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Effects of Oral D-Ribose Supplementation on Anaerobic Capacity and Selected Metabolic Markers in Healthy Males
Abstract
Oral D-ribose supplementation has been reported to increase adenine nucleotide synthesis and exercise capacity in certain clinical populations. Theoretically, increasing adenine nucleotide availability may enhance high intensity exercise capacity. This study evaluated the potential ergogenic value of D-ribose supplementation on repetitive high-intensity exercise capacity in 19 trained males. Subjects were familiarized to the testing protocol and performed two practice-testing trials before pre-supplementation testing. Each test involved warming up for 5 min on a cycle ergometer and then performing two 30-s Wingate anaerobic sprint tests on a computerized cycle ergometer separated by 3 min of rest recovery. In the pre- and post-supplementation trials, blood samples were obtained at rest, immediately following the first and second sprints, and following 5 min of recovery from exercise. Subjects were then matched according to body mass and anaerobic capacity and assigned to ingest, in a randomized and double blind manner, capsules containing either 5 g of a dextrose placebo (P) or D-ribose (R) twice daily (10 g/d) for 5 d. Subjects then performed post-supplementation tests on the 6th day. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures. Results revealed a significant interaction (p =.04) in total work output. Post hoc analysis revealed that work significantly declined (-18 +/- 51 J) during the second post-supplementation sprint in the P group while being maintained in the R group (-0.0 +/- 31 J). No significant interactions were observed in peak power, average power, torque, fatigue index, lactate, ammonia, glucose, or uric acid. Results indicate that oral ribose supplementation (10 g/d for 5 d) does not affect anaerobic exercise capacity or metabolic markers in trained subjects as evaluated in this study.
... Clinical studies have shown that ribose supplementation can increase exercise capacity in heart patients [677][678][679][680][681] leading to the development of theories that it can operate as ergogenic aid for athletes. Of the available research, most fail to show an ergogenic value for ribose supplementation on exercise capacity in healthy untrained or trained populations [682][683][684]. A 2006 study [685] investigated the effects of supplementing with either ribose or dextrose over 8 weeks on rowing performance and concluded that ribose was outperformed by the dextrose control [685]. ...
... A 2006 study [685] investigated the effects of supplementing with either ribose or dextrose over 8 weeks on rowing performance and concluded that ribose was outperformed by the dextrose control [685]. Kreider and associates [684] and Kerksick and colleagues [686] investigated ribose supplementation on measures of anaerobic capacity in trained cyclists and concluded ribose had no positive impact on performance. In 2017, Seifert and investigators [687] had 26 healthy subjects supplement with either 10 g of ribose or 10 g of dextrose for 5 days while completing a single bout of interval exercise and a two-minute power output test. ...
Background:
Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers published annually. In the year 2017 alone, 2082 articles were published under the key words 'sport nutrition'. Consequently, staying current with the relevant literature is often difficult.
Methods:
This paper is an ongoing update of the sports nutrition review article originally published as the lead paper to launch the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition in 2004 and updated in 2010. It presents a well-referenced overview of the current state of the science related to optimization of training and performance enhancement through exercise training and nutrition. Notably, due to the accelerated pace and size at which the literature base in this research area grows, the topics discussed will focus on muscle hypertrophy and performance enhancement. As such, this paper provides an overview of: 1.) How ergogenic aids and dietary supplements are defined in terms of governmental regulation and oversight; 2.) How dietary supplements are legally regulated in the United States; 3.) How to evaluate the scientific merit of nutritional supplements; 4.) General nutritional strategies to optimize performance and enhance recovery; and, 5.) An overview of our current understanding of nutritional approaches to augment skeletal muscle hypertrophy and the potential ergogenic value of various dietary and supplemental approaches.
Conclusions:
This updated review is to provide ISSN members and individuals interested in sports nutrition with information that can be implemented in educational, research or practical settings and serve as a foundational basis for determining the efficacy and safety of many common sport nutrition products and their ingredients.
... To our best knowledge, this study is the first to document a raise of blood ribose levels after PA. Previous studies [50][51][52][53] have focused on the effect of ribose supplementation on exercise performance. Indeed, ribose plays a crucial role in exercise by aiding in the recovery of ATP levels in muscle cells 51 . ...
