No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Onion Juice (Allium cepa L.), A New Topical Treatment for Alopecia Areata
Abstract
Alopecia areata is a patchy, non-scarring hair loss condition. Any hair-bearing surface may be involved, and different modalities of treatment have been used to induce hair regrowth. This study was designed to test the effectiveness of topical crude onion juice in the treatment of patchy alopecia areata in comparison with tap water. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group [onion juice treated] consisted of 23 patients, 16 males (69.5%) and 7 females (30.5%). Their ages ranged between 5-42 years with a mean of 22.7 years. The second group [control; tap-water-treated] consisted of 15 patients, 8 males (53.3%) and 7 females (46.6%). Their ages ranged between 3-35 years with a mean of 18.3 years. The two groups were advised to apply the treatment twice daily for two months. Re-growth of terminal coarse hairs started after two weeks of treatment with crude onion juice. At four weeks, hair re-growth was seen in 17 patients (73.9%), and, at six weeks, the hair re-growth was observed in 20 patients (86.9%) and was significantly higher among males (93.7%) compared to females (71.4%) P<0.0001. In the tap-water treated-control group, hair re-growth was apparent in only 2 patients (13%) at 8 weeks of treatment with no sex difference. The present study showed that the use of crude onion juice gave significantly higher results with regard to hair re-growth than did tap water (P<0.0001), and that it can be an effective topical therapy for patchy alopecia areata.
... Allium is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants and has hundreds of species. Previous studies have reported that several Allium species including Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng and Allium cepa L. (also known as onion) have hair growth-promoting effects and can alleviate alopecia [45][46][47]. Allium hookeri is a wild herb within the genus Allium and various beneficial medical properties have been reported in vitro and in vivo experiments; however, there is no study on the effect of A. hookeri on viability and hairinductive properties in HDPCs. Before evaluating the hair-inductive properties of AHE in HDPCs, its potential cytotoxicity was examined in HDPCs ( Figure 1A-C). ...
... In spite of the previous studies showing that many Allium species pro growth and alleviate hair loss [45][46][47]81], the extraction method and specific Alli used in this study are different from those used in previous studies. The extrac ...
... In spite of the previous studies showing that many Allium species promote hair growth and alleviate hair loss [45][46][47]81], the extraction method and specific Allium species used in this study are different from those used in previous studies. The extracts used in previous studies were generated from Allium tuberosum Rolttler ex Spreng and Allium cepa L., not from Allium hookeri, which was used in this study. ...
Oxidative stress and cellular senescence in dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are major etiological factors causing hair loss. In this study, the effect of the Allium hookeri extract (AHE) on hair-inductive and anti-oxidative properties was investigated in human DPCs. As a result, it was found that a non-cytotoxic concentration of the extracts increased the viability and size of the human DPC spheroid, which was associated with the increased expression of hair-growth-related genes in cells. To determine whether or not these effects could be attributed to intracellular anti-oxidative effects, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry alongside various biochemical analyses are conducted herein. An ingredient called alliin was identified as one of the main components. Furthermore, AHE treatment induced a significant decrease in H2O2-mediated cytotoxicities, cell death, and cellular senescence in human DPCs. Upon analyzing these results with a molecular mechanism approach, it was shown that AHE treatment increased β-Catenin and NRF2 translocation into the nucleus while inhibiting the translocation of NF-κB (p50) through p38 and PKA-mediated phosphorylations of GSK3β, an upstream regulator of those proteins. These results overall indicate the possibility that AHE can regulate GSK3β-mediated β-Catenin, NRF2, and NF-κB signaling to enhance hair-inductive properties and ultimately protect against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage in human DPCs.
... The use of indigenous therapies is the hall mark of the African tradi- Over time, some of these have evolved to include modern therapies based on sound scientific research and anecdotal experiences. [5][6][7] These therapies are commonly marketed as natural hair products and can also be obtained from the forest and terrestrial or cultivated plants. There are however a few well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing their efficacy with that of conventional or standard therapy or medications. ...
... There are however a few well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing their efficacy with that of conventional or standard therapy or medications. 5,6 Globally, there is an upsurge in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) also in hair care and in the treatment of hair disorders. 7 The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 88% of most countries of the world including African countries practice traditional medicine with most having national policies on the practice of CAM. 8 In Nigeria, traditional medicine practice in Nigeria is regulated by the Nigerian herbal pharmacopeia (2008) but it is not legally binding. ...
... 8 The use of CAMs is no longer restricted to the rural areas and individuals within the low socio-economic strata. Although side effects like contact dermatitis 6,9 and chemical burns injury have been reported with CAMs, they are assumed to be safer than synthetic products by the end users. In the authors' practices, patients have consistently reported eradication of the lice with local therapies like camphor mixed with kerosene and the application of chemical hair relaxers. ...
Hair and scalp disorders are common among individuals of African descent and constitute a significant proportion of dermatological conditions in them. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for natural products globally especially for hair grooming and treatment of hair disorders. These naturally occurring products are accessible and affordable, perceived to be less toxic and contribute to wellness in an individual. Reports of possible complications from commercial hair products has also led to an increase in the demand for natural products in Nigeria. Indigenous therapies for hair and scalp disorders in Nigeria include physical modalities, natural products and chemicals. These therapies include the use of herbs, bark of trees, fruits, and oils which can be administered orally, topically or deposited intralesionally either through incisions, scarification marks or demabrasion. There are currently very few studies supporting their efficacy and safety, hence the rationale for their use are mostly anecdotal and their mode of administration unregulated. Some of the topical products in use are clearly harmful such as engine oil and kerosene used for the treatment of folliculitis keloidalis nuchae and head lice respectively and should be discouraged as they are caustic, inflammable and systemic absorption could occur leading to complications. Randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the claims from use of these natural products and determine the appropriate dosage for use. This review discusses the various medicinal plants, chemical agents and physical modalities used for different hair and scalp disorders in Nigeria. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Apart from the studies mentioned above, several in vitro, in vivo, and preclinical studies were conducted on hair growth-promoting properties of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) [118], caffeine [119], capsaicin [120], curcumin, garlic gel [22], marine proteins [121], melatonin [22], onion juice [122], procyanidin [123], pumpkin seed oil [124], Red ginseng extract [125], rosemary oil, saw palmetto [126], and vitamins [21]. The findings were recently reviewed and published [22] (Table 2). ...
