self-reported oral health symptoms. Asthma was the primary independent variable based on diagnosis in the past 12 months. The chi-squared test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used. Students with asthma were associated with oral health symptoms, compared with those without asthma (boys, odds ratio (OR): 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.66; girls, OR: 1.94, 95% CI = 1.40–2.69). Poor health habits, such as low physical activity, higher sweetened beverage consumption, and fewer sleeping hours, were associated with oral health symptoms. Students who did not receive asthma treatment also had higher oral health symptoms (boys, OR: 1.29, 95% CI = 1.13–1.48, girls, OR: 1.34, 95% CI = 1.15–1.57). Students with absence due to asthma had a higher risk of oral health than those without asthma (boys, OR: 1.31, 95% CI = 1.17–1.46, girls OR: 1.28, 95% CI = 1.12–1.46). Students with asthma had a high risk of poor oral health among South Korean adolescents, suggesting more attention be given to regular dental check-ups and maintaining oral hygiene.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Parents toward the Oral Health of their School-going Children in Faridabad City

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2023

Aim: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents toward the oral health of their school-going children in Faridabad city. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 parents who reported in the outpatient department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry at Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 18) software for descriptive and multivariate analysis, and the level of statistical significance used in this study was chosen at p < 0.05. Result: The results of this study showed that the sample selected had relatively good knowledge regarding the number of teeth present in the mouth of their child, the importance of filling the primary teeth, and trauma-related knowledge. Parents were aware that excess sugar intake, germs/bacteria, and sticky food are responsible for causing caries. On the contrary, a few of the parents were not aware of the ideal time for the first dental visit. Parents showed a positive attitude regarding the importance of supervised brushing twice with fluoridated toothpaste. Conclusion: We concluded in the present study that the knowledge of parents regarding the oral health of their children in Faridabad city is relatively good, but in a few aspects, it's been observed that this knowledge is not implemented, and the attitude of the parents toward good oral health practices needs to be improved more. As pedodontists, we can help to bring this change to the present society as we can counsel parents to take appropriate care of their children's oral health. Clinical significance: This article will help to assess the awareness of parents toward the oral health of their school-going children, which will further help in improving their knowledge, attitude, and practices, hence improving the oral hygiene of children. How to cite this article: Singh R, Mendiratta P, Saraf BG, et al. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Parents toward the Oral Health of their School-going Children in Faridabad City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(5):549-553.

Parental and children’s health behavior stemming from the Thai national health recommendations in Bangkok

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2023

Kwansuda Cherdchoongarm

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have an impact on treatment costs and economic prosperity. Ten National Health Recommendations (NHRs) were announced by the Thai government in 1996 to promote the good health of children, adolescents, and the general public. Although regular practice of these recommendations should promote good health, the data from the Ministry of Health in 2015 shows that Thai children moderately following the NHR have higher health risk behaviors, potentially leading to obesity; a continually growing threat to Thai children, as well as increasing the risk of Type 2 diabetes and NCDs in adults. This research aims to study the promotion of good health by parents of students in primary schools in Bangkok under the NHRs and the relating factors. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative method is descriptive-comparative research conducted on the health promotion behavior of parents and children in three groups. These consist of schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission (OBEC), the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA), and the Office of the Private Education Commission (OPEC). Multi-stage and stratified sampling are used to select 1,043 participants from eight schools in Bangkok, while the statistical analysis is conducted by one-way ANOVA. The qualitative method uses in-depth interviews with 12 parents and six school directors. According to the results, the health behavior of parents and students from the three schools showed statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level. In terms of health promotion, students with higher scores relating to NHRs on the questionnaire had parents with better health behavior than those with lower scores. The NHRs are used to organize knowledge-sharing sessions in schools.

Effectiveness of an integrated model of oral health-promoting schools in improving children's knowledge and the KAP of their parents, Iran

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2022
BMC Oral Health

Introduction The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of an Oral Health Promoting School (OHPS) model on children's oral health in Iran. Methods This interventional quasi-experimental study was conducted in the academic year 2019–20 among 354 primary school students and their parents. A questionnaire including 17 questions was distributed among children before and 5 months after the program (The ranges of possible scores = 0–17). Training workshops for the parents based on the theoretical domains framework were designed. Using educational sessions, pamphlets, tooth brushing dairies, assignments to do at home, educational videos and messages as reminders in social networks, parents were educated about dental caries, its risk factors and prevention principles. Best recommended oral health behaviors including tooth brushing and the use of fluoridated tooth paste were also educated. A questionnaire consisting of 18 knowledge (The ranges of possible scores = 0–18), 13 attitude and 10 practice questions were distributed among parents before and after the workshops. The data were fed into SPSS and analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics such as T-test, ANOVA and Correlation Coefficients (α = 0.05). Results The mean pre-test knowledge (7.8 ± 1.7) was increased significantly in three schools after program, p < 0.001. In the post-test, girls gained significantly higher scores (9.61 ± 1.98 vs. 9.06 ± 1.4, p = 0.025). Among 147 parents, the mean knowledge was raised from 12.3 ± 3.1 (5–18) to 15 ± 3.03 (6–18), p < 0.001. Knowledge score of the parents attending both sessions was higher. Practice of the parents regarding the use of fluoridated tooth-paste was significantly improved ( p < 0.001). Also, their attitude toward the ability of children to take care of their teeth was improved ( p = 0.029). Based on the self-report of parents, 71.4% (n = 47) of mothers and 45.6% (n = 67) of their children used to brush once or two times daily and there was a correlation between their behaviors ( p < 0.001, Spearman Correlation Coefficient = 0.4). Conclusion It seems that the education provided in OHPS had positive effects on increasing students' awareness and to some extent, the knowledge, attitude and practice of the parents.