Regular aerobic exercise has a significant impact on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles, contributing to overall health improvement. However, evidence for optimal exercise duration to achieve these effects is limited. This study aims to explore the effects of 4 and 8 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, and associated metabolic changes in young female students with insulin resistance and varying body mass, seeking to determine the optimal duration for physiological adaptations. Twenty-eight physically semi-active female students were randomly assigned to 4-week (G4, n = 13, age = 23.31 ± 5.19, BMI = 24.78 ± 5.87) and 8-week (G8, n = 15, age = 21.8 ± 2.56, BMI = 24.95 ± 4.81) training groups. The aerobic intervention maintained an intensity of 40–70% of maximum heart rate (HRmax). 6-min-walk test (6MWT), handgrip strength tests, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profiles, and metabolic profiles were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Following the intervention, G8, but not G4, exhibited a significant decrease in HOMA-IR (-14.59%, p = 0.047). The improvement in HOMA-IR was accompanied by notable improvements in 6-MWT (+ 38.18%, p < 0.001) and handgrip strength (+ 11.62, p = 0.027 and + 17.59%, p = 0.013), and increased levels of bilirubin degradation products, ribose, and glutarate. The elevated levels of bilirubin degradation products, known for their antioxidant properties, suggested a potential antioxidative response triggered by prolonged aerobic exercise. Additionally, an increase in ribose and glutarate indicated improved metabolic flexibility and enhanced utilization of alternative energy substrates. The 8-week aerobic exercise regimen demonstrated enhanced insulin sensitivity, upper body strength, and cardiovascular performance in young females compared to a 4-week regimen by triggering specific metabolic adaptations. These findings emphasize the complex relationship between exercise duration, metabolic adaptations, and overall well-being in young women, providing valuable insights for optimizing exercise prescriptions in promoting metabolic health.
... Besides some attempts tailored to verify the potential usefulness of ribose intake to ameliorate the distress in pathological conditions, ribose treatment was widely tested to prove the advantages it could have for healthy people to ameliorate their physical performance. There is evidence that the rate enhancement, if any, of ATP resynthesis occurring after repeated physical exercise does not imply any improvement in the performance score [35][36][37][38]. However, a number of reports on healthy subjects underline the advantage of taking ribose [39][40][41][42]. ...
Reports concerning the beneficial effects of D-ribose administration in cardiovascular and muscle stressful conditions has led to suggestions for the use of ribose as an energizing food supplement for healthy people. However, this practice still presents too many critical issues, suggesting that caution is needed. In fact, there are many possible negative effects of this sugar that we believe are underestimated, if not neglected, by the literature supporting the presentation of the product to the market. Here, the risks deriving from the use of free ribose as ATP source, forcing ribose-5-phosphate to enter into the pentose phosphate pathway, is emphasized. On the basis of the remarkable glycation capacity of ribose, the easily predictable cytotoxic effect of the molecule is also highlighted.
... The study found significant echocardiographic data indicating an improvement in diastolic function and significant enhancement in perceived quality of life from the questionnaires completed by participants in the D-ribose group (22). Various studies have assessed the use of supplemental D-ribose, but all have been limited by either a small sample size, a lack of diversity in subject demographics, varying fitness levels of participants in studies observing the effect on D-ribose and exercise, absent monitoring of diets that may contain D-ribose, dosing amount of D-ribose, or varying duration of supplementation (44)(45)(46). D-ribose may have an overall benefit, but some studies have shown that D-ribose may participate in protein glycation leading to cell cytotoxicity (34). Glycation can cause the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that can accumulate and form protein aggregates. ...
Objective:
In this review article, we briefly describe the status of treatment options for HFpEF and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of HFpEF as an alternative therapeutic target. We also examine the mechanisms of D-ribose in cellular energy production and discuss the potential disadvantages and benefits of supplemental use of D-ribose in patients with HFpEF.
Background:
Heart failure is a major cardiovascular disease that impacts over 6 million Americans and is one of the leading causes for morbidity and mortality. Patients with heart failure often experience shortness of breath and fatigue along with impaired physical capacity, all leading to poor quality of life. As a subtype of heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized with impaired diastolic function. Currently, there are no effective treatments specifically for HFpEF, thus clinicians and researchers are searching for therapies to improve cardiac function. Emerging evidence indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cardiac bioenergetics are among the underlying mechanisms for HFpEF. There is increased interest in investigating the use of supplements such as D-ribose to enhance mitochondrial function and improve production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Methods:
For this narrative review, more than 100 relevant scientific articles were considered from various databases (e.g., PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) using the keywords "Heart Failure", "HFpEF", "D-ribose", "ATP", "Mitochondria", Bioenergetics", and "Cellular Respiration".