... [120] Crude onion juice (Allium cepa L.) * Induction of immunological reaction and antigenic competition. [122] Red ginseng extract (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.) Increased cell proliferation. ...
Hair health is associated with personal distress and psychological well-being. Even though hair loss (alopecia) does not affect humans’ biological health, it affects an individual’s social well-being. So, treatment for hair problems and improving hair health are obligatory. Several pharmacological and cosmeceutical treatment procedures are available to manage hair loss and promote growth. Several factors associated with hair health include genetics, disease or disorder, drugs, lifestyle, chemical exposure, and unhealthy habits such as smoking, diet, and stress. Synthetic and chemical formulations have side effects, so people are moving towards natural compounds-based remedies for their hair problems. The history of using phytochemicals for hair health has been documented anciently. However, scientific studies on hair loss have accelerated in recent decades. The current review summarizes the type of alopecia, the factor affecting hair health, alopecia treatments, phytochemicals’ role in managing hair loss, and the mechanisms of hair growth-stimulating properties of phytochemicals. The literature survey suggested that phytochemicals are potent candidates for developing treatment procedures for different hair problems. Further detailed studies are needed to bring the scientific evidence to market.
... Erkek hastalarda, kadınlara kıyasla daha yüksek bir başarı oranı elde edilmiştir. Buna karşılık, musluk suyu ile tedavi edilen grupta sadece %13'lük bir başarı oranı kaydedilmiştir (Sharquie & Al-Obaidi, 2002). ...
... If the amount of iron can not be replaced with food intake, iron deficiency will cause hair loss because of oxygen deficiency. [47] 3.Rosmarinus officinalis (Labiatae) and LavandulaangustifoliaMiller (Labiatae):- Mode of Application: These oils were massaged into the scalp for a minimum of 2 minutes daily for seven months. ...
... It has anti-fungal properties that keep infections away, and also reduce the chances of scalp diseases which cause hair fall. Onion seeds are rich in essential oils which nourish the hair and help it grow (Sharquie and Obaidi, 2002). ...
... Its therapeutic effect is comparable to other available topical immunotherapeutic agents. Sharquie et al. [45] reported significant regrowth of hair in 86.9% of patients (20/23) after twice daily application of onion juice for 2 months. The suggested mechanism of action includes induction of an immunological reaction and antigenic competition which stimulates the regrowth of hair and causes irritant contact dermatitis due to its constituents, phenolic compound, and sulfur. ...
This article describes evidence-based usage of common household items to treat dermatological diseases. We have compiled the rationale of their usage from various studies and practical ways to use items like household vinegar, bleach, and common salt, in diseases such as pseudomonas nail infections, other bacterial and fungal infections, pyogenic granuloma, etc.
... When A. cepa bulb juice was applied topically to the patients for two months, the number of hairs on the application spot did indeed increase. Albeit, mild erythema was reported as a frequent side effect, and the mechanism of action was thought to be a result of an immunological reaction (Sharquie and Al-Obaidi, 2002). A randomized, double-blind, clinical study about the efficacy of a gel prepared with A. sativum extract and betamethasone valerate indicated that the gel could be beneficial (Hajheydari et al., 2007). ...
The history of phytotherapy begins with dermatological applications primarily. Archeological findings suggest that healers of their eras were mostly using plants to treat skin diseases, especially wounds at all types and stages. In today’s world, the popularity of phytotherapy for skin-related problems is still huge and increasing. Extensive research has been conducted to provide scientific evidence for traditional knowledge, and several medicinal plants have been found to be effective for different dermatological disorders. Among them, acne, atopic
dermatitis, psoriasis, hyperpigmentation, Alopecia areata, and skin wounds are the most common complaints. The focus of the present chapter is on the most commonly used medicinal plants in the treatment of these problems, with safety concerns related to phytotherapy applications in dermatology.
... As a result, we've gone into nature's wealth to find a variety of herbs that have a track record of successfully treating alopecia in order to deal with the problem of hair loss. The postulated mechanisms of action of herbal medicines include nutritional support for the products as well as increased scalp blood circulation [6][7][8][9] . ...
This article describes herbal remedies and herbal products for alopecia. It mainly states the use of herbal preparations for the treatment of hair loss and also describes their advantages over synthetic products and drugs. As the use of herbal blends have least side effects, maximum efficacy, and are economically and easily prevalent, they can act as naturopathic medicines in treating various types of hair loss. Hair loss can be due to different reasons such as genetic tendency, extreme stress, nutritional deficiency, environmental triggers, exposure to chemicals etc. Hence use of synthetic compounds can show unfavorable outcomes such as scaling, dermatitis, pruritus and other skin related problems and to overcome such effects herbal products which are made by extraction of natural compounds mainly herbs are preferred as they play a role in patient compliance and show more than one mode of action for the treatment of alopecia. The article basically gives the description of various herbal products, remedies and also herbal products with nutrient supplements available with their brand name, manufacturing details along with their cost, indications which can be beneficial to treat hair loss.
... The onion juice protects the scalp from infection, ensuring hair growth as it possesses antibacterial properties. The use of onion juice causes a reduction in hair fall [16][17][18]. Organosulfur compounds, organo-selenium compounds, flavanols (quercetin and its glucosides), and dietary fibers (fructans and fructooligosaccharides (FOS)) are commonly present in onion as active compounds. ...
Hair-related problems are a global concern and an ever-increasing problem. Compared to chemicals, herbal ingredients are more preferred because of their easy availability and lesser side effects. Using novel medicinal plant ingredients in various formulations, such as hair tonics, hair gels, hair oils, and hair dyes, has proved to be more beneficial than formulations containing chemical components. These novel ingredients have helped enhance hair's beauty and treat various hair problems, such as dandruff, alopecia, and many more. Problems related to hair are a universal concern affecting both sexes. Herbal cosmetics are now an appropriate solution to the current problem. This review describes the use of some natural medicinal plants for hair growth and prevention of grey hair with a brief description of the plant parts and the active compounds responsible for using the herbal plants.