Knowledge and Practices Regarding Oral Hygiene Among School Children: A Survey Based Study

Article

Jul 2022

Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices among school children regarding their oral hygiene status. Subject and Methods: This Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at government high schools of Jamshoro district. Total sample size calculated was 108. All the school children were interviewed by using a questioner in easy languages containing multiple questions regarding knowledge and practice of oral health. Results: Mean age of patients was 13.46+2.47 years, minimum 07 years and maximum 15 years. All the children recruited in the study were girls. Teeth and gums status were statistically non-significant according to age. 9.3% said that they had faced toothache many times in past 12 months, and 34 children felt it rarely. Conclusion: Mostly children were observed with good teeth and gums health and knowledge was also found to be satisfactory, while oral hygienic practice was found be unsatisfactory and consumption of biscuits, lemonade and coca cola, sugar, tea and chew gum was found to be very high, which will be harmful in future. Keywords: Oral Hygiene, Knowledge, School Children, Practices

Impact of a Dental Storybook on Parents’ Knowledge of Children’s Oral Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2022

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of a dental storybook on parents’ knowledge about oral health of their children and to assess their perception of its effect in reducing dental anxiety levels among their children, as well as improving their oral health knowledge. Patients and Methods This was a two-arm parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) which was performed at the pediatric dental clinics in the Dental University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Parents of 88 children (6–8 years old) were included in the present study. Parents and their children were randomly divided into two groups as follows: the intervention group (received the storybook and verbal oral hygiene instructions) and the control group (only received verbal oral hygiene instructions; same information included in the book). Three dental visits, including screening, examination/cleaning and treatment, were provided for each child. In the screening visit, baseline parental oral health knowledge was evaluated for all parents. Afterward, parental oral health knowledge was re-evaluated in the examination visit. In the treatment visit, a parental perception questionnaire was administered to parents following treatment to evaluate their satisfaction regarding the use of the storybook in reducing anxiety levels among their children. Results There was a significant improvement in the total knowledge score at the follow-up visit in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.0001). Overall, the majority of parents perceived the storybook as a useful source of information, and they found it to be effective in reducing dental anxiety levels among their children. Conclusion The dental storybook is an effective educational tool that can help parents become more knowledgeable about their children’s oral health. Moreover, parents perceived the storybook as an effective tool for enhancing their oral health knowledge and lowering their children’s dental anxiety.

Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Perceptions and Barriers to Dental Care among Libyan Parents

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2022

ABSTRACT Aim: To assess parental oral health knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), perceptions of their children's oral health status, and explore the barriers to dental care utilization among Libyan parents living in Malaysia. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Libyan parents of children aged 1-7 years old who lived in Malaysia. A 63-items questionnaire was constructed, validated, and pretested. Six hundred self-administered questionnaires were distributed Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.0. A generalized Linear Model was used to test the possible relationships between KAP scores and different sociodemographic factors. A significant level for all the statistical tests was predetermined at p≤0.05. Results: A total of 381 questionnaires were included, of which fathers' responses constituted 189 (49.6%), and mothers' responses constituted 192 (50.4%). Most of the parents exhibited good oral health knowledge (77.2%), positive attitudes (86.4%), and were adherent to good oral health practice (78.7%) with mean values of 10.6 (SD=1.8), 9.5 (SD=1.5), and 7.9 (SD=1.4) respectively. Gender, age, and income had statistically significant relationships (p<0.05) with KAP scores. The majority (81.1%) of parents rated their child's oral health as good. More than one-third of parents (35.7%) perceived no need for dental care, and 18.6% perceived no need to treat the primary teeth as they will be replaced. Conclusion: Good Knowledge and positive attitudes towards oral health are not necessarily translated into favorable practices. The lack of perceived need and low value attributed to primary teeth created barriers to seek dental care services among the majority of surveyed parents. Attention must be directed to behavior change strategies rather than providing oral health education alone to improve the children's oral health outcomes.

Awareness of child oral health among parents and caregivers attending Pediatrics OPD at BPKIHS, Dharan

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2022

Introduction: Parents and caregivers are the key sources responsible for their children’s good health. They are the basic needs-provider and role models as well for their children to learn good oral habits early on. Thus, their awareness about the factors affecting child oral health is an essential component for the well-being of the child. Objectives: To assess awareness of child oral health among parents and caregivers attending Pediatrics OPD at BPKIHS, Dharan. Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among conveniently selected 400 parents and caregivers of six months-to-14-year-old children attending Pediatrics OPD, BPKIHS, Dharan. A single interviewer administered pre-tested standardized questionnaires to the participants. The questionnaires consisted of five domains: socio-demographic profile of the participants; child’s oral hygiene practices; child’s feeding and dietary habits; awareness of child’s first dental visit and presence of family dental problems; and child’s dental service utilization. Data were entered in MS excel 2007 and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 11.5. Data analysis included descriptive statistics. Results: Majority (90%) of the parents and caregivers were literate and 44.3% belonged to the lower-class socioeconomic status. 83.3% of the participants reported that their children took a sugary diet and 77.6% of them brushed once daily before breakfast. 91% of the respondents reported the age of the child’s first dental visit to be any age when there was a dental problem. The awareness of the presence of oral health problems in their child was seen in 29.5%, whereas 18% had made previous dental visits. Conclusion: Despite the fact that most parents and caregivers reported factors affecting their children's oral health, there was evidence of lack of awareness and, as a result, low utilization of dental services for their children.