Conclusions:
It is essential to find potential targeted therapeutic treatments for HFpEF. Since there is evidence that the HFpEF is related to impaired myocardial bioenergetics, enhancing mitochondrial function could augment cardiac function. Using a supplement such as D-ribose could improve mitochondrial function by increasing ATP and enhancing cardiac performance for patients with HFpEF. There is a recently completed clinical trial with HFpEF patients that indicates D-ribose increases ATP production and improves cardiac ejection fraction.
... Although D-ribose is not stored in cells, it is essential in cell resynthesizing (7,11,12), remedial synthesis and ischemia and hypoxia (13)(14)(15). D-ribose may also be supplemented intravenously, via oral therapy or via other exogenous means, and is utilized in several D-ribose: Potential clinical applications in congestive heart failure and diabetes, and its complications (Review) scenarios, including the clinic (9,16), in athletes (17,18) and in healthcare (19), and energy is rapidly recharged via the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ...
The quality of life of patients with certain diseases may be improved through the development of technologies and advancements in pharmacology, with the aim of prolonging their life. However, congestive heart failure (CHF), as well their complications, continue to be the leading cause of disease-associated death. The mechanisms underlying the development and progression of diabetes and CHF have been uncovered in a stepwise manner and the understanding of these mechanisms has improved the management of these diseases, resulting in reduced mortality and morbidity rates; however, CHF remains the leading cause of death worldwide, particularly in developed countries. In the past decades, research has indicated that several supplements and naturally occurring compounds may be used to treat muscle weakness, for cardiac failure management, rehabilitation following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and various complications of diabetes. D-ribose is an essential component of the respiratory, skeletal and nervous systems and is a popular compound, as its supplementation may have beneficial effects. In the present review, the physiological roles, toxic reactions and the potential use of D-ribose in the management of clinical diseases are summarized.
... For this reason, ribose has been suggested to be an ergogenic aid for athletes. Although more research is needed, most studies show no ergogenic value of ribose supplementation on exercise capacity in health untrained or trained populations [328][329][330] . ...
... No prior controlled studies have been conducted on the effects of D-ribose supplementation on exercise-induced DOMS. Nevertheless, the potential benefits of D-ribose supplementation for improving exercise performance and/or recovery [22][23][24], and for reducing markers of ROS production [25] has been explored, though some studies didn't support this hypothesis [24,[26][27][28]. Seifert et al. [24] suggested that a failure to support the potential benefit of D-ribose may be due to the difference of fitness level of subjects. ...
Abstract Objective Previous investigations suggest that appropriate nutritional interventions may reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). This study examined the effect of D-ribose supplementation on DOMS induced by plyometric exercise. Methods For the purpose of inducing DOMS, 21 untrained male college students performed a lower-limb plyometric exercise session that involved 7 sets of 20 consecutive frog hops with 90-s of rest between each set. Muscle soreness was measured with a visual analogue scale 1-h before, 24-h after, and 48-h after exercise. Subjects were then randomly placed into the D-ribose group (DRIB, n = 11) and the placebo group (PLAC, n = 10) to assure equivalent BMI and muscle soreness. After a 14-d washout/recovery period, subjects performed the same exercise session, with DRIB ingesting a 200 ml solution containing 15 g D-ribose 1-h before, 1-h, 12-h, 24-h, and 36-h after exercise, and PLAC ingesting a calorically equivalent placebo of the same volume and taste containing sorbitol and β-cyclodextrin. Muscle soreness and isokinetic muscle strength were measured, and venous blood was assessed for markers of muscle damage and oxidative stress 1-h before, 24-h and 48-h after exercise. Results In DRIB, muscle soreness after 24-h and 48-h in the second exercise session were significantly lower (p
... No prior controlled studies have been conducted on the effects of D-ribose supplementation on exercise-induced DOMS. Nevertheless, the potential benefits of D-ribose supplementation for improving exercise performance and/or recovery [22][23][24], and for reducing markers of ROS production [25] has been explored, though some studies didn't support this hypothesis [24,[26][27][28]. Seifert et al. [24] suggested that a failure to support the potential benefit of D-ribose may be due to the difference of fitness level of subjects. ...
ABSTRACT
Object�ve: This study aimed to investigate the possible positive effects of acute low-dose ribose supplementation prior to and during repeated sprint
interval exercise on anaerobic performance, blood lactate (BLa) levels, and perceived exertion.
