The Paleontology and Trace of Planet Earth & MARS

The fossils are preserved remains of body parts or traces of ancient organisms. Sri Lanka is a continental island that evolved via unique geological formations, including fossil remains. This island represents many fossils belonging to three different geological periods, for instance: the Jurassic period, Miocene period, and Pleistocene epoch. Most of the Pleistocene fossils were found in terrestrial deposits (alluvial) from the Sabaragamuwa basin called Ratnapura fauna. Thus, our investigations focused on documenting samples of fossils gathered, under the project called “The Paleo World of Sabaragamuwa Basin - Sri Lanka” conducted by Eco Astronomy Inc (Sri Lanka). Considering the geological time scale, we are looking for reporting samples that approximately belong to the Quaternary period. As we know, the Quaternary period of the Earth’s geographic history includes two geologic epochs viz., which are: the Pleistocene (2.58 Myr to 0.0012 Myr), and the Holocene (0.0012 Myr to Present). Both epochs have changed and divided the fauna’s equilibrium and human’s cultural phases based on climate and sea�level fluctuations that took place during these periods. Some of the sections in those epochs has occurred during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and represent the mean sea level was much lower compared with the present records. Therefore, the quaternary period shows the open accessibility to migration of mammalian mega faunal species, that lived during the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene epoch. Most probably, the terrestrial climate change has impacted them and caused the extinction of those megafaunas. The gathered data details were synchronized via the technical aspect of sampling photography, toy photography, and virtual reality for analyses and reconstruction purposes.

This presentation is engaging to interpret : Paleontology and Fossils as a part of Eco Astronomy Inc lecture series. Explanation on under mentioned subtopics. History of Paleontology | Rocks and rock forming minerals | Petrology | Main Rock types | Sedimentary Rock and types | The History of Paleontology | Fossilization | Altered and Unaltered process | Body and Trace Fossils | Extreme Condition and Statements. [පාෂාණභූත විද්‍යාව, ෆොසිල හා ෆොසිලකරණය සදහා සරළ පැහැදිලි කිරීමක් වේ]

A sufficient knowledge on prehistoric culture and habitat of earliest Homo sapiens (Balangoda man) is available in Batadomba-lena cave, a noticeable rock shelter in lowland rainforest of southwestern Sri Lanka goes upto Pleistocene and Holocene eras. Late Pleistocene inhabitants of Batadombalena cave's foraged for a broad spectrum of plant and mainly arboreal animal resources such as, monkeys, squirrels and rainforest snails etc. Archaeo-faunal evidence would help to describe the prehistoric man eating behavior as well as availability of nature prehistoric flora, fauna and environmental status. The family Acavidae is very sensitive to climatic variations, hence used as a bio-indicator to describe the variations of paleo-climatic nature. This study examined the morphological features of 20 samples of Acavidae family (living/fossil samples of Acavus superbus, and sub fossil samples of Oligospira waltoni) collected from soils by digger method in 2005 and compared with 20 samples from the same area at presently available. The shell characters of snails such as, height, width, diameter of mouth, thickness of lip, and angular of axis were measured and subjected to multivariate analysis to understand how climatic variability and nature of paleo-diet contribute survival of Acavidae species. Results showed that Acavus superbus living species had large shell characteristics than the sub fossils. Results of similar study in the same climatic status in 2000 showed that the shell measurements of Acavus superbus are relatively larger than both living and sub fossils in Batadobalena cave. Ordination diagram derived from species shell characteristics showed that Acavus superbus living species grouped as scattered /diffuse clusters, while sub fossil species grouped as a single cluster at the center of the ordination diagram. It is imply a trend of speciation /diversification of Acavus species from Pleistocene era to date. Multivariate analyses prove that, a strong positive correlation of species characteristics, such as height (r = 0.62), thickness of lip (r = 0.544) and angular of axis (r = 0.744), and a strong negative relationship (r = 0.832) for shell width for the species were observed. Our results are useful to compare with other fossil snails to see whether the climate change influence for changing body size. In conclusion, palaeo-environment, and present environment variation has been occurred in minimum way without much changes to observed Acavidae species compositions present and past.

Sabaragamuwa dancing is one of symbolized & unique traits of Sri Lankan tradition. Many interpretations on Sabaragamu dancing depends on social, anthropological factors rather than physical anthological factors. Therefore, main objective of this research is to apply Hrdlicka’s method for analysis the relative motion of Sabaragamu Dance.It is approximately focuses on dominant physical anthropological factors, such as simitation, pre-gesture, adaptation motion and external morphological characteristics. A comparative analysis among fossils evidences of Balangoda Man (5 samples found in 500m -1500m altitude) and lineage of traditional Sabaragamu dancers (20 samples), and non-traditional dancers (25 samples), who lives in different biogeography regions in Sri Lanka were made. Comparative model resolved from same parameters [ A1. length of top of head to coler bone, A2. wide of face in zygomatic arch , A3. length of coler bone to 1st metacarpus(*Humarus +) , A4. length of coler bone to pelvic , A5. length of pelvic to calcareous bone ( *Femur +) , A6. Angle of joints of bones(ǿ) ] of each samples. The major finding of the measurements graph & evaluate formula representing more than 80% phenotypic linkage kin in between anatomy of traditional Samaragamu dancers and even though Sabaragamu Dancing takes a traditional vies, from the view of virtual demonstration of science

Sabaragamuwa dancing is one of symbolized & unique traits of Sri Lankan tradition. Many interpretations on Sabaragamu dancing depends on social, anthropological factors rather than physical anthological factors. Therefore, main objective of this research is to apply Hrdlicka’s method for analysis the relative motion of Sabaragamu Dance.It is approximately focuses on dominant physical anthropological factors, such as simitation, pre-gesture, adaptation motion and external morphological characteristics. A comparative analysis among fossils evidences of Balangoda Man (5 samples found in 500m -1500m altitude) and lineage of traditional Sabaragamu dancers (20 samples), and non-traditional dancers (25 samples), who lives in different biogeography regions in Sri Lanka were made. Comparative model resolved from same parameters [ A1. length of top of head to coler bone, A2. wide of face in zygomatic arch , A3. length of coler bone to 1st metacarpus(*Humarus +) , A4. length of coler bone to pelvic , A5. length of pelvic to calcareous bone ( *Femur +) , A6. Angle of joints of bones(ǿ) ] of each samples. The major finding of the measurements graph & evaluate formula representing more than 80% phenotypic linkage kin in between anatomy of traditional Samaragamu dancers and even though Sabaragamu Dancing takes a traditional vies, from the view of virtual demonstration of science.

Archeoastronomy is essentially a study of the Anthropology of Astronomy and world-views and the role of astronomy and astronomers in their cultures. Following the references of numerous mechanisms used to study past human behavior, including history, oral tradition, and archaeology. Our case study analyzes archaeological factors like sundial & which belong to the Anuradhapura period (377 BC to 1017 AD) Sri Lanka included late period water clock. Therefore research is briefly focusing on evaluating anthropogenic activities regarding sundial & water clocks. As a first step of case study, theoretically we have developed calculation mechanism related to horizontal & vertical sundial's working process relevant to sundial mechanics. The observations of absolute location which correspond to +5.30 GMT (70 29 .417’NN , 810 36. 984’EE) and apply the ruler geometry & euclidean geometry to a 10cm height object that is permanently set in the centralized point of the sundial in Rajagala. . This technique evaluates to measure the variation related to momentum of the shadow of the object which was centralized on sundial. Coordinating structural reading as manual parameters selected L= length of shadow, H= height of object, tan α = angle between sun and horizon. The compatibility analyzing of all data evaluate from “PlanetCalc” software and final results representing the traits way to understanding fundamentals of machines & concepts of Sundial & Water Clock in Sri Lanka.

Eco Astronomy which describes as study of extreme environmental conditions effecting to Harbor Life. The life origin, evolution existence of life in the universe related to harbor life mechanism, means safe place providing refuge, comfort and sustainable environment to any object. Eco Astronomical explorations has focusing “Comparative systematic analysis of extreme environmental conditions of planet earth which corresponding to extraterrestrial life. Most of analysis dominantly based on “Paleontological & Petrological” factors. Therefore, these disciplines representing as a kin subject to interpreting comparative model for any Harbor Life.

