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[The changing trends of demography and oral diseases for Chinese dentistry]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the changed trends of population, oral diseases and their effects on Chinese dentistry.
The demographic and epidemiologic data published in recent books and journals were reviewed and analyzed.
As the 21st century approached, dentistry in China would face many changing trends and challenges. 1. a growing population and an aging population: The two sub-populations with the greatest need for prevention and treatment were children and old patients who were outpacing the supply of dental manpower. 2. The changed dental disease patterns: The prevalence of caries was increasing and more than two thirds of Chinese suffered from periodontal disease. The traditional dental approaches have not been able to satisfy the needs of Chinese.
The challenge created by these demographic, economic and advances in dental technology is changing Chinese dentistry.
... For adults aged 35 to 44 years, the detection rates of subgingival dental plaque and periodontitis were 94.15 % and 14.82 %, respectively. For adults aged 65 to 74 years, the rates changed to 77.46 % and 22.40 %, respectively (Hu, 2000). It was reported that the periodontal condition of older people in Demark was generally worse comparing to the other industrialized countries (Krustrup and Petersen, 2006). ...
Globally, about half of the adult population suffers from periodontal diseases. In periodontal diseases, multispecies bacterial biofilms accumulate between the epithelium of gingiva and teeth resulting in inflammation, periodontal pocket formation and alveolar bone loss. Integrin αvβ6 maintains anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling in healthy junctional epithelium. However, it is significantly reduced in the pocket epithelium in periodontal disease. In this study, we show that β6 integrin mRNA and protein expression is suppressed by bacterial biofilms in cultured gingival epithelial cells (GECs). We found that biofilm-induced suppression of β6 integrin expression is driven by autocrine epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and attenuation of TGF-β1 signaling which leads to enhanced pro-inflammatory response. The biofilm-initiated β6 integrin downregulation in GEC can be prevented by blocking EGFR signaling. In addition, selective EGFR inhibitors significantly reduce periodontal inflammation and bone loss in an experimental periodontitis model in vivo. Therefore, blocking EGFR signaling could serve as a novel approach to reduce inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease.
... Despite the great improvements in China's economic status since the Reform and Open Up policy in 1978, it is still facing problems such as an underdeveloped healthcare system and inadequate oral healthcare resources, and encountering great challenges posed by gum disease on the population. [1]. The third China national oral health survey conducted in 2005 reported that 77.3% of subjects in the 35-44-year-old group and 68.0% of subjects in the 65-74-year-old group had gum bleeding upon probing [2]. ...
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 67%w/w and 62%w/w sodium bicarbonate toothpastes on gingivitis and dental plaque control compared to a control toothpaste (0% sodium bicarbonate).
Method: This was a single-centre, randomized, examiner blind, three treatment, parallel group, stratified design. Following informed consent and screening there was a 1-2 week washout period. Following baseline examinations and dental prophylaxes, subjects were randomized to one of three treatment groups (67%, 62% or 0% sodium bicarbonate). They then brushed twice daily for one timed minute for 12 weeks with their randomized toothpaste at home. Examinations using the Gingival Index (GI) and Turesky Plaque Index (TPI) were performed after 6 and 12 weeks. Gingivitis Severity Index (GSI) was calculated based on GI score. GI, TPI and GSI were compared between treatments using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
Result: Three hundred and thirty-six subjects were included in the efficacy analysis. Relative to the 0% sodium bicarbonate control toothpaste group the 67% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste exhibited statistically significant reductions in GI of 4.76%, TPI of 7.73% and GSI of 23.64% after 12 weeks, respectively. Relative to the 0% sodium bicarbonate control toothpaste group the 62% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste exhibited a non signficant reduction in GI of 2.15% and GSI of 12.50%, respectively. However, the 62% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste compared to the 0% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste and exhibited statistically significant reductions in plaque of 6.47% after 12 weeks.
Conclusion: The results of the present clinical study demonstrate that the use of 67% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste over a 12 week period provides statistically significant superior gingivitis and plaque control to a 0% sodium bicarbonate control toothpaste.
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