Mater�als and Methods: In a double-blind, randomized and crossover design, a total of 20 healthy males (mean [standard deviation]: age= 20.8 [0.8]
yr, body weight= 79.9 [11.3] kg) ingested either a ribose supplementation or placebo prior to and during a Wingate test involving 4×30-s all-out cyc‐
ling against a load representing 7.5% of participant’s body mass, with a 4-min of recovery at low-intensity between each sprint. The supplementation
consisted of 2.5 g of ribose or placebo ingested 4 min before the Wingate tests and immediately after the 1
st
, 2
nd
, and 3
rd sprint, for a total of 10 g.
Results: Ribose supplementation significantly increased the peak power output (mean difference (Δ)=75.0 W; p=0.016; effect size (d)=0.59), and the
mean power output of the second sprint (Δ=39.5 W; p=0.03; d=0.52), with no notable change in other sprint performances. Rating of perceived exer‐
tion significantly increased after the tests (p<0.001; partial eta squared (ηp
2
)=0.83), with no difference among the conditions (p>0.05). There was a
slight but significant decrease in resting BLa before the Wingate test with ribose supplementation (Δ=0.05 mmol/L; p=0.047; d=0.48). The Wingate
tests significantly increased BLa across time for both groups (p<0.001), yet levels of BLa prior to, during, and following the Wingate tests were similar
among groups (p>0.05).
Conclus�on: These results show that acute ribose supplementation does not remarkably impact anaerobic performance during repeated sprint
exercise.
Gonzalez, AM, Pinzone, AG, Bram, J, Salisbury, JL, Lee, S, and Mangine, GT. Effect of multi-ingredient preworkout supplementation on repeated sprint performance in recreationally active men and women. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of acute supplementation of a multi-ingredient preworkout supplement (MIPS), containing a proprietary blend of ancient peat and apple extracts, creatine monohydrate, taurine, ribose, and magnesium, on sprint cycling performance. Seventeen recreationally active men and women (23.2 ± 5.9 years; 172.9 ± 14.3 cm; 82.4 ± 14.5 kg) underwent 2 testing sessions administered in a randomized, counterbalanced, double-blind fashion. Subjects were provided either MIPS or placebo (PL) one hour before performing a sprint cycling protocol, which consisted of ten 5-second "all-out" sprints interspersed by 55 seconds of unloaded pedaling. Average power (PAVG), peak power (PPK), average velocity (VAVG), and distance covered were recorded for each sprint. Separate linear mixed models revealed decrements (p < 0.05) compared to the first sprint in PAVG (75-229 W) and PPK (79-209 W) throughout all consecutive sprints after the initial sprint during PL. Likewise, diminished (p ≤ 0.029) VAVG (3.37-6.36 m·s) and distance covered (7.77-9.00 m) were noted after the third and fifth sprints, respectively, during PL. By contrast, during MIPS, only VAVG decreased (2.34-5.87 m·s, p ≤ 0.002) on consecutive sprints after the first sprint, whereas PAVG and PPK were maintained. In addition, a significant decrease (p = 0.045) in distance covered was only observed on the ninth sprint during MIPS. These data suggest that recreational athletes who consumed the MIPS formulation, one hour before a repeated sprinting session on a cycle ergometer, better maintained performance compared with PL.
The content of this manuscript is intended to assist the reader in collecting valid and reliable data for quantifying muscular strength and power. Various drawbacks and pitfalls of specific tests, as well as recommendations for the practitioner are also provided. The content is divided into sections covering isometric, isotonic, field tests, and isokinetic modes of exercise. Inherent in these modes are both concentric and eccentric muscle actions as well as both open and closed kinetic chain activities. For Isometric testing, contractions should occur over a four to five seconds duration with a one second transition period at the start of the contraction. At least one minute of rest should be provided between contractions. For each muscle tested at each position, at least three contractions should be performed although more may be performed if deemed necessary by the tester. For isotonic testing, the 1-RM test should be performed. After the general warm-up, the subject should perform a specific warm-up set of 8 repetitions at approximately 50% of the estimated 1-RM followed by another set of 3 repetitions at 70% of the estimated 1-RM. Subsequent lifts are single repetitions of progressively heavier weights until failure. Repeat until the 1-RM is determined to the desired level of precision. The rest interval between sets should be not less than one and not more than five minutes. The optimal number of single repetitions ranges from three to five. Data and guidelines of the following field tests are also provided; vertical jump, bench press, Wingate anaerobic cycle test (WAT), and the Margaria stair-run test. For isokinetic testing, details are provided for testing peak torque, work, power, endurance, and estimation of fiber type percentages.