Assessment of parents' oral health related behaviours and its relationship with oral health status of the children aged between 6-12 years in Davangere city: a cross-sectional survey

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2024

Background: It is widely acknowledged that the behaviour of parents affects their children's health. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between oral health behaviour of parents and oral health status of their children aged between 6-12 years. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 420 parent-child dyads with children aged between 6-12 years. A self-designed proforma was used for recording the sociodemographic details, with a questionnaire to assess parents’ oral health-related behaviours followed by clinical examination of the children for their oral health status. The Chi-square test, spearman’s correlation test and binary logistic regression analysis were applied by considering Statistical significance at p<0.05. Results: The majority of the parents reported of having good oral health-related behaviours (60.2%). When children’s oral health status was assessed, more than half of the children had low caries experience (62.5%), showed a milder form of gingivitis (96.2%) and good oral hygiene status (57.4%). No statistically significant association was found between parents’ oral health-related behaviours with the children’s oral health status. Conclusions: Parents’ oral health-related behaviours did not influence the children’s oral health status.

Co-Designing of Preventive Materials Between Dental Students and Primary School Teachers to Promote Oral Health: Impact on Professional Practices for French Dental Students

Article

Dec 2024
EUR J DENT EDUC

Introduction This paper is aiming to present an experiment involving odontology students, teachers and pupils in elementary grades to investigate the potential benefits of co‐design activities to create preventive materials to promote oral health in schools. Materials and Methods A total of, 110 fourth‐year students, 47 volunteers teachers and 698 pupils in Grades 1 and 2 participated in the study. This work led to the creation and distribution to teachers of appropriate tools on the dental health. We wanted to assess how the odontology students felt during this co‐design project. Each of them was asked to complete the same questionnaire twice, at the beginning and at the end of the project. Results Our results show that they consider that the children and their parents' knowledge of oral health is largely inadequate. Moreover, a large majority of them (75%) felt that their participation would have a positive impact on the children's future behaviour and on their own future professional practice. Discussion The students' participation in this experiment in co‐designing with teachers shows that offering odontology students a different kind of learning, along the lines of what is being done in the United Kingdom with service‐learning, can be beneficial both for them and for the end‐users. Conclusion The participation of dental students in the specific educational training activity has a positive and significant impact of their mental representation and we can hope that the emergence of this paradigm of participatory design, also known as co‐creation, can lead to strong and lasting changes in health behaviours.

Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Bangladeshi Female Sex Workers toward Their School -Going Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Preprint

Full-text available

Jul 2024

Background: Children born into prostitution are at risk of facing barriers in accessing the healthcare sector. This research aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of female sex workers regarding their school-going children’s oral health, as well as the oral health status of their children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 180 female sex worker mothers/ institutional caregivers and female sex worker’s school-going children from March 2023 to February 2024 using a structured questionnaire. The caries condition and gingival health were assessed on their children using the DMFT/dmft and gingival index(GI). At the same time, their plaque and calculus levels were evaluated using the calculus index(CI) and plaque index (PI) respectively. Result: 79% of the mothers or caregivers possessed good knowledge of oral health, 77.2% maintained a positive attitude, and 62.8% were well-informed about the proper oral health practices for their children. Children living with sex worker mothers/institutional caregivers who had higher educational attainment were 3 times more likely to practice good oral health hygiene than those with mothers/caregivers of low educational level (OR=3.27, β:1.11, p-value<0.05, CI=1.36-7.87). Similarly, children living with mothers/caregivers who had good oral health knowledge scores tended to have 3 times higher oral health practice scores compared to those with poor oral health knowledge(OR=3.20, β:1.16, p-value<0.05, CI=1.36-7.87). Conclusion: Our study suggests that although FSW mothers/ institutional caregivers have better oral health knowledge regarding their children, they are unable to put this into practice for their children. Government-sponsored dental health camps should be made available to address the oral health needs of the targeted community. An educational approach aimed at both the sex worker mother and the children should be designed so that the children can develop improved oral hygiene practices.

Relationship between early childhood caries and parents' knowledge and attitudes towards primary teeth

Article

May 2024

The relation of socio-economic factors and health behaviors of the parents to caries status of a group of 3-year-old children in Bangkok

Article

May 2008

Preeya Attavanich

CARIES RISK DETERMINATION OF 5-8 YEAR OLD CHILDREN AND THEIR MOTHERS IN MUGLA PROVINCEMUĞLA İLİNDE 5-8 YAŞINDAKİ ÇOCUKLAR VE ANNELERİNİN ÇÜRÜK RİSK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Article

Aug 2023

It was aimed to evaluate dental data obtained after dental examinations of 204 children aged 5-8 years and their mothers who lived in Muğla and applied to Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Dentistry, taking into account their place of residence, mother's education level and working status. To determine caries profile of primary dentition, dmft was used, and for permanent dentition, DMFT was used. They were asked to answer prepared questions. Results, consisting of formed index after intraoral examination and answers to questions, were statistically evaluated using IBM SPSS v23.0 (IBM Corp. 2015, Armonk, NY, US). Normality of variables is examined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Due to variables do not follow a normal distribution, differences between index values per demographic variable were tested with Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test for independent groups. To make pairwise (multiple) comparison, we used Dunn’s test. Spearman correlation analysis was also applied. According to results obtained, it was observed that mother's education level had a significant effect on children's dmft and DMFT index values (p<0.05). As education level of mothers increased, caries profile of children decreased. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between mother's DMFT index value and child's dmft index value(p<0.05, r=0.017). Additionally, it was statistically determined that dmft index values of children with employed mothers significantly lower than those of children whose mothers unemployed(p<0.05). The study showed that mother's level of being affected by decay, education level, and employment status were effective on the level of children being affected by tooth decay.