This document has been setup to providing fundamentals of Geology in Sri Lanka. More than 90% of Sri Lanka's surface lies on Precambrian strata, some of it dating back 2 billion years. The granulite facies rocks of the Highland Series (gneisses, sillimanite-graphite gneisses, quartzite, marbles, and some charnockites) make up most of the island and the amphibolite facies gneisses, granites, and granitic gneisses of the Vinjayan Series occur in the eastern and southeastern lowlands. Jurassic sediments are present today in very small areas near the western coast and Miocene limestones underlie the northwestern part of the country and extend south in a relatively narrow belt along the west coast. The metamorphic rock surface was created by the transformation of ancient sediments under intense heat and pressure during mountain-building processes. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that these rocks and related rocks forming most of south India were part of a single southern landmass called Gondwanaland. Beginning about 200 million years ago, forces within the Earth's mantle began to separate the lands of the Southern Hemisphere, and a crustal plate supporting both India and Sri Lanka moved toward the northeast. About 45 million years ago, the Indian plate collided with the Asian landmass, raising the Himalayas in northern India, and continuing to advance slowly to the present time. Sri Lanka does not experience earthquakes or major volcanic events because it rides on the center of the plate. The island contains relatively limited strata of sedimentation surrounding its ancient uplands. Aside from recent deposits along river valleys, only two small fragments of Jurassic (140 to 190 million years ago) sediment occur in Puttalam District, while a more extensive belt of Miocene (5 to 20 million years ago) limestone is found along the northwest coast, overlain in many areas by Pleistocene (1 million years ago) deposits. The northwest coast is part of the deep Cauvery (Kaveri) River Basin of southeast India, which has been collecting sediments from the highlands of India and Sri Lanka since the breakup of Gondwanaland

This thesis intriguing encompasses exciting trends and discoveries in area of human exploration and progress in Astronomy, Paleontology, Astrobiology, Geology, Physical and Neurological Evolution which fundamentally effect for basis factors of life. Specially processing previously mentioned subjects under environment of planetary habitability and harbored life, possible to describe newly discipline called Eco Astronomy as a dominate conclusion. Due to general analysis of dominate conclusion of thesis, Eco Astronomy describe as the scientific study of extreme environmental conditions, effecting to the Harbor Life. The life origin, evolution existence of life in the universe related to harbor life concepts, means safe place providing refuge, comfort and sustainable harbor environment to any object. Comparative systematic analysis of extreme environmental conditions of planet earth, which based on paleontological & petrological factors representing reliable platform to develop fundamentals of Eco Astronomy and mechanics. Therefore, this discipline representing as kin subject to interpreting comparative model for any Harbor Life. As per the present knowledge on the life of the Universe, the earth is the only known place to harbor life. It depends on minimal conditions for the life such as temperature, water, radiation shielding, sunlight, oxygen, when a planet belongs to G2 type star forming like ours. With a rich diversity of species, earth is one of the prominent planets, where harbored life can be explored. In revealing the signs of the planetary habitability and harbor life of the planet earth, paleontological and petrological evidences give promising results. It provides a unique view into the history of life by showing the forms and features of life in the past and tells us how species have been evolved across the long period of the Earth’s history. Though the fossil records do not include every planet and animal that ever lived. This thesis is to present some findings gathered from a study on modelling the harbored life in South Asian counties, specifically centralizing on Sri Lanka. Dominate investigations was initially focused on Sabaragamuwa Basin (Sri Lanka) where famous fossilized Rathnapura fauna have been recorded by Deraniyagala (1958). The gathered fossils (125samples) found from alluvial sedimentary deposits of gem pits were identified according to the special anatomical characters comparing with the similar species recorded in the literature. In addition, sediment samples collected from gem pits where those fossils were found were used for sedimentological analysis (stratigraphic analysis & soil carbon sequestration analysis). Hence much reliable extreme conditions to study that harbored life in Sri Lanka is possibly evidenced by these extinct species recorded as roaming during the Pleistocene Epoch. Absolute ages of harboring period must yet to be estimated. The characteristics of the fossils and the sedimentological environment of the deposits represent a wet warm condition during the Pleistocene epoch, which abrupt change in local paleoclimate proxy (pCO2 , SSTMg/Ca,) that caused the extinction cannot clearly be identified so far. Modification and upgrading the current analysis details in to the fundamentals of data bank consisted as analysis of radiocarbon dating of direct sample or stratigraphic layer, analysis of milankovitch cycles or earth precession and analysis of proxy, to revealed possible causes extinction and limitations of the extreme environment. Sometimes in controversial, my thesis present stimulating new points of view regarding our universe & ourselves base on extreme conditions & concept of Eco Astronomy. Approximately five billion years ago the sun began to form out of diffuse gas and dust. There was nothing at first sight to distinguish it from myriads of other stars. Like all the others, the new sun began to burn and emit light as it contracted. During the final stages of condensation, it happened to produce a large surrounding nebula of diffuse gas and dust. The particles and molecules of the nebula collided with each other and coalesced in to successively larger bodies. Eventually these bodies formed into large planets circling around the central star. Some of the newly formed worlds were large gaseous bodies made up primarily of hydrogen. These planets differed very little in structure from sun itself. Other planets were small, rocky, airless worlds with surfaces that were scarred by the impact of giant meteorites. Still others were enveloped in dense, choking atmospheres of poisonous gases. Many were frozen wastelands completely covered with solid ice, all were indescribably hostile to living creatures. One of these new worlds was different: It had warm, pleasant climate with continents, oceans, running water, and blue skies. It was the third planet from the sun, a place that came to be known as Earth. The oceans and the surface of earth soon become teeming with life. Some of the creatures that evolved here had supple hands, endowing them manual dexterity. They develop large brain endowed with a passionate curiosity about their surrounding and a desire to understand their place in the cosmos. Their large brain and supple hand enabled them to escape from a total dependence on the capricious whims of nature; they could change their world to improve their lives and enhance their chance of survival. Human beings developed technology. They built cities, created religions, developed writing, produced science and mathematics. Human life and culture spread to every available niche on earth. Human beings came to dominate the entire surface of the world within only a few thousand years of their appearance Now that human are the undisputed masters of their planet, they are looking upward to the skies in search of new worlds to conquer. The drama of life and intelligence on earth is a saga that has lasted for the past three and half billion years and we hope, shall continue in to the indefinite future. Has this story been repeated countless numbers of times in many different variation on other worlds, or is the earth somehow unique? . Perhaps there are many worlds in the universe which involved advanced societies that rose to brilliant levels of achievement only to destroy themselves in a few short years through their misuse of technology. If such is the fate of all technological societies, humanity stands very little chance of survival. On the other hand, perhaps there are some technological civilization that have managed to survive their own crises of technological adolescence and have gone on to build advanced and stable societies lasting millions or even billions of years. There likely is much that they could teach us about the art of survival. If someone else in the stars has managed to endure, perhaps we also have chance.

A controversial theory that suggests an extraterrestrial body crashing to Earth almost 12,800 years ago caused the extinction of many large animals and a probable population decline in early humans is gaining traction from research sites around the world. The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis, controversial from the time, it was presented in 2007, proposes that an asteroid or comet hit the Earth about 12,800 years ago causing a period of extreme temperature variation that contributed to extinctions many species of megafauna. As focusing study for developing onshore Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to predict paleo sea level drop around 12800 years before present in Sri Lankan coastal based on comparative systematic analysis of proxy to indicate Younger Dryas cooling in late Pleistocene. Model of DEM implement from images of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) platform which able to examine the location images of beach rock & eroded cut in an enfield coastal sandy soil along the coastline of Sri Lanka. Resulting of systemic comparison in modern data platform which evaluated from proxy (pCO2 , SSTMg/Ca, alkalinity), images of UAV in between carbon dating relevant to quaternary research in sri lanka and milankovitch cycle, able to reveled as conclusion, sea level fluctuation (26000ybp) of 7.5 meters and has been reduced to 2.5 m in Younger Dryas cooling period of late Pleistocene Sri Lanka.