There is no established treatment specifically aimed at protecting or restoring cardiac energy metabolism, which is greatly impaired by ischaemia. Even after reperfusion, myocardial content of ATP remains low for more than 72 h. Long-term post-ischaemic dysfunction and irreversibility of ischaemic damage have been associated with low ATP content. Evidence that the pentose sugar ribose stimulates ATP synthesis and improves cardiac function led us to test the possibility that ribose increases tolerance to myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). 20 men with documented severe CAD underwent two symptom-limited treadmill exercise tests on 2 consecutive days; we postulated that the ischaemia induced might bring about changes in ATP metabolism lasting for several days. Patients whose baseline tests showed reproducibility were randomly allocated 3 days of treatment with placebo or ribose 60 g daily in four doses by mouth. Exercise testing was repeated after treatment on day 5. At that time mean (95% confidence interval) treadmill walking time until 1 mm ST-segment depression was significantly greater in the ribose than in the placebo group (276 [220-331] vs 223 [188-259] s; p = 0.002). The groups did not differ significantly in time to moderate angina. In the ribose-treated group the changes from baseline to day 5 in both time to ST depression and time to moderate angina were significant (p less than 0.005), but these changes were not significant in the placebo group. In patients with CAD, administration of ribose by mouth for 3 days improved the heart's tolerance to ischaemia. The presumed effects on cardiac energy metabolism offer new possibilities for adjunctive medical treatment of myocardial ischaemia.
Three patients with AMP deaminase deficiency (AMPD deficiency) performed exercise on a bicycle ergometer with increasing work load without and with administration of ribose (3 g p.o. every 10 min, beginning 1 h before exercise until the end). The patients performed exercise until heart rate was 200 minus age. Maximum capacity was not increased by administration of ribose, but postexertional muscle stiffness and cramps disappeared almost completely in 2 of 3 AMPD-deficient patients. Plasma concentrations of lactate and inosine were increased in AMPD-deficient patients after oral administration of ribose. Our data suggest that ribose may both serve as an energy source and enhance the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides.
Nine healthy men and a patient with myoadenylate deaminase deficiency were exercised on a bicycle ergometer (30 minutes, 125 Watts) with and without oral ribose administration at a dose of 2 g every 5 minutes of exercise. Plasma or serum levels of glucose, free fatty acids, lactate, ammonia and hypoxanthine and the urinary hypoxanthine excretion were determined. After 30 minutes of exercise without ribose intake the healthy subjects showed significant increases in plasma lactate (p less than 0.05), ammonia (p less than 0.01) and hypoxanthine (p less than 0.05) concentrations and a decrease in serum glucose concentration (p less than 0.05). When ribose was administered, the plasma lactate concentration increased significantly higher (p less than 0.05) and the increase in plasma hypoxanthine concentration was no longer significant. The patient showed the same pattern of changes in serum or plasma concentrations with exercise with the exception of hypoxanthine in plasma which increased higher when ribose was administered.
In the present study, the influence of ribose on the biosynthesis of myocardial adenine nucleotides was examined in rats in vivo utilizing two experimental models which are characterized by a reduction in the adenine nucleotide content; recovery from oxygen deficiency and application of isoproterenol. 1. The biosynthesis (= de novo synthesis) of cardiac adenine nucleotides was enhanced by 90% during the first 60 min of recovery from five intermittent periods of asphyxia of 4.5 min duration (Table I). 2. Isoproterenol induced a stimulation of myocardial adenine nucleotide synthesis in a dose-dependent manner amounting to 640% three hours after s.c. administration of 25 mg/kg (Fig. 1). 3. Ribose which bypasses the hexose monophosphate shunt in the myocardium and which leads to an elevation of the available pool of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), stimulated the biosynthesis of adenine nucleotides in the heart, but not in liver and kidney, of rats one hour after i.v. application of a single dose of 100 mg/kg from 6 nmoles/g/h to 27 nmoles/g/h (Fig. 2). 4. When ribose was constantly infused during the first 60 min of recovery from asphyxia, the enhancement of cardiac adenine nucleotide biosynthesis was further stimulated from 12.6 nmoles/g/h to 20.5 nmoles/g/h (with 500 mg ribose/kg/h) and to 43.4 nmoles/g/h (with 1 000 mg ribose/kg/h) (Fig. 3). 5. Continuous I.V. infusion of ribose (200 mg/kg/h) for 24 hours in isoproterenol-treated rats during a 13-fold increase in myocardial adenine nucleotide biosynthesis compared with the control (Fig. 4). In this condition, the isoproterenol-induced decline in the adenine nucleotide level did not occur (Table II).