... They found that onion juice produced hair regrowth in significantly more patients than tap water (P<.0001). 11 The mechanism of crude onion juice in hair growth is unknown; however, the induction of irritant or allergic contact dermatitis to components in crude onion juice may stimulate antigenic competition. 12 Garlic Gel-Garlic gel, which is in the genus Allium, produces organosulfur compounds that provide antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory benefits. ...
With the rise of social media influence and ease of accessibility of information, patients often encounter and implement hair loss advice from sources other than medical professionals. Many of these recommendations include herbs and other natural extracts (ie, rosemary oil, rice water, onion juice, garlic gel) as treatments. This review aims to investigate the evidence-based research behind these claims.
... In diffuse chronic forms, trichogram and biopsy are advised. [5] Sharquie and Al-Obaidi [6] investigated the effectiveness of topical crude onion juice for treating patchy AA in comparison with tap water. An Iranian research group investigated the effectiveness of topical garlic gel for treating AA. [7] Shaoqiong [8] described a case report of a girl with AA treated with a traditional Chinese remedy. ...
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterised by hair loss in patched from one or more areas of the skin. While it can affect the scalp, it may occur in other parts of the body as well. No age group is predominantly affected. This case series evaluates the effects of homoeopathic treatment in patients with AA. A total of three cases were included in this study. AA was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms. The patients were prescribed Lycopodium clavatum , Carcinosinum and Tuberculinum based on clinical signs, totality of symptoms, individualisation and miasmatic analysis. Dietary changes were recommended as well. Improvement was assessed based on symptom reduction and growth of new hair. All three patients improved clinically and new hair growth was seen. This case series provides evidence that individualised homoeopathic treatment is clinically effective in AA.
... According to the studies conducted by Cakilcioglu et al., 2011, it was stated that if a medicinal plant has been reported for similar use in other parts of the world, its pharmacological effect could be more easily known [209]. The use of crude juice of Allium cepa L. showed a significantly higher hair growth rate than tap water when applied twice a day for two months which corroborated the present report of hair regrowth [22]. Metallothionein, an antioxidant protein present in Aloe vera (L.) gel, has been reported to have a protective effect against UV and gamma radiation damage to the skin. ...
Background
Medicinal plants have been used countless times for curing diseases mainly in developing countries. They are easily available with little to no side effects when compared to modern medicine. This manuscript encompasses information on ethnomedicinal plants in Champhai district, located in the North East Region (NER) of India. The region lies within Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. This study will be the first quantitative report on the ethnomedicinal plants used by the local tribes of this region. Knowledge of medicinal plants is mostly acquired by word of mouth, and the knowledge is dying among the local youths with the prevalence of modern medicine. Hence, there is urgency in deciphering and recording such information.
Methods
Information was gathered through interviews with 200 informants across 15 villages of the Champhai district. From the data obtained, we evaluate indices such as used report (UR), frequency of citation (FC), informant consensus factor (Fic), cultural values (CVs) and relative importance (RI) for all the plant species. Secondary data were obtained from scientific databases such as Pubmed, Sci Finder and Science Direct. The scientific name of the plants was matched and arranged in consultation with the working list of all plant species (http://www.theplantlist.org).
Results
Totally, 93 plant species from 53 families and 85 genera were recorded. The most common families are Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae with six and five species representatives, respectively. Leaves were the most frequently used part of a plant and were usually used in the form of decoction. Curcuma longa has the most cultural value (27.28 CVs) with the highest used report (136 FC), and the highest RI value was Phyllanthus emblica. The main illness categories as per Frequency of citation were muscle/bone problem (0.962 Fic), gastro-intestinal disease (0.956 Fic) and skin care (0.953 Fic).
Conclusion
The people of Mizoram living in the Champhai district have an immense knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants. There were no side effects recorded for consuming ethnomedicinal plants. We observed that there is a scope of scientific validation of 10 plant species for their pharmacological activity and 13 species for the phytochemical characterisation or isolation of the phytochemicals. This might pave the path for developing a scientifically validated botanical or lead to semisyntheic derivatives intended for modern medicine.
... Bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) yang digunakan dalam formulasi sampo herbal mengandung senyawa allin, steroid, fruktosa, saponin, flavonoid dan vitamin C 15,30 . Bawang merah menginduksi reaksi immunologi (dengan kemungkinan dermatitis ringan) yang berefek pada induksi pertumbuhan rambut 30,46 . ...
Sampo adalah produk perawatan rambut paling umum yang digunakan masyarakat dengan bahan utama berupa surfaktan/deterjen. Salah satu tujuan penggunaan sampo adalah untuk mengobati masalah rambut rontok. Pengobatan rambut rontok menggunakan bahan sintetis serperti minoksidil dinilai belum cukup mengatasi rambut rontok karena menimbulkan efek samping yang tidak nyaman. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas formulasi dan evaluasi sampo berbahan herbal perangsang pertumbuhan rambut disertai mekanisme herbal terhadap aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka secara elektronik berbagai jurnal internasional dan nasional yang diakses dari situs Google Scholar dan ScienceDirect terhadap jurnal internasional maupun nasional. Hasil kajian pustaka menunjukan perbedaan formula berpengaruh terhadap hasil evaluasi fisik 7 formula sampo herbal. Mekanisme herbal dalam menyuburkan rambut yaitu antioksidan, antiinflamasi, peningkat densitas rambut, pelebar folikel rambut, perpanjang fase anagen, sebagai nutrisi folikel rambut, metabolisme androgen, inhibisi PAK1 (P21-activated kinases) dan induksi reaksi immunologi. Dari artikel ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa formula terbaik sampo adalah formula sampo ekstrak licorice dengan kandungan kombinasi surfaktan dan hasil evaluasi sesuai dengan syarat parameter evaluasi yang telah ditetapkan. Dalam perangsangan pertumbuhan rambut, herbal yang dijadikan sebagai bahan utama sampo memiliki mekanisme yang beragam.
... 6.1.7. Procyanidin: Procyanidins are a type of flavonoids produce commonly in herbs, including apples, barley, cocoa, cinnamon, grapes, and tea, have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifungal properties (81). Procyanidins also promotes anagen phase in murine hair models (82). ...