This thesis intriguing encompasses exciting trends and discoveries in area of human exploration and progress in Astronomy, Paleontology, Astrobiology, Geology, Physical and Neurological Evolution which fundamentally effect for basis factors of life. Specially processing previously mentioned subjects under environment of planetary habitability and harbored life, possible to describe newly discipline called Eco Astronomy as a dominate conclusion. Due to general analysis of dominate conclusion of thesis, Eco Astronomy describe as the scientific study of extreme environmental conditions, effecting to the Harbor Life. The life origin, evolution existence of life in the universe related to harbor life concepts, means safe place providing refuge, comfort and sustainable harbor environment to any object. Comparative systematic analysis of extreme environmental conditions of planet earth, which based on paleontological & petrological factors representing reliable platform to develop fundamentals of Eco Astronomy and mechanics. Therefore, this discipline representing as kin subject to interpreting comparative model for any Harbor Life. As per the present knowledge on the life of the Universe, the earth is the only known place to harbor life. It depends on minimal conditions for the life such as temperature, water, radiation shielding, sunlight, oxygen, when a planet belongs to G2 type star forming like ours. With a rich diversity of species, earth is one of the prominent planets, where harbored life can be explored. In revealing the signs of the planetary habitability and harbor life of the planet earth, paleontological and petrological evidences give promising results. It provides a unique view into the history of life by showing the forms and features of life in the past and tells us how species have been evolved across the long period of the Earth’s history. Though the fossil records do not include every planet and animal that ever lived. This thesis is to present some findings gathered from a study on modelling the harbored life in South Asian counties, specifically centralizing on Sri Lanka. Dominate investigations was initially focused on Sabaragamuwa Basin (Sri Lanka) where famous fossilized Rathnapura fauna have been recorded by Deraniyagala (1958). The gathered fossils (125samples) found from alluvial sedimentary deposits of gem pits were identified according to the special anatomical characters comparing with the similar species recorded in the literature. In addition, sediment samples collected from gem pits where those fossils were found were used for sedimentological analysis (stratigraphic analysis & soil carbon sequestration analysis). Hence much reliable extreme conditions to study that harbored life in Sri Lanka is possibly evidenced by these extinct species recorded as roaming during the Pleistocene Epoch. Absolute ages of harboring period must yet to be estimated. The characteristics of the fossils and the sedimentological environment of the deposits represent a wet warm condition during the Pleistocene epoch, which abrupt change in local paleoclimate proxy (pCO2 , SSTMg/Ca,) that caused the extinction cannot clearly be identified so far. Modification and upgrading the current analysis details in to the fundamentals of data bank consisted as analysis of radiocarbon dating of direct sample or stratigraphic layer, analysis of milankovitch cycles or earth precession and analysis of proxy, to revealed possible causes extinction and limitations of the extreme environment. Sometimes in controversial, my thesis present stimulating new points of view regarding our universe & ourselves based on extreme conditions & concept of Eco Astronomy.

A controversial theory that suggests an extraterrestrial body crashing to Earth almost 12,800 years ago caused the extinction of many large animals and a probable population decline in early humans is gaining traction from research sites around the world. The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis, controversial from the time, it was presented in 2007, proposes that an asteroid or comet hit the Earth about 12,800 years ago causing a period of extreme temperature variation that contributed to extinctions many species of megafauna. As focusing study for developing onshore Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to predict paleo sea level drop around 12800 years before present in Sri Lankan coastal based on comparative systematic analysis of proxy to indicate Younger Dryas cooling in late Pleistocene. Model of DEM implement from images of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) platform which able to examine the location images of beach rock & eroded cut in an enfield coastal sandy soil along the coastline of Sri Lanka. Resulting of systemic comparison in modern data platform which evaluated from proxy ( pCO2 , SSTMg/Ca, alkalinity), images of UAV in between carbon dating relevant to quaternary research in sri lanka and milankovitch cycle, able to reveled as conclusion, sea level fluctuation (26000ybp ) of 7.5 meters and has been reduced to 2.5 m in Younger Dryas cooling period of late Pleistocene Sri Lanka.

සුවිශේෂී භූ විද්‍යාත්මක පසුබිමක් සහිත ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාවේ භූ විද්‍යාත්මක පුරාණ නිර්මාණ පරිසරය ආකීය යුගය (Archean Eon-4000 Mya–2500 Mya) දක්වා විහිදී යයි. නියෝප්‍රොටෙරොසොයික (Neoproterozoic–1000 Mya–541 Mya) වකවානුව තුළ ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාවේ භූ පිහිටීම ආශ‍්‍රිතව ක‍්‍රියාත්මක වූ ද්‍රවමය අවස්ථාවේ වූ ආග්නේය පාෂාණ වල ක‍්‍රියා හා ප‍්‍රතික‍්‍රියා (Igneous processes) හේතුවෙන් භූ කොටස් ඉලාස්ටික් භු තැටි (Sparse tectonic) තත්ත්වයට පත්වීම සිදුවිය. එම නිසා ශ‍්‍රි ලංකාව ආශ‍්‍රිත භූ පරිණාම ක‍්‍රියාවලිය දුර්වල වුවද නියෝප්‍රොටෙරොසොයික පර්වතකාරක තීරුවල (Orogenic belts) ක‍්‍රියාකාරිත්වය හේතුවෙන් ක‍්‍රමානුකූලව ස්ථාවර තත්ත්වයකට පත්විය. නැගෙනහිර ගොන්ඞ්වානා හි (East Gondwana - 550 Mya සිට 180 Mya) ආංශික කොටසක්ව පැවති ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාව ආශ‍්‍රිත භූ කොටස් (ස්කන්ධ) තව දුරටත් ප‍්‍රචාරණය (Tectonic dispersal) වීම අන්තර් මහද්වීපික ද්‍රෝණි විවෘත වීමත් සමග ආරම්භ විය. ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාවේ දකුණුදිග මුහුදු තීරයේ බොහෝ භූ විෂමතා ඉහත ක‍්‍රියාවලියේ ප‍්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස ඇතිවිය. ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මූලික ආරම්භයත් සමග තවදුරටත් උතුරු දෙසට චලනය වූ ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාව හා ඉන්දියාව තනි කොටසක් (ඒකකයක්) ලෙස කැඞී ගිය අතර, වසර මිලියන 50 කට පෙර ඉන්දියාව හා යුරේෂියාව ගැටී ඇතිවූ විස්ථාරණය වීම් මන්දගාමී තත්ත්වයට පත්විය. එම නිසා ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාව වර්තමානයේ දක්නට ලැබෙන මහද්වීපික දුපත් පිහිටීමකට පත්වීමත් ආශ‍්‍රිත මුහුදු පත්ල පිරිහීයාමත්, මුහුදු භූ දර්ප උච්චාවචනයත් (Uplift)විය. ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාවේ භූ ගර්භ ආශ‍්‍රිත වූ මූල පතුල් පාෂාණමය දත්ත (Basement rock data) හා පාෂාණ ස්ඵඨීකරණ දත්ත (Crystallization data), සමස්ථානික විශ්ලේෂණය (Isotopic analysis [A]), භූ කාල විශ්ලේෂණය (Geochronological analysis [B]), භූ රසායන විශ්ලේෂණය (Geochemical analysis [C])" ඛණිජ විද්‍යාත්මක විශ්ලේෂණය (Petrological analysis [D]) හා තාපගතික විශ්ලේෂණය (Thermochronology analysis [E]) වැනි ක‍්‍රමවේද හරහා අධ්‍යයනයන්ට ලක්කිරීම තුළින් ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාව භූ විද්‍යාත්ම සංකීරණ කිහිපයකට බෙදා වෙන්කර ඇත. එම කොටස් නම්: උස්බිම් සංකීරණය (HC-3000 Mya – 2200 Mya)" වන්නි සංකීර්ණය (WC-2000Mya - 1000Mya)" විජයන් සංකීර්ණය (VC-2000 Mya – 1000 Mya)" කඩුගන්නාව සංකීර්ණය (VC-2000 Mya – 1000 Mya)" හා මයෝසීන හා චාතූර්ථික තැම්පතු වේ. ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාවේ පතුල් පාෂාණ වලට ඉහළින් වූ අවසාදිත පාෂාණ දත්ත සහ සාගර කබොල උච්චාවචන දත්ත භූ විද්‍යාත්මකව ගවේෂණය කිරීමේ දී ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාව ආශ‍්‍රිතව ජුරාසික (Jurassic-201Mya-145 Mya), මයෝසීන (Miocene-23.05 Mya-5.3 Mya) ප්ලයිටොසීන (Pleistocene-2.58 Mya - 0.012 Mya) භූ වකවානු වලට අයත් ජෛවීය සාධක රැසක් පොසිල වශයෙන් හමුවෙයි. ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප‍්‍රාග් ඓතිහාසික මානව ක‍්‍රියාකාරකම් සහිත ප්ලයිටොසීන යුගයේ චාතුර්ථික කාල වකවානුව, රත්නපුර තැම්පතු (Ratnapura Formation)=, ඉරණමඩු තැම්පතු (Iranamadu Deposits)= හා තෙත් කලාපීය ගුහා/ විවෘත මානව වාසස්ථාන (Wetland caves/Open habitats) හරහා නිරූපණය වන අතර, A,B,C,D,E හදුන්වා දුන් ක‍්‍රමවේද ඔස්සේ අධ්‍යයනය තුළින් භූ විද්‍යාත්මකව ලඝු කොටගත් පුරාතණ පාරිසරික දත්ත (Multi-proxy climate data in palaeo) රැසක් අනාවරණය කරගත හැකිය (පුරාතන දේශගුණික තත්ත්වල නෂ්ඨ වීම්, සුනාමි තත්ත්ව). එසේම ප‍්‍රසස්ථ ජීවයක් (Harbor Life ) සදහා වූ ඛගෝලීය (Celestial Sphere) බලපෑම් පෘථිවි පූර්වායනය (Earth Precision) හරහා තවදුරටත් අධ්‍යයනය කළ හැකිය. මෙම ක‍්‍රියාවලීන්ගේ ප‍්‍රතිඵලයක් වශයෙන් පුරාතන පරිසරය නැවත ප‍්‍රතිනිර්මාණය කළ හැකි අතර, එය තිරසාර සංවර්ධනයට උචිත පරිදි භාවිතා වන ආකාරය Ein Pro Scanning & Reconstruction - 3D Printing& තාක්ෂණය ඔස්සේ හොදින් පෙන්වා දෙයි.