Peningkatan Derajat Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Siswa SD IT Al Uswah melalui Program Training of Traniner (ToT)

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2023

Kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Indonesia masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang perlu diperhatikan terutama pada anak-anak usia sekolah dasar. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Indonesia dan menunjang program “Indonesia Bebas Karies 2030”, khususnya pada kelompok masyarakat usia sekolah dan dewasa, Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia (PDGI) dan FDI World Dental Federation akan melakukan kegiatan promotif-preventif. Kegiatan tersebut dinamai “Program Sekolah 21 hari Brush Day and Night”. Program ini dilakukan pada 110 siswa-siswi SD IT Al Uswah Surabaya dengan beberapa kegiatan yang dilakukan diantaranya yaitu edukasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut, sikat gigi bersama, pemeriksaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta pemberian topical aplikasi fluor sebagai pencegahan terhadap karies pada gigi. Hasil dari pemeriksaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut menunjukkan bahwa siswa-siswi SD IT Al Uswah Surabaya memiliki indeks def-t kategori tinggi sehingga perlu dilakukan tindakan promotif-preventif dan juga mengadakan training of trainer ke guru dan orang tua agar bisa mengajarkan kebiasaan menjaga kebersihan rongga mulut. Hasil akhir dari program ini diharapkan dapat mencegah meningkatnya derajat kesehatan gigi dan mulut SD IT Al Uswah Surabaya.

Prevalence of dental caries in pregnant Colombian women and its associated factors

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2023
BMC Oral Health

Objective To identify the prevalence of dental caries in pregnant women in the Colombian population and its association with the medical history and social determinants, based on data from the fourth National Oral Health Survey (ENSAB IV). Materials and methods A total of 1,047 pregnant women from different areas of Colombia were evaluated. A dental evaluation was performed using a flat oral mirror and blunt-tipped probe (World Health Organization, 2007). For diagnosis of the dental condition, the DMFT index was used. A negative binomial regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between social determinants and the DMFT index. Results The results of this national study show a 59% prevalence of caries in this population. Regarding the experience of caries, 89.9% of pregnant women showed having had caries. Conclusions The results of this national study on pregnant women show a high prevalence of dental caries. The women’s level of education is an important factor associated with dental caries and filled teeth, so the role of oral health education and dental check-ups are important. Clinical relevance The findings of this study show the oral health situation of pregnant women, with a high prevalence of dental caries. This leads to the development and strengthening of oral health education strategies that empower pregnant women in their care. In addition, dental checkups during pregnancy should be implemented and reinforced to prevent and treat oral pathologies and thus prevent complications during this stage.

The evaluation of awareness and function of 6-7-years-old children parents of childhood caries and the preventive procedure in parents in ilam in 2018 Abstract

Article

Full-text available

May 2023

1 assistant professor, pediatric dentistry, faculty of dentistry, ilam university of medical sciences 2 assistant professor , oral and maxillofacial pathology, faculty of dentistry, ilam university of medical sciences 3 under graduate , faculty of dentistry, ilam university of medical sciences Aim &abjects :Health education is one of the most important factor in the prevention of dental caries and parents have an important role in the oral health of their children. Their information can establish appropriate health behaviors in their children. This study aims to evaluate the awareness and performance of parents in the field of health. And oral health of 6-7 year old children in Ilam city in 1398. Materials and methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 100 parents of 6-7 year old children in Ilam who was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which validity and reliability were confirmed. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: the first part of demographic information , the second part consisted of 23 awareness assessment questions and the third part consisted of 9 performance assessment questions. SPSS 24 statistical software were analyzed using t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient at a significance level of P = 0.05 Results :In this study , the mean performance score of mothers was 7.77 ±2.52 and the mean performance score of fathers was 6.64± 2.55.The mean score of fathers 'awareness was 27.3 ± 4.41 and the mean score of mothers' awareness was 29.68 ±2.55. There was a statistically significant relationship between the mean score of parents' knowledge (P=0.05). A statistically significant relationship was observed between the level of knowledge and performance of education fathers with the level of knowledge and performance of education mothers.(P=0.05). Conclusions:The results of this study showed that in general the level of parental awareness about oral health of children aged 6-7 years is appropriate but their performance in this area is poor.