Alopecia (Baldness) is a very usual trouble in current time. It accompanied by intensive weaking of the scalps hair and follows a specific pattern. Hereditary predisposition plays a very important role in alopecia in spite of not completely understood. Alopecia can be typed to various categories according to etiology, may be due to hereditary factors, autoimmune disease and drugs or chemicals. There are many options of strategies of treatment according to the type and causes of alopecia. Chemical or synthetic medications apply for management of hair loss are accompanied with the wide range of undesirable effects. Naturally occurring drugs also play important role in alopecia management with minimal side effects.
... 6.1.7. Procyanidin: Procyanidins are a type of flavonoid produce commonly in herbs, including apples, barley, cocoa, cinnamon, grapes, and tea, have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties (81). Procyanidins also promote anagen phase in murine hair models (82). ...
Alopecia (Baldness) is a very usual trouble in current time. It accompanied by intensive weaking of the scalps hair and follows a specific pattern. Hereditary predisposition plays a very important role in alopecia in spite of not completely understood. Alopecia can be typed to various categories according to etiology, may be due to hereditary factors, autoimmune disease and drugs or chemicals. There are many options of strategies of treatment according to the type and causes of alopecia. Chemical or synthetic medications apply for management of hair loss are accompanied with the wide range of undesirable effects. Naturally occurring drugs also play important role in alopecia management with minimal side effects.
Alopecia is a concerning dermatological issue and is also known as alopecia. This disease can affect men and women, influencing their confidence and appearance. It targets the scalp or any area of the entire body. Alopecia has become widespread worldwide over the years and has many types and different causes: hereditary, hormonal, immunological, therapeutic, or psychological. This review will present a comprehensive study of the physiological structure of hair and the different growth and shedding phases. It discusses using nano-drug delivery systems that contain natural substances of plant origin, which are effective, less harmful compared to current treatments, and help avoid adverse effects. This review also covers the latest trends in treating alopecia, including drug delivery systems, the materials and methods used to prepare these systems, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting strategies, and plant extracts that may be utilized for treatment in the coming years.
Alopecia refers to the scientific word for diminished hair growth or balding. It describes a disease in which hairs falls off from one or more parts of your body, most commonly the scalp. Losing your hair might be triggered by a variety of factors, including hereditary traits, external factors, chemical exposure, medication, dietary insufficiency, chronic tension, or prolonged sickness, among others. Alopecia is categorized into different types depending upon its pattern of diminished hair growth and its genesis. The pursuit of effective treatments has led to the exploration of both synthetic and herbal medications. This study examines the performance, mechanisms of action, tolerability profiles, and limits of synthetic and herbal remedies for alopecia. Synthetic medications such as minoxidil and finasteride are commonly prescribed and have demonstrated varying degrees of success in clinical trials. However, concerns regarding adverse effects and long-term efficacy persist. Conversely, herbal medications, including saw palmetto, ginseng, and pumpkin seed oil, have gained popularity due to their perceived natural origin and potentially fewer side effects. Nevertheless, the scientific evidence supporting their efficacy remains limited and often inconclusive. Additionally, challenges in standardization and regulation pose significant barriers to the widespread adoption of herbal treatments. This study aims to provide healthcare professionals and patients with a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of synthetic and herbal medications for alopecia, highlighting the need for further research to elucidate their therapeutic potential and optimize patient outcomes.
Background:
Alopecia is common and can lead to significant distress for patients. Patients often seek medical information on the Internet, which may leave them susceptible to misinformation from poor-quality sources. The aim of this study was to qualitatively assess misinformation available online related to alopecia.
Summary:
Several alopecia-related myths were identified, including false causes, criticism of conventional treatments, and bogus "natural" cures or remedies. False causes included headwear, haircare practices, and sexual practices. Treatments which were criticized included minoxidil, finasteride, topical corticosteroids, ciclosporin, methotrexate, and Janus kinase inhibitors. Alternative unfounded therapies which were touted included mineral supplements, biotin, B vitamin complexes, fish oils, shark cartilage, onion juice, rosemary oil, horsetail extract, and saw palmetto.
Key messages:
Misinformation related to alopecia is prevalent online and may lead to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Dermatologists and other healthcare professionals should combat misinformation when encountered.
To make the distinction against pharmaceuticals, natural product medicines are more accurately denoted as nutritional therapies. In the context of topical therapies targeting dermatological conditions, nutritional therapy may explain the mechanism of ethnocosmetic plants used in hair treatment and care. Inspired by emerging theories of a connection between dysregulated glucose metabolism and hair loss, the current review of the literature focused on African plants used to target hair conditions in general, such as alopecia or scalp dermis infections, with a cross-examination of the potential of the species to alleviate issues with glucose metabolism. We distinguish between topical nutrition and sterilization (i.e., dandruff and lice). Sixty-eight plants were identified as an African treatment for alopecia, dandruff, lice, and tinea. Fifty-eight of the species have potential as antidiabetic treatments when taken orally. The family Lamiaceae was the most represented (six spp.), followed by Fabaceae and Asteraceae (five spp. each). Most species are herbs, and the most used plant part is the leaf. Thirty of the sixty species have research associated with hair growth and general hair care, with studies focused on 5α-reductase inhibition, biomarkers such as vascular endothelial growth factor, and the rate of telogen to anagen phase transition. While studies tend to conceptualize the mechanisms of these medicinal species similarly to pharmaceuticals, the current review argues that a nutritional interpretation is more appropriate, where a general improvement to local glucose metabolism may play a role.
The most unbiased of present study is to treat Alopecia. Alopecia areatatis hit or
miss hair loss - condition. Herbal drug used internally also as externally used hair growth to prevent
premature grayish or hair loss. The claim of higher growth of hair and diminution in loss of hair.
Herbs are starting material for any medicine
research. Approximately about 80% residents recommended herbal drugs for his or her beneficial
effects along with fewer side effects as compared synthetic drugs.