#Eco Astronomy is the scientific study of extreme environmental conditions, effecting to the Harbor Life . The life origin, evolution existence of life in the universe related to harbor life concepts, means safe place providing refuge ,comfort and sustainable harbor environment to any object. Eco Astronomical research has implemented focusing -“Comparative systematic analysis of extreme environmental conditions of planet earth, which based on Paleontological & Petrological factors. Therefore this disciplines representing as a kin subject to interpreting comparative model for any Harbor Life.

Introduction to Petrology and Mineralogy to Implement Fossilization is for describe process of the fossilization & their factors,including geology . Fossilization is the process by which a plant or animal becomes a fossil. This process is extremely rare and only a small fraction of the plants and animals that have lived in the past 600 million years are preserved as fossils. This may be surprising, considering the millions of fossils that have been collected over the years, and the many billions still in the rocks. Those plants and animals that do become fossils generally undergo, with some exceptions, several key steps

According to solar nebula structured ,our planetary system bear from accretion of the dust particles and planetesimal period ,after that condensation in solar nebula.Thus most of celestial bodies of our planetary system,like planet,natural satellite,comet, meteorite & asteroids exhibit the different kind of planetary habitable. Base on energy source as a sun like star, carbon as a most prominent element of life forms on earth & percentage of liquid water which consist of celestial bodies. Due to study of the origin,evolution, distribution & future of life in universe ,earth is the only place know to harbor life. It is depend on minimal condition for life such as temperature,water,radiation shielding,the stuff of life ,sunlight,oxygen, when planet belongs to G2 type star forming like ours.To revealed evidences for the planetary habitability & harbor life of planet earth, paleontological factors are the one of most prominent way .It's provide a unique view into the history of life by showing the forms and features of life in the past & tell us how species have changed across long periods of the Earth's history. Though the fossil record does not include every planet and animal that ever lived, also compatibility substantial evidence for the common descent of life via evolution & tend to explain about other habitable planets(one upon which living beings not unlike terrestrial organisms) like Gliese 581c & Kepler-452b which consisted in out of our solar system.There are massive possibility of habitable zone around other stars & search for extraterrestrial microbial life,such as found from the examination of the Allan hills 84001 meteorite like microfossil .Also undeniable fossils (meteorite type) which carried out from aranaganwila _sri lanka ,exhibited the ample evidences for extraterrestrial microbial life. Thus our aims to be explore dominate paleontological factors (Macro fossils/ Pleistocene) in sabaragamu basin sri lanka,which tend to explain comparative model of Harbor life of planet earth.

The study chronicles a series of landmark events of Polonnaruwa Arnaganwila, dry zone of Sri Lanka carbonaceous meteorites that impacted on 29th December 2012. The main objective of this study was to compile the citied articles for creating a plausible corresponding model to possess the sedimentation of Micro Fossils (Fossil diatoms) found in carbonaceous meteorites. As such, the sampling data of Polonnaruwa stones were investigated using diverse tools and methods. i.e., ICP-OES, GC-MS, SEM, EDAX, CHN, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy, XRD. The Optical Spectroscopy was adapted as a second major objective to interpret the physical, chemical, mineral properties of stone including oxygen isotope, crystalline and biological composition. Geologic age of the stones was determined by N/C atomic ratio depletion (N/C ARD) technique. Results showed that the Polonnaruwa stone comprised of high porous minerals including Si-K-rich, Al-depleted, amorphous melt enclosing trace (commonly <1μm) anorthoclase, albite, anorthite and quartz. Additionally, it was recognized that bound H2O < 0.03wt% originated from hypervelocity impact. SEM analysis revealed that several fossil microorganisms similar to acritarchs, hystricho spheres and diatoms were represented. Geologic age of the stones was recognized as at least ~300 Ma by N/CARD. Triple oxygen isotope analysis provided the values of Δ17O = - 0.335 with δ17O = 8.978 ± 0.050 and δ18O = 17.816 ± 0.100 which indicated constituents of non-terrestrial sources. To conclude, our model was significantly supportive for providing a gradual series of meta-metamorphic to sedimentation that has processed the numerous of condition for stability of microfossil in carbonaceous meteorites.

Asian Elephants being highly social mammals have been identified as a ‘Natural Treasure' since ancient times. The elephant's presence in Sri Lankans religious and socio-cultural events has not diminished. According to Mahavamsa, there had been a state elephant krall of King Devanampiyatissa (2323-2273 yr BP). As well, elephants were also engaged to accompany theras, troops, chariots and in the construction of the monastery for bhikkhunis (Hatthalhaka-Vihara). The elephant Kandula became the companion of Dutugamunu (2177-2153 yr BP), serving as his warrior elephant during the wars and for the decisive duel with King Elara that led to the unification of Sri Lanka. Later, elephants were also used by the King Dutugemunu for the festival of enshrining relics in Ruvanveliseya at Anuradhapura. Our Kings have donated elephants to temples for religious festival traditions; such as for the annual Perahera of the Tooth Relic, the Tooth and the Bowl Relics and for troops and chariots from 4th to 16th century. After the Kandyan Kingdom fell to the British in 1815, the custody of the Tooth Relic was handed over to the Maha Sanga. With the inauguration of the Kandy Esala Perahera during this period, elephants were used for religious purposes and were also donated to temples on occasions. Sri Lankan elephants are widely distributed from sea level to the highest mountain ranges. tourists can enjoy watching and photographing within national parks and in few other locations, the opportunity to go on elephant back safaris. The intensity of Human Elephant Conflict in Sri Lanka, particularly in rural areas adjacent to elephant habitats, has been escalating and reports show that nearly 2,000 elephants have died during the past 15 years due to gunshot injuries, electrocution, illegal actions taken by farmers to protect their crops, land mines during the armed conflict, falling into unprotected agricultural wells and abandoned gem pits and collision with trains. Keywords: Natural treasure, Elephant with Society, Cultural and Social Nexus, Sri Lankan Society, Ancient times.