وضعیت بهداشت دهان و دندان در رابطه با عوامل فردی، اجتماعی و ر فتاری در زنان سن باروری شهر هرات

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2022

Abstract Objectives: Oral health of women during reproductive age is an important public health issue. Not only it can compromise pregnancy outcomes, but also it may affect their newborn’s overall health. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and associated factors in women of reproductive age in Herat city. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a group of 411 women of reproductive age between 18-65 years was studied from17 Jan to 28 May 2022 at the Ghalib, Hakimi and other dental clinics in Herat city. Results: In this study, 50.4% of women were under 18 years old, 74.5% were married, and 47.4% were housewives. The mean and standard deviation of the DMFT index among the participants was 6.86±5.56 and 50.6% have severe tooth decay (DMFT>4). There was a statistically significant difference between the level of education, age, number of births, and the use of carbonated drinks and caries index (p<0.005). Conclusion: Oral health status of women in reproductive age was not satisfactory, having an average of 5.5 decayed teeth in their mouth. Increasing the level of education and raising awareness among women of reproductive age is one of the effective measures to improve oral and dental health among these women and their children. It is very necessary to carry out wider studies in the country to determine more precisely the factors of dental caries among reproductive age women. Keywords: Oral health, tooth decay, women, fertility, pregnancy, Herat

وضعیت بهداشت دهان‌و‌دندان در رابطه با عوامل فردی، اجتماعی و رفتاری‌ در زنان سن باروری شهر هرات

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2022

Nasar Ahmad Shayan

زمینه و هدف: بهداشت دهان و دندان زنان در سن باروری موضوع مهم صحت عامه است. این موضوع نه‌تنها می‌تواند نتایج بارداری را به خطر بیندازد؛ بل‌که ممکن است بر سلامت کلی نوزاد نیز تأثیر بگذارد. هدف ‌این مطالعه بررسی وضعیت سلامت دهان و دندان و عوامل مرتبط با آن در زنان سن باروی شهر هرات بوده است. روش: در این مطالعة توصیفی - مقطعی، مجموعاً ۴۱۱ خانم در سن باروری (۱۸-۶۵ سال) که از ‌جدی سال ۱۴۰۰ تا‌ جوزای سال ۱۴۰۱ به کلینیک‌های دندان‌پزشکی شهر هرات مراجعه نمودند، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. یافته‌ها: در این تحقیق ۵۰.۴‌٪ خانم‌ها ۱۸-۲۹ سال، ۷۴.۵٪ متأهل، ۴۷.۴٪ خانم خانه بودند. میانگین و انحراف معیار شاخص‌DMFT در میان اشتراک‌کننده‌گان بود و ۵۰.۶٪ دارای پوسیده‌گی شدید دندان (DMFT>4) می‌باشند. میان سطح تحصیل، سن، تعداد ولادت‌ها و استفاده از نوشیدنی گازدار و شاخص پوسیده‌گی ارتباط معنا‌دار آماری وجود دارد (P < 0.001). نتیجه‌گیری: وضعیت سلامت دهان و دندان زنان باردار رضایت‌بخش نبود و به‌طور متوسط ۵.۵ دندان پوسیده داشتند. افزایش سطح تحصیلات و آگاهی‌دهی به خانم‌های سن باروری ازجمله اقدامات مؤثر در ارتقای بهداشت دهان و دندان در نزد این خانم‌ها و اطفال‌شان می‌باشد. انجام مطالعات وسیع‌تر در سطح کشور برای تعیین دقیق‌تر عوامل پوسیده‌گی دندان در نزد خانم‌های سن بارور‌ی بسیار ضروری می‌باشد.

Survey of knowledge, attitude and self-care behaviors of oral health among dental students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd in 2019

Article

Sep 2022

Structural Analysis of Covariance and Correlation Matrices

Article

Full-text available

Feb 1978
PSYCHOMETRIKA

Karl G. Jöreskog

A general approach to the analysis of covariance structures is considered, in which the variances and covariances or correlations of the observed variables are directly expressed in terms of the parameters of interest. The statistical problems of identification, estimation and testing of such covariance or correlation structures are discussed. Several different types of covariance structures are considered as special cases of the general model. These include models for sets of congeneric tests, models for confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, models for estimation of variance and covariance components, regression models with measurement errors, path analysis models, simplex and circumplex models. Many of the different types of covariance structures are illustrated by means of real data.

Oral Health Behavior of Adults in Relation to Age Groups

Article

Oct 1996
J Dent Health

Oral health behavior, such as tooth cleaning, food intake, and social functions, is essential to one's daily life and to promote growth and development from birth to adult. The aim of this study was to assess of age characteristics of adult population in regard to oral health behavior. This survey was caried out from May to July in 1994 with a questionnaire survey for 673 adult workors aged 20 to 59 yrs in the Kanto district of Japan. The age groups were -24 yrs, 25-34 yrs, 35-44 yrs, 45-54 yrs, and 55-59 yrs. Attitudes and oral health behavior were evaluated for each age group. Statistical analysis for these data was performed with ANOVA and Chi-square test. Three items in the questionnaire (talking about oral health in one's daily life, interest in health information in newspaper colums, and the frequency of observation of one's oral health status) reflected the intensity of the interest in oral health. The interest in oral health in middle age was greater than in young adults. For the items of face and mouth apperance and chewing ability in relation to self assessment, 10-20% of the subjects under 24 yrs, and 20-30% of the 55-59-year group reported themselves relatively satisfied. In regard to the recognition of terms related to oral health, more than 50% of subjects of all age groups knew the 3 terms "dental calculus", "dental plaque", and "gum disease". These words indicated that periodontal disease was relatively well known to these adults. Tooth cleaning in young adults was more common in practice in daily life than in the middle age population. On the other hand, acceptance of dental visits and regular dental checks for young adults were less than in the middle age population. These results suggested that age was a key factor in attitudes toward oral health, and that oral health preservation also played an important role for general health promotion throughout life.