Hair loss (alopecia) has a multitude of causes, and the problem is still poorly defined. For curing alopecia, therapies are available in both natural and synthetic forms; however, natural remedies are gaining popularity due to the multiple effects of complex phytoconstituents on the scalp with fewer side effects. Evidence-based hair growth promotion by some plants has been reported for both traditional and advanced treatment approaches. Nanoarchitectonics may have the ability to evolve in the field of hair- and scalp-altering products and treatments, giving new qualities to hair that can be an effective protective layer or a technique to recover lost hair. This review will provide insights into several plant and herbal formulations that have been reported for the prevention of hair loss and stimulation of new hair growth. This review also focuses on the molecular mechanisms of hair growth/loss, several isolated phytoconstituents with hair growth-promoting properties, patents, in vivo evaluation of hair growth-promoting activity, and recent nanoarchitectonic technologies that have been explored for hair growth.
The medical term for baldness is alopecia. It refers to the condition where hair is lost from one or more areas of the body, commonly from the scalp. Balding can result from various factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, exposure to chemicals, medications, nutritional deficiencies, excessive stress, or prolonged illness. Depending on the pattern of hair loss and its underlying cause, alopecia is categorizedinto several types. Among these, androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata are of primary concern. Presently, there are numerous synthetic treatments available for managing alopecia (both areata and androgenetic alopecia), including minoxidil, corticosteroids, zinc, dithranol, systemic cortisone, tretinoin, irritants, immunosuppressants, azelaic acid, and finasteride. However, these treatments often fail to provide satisfactory and long-lasting results for individuals with alopecia. Moreover, these synthetic products are associated with adverse effects, such as itching, redness, dermatitis, flaking, and irritation. Natural remedies have been explored to address the challenge of hair loss. A variety of herbs have demonstrated efficacy in managing alopecia. These natural remedies operate through mechanisms such as nutritional support, 5-α-reductase and DHT (dihydrotestosterone) inhibition, aromatherapy, and improved scalp blood circulation. Utilizing these natural treatments offers several advantages, including patient adherence, minimal side effects, easy accessibility, affordability, and diverse modes of therapeutic action for hair loss management. In this review, we highlighted the causes of alopecia and its promising, cost-effective treatments, which might significantly alter the lives of those impacted by baldness by providing them with a road to greater self-assurance, well-being, and quality of life.
Phytonutrients and Neurological Disorders: Therapeutic and Toxicological Aspects provides and assesses the latest research and developments surrounding the use of phytonutrients for the treatment of neurological disorders. The volume analyzes advances in phytonutrient isolation, characterization and therapeutic applications, giving particular emphasis to mechanisms and safety profiles. The book takes toxicological considerations into account, including adverse drug reactions, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Sections cover bioactive compound classes and biosynthesis pathways, general considerations, including quality control, standardization, and technology, and toxicology. This title is a comprehensive work on the latest research in phytonutrients and neurological disorders that will be useful to researchers and medical practitioners.
In spite of being a non-life-threatening condition, hair loss (alopecia) severely impacts the quality of life of individuals who experience it. Recent studies indicate that the number of patients suffering from alopecia globally is on the rise. Androgenic alopecia (AGA) affects both genders at all ages. Genetic factors and family history are found to greatly impact the likelihood of experiencing hair loss. Statistics reveal that during the course of their lives, 80% of men experience alopecia, while 40 to 50% of women are likely to face some form of hair shedding. AGA is characterized by frontal-temporal hair shedding in men and hair thinning of the midline part of the scalp for women. A variety of herbal formulations are available on the market to combat AGA, while only two FDA-approved medications exist at the moment: oral finasteride and topical minoxidil. Topical formulations of finasteride are still under clinical trials. Minoxidil and finasteride formulations provide effective AGA treatment for both genders. Recent concerns regarding potential side effects of these two medications have drawn interest in providing new innovative alternative formulations (nutrients, minerals and vitamins) to provide a safer treatment against AGA. This article provides a brief overview of the current and alternative AGA formulations.
Alopecia areata (AA) is a dermatological disease that causes nonscarring hair loss. It can occur at any age and has an unpredictable and variable evolution in individuals. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the novel therapies currently being used, as well as upcoming therapeutic options in the treatment of AA.
The influence of environmental factors on the development of autoimmune disease is being broadly investigated to better understand the multifactorial nature of autoimmune pathogenesis and to identify potential areas of intervention. Areas of particular interest include the influence of lifestyle, nutrition, and vitamin deficiencies on autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. In this review, we discuss how particular lifestyles and dietary patterns may contribute to or modulate autoimmunity. We explored this concept through a spectrum of several autoimmune diseases including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Alopecia Areata (AA) affecting the central nervous system, whole body, and the hair follicles, respectively. A clear commonality between the autoimmune conditions of interest here is low Vitamin D, a well-researched hormone in the context of autoimmunity with pleiotropic immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. While low levels are often correlated with disease activity and progression in MS and AA, the relationship is less clear in SLE. Despite strong associations with autoimmunity, we lack conclusive evidence which elucidates its role in contributing to pathogenesis or simply as a result of chronic inflammation. In a similar vein, other vitamins impacting the development and course of these diseases are explored in this review, and overall diet and lifestyle. Recent work exploring the effects of dietary interventions on MS showed that a balanced diet was linked to improvement in clinical parameters, comorbid conditions, and overall quality of life for patients. In patients with MS, SLE and AA, certain diets and supplements are linked to lower incidence and improved symptoms. Conversely, obesity during adolescence was linked with higher incidence of MS while in SLE it was associated with organ damage. Autoimmunity is thought to emerge from the complex interplay between environmental factors and genetic background. Although the scope of this review focuses on environmental factors, it is imperative to elaborate the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environment due to the multifactorial origin of these disease. Here, we offer a comprehensive review about the influence of recent environmental and lifestyle factors on these autoimmune diseases and potential translation into therapeutic interventions.
Background: Hair loss or alopecia is a common dermatological condition affecting up to 2% of the world population. It is often caused by hereditary factors, such as male or female pattern baldness, but it can also result from various environmental factors, an unbalanced diet, or chronic illness. While hair loss is not life-threatening, it can cause significant anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems, ultimately impacting an individual's quality of life.
Objective: Various treatments for hair loss, including both synthetic drugs, such as minoxidil and finasteride, or medicinal herbs, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Despite synthetic drugs' effectiveness, they may come with potential side effects. Natural remedies have been proposed as a viable option for treating hair loss because many chronic disorders can cause alopecia. As such, this review focuses on identifying alternative, efficient treatment agents with limited side effects. Specifically, it looks into medicinal plants as potential healing agents for treating hair loss.