The study chronicles a series of landmark events of Polonnaruwa Arnaganwila, dry zone of Sri Lanka carbonaceous meteorites that impacted on 29 th December 2012. The main objective of this study was to compile the citied articles for creating a plausible corresponding model to possess the sedimentation of Micro Fossils (Fosil diatoms) found in carbonaceous meteorites. As such, the sampling data of Polonnaruwa stones were investigated using diverse tools and methods. i.e., ICP-OES, GC-MS, SEM, EDAX, CHN, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy, XRD. The Optical Spectroscopy was adapted as a second major objective to interpret the physical, chemical, mineral properties of stone including oxygen isotope, crystalline and biological composition. Geologic age of the stones was determined by N/C atomic ratio depletion (N/C ARD) technique. Results showed that the Polonnaruwa stone comprised of high porous minerals including Si-K-rich, Al-depleted, amorphous melt enclosing trace (commonly <1μm) anorthoclase, albite, anorthite and quartz. Additionally, it was recognized that bound H 2 O < 0.03wt% originated from hypervelocity impact. SEM analysis revealed that several fossil microorganisms similar to acritarchs, hystricho spheres and diatoms were represented. Geologic age of the stones was recognized as at least ~300 Ma by N/CARD. Triple oxygen isotope analysis provided the value s of Δ17O =-0.335 with δ17O = 8.978 ± 0.050 and δ18O = 17.816 ± 0.100 which indicated constituents of non-terrestrial sources. To conclude, our model was significantly supportive for providing a gradual series of meta-metamorphic to sedimentation that has processed the numerous of condition for stability of microfossil in carbonaceous meteorites.

Archeoastronomy is essentially a study of the Anthropology of Astronomy and world-views and the role of astronomy and astronomers in their cultures. Following the references of numerous mechanisms used to study past human behavior, including history, oral tradition, and archaeology, our case study is critically analyses archaeological like factors Sundial & Water Clock which belongs to Aruradhapura periods (4th century BCE to the 11th century CE.) Sri Lanka. Therefor research is briefly focusing to evaluate anthropogenic activities regarding sundial &water clock. As a first steps of case study, theoretical we have been developed calculation mechanism related to horizonal & vertical sundial working process relevant to sundials mechanics & concepts. The observations of absolute location which corresponding to +5.30 GMT (7 29 .417’NN , 81 36. 984’EE) & apply the ruler geometry & Euclidean geometry to 10cm height object that permanently set in centralized point of sundial in Rajagala sundial. This technique evaluate to measure the variation related to momentum of shadow of object which was centralized on sundial . Coordinating structural reading as manual parameters selected L= length of shadow, H= hight of object, tan α = angle between sun and horizon. The compatibility analyzing of all data evaluate from “PlanetCalc” softwear & final results show the traits way to understanding fundamentals of machines & concepts of Sundial & Water Clock in Sri Lanka.

Non-chemical water treatment system which helps to control or eliminate bacteriological fouling, microbiological growths, contamination and hard water scale build-up & corrosion in dominantly cooling tower & boiler system. This is achieved by an electrostatic, magnetic, electromagnetic,catalytic or photocatalytic theories which design with an automatic self-adjusting current feature. Non-chemical devices (NCD) have been marketed with the warranty of saving money, reducing costs and protecting the environment, to be part of “Green Technology”. Economical & environmental sustainability awarded products like Scale off, COLLOID-A-TRON, Baccomber, ScaMag, WCTI, Wallenius AOT, WATEF, Scale blaster has providing the proper impact of effective NCD

Sabaragamuwa basin is the dominant type of natural museum in Sri Lanka. Cultural remains of Homo sapiens discovered alongside the skeletal fragments, which include with the geometric microliths. Other discoveries include various fauna and flora that are thought to have formed part of their diet, also the animal bones which was fossilized surrounding the basin called “Rathnapura fauna”. From these animal fossils, elephant fossils also were found. The identified elephant fossils were represented by three species of elephant: Elephas hysudricus, Elephas namadicus, Elephas maximus sinhaleyus, who were extinct at present. Fossilized remains (teeth and bones) of elephants are found at present from gem pits and gem gravels (llama) belong to the Pleistocene Epoch. The gathered Ehephas spp. fossils (five samples, one sample from Highland Complex) found from alluvial sedimentary deposits of gem pits. These were identified according to the special anatomical characters comparing with the similar species recorded in the literature. In addition to sediment samples collected from gem pits, where those fossils can be used for sedimentological analysis. The objective of this study was to paleo biogeographycal patters of Elephas spp. & develop the evaluate an accurate, fully automated 3D histology reconstruction method to visualize the arterioles and venules within the Prehistoric Elephant’s teeth has founed. This approach will provide a valuable tool for high-accuracy 3D histology reconstructions for analysis of sedimental factors of Sabaragamuwa beds & develop the demo for biogeographycal patters base on Interactive 3D map.

The Quaternary period of the geographic history of the earth includes two geologic epochs viz., the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Both epochs divided the faunal stages and human cultural phases based on climate and sea level changes that took place during these periods. The Quaternary ice age began roughly about 2.58 MYO with cool and dry climate conditions. The extinct Australopithecines and many other extinct genera of mammalian mega fauna appeared during this time. Thus, the Quaternary period shows the extinctions of numerous predominantly larger, especially mammalian mega faunal species, many of them lived during the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene epoch. The debate on the demise of the mammalian megafauna is often characterized by two highly polarized points of view: (1) climate-induced extinction; and (2) human-induced extinction. In Pleistocene period most parts of the Northern Hemisphere of earth were covered with glaciers creating a cold climate. Due to this glacial formation the main sea level was much lower than it is today. The low sea level facilitated the connection of Sri Lanka with the Indian mainland with a land bridge. Therefore, a number of mega fauna and micro fauna were able to cross to Sri Lanka from India along this land bridge. The last land bridge was emerged around 7500 years BP. During the Pleistocene Period Sri Lanka experienced heavy rainfall causing the emergence of rain forest in the country. The heavy rainfall in the Sabaragamu Basin also provided habitats for a number of marsh loving animals including mammals. However, at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, drastic climatic changes were occurred resulting in the extinction of a number of animal taxa. Pleistocene fauna in Sri Lanka is known as Rathnapura Fauna. Their fossils are found in alluvial deposits in the Sabaragamu basins

Sabaragamuwa dancing is one of the symbolized & unique traits of Sri Lankan tradition. Many interpretations on Sabaragamu dancing depend on social, anthropological factors rather than physical anthological factors. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to apply Hrdlicka’s method for analysis of the relative motion of Sabaragamu Dance, which approximately focuses on dominant physical anthropological factors, such as imitation, pre-gesture, adaptation motion and external morphological characteristics. A comparative analysis among fossils evidences of Balangoda Man (5 samples found between 500m -1500m altitude) and lineage of traditional Sabaragamu dancers (20 samples), and non-traditional dancers (25 samples), who lives in different biogeography regions in Sri Lanka were made. Comparative model resolved from same parameters [ A1. length of top of head to coloer bone, A2. wide of face in zygomatic arch , A3. length of colerbone to 1st metacarpus(*Humarus +) , A4. length of coler bone to pelvic, A5. length of pelvic to calcareous bone ( *Femur +) , A6.Angle of joints of bones [(ǿ) ] of each samples. The major findings of the measurements graph & evaluate formula have exhibited more than 80% phenotypic linkage in between anatomy of traditional Samaragamu dancers and Badangoda Hominid. Even though Sabaragamu dancing takes a traditional view, from the viewpoint of science, it has to be changed according to the time. If Homo sapiens has evolved more, then the motions of traditional dancing have to be changed gradually.

මානෑව කන්ද නමින් අදාල ප්‍රදේශය හැඳින් වුවද එය හුදකලා කන්දක් නොවේ. කුඩා සාමාන්තර කඳුවැටි කිහිපයකින් දකුණට - ගිණිකොණට බරව විහිදෙන මේ කඳුවැටි වලින් මානෑව වැවට බටහිර දිසානුගතව පිහිටි භූමි භාගය ප්‍රාග් ජෛවවිවිධත්වය, භූපුරාවිද්‍යාව හා පුරාවිද්‍යාත්මක අතින්ද පැරණි යක්ෂ ගෝත්‍රික ජනතාව සම්බන්ධයෙන්ද වැදගත් කමක් උසුලන ප්‍රදේශයකි.