Relationship between gingival health and dental caries in children aged 7-12 years.

Article

Sep 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between gingival health and dental caries in elementary school children in Japan. The subjects were 474 children aged 7 to 12 years who attended dental check-ups at an elementary school. The Oral Rating Index for Children, which consists of five categories (+2, +1, 0, -1, -2), was used to rate the findings of the gingival health examination. The dental examination was performed using the WHO caries diagnostic criteria for DMFT. Children were divided into three groups: a healthier group (H-group) made up of those scoring +2 (excellent) or +1 (good), an equivocal group (E-group) made up of those scoring 0, and a gingival less-healthy group (L-group) made up of those scoring -2 (very poor) or -1 (poor). Overall percentages for the H-group, E-group and L-group were 48.3%, 21.5% and 30.2%, respectively. The number in the L-group increased with increasing age. The mean scores of the DT and DMFT in the H-group were significantly lower than those in the L-group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The results suggest that oral hygiene instruction should be given to children in order to motivate self-care, not only to avoid dental caries but also to prevent gingivitis.

Family Determinants of Health Behaviors

Chapter

Jan 1988

The strong evidence linking behavior and health outcomes has led to the realization that truly healthy people, and truly healthy societies in these times, are distinguished by both a lack of physiological pathology and a pattern of behaviors that reduces one’s risk of developing the major chronic diseases (Hamburg, Elliott, & Parron, 1982; Matarazzo, 1982). A small number of behaviors, namely smoking, diet, and exercise, have been shown to be related to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Smoking is a major causative factor in several cancers (Levy, 1985), cardiovascular diseases (USPHS, 1979), and chronic pulmonary diseases (Brashear, 1980). Dietary habits, particularly intake of fats and saturated fats, have been linked to development of cancers (Levy, 1985), cardiovascular diseases (Glueck & Connor, 1978), and diabetes mellitus (Arky, Wylie-Rosett, & El-Beheri, 1982). Physical inactivity appears to play a role in cardiovascular diseases (Paffenbarger & Hyde, 1984) and diabetes mellitus (Rauramaa, 1984).

The dental health behavior of university students and test-retest reliability of the HU-DBI

Article

Jan 1990
J Dent Health

Oral Health Surveys – Basic Methods

Article

Jan 1972
J Roy Stat Soc

P. Armitage

Social foundations of action: A social - cognitive theory

Article

Jan 1986

A. A. Bandura

Social Foundations of Thought & Action: A Social Cognitive Theory

Book

Jan 1986

Albert Bandura

Influence of social norms on toothbrushing behavior of schoolchildren

Article

Oct 1978
COMMUNITY DENT ORAL

Anthony S. Blinkhorn

Abstract Two hundred and eighty mothers of preschool children were interviewed in order to determine first, their children's toothbrushing habits and secondly, their expectations concerning the brushing behavior of preschool children in general. The influence of social and demographic factors on children's brushing behavior was also investigated. The results showed that the practice of toothbrushing is widespread and mothers play the central role in teaching the brushing routine. However, the social norms concerning oral hygiene were imprecise, indicating that mothers had no social support for teaching their children to brush and no information on how brushing should be carried out. Dental health educators should encourage mothers of young children to develop positive attitudes towards toothbrushing and teach them the correct technique.

Service‐mix in general dental practice in Japan: A survey in a suburban area

Article

Dec 1998
AUST DENT J

Overseas investigations have reported the amount and variety of dental services provided. An understanding of the current service-mix in private general practice is important in the anticipation of the future practice of dentistry. The main purpose of this study was to describe the service-mix of private general practitioners in Japan, which was recorded using the Australian Dental Association Dental Procedure Code. Some comparisons with previous studies were offered. The youngest age group and adolescents formed only a small percentage of the total patients, while the greatest percentage of patients occurred in the 45–64 year age group. The services provided were mainly restorative, diagnostic, advanced restorative and endodontic services. Preventive services represented a minority of dental activity, especially for young patients. Periodontic and orthodontic services were also remarkable for their low percentage in all age groups. In comparison with an Australian study, the percentage of preventive services was considerably lower. Movement toward a preventive emphasis in Japanese dentistry requires a change in the clinical model, de-emphasizing biomedical and aetiological approaches and placing greater emphasis on the patient and factors affecting dental practice.

Caries experience in subjects18-22 years of age after 13 years'discontinued water fluoridation in Okinawa

Article

May 1992

The purpose of this study is to compare the state of teeth in young adults who had consumed fluoridated water from birth to 5-8 yr of age with the subjects who had non-fluoridated water. The sample consisted of 117 18-22-yr-old female nursing school students. The data obtained in dental examinations were sorted according to their place of residence, and then divided into groups depending on whether their place of residence had been supplied with fluoridated water or not. The fluoride concentration in the water had been 0.7-1.0 ppm in the six water supply systems which were under the control of the US military base. In the subjects who had fluoridated water, the following differences were found when compared to the control subjects: missing teeth and highly progressed caries occurred less frequently; significantly lower caries prevalence was present on free smooth and approximal surfaces; the overall DMFT differences in favor of the fluoridated subjects were small and non-significant.