Methods: To gather relevant information for the study, multiple databases were searched, including Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. A comprehensive search was conducted using a range of search terms, such as "hair loss," "alopecia," "natural remedies for hair loss," "herbal treatments for hair loss," and others to extract relevant scientific articles.
Results: Many medicinal plants and natural compounds have shown potential in reducing hair loss, thanks to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and the ability to improve local metabolism when applied externally. According to existing literature, herbal extracts and formulations derived from plants, such as Urtica dioica, Humulus lupulus, Serenoa repens, Vitis vinifera, Pygeum africanum, Cucurbita pepo, etc., as well as certain individual herbal compounds, micronutrients, bee products, and keratin, may be effective in reducing hair loss directly or indirectly.
Conclusion: Research suggests that medicinal plants and a variety of natural compounds hold promise in promoting hair growth and preventing alopecia.
Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Recent research demonstrates that phytochemicals are critical in preventing and managing gastrointestinal cancer. The increased intake of phytochemicals could reduce the risk of cancer by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and suppressing angiogenesis as well as cancer cell metastasis. These mechanisms are also known to counter Helicobacter pylori infection and modulate gut microbiota. There is preliminary data suggesting that daily supplementation with high doses of certain vitamins combined with conventional therapeutic agents may enhance their growth inhibitory effects on tumor cells and protect normal tissues against some of their toxic effects. This book attempts to fill gaps on the role of phytonutrients in the treatment of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). It discusses the action of individual vitamins on cellular and molecular parameters and describes how vitamins inhibit protein kinase C activity, increase the production of certain growth factors, and modulate the expression of a number of oncogenes. The book is divided into 2 parts. The first part summarizes the pathophysiology of GIT cancers and introduces readers to anticancer phytonutrients. A chapter on the status of FDA approved nutraceuticals rounds up this section. The second part of the book provides a systematic review on the different plant derived chemicals that can be used to treat GIT cancer. Each chapter in this section focuses on a specific type of phytochemical agent and its molecular mechanisms relevant to the disease. This book will give the reader a holistic view of gastrointestinal cancer treatment and the value of natural compounds in developing functional food and drugs for preventive medicine.
Alopecia is the medical term for hair loss or baldness. I’m in good health Hair loss on some or all parts of the body, usually scalp. There are various causes of hair loss, including genetics. Addiction, environmental factors, chemical exposure, medication, Due to malnutrition, extreme stress, long-term illness, etc. due to hair Loss patterns and causes, alopecia are divided into several categories. Two main form, d. H. Mainly alopecia areata and male pattern baldness problem. There are now many synthetic therapies such as corticosteroids. Dithranol, tretinoin, minoxidil, zinc, systemic cortisone, stimulants, immunosuppressants, finasteride, azelaic acid available for treatment Alopecia (both male and circular) but without single or multiple drugs Treatment provides satisfactory and lasting results for patients with alopecia. Also, there are many side effects associated with its use synthetic compounds, including erythema, scaling, itching, dermatitis; So, check here for hair loss problems Explored nature’s treasures and discovered many proven herbs For the treatment of alopecia. Nutritional support, DHT blockers, improving scalp circulation Proposed mechanism of action of these herbal remedies. Be natural Medicines Using them has many advantages, low cost, and multiple mechanisms of action Treatment of alopecia.
Herbal cosmetics have growing demand on the earth market and are a precious gift of nature. Herbal formulations continuously have attracted gigantic concentration on the grounds that of their good endeavor and comparatively lesser or nil side effect with synthetic medications. Hair loss problem is of great significance to both men and women. Alopecia is the medical term for hair loss or baldness. It is a health condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body, usually from the scalp. Hair loss can be caused due to different reasons, such as genetics, environmental triggers, exposure to chemicals, medicines, nutritional deficiency, extreme stress or long illness etc. This hindrance could be solved by the use of natural medicines obtained from herbs. Various herbs are being used to preclude the hair loss and remorse of hairs. Herbs are starting material for any medicine research. Approximately about 80% residents recommended herbal drugs for their beneficial effects along with fewer side effects as compared synthetic drugs.
Herbs & herbal drugs are clinically proved good for hair growth. Hair
loss problem is of great concern to both males & females & the main
problems associated with hair loss are hair fading, dandruff & falling
of hair. Various synthetic medicines are available for hair loss which
does not treat permanently & also shows severe side effects. The main
objective of this work is to develop such an herbal hair oil formulation
which can resolve the problem related to hair fall & other hair diseases.
Herbal drugs like, Phyllanthus embelica (Euphorbeaceae) Allium cepa
L. (Liliaceae) Bacopa monniera and Ginko biloba were selected for the
formulations of poly herbal hair oil. The hair oil was prepared
individually and in a varying concentration of all three herbs and a
mixture of all the three herbs in fixed proportion using coconut oil as
base. The formulated oil in varying concentration was evaluated physical, chemical and hair
growth properties of formulated oil by applying it topically on shaved skin of albino rats.
Primary skin irritation test, hair length test were performed and the hair growth was
compared with standard Minoxidil 2% ethanolic solution using healthy albino rats.
Allium cepa is one of the oldest domesticated and cultivated vegetables in human history. It has been grown and selectively bred in cultivation for at least 7000 years, but the onion’s geographic origin is uncertain because the wild onion is nowadays extinct [1]. According to archaeologists, botanists, and food historians, the first cultivated, farmed onions probably appeared in central Asia or Persia. In ancient Egypt, it was the only vegetable depicted with gold flakes, and its spherical, concentric shape symbolized eternity [2]. In ancient Greece and Rome, athletes used it as food for the “balance of blood” and as an extract for soothing sore muscles [3].
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Skin diseases are among the most common human health affections. A healthy skin promotes a healthy body that can be achieved through modern, allopathic and natural medicines. Therefore, medicinal plants can be a reliable therapy in treating skin diseases in humans through a diverse range of bioactive molecules they contain.
Aim of the study
This review aims to provide for the first-time scientific evidence related to the dermatological properties of Morocco's medicinal plants and it aims to provide a baseline for the discovery of new drugs having activities against skin issues.