Abstract: Amateur observational astronomy is the unlimited hobby of learning about the universe and observing as the base of astronomy.It can be divided five major types of amateur observing as observing with your unaided eyes [naked eye] without optical aids, Observing with binoculars, observing with telescopes , observing with cameras that use film and electronic technologies & Astronomy spectroscopy, Each kind of observing is based on learning how to use different types of observing equipment. Sky is a natural laboratory for every amateur astronomers in the world,But The sky that our students can observe is not impressive. In the 21st century images are of outstanding importance, the appearance of the sky is awful. From many cities it is not possible to look at the sky, but when we find a space between the buildings to see the sky, the light pollution reduces the full numbers of visible stars to a few.How ever if could going through the barriers of observation astronomy, its become as part of our life. Then we can look at the sky to rediscover the stories of our ancestors & Promote positive feelings towards astronomy and towards science in general.Thus amateur astronomers can help people to discover and taste the adventure of a new knowledge by means of simple observations using the naked eye, binoculars, amateur telescopes or public observatories & Impress upon humanity the beauty of natural phenomena also you can be step forward for keep something so wonderful.

Avifauna species diversity and abundance in and around of an urbanized lake called Peralanda Lake were recorded using point transect technique from January 2015 to December 2016. The lake is situated at North Colombo area adjacent to Ragama city in Gampaha District. Three Different habitat types were identified as Water body habitat, Terrestrial habitat adjacent to the water body and Disturbed habitat. Bird census was performed on 20 sampling points with a radius of 25m which were fixed by using a Global Positioning System device (GPS) (Garmin e Trex). Each point was visited 3 times per month at different times of the day between 0600h to 1000h and 1500h to 1900h. Sixty-two species belonging fourteen orders and thirty-seven families were recorded during the study. These include three globally near threatened species Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster) and Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocepha-lus); three locally near threatened species, Cotton Pygmy-goose (Nettapus coromandelianus), Oriental Honey-Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus) and Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis); one critically endangered species, Blue-tailed Bee-eater (Merops philippinus); two endemic species, Sri Lanka Small Barbet (Megalaima rubricapilla) and Sri Lanka Swallow (Hirundo hyper-ythra) and four migrant species, Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), Asian Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradisi paradisi), Blue-tailed Bee-eater (Merops philippinus) and Forest Wagtail (Dendronanthus indicus). Highest species diversity was recorded in terrestrial habitat adjacent to the water body followed by Disturbed habitat while least species diversity was recorded in Water body habitat.

Sabaragamuwa Dancing is one of symbolized & unique traits of Sri Lankan tradition. Many interpretation on Sabaragamu Dancing depends on social, anthropological factors rather than physical anthological factors. Therefore,main objective of this research is to apply Hrdlicka’s method for analysis the relative motion of Sabaragamu Dance, which approximately focuses on dominant physical anthropological factors, such a simitation, pre-gesture, adaptation motion and external morphological characteristics. A comparative analysis among fossils evidences of Balangoda Man(5 samples found between 500m -1500m altitude) and lineage of traditional Sabaragamu Dancers(20 samples), and non-traditional dancers(25 samples),who lives in different biogeography regions in Sri Lanka were made. Comparative model resolved from same parameters [ A1. length of top of head to coler bone, A2. wide of face in zygomatic arch , A3. length of coler bone to 1st metacarpus(*Humarus +) , A4. length of coler bone to pelvic , A5. length of pelvic to calcareous bone ( *Femur +) , A6. Angle of joints of bones(ǿ) ] of each samples. The major finding of the measurements graph & evaluate formula have exhibited more than 80% phenotypic linkage kin in between anatomy of traditional Samaragamu Dancers and Badangoda Hominid. Even though Sabaragamu Dancing takes a traditional vies, from the viewpoint of science, it has to be changed according to the time. If Homo sapiens has evolved more, then the motions of the traditional dancing have to be changed gradually.

The Quaternary period of the geographic history of the earth includes two geologic epochs viz., the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Both epochs divided the faunal stages and human cultural phases based on climate and sea level changes that took place during these periods. The Quaternary ice age began roughly about 2.58 MYO with cool and dry climate conditions. The extinct Australopithecines and many other extinct genera of mammalian mega fauna appeared during this time. Thus, the Quaternary period shows the extinctions of numerous predominantly larger, especially mammalian mega faunal species, many of them lived during the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene epoch. The debate on the demise of the mammalian megafauna is often characterized by two highly polarized points of view: (1) climate-induced extinction; and (2) human-induced extinction. In Pleistocene period most parts of the Northern Hemisphere of earth were covered with glaciers creating a cold climate. Due to this glacial formation the main sea level was much lower than it is today. The low sea level facilitated the connection of Sri Lanka with the Indian mainland with a land bridge. Therefore, a number of mega fauna and micro fauna were able to cross to Sri Lanka from India along this land bridge. The last land bridge was emerged around 7500 years BP. During the Pleistocene Period Sri Lanka experienced heavy rainfall causing the emergence of rain forest in the country. The heavy rainfall in the Sabaragamu Basin also provided habitats for a number of marsh loving animals including mammals. However, at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, drastic climatic changes were occurred resulting in the extinction of a number of animal taxa. Pleistocene fauna in Sri Lanka is known as Rathnapura Fauna. Their fossils are found in alluvial deposits in the Sabaragamu basins.

The Quaternary period of the geographic history of the earth includes two geologic epochs viz., the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Both epochs divided the faunal stages and human cultural phases based on climate and sea level changes that took place during these periods. The Quaternary ice age began roughly about 2.58 MYO with cool and dry climate conditions. The extinct Australopithecines and many other extinct genera of mammalian mega fauna appeared during this time. Thus, the Quaternary period shows the extinctions of numerous predominantly larger, especially mammalian mega faunal species, many of them lived during the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene epoch. The debate on the demise of the mammalian megafauna is often characterized by two highly polarized points of view: (1) climate-induced extinction; and (2) human-induced extinction. In Pleistocene period most parts of the Northern Hemisphere of earth were covered with glaciers creating a cold climate. Due to this glacial formation the main sea level was much lower than it is today. The low sea level facilitated the connection of Sri Lanka with the Indian mainland with a land bridge. Therefore, a number of mega fauna and micro fauna were able to cross to Sri Lanka from India along this land bridge. The last land bridge was emerged around 7500 years BP. During the Pleistocene Period Sri Lanka experienced heavy rainfall causing the emergence of rain forest in the country. The heavy rainfall in the Sabaragamu Basin also provided habitats for a number of marsh loving animals including mammals. However, at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, drastic climatic changes were occurred resulting in the extinction of a number of animal taxa. Pleistocene fauna in Sri Lanka is known as Rathnapura Fauna. Their fossils are found in alluvial deposits in the Sabaragamu basins.