The effect of a cognitive behavioral intervention on oral hygiene

Article

May 1991

Several medical areas that require patient compliance have successfully used psychological interventions emphasizing cognitive behavioral components. However, there are no published reports on the effect of cognitive behavioral interventions on oral hygiene in adults using an experimental design. For this study, 100 male veterans age 21-65 years were randomly assigned to 4 groups (cognitive behavioral, education, attention control, and control); to compare the effectiveness of these interventions on oral hygiene, a 5-week pre-test-post-test design was utilized. The dependent variables were self-report of brushing and flossing behavior and dental plaque levels utilizing the plaque index. After the interventions, there was only one significant difference between the control and the experimental groups for brushing frequency. There were no significant differences among the experimental groups for this intervention. The self-report of flossing frequency significantly increased in all 3 treatment groups, but there were no significant differences between these groups. In addition, plaque levels decreased significantly in all 3 experimental groups. Plaque levels in the cognitive behavioral group were significantly lower than those of the educational group. It was not possible to determine whether the greater plaque reduction in the cognitive-behavioral group could be attributed to the nature of the intervention or to the extra time spent with patients in the cognitive behavioral group.

Self-efficacy, reasoned action, and oral health behavior reports: A social cognitive approach to compliance

Article

Sep 1991

The usefulness of a social cognitive approach to compliance with brushing and flossing behavior recommendations was tested with 39 patients recruited from the State University of New York at Buffalo Periodontal Disease Clinical Research Center. Participants completed mailed study instruments assessing Fishbein and Ajzen's theory of reasoned action variables, Bandura's self-efficacy variables, and frequency of brushing and flossing behavior. Results indicated positive attitudes, beliefs, and norms for brushing and flossing and positive intentions to brush but less intention to floss. Hierarchical regression analyses supported the basic usefulness of the theory of reasoned action for oral health behavior reports. Addition of self-efficacy variables to theory of reasoned action variables significantly increased the explained variance of brushing and flossing behavior reports. These results establish a strong basis for future clinical studies investigating social cognitions and the prediction of oral health behavior.

Dental behavioral science. The relationship between perceptions of oral health and oral status in adults

Article

Jan 1989

M Kawamura

Predicting levels of preventive dental behaviors

Article

Nov 1985
J AM DENT ASSOC

This study examined the value of SLT as a model for predicting levels of dental hygiene behaviors. The brushing and flossing frequency of 131 adults was measured both retrospectively (via questionnaire) and prospectively (via self-monitoring records). Two types of SLT variables--expectations and environmental influences--were reliably related to dental hygiene behaviors. Such variables (for example, self-efficacy expectations and the dental behaviors of significant others) accounted for up to 38% of the variance in brushing frequency and 33% of the variance in flossing frequency. Overall, a SLT model appears to hold promise for identifying psychosocial variables that are related to dental hygiene behaviors. The findings suggest that educational programs intended to increase the frequency of such behaviors should focus on increasing self-efficacy, reducing structural and life-style barriers to adherence, and involving significant others in educational efforts.

The relation between mothers’ attitude toward dentistry and the oral status of their children

Article

Oct 1984
Pediatr Dent

Dental preventive advice for pregnant and nursing mothers – sociological implications

Article

Apr 1981

A S Blinkhorn

[Relationship between dental caries in deciduous teeth and tooth brushing in nursery school children]

Article

Nov 1981
J Dent Health

Katsuhiko Taura

Developmental stages of Chinese children’s concepts of health and illness in Taiwan

Article

Jan 1994
Acta Paediatr Sin

This research showed that conceptual development of health and illness of Chinese children in Taiwan follows the general pattern of Piaget's levels of development. But Reichenbach's hypotheses of social influence explained the incongruencies in the data. Questionnaire and unstructured interview were used to explore the conceptual development of 468 children who were grouped according to their educational level: kindergarten, first and second grades, third and fourth grades, as well as fifth and sixth grades. Results showed that children in general defined illness and health based on physiological dysfunction. The older school children attributed "inappropriate behaviors" as the cause of illness more than young school children did. Nearly a quarter of the kindergarten group appeared to be at Piaget's level of "phenomenism" when asked to explain the cause of illness. Children also relied on "external resources" as the method to treat illness; younger school children emphasized "medicine treatment". In addition, all children believed "appropriate behaviors" can promote health, but awareness of psychological health did not appear until third and fourth grades.

The effect of parental dental health behavior on that of their adolescent offspring

Article

Sep 1996

This study was designed to investigate the effect of parental dental health behavior on that of their adolescent offspring. The data stemmed from The Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behavior Study performed in 1993 in the County of Hordaland in Norway and comprised separate questionnaires for both parents and a 16-year-old child in 436 family units. A compound measure of parental dental health behavior was applied in logistic regression analyses. The results showed that there were statistically significant associations of use of dental floss, tooth brushing, and drinking of non-sugared mineral water among parents and their adolescent offspring. No significant gender interaction in the association between same- or different-sex parent-adolescent dyads was observed. These findings indicate that parents function as social models for their offspring well into the adolescent period with regard to several dental health behaviors.

A comparison of self- reported dental attitudes and behavior between selected Japanese and Australian students

Article

Apr 1997

To compare cross-cultural differences of dental health behavior, 376 dental students in Japan and 213 in Australia were surveyed using a twenty-item Hiroshima University-Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI) questionnaire (in Japanese and English versions respectively). The mean DBI score of Year 1 Australian students was significantly greater than that of their Japanese peers (Australian 6.56, Japanese 5.57; P < 0.001), which suggested a higher level of dental health awareness in Australian students on entry. Only 7 percent of the Japanese students had been told by their dentist that they were performing a high level of plaque control, as contrasted with 50 percent of the Australian students. Furthermore, while only a small proportion of the Australian students (8 percent) reported a belief that they may eventually require dentures, 37 percent of the Japanese students held this belief (P < 0.001). The mean HU-DBI score of the Japanese students was lower than that of the Australian students until Year 4. Differences between the genders were not a major feature.