Methods
This review involved an investigation with different search engines for Moroccan ethnobotanical surveys published between 1991 and 2021. The plants used to treat skin diseases have been determined. Information regarding pharmacological effects, phytochemical, and clinical trials related to the plants listed in this review was collected from different scientific databases like PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus. The data were analyzed and summarized in the review.
Results
A total of 401 plants belonging to 86 families mainly represented by Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, and Apiaceae which have been documented to be in common use by Moroccans for managing skin diseases. Among those plants recorded, the most commonly used are Allium cepa L, Chamaeleon gummifer (L.) Cass and Salvia rosmarinus Schleid. Mill. Leaves were the most commonly used plant part, while powder and decoction were the most common method of traditional drug preparation. 107 of the 401 plants (27%) have undergone pharmacological validation. A total of 44 compounds isolated from 27 plants were investigated to treat different types of skin diseases, and 25 plants have been clinically studied for their activities against skin diseases.
Conclusion
The beneficial effects of using Moroccan medicinal plants to treat skin diseases, according to traditional practices, have been proven in numerous scientific studies. Therefore, other studies should focus on isolating and identifying specific bioactive compounds from plant extracts, revealing more valuable therapeutic properties. Furthermore, additional reliable clinical trials are needed to confirm their beneficial effect on patients with skin diseases.
Alopecia is the medical term for hair loss and baldness It is a health condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body usually from the scalp Hair loss can be caused due to different reasons such as genetic tendencies environmental triggers, exposure to chemicals medicines nutritional deficiency, extreme stress or long illness based on hair loss pattern and causes alopecia is classified into several categories. The two major form Alopecia areata and Androgenetic alopecia are of main concern at present aumbeseveraltic remedies like Corticosteroids, dithranol. Tretinoin, minoxidil, zincstsystemtisone irritantsimmuno suppressants drugsafinasteridezelaic acid are available for the treatment of Alopecia (both Androgenetic and Areata), However, no single or multiple pharmacological therapies are providing Alopecia patients with satisfying and long-term outcomes. Besides, several effects are associated with the use of these synthetic compounds, including erythema, scaling, pruritis, dermatitis, itching, so to cope with the problem of Harihar's, here we haveloed into the Ne's treasure and found a number several h proved records for the treatment of alopecia. Nutritional support, DHT blockers and 5-αReductase blockers, Aromatherapy, and improved scalp blood circulation are the proposed mechanisms of action for these herbal remedies being natural drugs here are many advantages of using them like patient compliance fewer side-effects easy availability low-cost and more than one mode of action for the treatment of Alopecia baldness.
Background
Medicinal plants have been used countless times for curing diseases mainly in developing countries. They are easily available with little to no side effects when compared to modern medicine. This manuscript encompasses information on ethnomedicinal plants in Champhai district, located in the North East Region (NER) of India. The region lies within Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. This study will be the first quantitative report on the ethnomedicinal plants used by the local tribes of this region. Knowledge of medicinal plants is mostly acquired by word of mouth and the knowledge is dying among the local youths with the prevalence of modern medicine. Hence, there is urgency in deciphering and recording such information.
Methods
Information was gathered through interviews with 200 informants across 15 villages of the Champhai District. From the data obtained, we calculated the Used Report (UR), Frequency of Citation (FC) and Informant Consensus Factor (Fic) for all the plant species. Secondary data was obtained from scientific databases such as Pubmed, Sci Finder and Science Direct. The scientific name of the plants were matched and arranged in consultation with the working list of all plant species (http://www.theplantlist.org ).
Results
93 plant species from 53 families were recorded. The most common families are Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae with six and five species representatives respectively. Leaves were the most frequently used part of a plant and were usually used in the form of decoction. The plant species with the highest used report (UR) were Curcuma longa L. (136 FC) and Flueggea virosa (126 FC). The main illness categories as per Frequency of citation were Muscle/Bone Problem (0.962 Fic), Gastro-intestinal Disease (0.956 Fic) and Skin Care (0.953 Fic).
Conclusion
The people of Mizoram living in the Champhai district have an immense knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants. There are no new adverse effects recorded. We observed that there is a scope of scientific validation of 10 plant species for their pharmacological activity and 13 species for the phytochemical characterization or isolation of the phytochemicals. This might pave the path for developing a scientifically validated botanical or lead to semisyntheic derivatives intended for modern medicine.
سابقه و هدف: در حال حاضر ریزش موی سر اختلالی شایع و مسئلهای جهانی است. برای درمان این اختلال محبوبیت محصولات طبیعی و داروهای سنتی در حال افزایش است. استفاده از منابع طب سنتی برای یافتن گیاهان مناسب و مؤثر در سلامت مو و تهیه فرآورده های آنها بسیار سودمند است. طب سنتی ایران تشکیلشده از مجموع دانش ها است که نه تنها در تشخیص طبی، پیشگیری و درمان بیماریهای مختلف راه حلهای مناسب ارائه داده است بلکه در مورد کاربرد گیاهان مختلف در زینت (کاربرد در آرایش و زیبایی) و از جمله در سلامت مو و درمان بیماریهای مو هم حاوی اطلاعات باارزشی از تجربیات دانشمندان و حکیمان این سرزمین می باشد. در این مطالعه داروهای مفردهای که در منابع طب سنتی اسلام و ایران برای درمان ریزش مو توصیه و تأکید شده اند معرفی شدند.
مواد و روشها: این مطالعه یک تحقیق کتابخانهای براساس بررسی متون داروسازی سنتی ایرانی است. در این مطالعه مفردات دارویی ذکرشده در درمان ریزش موی سر در جلد دوم کتاب القانون فی الطب ابنسینا جمعآوری، سپس این مفردات در کتابهای الابنیه عن حقایق الادویه، تذکره اولی الالباب والجامع للعجب العجاب، تحفه المومنین و مخزن الادویه جستوجو شدند. مراحل انجام تحقیق شامل: یافتن کلیدواژهها، جستوجو در منابع، تهیه لیست واحد، یافتن مترادفات، جمعبندی، نمرهدهی، اولویتبندی و رسم نمودار بوده است.