The Quaternary period of the geographic history of the earth includes two geologic epochs viz., the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Both epochs divided the faunal stages and human cultural phases based on climate and sea level changes that took place during these periods. The Quaternary ice age began roughly about 2.58 MYO with cool and dry climate conditions. The extinct Australopithecines and many other extinct genera of mammalian mega fauna appeared during this time. Thus, the Quaternary period shows the extinctions of numerous predominantly larger, especially mammalian mega faunal species, many of them lived during the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene epoch. The debate on the demise of the mammalian megafauna is often characterized by two highly polarized points of view: (1) climate-induced extinction; and (2) human-induced extinction. In Pleistocene period most parts of the Northern Hemisphere of earth were covered with glaciers creating a cold climate. Due to this glacial formation the main sea level was much lower than it is today. The low sea level facilitated the connection of Sri Lanka with the Indian mainland with a land bridge. Therefore, a number of mega fauna and micro fauna were able to cross to Sri Lanka from India along this land bridge. The last land bridge was emerged around 7500 years BP. During the Pleistocene Period Sri Lanka experienced heavy rainfall causing the emergence of rain forest in the country. The heavy rainfall in the Sabaragamu Basin also provided habitats for a number of marsh loving animals including mammals. However, at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, drastic climatic changes were occurred resulting in the extinction of a number of animal taxa. Pleistocene fauna in Sri Lanka is known as Rathnapura Fauna. Their fossils are found in alluvial deposits in the Sabaragamu basins

The Rakwana mountain range, which is located in the margin of the northern side of Sinharaja, a UNESCO world heritage site, is an area having rich bio–diversity. The recent excavations of the alluvial deposits in Sabaragamuwa basin associated with northern side of Sinharaja area revealed that the existance of caves in the vicinity of Pannila mountain. The cave formation is seen within the rocks of crystalline limestons (marble),which is popularly known as 'Pannila Hunugala' is of 550 m in length and 350 cm height at its entrance of which 60 cm filled with water, where special cave characteristics are visible. Stalagmite and stalactites of 2.5 m height at the core of the cave was believed to be formed after re-crystallization of pre-existing crystalline limestones-the basement rock-in the Highland Complex of Sri Lanka belongs to the Precambrian age. Speleothem dimensions were used to measure the volume of stalagmite and stalagtites. The action of chemical weathering of crystalline limestone followed by limy solutions makes it secondary features like stalagmite and stalactite.It is postulated from the Geological map of Sri Lanka that the same crystalline limestones bed is extended to the Rakwana Pannila Hunugala' ,Samanalawewa, Handagiriya caves.

The Pleistocene is a geological time period which commenced 2 -1.67 million before present about 12,000-10,000 years before present. During this period most parts of the Northern Hemisphere were covered with glaciers creating a cooler climate. Due to this glacial formation the main sea level was much lower than today. The low sea levels facilitated the connection of Sri Lanka with the Indian mainland with land bridge. Therefore, a number of mega and micro fauna was able to cross to Sri Lanka from India. It is believed that the last inter connection was made 7500yrs BP. During the Pleistocene, Sri Lanka experienced heavy rain fall and the entire island was covered with rain forests. These heavy showers created large lakes and marshes in the Sabaragamuwa basin providing habitats for a number of marsh loving mammals and other animals. However at the end of Pleistocene the climate changed resulting in the extinction of a number of animals. Pleistocene fauna in Sri Lanka known as Ratanapura fauna. The Ratnapura fauna comprise fossils of middle Pleistocene, upper Pleistocene, and sub recent animals up by re-deposition. Fossilsed teeth and bones belonging to Pleistocene fauna are found at present in gem pits and gem gravels (illama). Fossils can also be found in cave deposits where Balangoda man once lived. These fossils are of animals brought for consumption or other needs. A majority of the fossils have been recorded within the Sabaragamuwa basin and few have been found outside the area where gem gravel occurs. These fossils have been in this alluvial plain which is a landform created by the deposition of sediment over a long period by one or more rivers coming from highland regions. There could be animals that bodies had washed into the ocean over a long period of time or decayed owing to the influence of natural elements. There are no early records of fossils from Sri Lanka although the occurrence of bones in the gem gravel was known to Sri Lankan gem miners. However in 1935 first collection was accordingly taken by P.E.P Deraniyagala . The fossils that P.E.P Deraniyagala were collectectered name as follows Leo sinhaleyus, Rinoceros sinhaleyus, , Hexaprotodon sinhaleyus ,Hypselephas hysudricus sinhaleyus, Elephas maximus sinhaleyus and the concept of Pre historic occur as a subject. Therefore in 2013 , team EASL excavate fossils in Ratnapura area and examine them in a wide angle. Fossil identification was carried out according to the special characters that found in those fossils and anatomical comparisons also were done (EASL Research Center, Kuruwita 2015). Relative dating was used to place those fossils in correct positions of the geological time scale (i.e., the age of an object in comparison to another). Biostratigraphy was used to place them in a correct order, but we do not yield any numerical estimates, which related to C dating or thermo luminescence (TL). As primary sources early research and publications were studied. For fossil characterization and studying of special features digital vernier caliper (150mm: 6"), and Scale bars were used. For locating those fossil bearing places, Garmin 30 GPS with Base Camp GIS were also used.

According to solar nebula structured ,our planetary system bear from accretion of the dust particles and planetesimal period, after that condensation in solar nebula. Thus most of celestial bodies of our planetary system,like planet,natural satellite,comet, meteorite & asteroids exhibit the different kind of planetary habitable. Base on energy source as a sun like star, carbon as a most prominent element of life forms on earth & percentage of liquid water which consist of celestial bodies. Due to study of the origin,evolution, distribution & future of life in universe , earth is the only place know to harbor life. It is depend on minimal condition for life such as temperature,water,radiation shielding,the stuff of life , sunlight, oxygen, when planet belongs to G2 type star forming like ours. To revealed evidences for the planetary habitability & harbor life of planet earth, paleontological factors are the one of most prominent way . It’s provide a unique view into the history of life by showing the forms and features of life in the past & tell us how species have changed across long periods of the Earth’s history. Though the fossil record does not include every planet and animal that ever lived, also compatibility substantial evidence for the common descent of life via evolution & tend to explain about other habitable planets(one upon which living beings not unlike terrestrial organisms) like Gliese 581c & Kepler-452b which consisted in out of our solar system. There are massive possibility of habitable zone around other stars & search for extraterrestrial microbial life,such as found from the examination of the Allan hills 84001 meteorite like microfossil .Also undeniable fossils (meteorite type) which carried out from aranaganwila _sri lanka , exhibited the ample evidences for extraterrestrial microbial life. Thus our aims to be explore dominate paleontological factors (Macro fossils/ Pleistocene) in sabaragamu basin sri lanka,which tend to explain comparative model of Harbor life of planet earth.

It is seen that the evolution of Sabaragamuwa Dance has been created due to the promotion of Imitation with Adaptation Motion of the Sri Lankan ‘Vedda’ (ancestors of Sri Lanka). When studying the Paleobiodiversity, Paleoantology and Archaeology related to Sri Lanka, the imitation with adaptation motion has been started in the latter part of Pleistocene epoch where the Balangoda Hominins are found. Homo sapiens balangodensis was named by Dr. P.E.P. Deraniyagala in 1955 as a subspecies of Homo sapiens. Strong and large jaws, short neck, well developed teeth, short forehead are unique features of Balngoda Hominins. According to the external morphological characteristics and habitual characteristics, there is a high likelihood for Vedda to be the live biological linkage of the Balangoda Hominins.The behavioral nature of man lived around the caves depends on the Paleo-neurology activities & as a result the Pre-Gesture has been created. It is bonded with the relative consistency of the number organisms of species struggle for the existence, survival of the fittest and adaptation for living through the natural selection. The evolution of imitation can be seen as a virtual motion through the expression of feelings in human niche. The resonance motion results through the stimulation of the basic imitation have been a common rule. The horizontal and vertical oscillations in the locomotion of the Balangoda Hominins can be observed in the traditional dances of the Vedda. The basic necessities of the Sabaragamuwa dancing style is same as the neo-motions developed through the pre element of motion described above. Though the Sabaragamuwa dancing takes a traditional vies, in the viewpoint of science it has to be changed according to the time. If Homo sapiens is to evolve more, then the motions of the traditional dancing is changing accordingly

The Handagiriya waterfall complex , which is located in balangoda , is an area having rich diversity of archaeology, included unique geological formations such as limestone caves etc. The bedrock at handagiriya waterfall complex consists of the Highland series metamorphic rocks. These high grade metamorphic rocks in the reservoir area have formed as an open synform plunging towards NW and identified as the Balangoda synform. The detailed study of the limestone included, more than three cavern at Handagiriya waterfall. Stalagmite and stalactites of 0.8 meters height formed after re-crystallization of pre-existing limestones could also be observed at the core of the cave. The studied limestone cave popularly known as ‘Handagiriya Waterfal complex’ is a part of the basement marble bed in the Highland Complex of Sri Lanka belongs to the Precambrian age. It is postulated that the same marble bed is extended to the marble beds located at the Samanalawewa, Waulpane and Rakwana. The action of chemical weathering occurred in the recent times makes it secondary features like stalagmite and stalactite. Speleothem dimensions were used for measure the volume of Stalagmite, Stalagtites & Approximately Stalagmite & Stalagtites formation in handagiriya have been started within late Pleistocene & Holocene