Cross-cultural comparison of attitudes and opinions on fluorides and fluoridation between Australia and Japan

Article

Jul 1998

This paper reports on two studies exploring similarities and contrasts in knowledge, attitudes and opinions on fluorides and fluoridation of two culturally different population groups. The first study compares the attitudes and opinions of parents of primary (elementary) schoolchildren in Melbourne, Australia, and Yokohama, Japan, and the second study compares the attitudes and opinions of dentists drawn from the same geographic areas. A self-administered questionnaire collected data on 517 parents and 629 dentists. The questionnaires were of similar design and content for both parents and dentists. They included a series of knowledge and attitudinal statements on preventive dentistry and use of fluorides. Attitudinal responses were measured on a 5-point agree-disagree Likert scale. Data were analyzed using both bivariate and multivariate techniques. Australian parents appeared better informed on the benefits of water fluoridation and held more favorable opinions on fluorides and fluoridation than their Japanese counterparts. Similarly, Australian dentists held more positive attitudes toward the use of fluorides and fluoridation than their Japanese peers. Cultural norms and experiences appear to shape parental attitudes, whereas the focus of dental education and dental practice on restorative treatments in Japan appears to be a substantial influence on the attitudes and opinions held by Japanese dentists.

Relationship between mothers' gingival condition and caries experience of their 3-year-old children

Article

Jan 1999

The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mothers' gingival condition (an assumed indicator of their self-care level) and the prevalence and severity of dental caries of their children. Subjects comprised 1471 pairs of mothers and their children who attended for the 3-year-old dental check-up at a community health centre in Hiroshima. The mothers' gingival condition was scored as 'excellent (+2)', 'good (+1)', 'questionable (0)', 'poor (-1)' or 'very poor (-2)' according to the criteria of the Oral Rating Index (ORI). Caries experience of the children was recorded using the WHO caries diagnostic criteria for dmft. The percentage of caries-free children was 51.3%, and the mean dmft score was 2.61. The percentages of caries-free were higher and the mean dmft level were lower in the children of mothers with better gingival condition compared to the children of mothers with worse gingival condition. Mothers' gingival condition was associated with the prevalence and severity of dental caries of their children.

Present state of dental health knowledge, attitudes/behaviour and perceived oral health of Japanese employees

Article

Jun 1999

The aim of this survey was to assess the present state of dental health knowledge, attitudes/behaviour and perceived oral health of Japanese employees. A 60-item questionnaire was used in a dental health project in the work place. The subjects comprised 77,845 employees, 76 per cent of whom reported delaying a dental visit until they had toothache, with about 60 per cent delaying even when they discovered a decayed tooth. The majority did not regard decayed teeth as a disease and only a minority reported regular dental visits. About three quarters reported bleeding gums on brushing, although more than half had never been taught professionally how to clean their teeth and less than 5 per cent flossed daily. More than half believed that false teeth were inevitable in old age, and that their teeth were getting worse despite daily brushing. About 70 per cent of the employees thought that it was impossible to prevent gum disease with toothbrushing alone, and nearly half believed a toothpaste with fluoride was effective in preventing periodontal disease. Reorientation of oral health care in Japan, therefore, is urgently needed and dental services have to be provided for the implementation of systematic oral health promotion for employees in the workplace.

Relationship between gingival health and dental caries in children aged 7-12 years

Article

Sep 2000

Jan 1994
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Chung Hua Min Kuo Hsiao Erh Ko I Hsueh Hui

Chung Hua Min Kuo Hsiao Erh Ko I Hsueh Hui Tsa Chih 1994; 35: 27-35.

The efficacy of an oral rating index for children for screening gingival health and oral hygiene status

Jan 1999
91-97

M Okada
S Kuwahara
K Kozai
M Kawamura
N Nagasaka

Okada M, Kuwahara S, Kozai K, Kawamura M, Nagasaka N. The efficacy of an oral rating index for children for screening gingival health and oral hygiene status. Pediatric Dental Journal 1999; 9: 91-97.

World Health Organization. Individual tooth status and treatment need

Jan 1987
34-39

World Health Organization. Individual tooth status and treatment need. In: Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods, 3rd edn. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1987: 34-39.

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J L Arbuckle
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Arbuckle JL, Wothke W. Amos 4·0 User's Guide. Chicago: SmallWaters, 1999.

Social equality: the distribution of income and wealth

Jan 1993
164-167

B Eccleston

Eccleston B. Social equality: the distribution of income and wealth. In: State and Society in Post-War Japan. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1993: 164-167.

Increasing choices for women

Jan 1994
192-194

I Ozawa

Ozawa I. Increasing choices for women. In: Blueprint for a New Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1994: 192-194.

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INT J PAEDIATR DENT
107-126

Iapd Bspd

The efficacy of an oral rating index for children for screening gingival health and oral hygiene status

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Okada M

Influence of parents’ oral health behaviour on oral health status of their school children: An exploratory study employing a causal modelling technique

Abstract

No full-text available

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