یافتهها: در این مطالعه ۲۴ مفرده در درمان ریزش موی سر یافت شدند که دارای منشأ گیاهی، حیوانی یا معدنی هستند. براساس نمرههای بهدست آمده در جدول مفردات، آس (مورد)، پرسیاوشان، سدر، لادن، شنبلیله و مفرده حیوانی خرگوش بالاترین امتیازات را کسب کردند.
نتیجهگیری: لیست مفردات دارویی بهدست آمده در این مطالعه میتواند مبنای انجام مطالعات پایه و بالینی برای طراحی و تهیه داروهای گیاهی مناسب و مؤثر در درمان ریزش مو قرار گیرد.
واژههای کلیدی: طب سنتی اسلام و ایران، ریزش مو، مفردات دارویی
Although mostly seen in the scalp, alopecia can occur in any hair- bearing site of the body. In spite of various modern treatments, total cost, efficacy, safety and drug dependency have caused a global willing towards natural remedies. The aim of this chapter is to focus on medicinal plants mentioned in Canon of Avicenna, one of the most primary medicinal books, for the treatment of alopecia. Databases like PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched for plants mentioned in Canon for managing alopecia to find studies on their clinical efficacy or mechanisms, which may have attributed to the treatment of alopecia. 25 plants belonging to 16 families have been mentioned in Canon. Most of them have a history of use in ethno-medicine and some are used in hair growth products nowadays. Investigating literatures has shown that anti- inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties are the proposed mechanisms for the treatment of some types of alopecia. Islamic traditional medicine can give new insights for development of multiple natural treatment, which their use in human have been tested for thousands of years. By confirming their efficacy and safety, traditional herbal remedies are appropriate alternatives for chemicals mainly used for alopecia.
Actaea racemosa (AR) also known as Cimicifuga racemosa, is a perennial plant from Ranunculaceae family which was used as traditional remedies in treatment of various condition like rheumatoid muscular pain, headache, inflammation and dysmenorrhea. Actaea racemosa was basically native to Canada and the Eastern United State. This chapter proposed the ethnopharmacological uses of Actaea racemosa, and its phytochemical properties. Specifically, in this article we focused on use of Actaea racemose for menopausal and post-menopausal symptoms management. Electronic databases including PubMed and Scopus were searched for studies on Actaea racemose and its administration in management of menopausal symptoms. Chem Office software was also used in order to find chemical structures. The key words used as search terms were Cimicifuga racemose, Actaea racemose, Ranunculaceae, Black cohosh, Menopausal symptoms. We have included all relevant animal and human studies up to the date of publication. The analysis on Actaea racemose showed various indications for different plant’s extracts. Approximately 131 chemical compounds have been isolated and identified from Actaea racemosa. According to recently studies, the most important chemicals known of the Actaea racemosa are phenolic compounds, chromones, triterpenoids, nitrogen-containing constituents. In addition, in vivo and in vitro studies reported wide range of pharmacological activities for Black cohosh like attenuating menopausal symptoms. Mechanism of action for some ethnomedicinal indications were made clear while some of its activities are not confirmed by pharmacological studies yet. Further investigations on its pharmacological properties are necessary to expand its clinical effective use. Also, additional large clinical trials are recommended for clarifying the effect of Black cohosh.
In a double blind study, alcohol/onion extract (5% ethanol) was injected simultaneously with 20 IU and 200 IU rabbit anti-human-IgE intradermally in 12 adult volunteers (6 atopics, 6 non-atopics). Diameters of wheals and flares were measured 10 min after and compared with control sites challenged with 20 IU and 200 IU anti-IgE in a 5% ethanol solution. The skin sites were then treated epidermally with 45% alcohol/onion extract and 45% ethanol under occlusion. Diameters of late cutaneous reactions were measured hourly. Oedema formation was clinically estimated according to an arbitrary scale and skin thickness measured with a calliper. In the onion-treated skin sites the wheal areas were significantly reduced (20 IU: control: 108 +/- 53 mm2; onion 69 +/- 42 mm2, P less than 0.05; 200 IU anti-IgE: control: 152 +/- 25 mm2, onion: 138 +/- 26 mm2, P less than 0.02). The oedema formation during the late phase skin reaction was markedly depressed (P less than 0.005 at 2 h, P less than 0.01 at 4 and 6 h, P less than 0.02 at 8 h). The extent of late skin reactions was slightly, but not significantly reduced. Obviously, onions contain pharmacologically active substances with anti-inflammatory and/or allergic properties.
.— A case of contact dermatitis to garlic is described. Patch tests with a piece of garlic bulb and extracts of garlic were positive. A tulip extract gave a positive reaction in this patient, but extracts of onion did not do so. The active substance proved to be readily soluble in water, alcohol and acetone. The allergenic material was found to be of low molecular weight, heat labile and present in the outer parts of the bulb.
Alopecia areata can be treated effectively by topical application of potent contact allergens. To explain the response, the following hypothesis is presented. Alopecia areata is considered an autoimmune disease. The characteristic peribulbar round cell infiltrates probably reflect a cell-mediated immune reaction to some hair-associated antigen. With the elicitation of contact allergy, a second antigen is introduced at the same site. The infiltrates of the allergic contact dermatitis contain suppressor T cells and suppressor macrophages which, in terms of local immunoregulation, exert a nonspecific inhibitory effect on the immune response against hair follicles. Regrowth of hair would be due to a change in the local balance between helper and suppressor cells. In conclusion, the phenomenon of antigenic competition is proposed as a therapeutic concept.
It has been more than 2 decades since the first report of the use of dinitrochlorobenzene to induce hair growth in 2 patients with alopecia areata. Other topical sensitizers, namely squaric acid dibutylester and diphenylcyclopropenone, have been used with variable success. This article reviews the efficacy and safety of the use of topical sensitizers in the treatment of alopecia areata.
Alopecia areata (AA) is a nonscarring hair loss condition. Among the many factors under investigation in the pathogenesis of AA, the main areas of concentration have been genetic constitution as well as nonspecific immune and organ-specific autoimmune reactions. Treatment with intralesional corticosteroid injections for localized patchy AA and topical immunotherapy for extensive AA have proven successful in the majority of patients, although all treatments are palliative and do not change the prognosis of the disease.
The flavonoids trends in pharmacological sciences
- Middleton E