Eco Astronomy is the scientific study of extreme environmental conditions, effecting to the Harbor Life. Planetary habitability and harbored life on the earth can best be proved by paleontological evidences found from the earth and the extraterrestrial objects reached the earth(Mckay, 1996). As per the present knowledge on the life of the Universe, the earth is the only known place to harbor life. It depends on minimal conditions for the life such as temperature,water,radiation shielding,sunlight,oxygen, when a planet belongs to G2 type star forming like ours. With a rich diversity of species, Sri Lanka is one of the prominent islands where harbored life can be explored. In revealing the signs of the planetary habitability and harbor life of the planet earth, paleontological evidences give promising results. It provides a unique view into the history of life by showing the forms and features of life in the past and tells us how species have been evolved across the long period of the Earth’s history. Though the fossil records do not include every planet and animal that ever lived. This paper is to present some findings gathered from a study on modelling the harbored life in Sri Lanka. Our investigations were initially focused on Sabaragamu basin where famous fossilized Rathnapura fauna have been recorded by eraniyagala (1958). The gathered fossils (50 samples) found from alluvial sedimentary deposits of gem pits were identified according to the special anatomical characters comparing with the similar species recorded in the literature. In addition sediment samples collected from gem pits where those fossils were found were used for sedimnetalogical analysis. According to the results, Panthera tigris or Panthera leo sinhaleyus, Rinoceros sinhaleyus, Bibos sinhaleyus, Crocodylu spp., Rusa unicolor and Elepas maximus sinhaleyus are the presently identified fossilized fauna from Rathnapura basin. Hence it can be thought that harbored life in Sri Lanka is possibly evidenced by these extinct species recorded as roaming during the Pleistocene Epoch. But the absolute ages of harboring period must yet to be estimated. The characteristics of the fossils and the sedimentology of the sedimentary deposits infer a wet warm condition during the Pleistocene Epoch but any abrupt change in local paleoclimate that caused the extinction cannot clearly be identified so far. One possible cause of extinction we suggest here is extensive hunting by prehistoric people roamed in and around the area.Further research from Sri Lanka in future will be contributed largely for this developing field of Eco Astronomy.

It is seen that the evolution of Sabaragamuwa Dance has been created due to the promotion of Imitation with Adaptation Motion of the Sri Lankan ‘Vedda’ (ancestors of Sri Lanka). When studying the Palebiodiversity, Paleoantology and Archeology related to Sri Lanka, the imitation with adaptation motion has been started in the latter part of Pleistocene epoch where the Balangoda Hominins are found. Homo sapiens balangodensis was named by Dr. P.E.P. Deraniyagala in 1955 as a subspecies of Homo sapiens. Strong and large jaws, short neck, well developed teeth, short forehead are unique features of Balngoda Hominins. According to the external morphological characteristics and habitual characteristics, there is a high likelihood for Vedda to be the live biological linkage of the Balangoda Hominins.The behavioral nature of man lived around the caves depends on the Paleo-neurology activities. As a result the Pre-Gesture has been created. It is bonded with the relative consistency of the number organisms of species struggle for the existence, survival of the fittest and adaptation for living through the natural selection. The evolution of imitation can be seen as a virtual motion through the expression of feelings in human niche. The resonance motion results through the stimulation of the basic imitation has been a common rule. The horizontal and vertical oscillations in the locomotion of the Balangoda Hominins can be observed in the traditional dances of the Vedda. The basic necessities of the Sabaragamuwa dancing style is same as the neo-motions developed through the pre element of motion described above. Though the Sabaragamuwa dancing takes a traditional vies, in the viewpoint of science it has to be changed according to the time. If homo sapiens is to evolve more, then the motions of the traditional dancing is changing accordingly.

Sri Lanka Has been Famous as a tourist location since ancient time. Named the “Pearl of the Indian Ocean”. It has been visited written about and acclaimed in many ancient chronicles. Being close to the equator, it has a year – round sunny weather and with its topography it harbors a host of rich biodiversity promoting ecotourism. With a costal belt right round the island it has attract many visitors to its beaches. The ancient history and monuments have called in tourist to its cultural sites. Currently, after the advent of the terrorist conflict, new vistas have opened up in the tourism trade. These are popularly known as a ‘Eco Tourism’, ‘Nature Tourism’ , ‘Adventure tourism’, ‘ Ayurvedic tourism’, ‘Religious tourism’, ‘Agriculture tourism’, ‘Cave tourism’, Culture tourism’,ect. Palaeo biodiversity is the biodiversity of ancient times. It addresses ancient man and his interaction with his palaeo environment. It Speak of the geological eras, the prehistoric people. Therefore, this subject has another aspect of interest to the visitor. With the prehistory that dates far back as 125000 BP and its locations situated amidst forests and streams it mainly attracts the ecotourism. Since this subject has been introduced newly it is not possible to market this product alone. Therefore it is much more convenient to market it along with other product such as ecotourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism and cave tourism, ect

Presently Sri Lanka is an island existing in the Indian Ocean. It was a part of Gondwanaland during middle Jurassic epoch and began breaking up from the Indian continent during the late Jurassic as a separate single land mass. During the early Miocene era Sri Lanka was further shifted south-east direction forming the cauvery basin where huge amount of lime mud had been deposited. During the Quaternary period eustatic changes has made a land bridge between Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka allowing plants and animal passing in both sides. Disconnection of land bridge again has made an important impact on evolution by isolation. Hence some extinct animals and plants can be found in different places of the country as fossil evidences. The geological records in sediments and rocks give further strong details on paleoclimate proving the paleo existing of those animals and plants. Therefor by studying Palaeo-Biodiversity it can be discussed the ancient life and its diversity that is hidden in geological formations and role of geological processes in preservation of them, human evolution, Extinct animals, climate of the biological diversity of pre historic man’s tools, pre historic man’s hunting and gathering systems and belief, customs and interaction with the environment can be studied.

A sufficient knowledge on prehistoric culture and habitat of earliest Homo sapiens (Balangoda man) is available in Batadomba-lena cave, a noticeable rock shelter in lowland rainforest of southwestern Sri Lanka goes upto Pleistocene and Holocene eras. Late Pleistocene inhabitants of Batadombalena cave's foraged for a broad spectrum of plant and mainly arboreal animal resources such as, monkeys, squirrels and rainforest snails etc. Archaeo-faunal evidence would help to describe the prehistoric man eating behavior as well as availability of nature prehistoric flora, fauna and environmental status. The family Acavidae is very sensitive to climatic variations, hence used as a bio-indicator to describe the variations of paleo-climatic nature. This study examined the morphological features of 20 samples of Acavidae family (living/fossil samples of Acavus superbus, and sub fossil samples of Oligospira waltoni) collected from soils by digger method in 2005 and compared with 20 samples from the same area at presently available. The shell characters of snails such as, height, width, diameter of mouth, thickness of lip, and angular of axis were measured and subjected to multivariate analysis to understand how climatic variability and nature of paleo-diet contribute survival of Acavidae species. Results showed that Acavus superbus living species had large shell characteristics than the sub fossils. Results of similar study in the same climatic status in 2000 showed that the shell measurements of Acavus superbus are relatively larger than both living and sub fossils in Batadobalena cave. Ordination diagram derived from species shell characteristics showed that Acavus superbus living species grouped as scattered /diffuse clusters, while sub fossil species grouped as a single cluster at the center of the ordination diagram. It is imply a trend of speciation /diversification of Acavus species from Pleistocene era to date. Multivariate analyses prove that, a strong positive correlation of species characteristics, such as height (r = 0.62), thickness of lip (r = 0.544) and angular of axis (r = 0.744), and a strong negative relationship (r = 0.832) for shell width for the species were observed. Our results are useful to compare with other fossil snails to see whether the climate change influence for changing body size. In conclusion, palaeo-environment, and present environment variation has been occurred in minimum way without much changes to observed Acavidae species compositions present and past.