Terrorism and the end of hospitality

Goal: I am working now in a project book which will be published in 2017 in Palgrave Macmillan, this book discusses not only the effects of terrorism, which were widely approached by different sources, but also to what extent terrorism is eroding the basis of hospitality. Though the definitive title is underway negotiations, below you will find a short description of chapters.
Introduction
Chapter 1: The other in Western Imaginary
This chapter explores how the otherness was imagined by Europeanness, as well as the stereotypes, prejudices and idealized image around the non-western other. This section not only discusses to what extent Europe launched to colonize the world but the socio-cultural background for the European proclamation of supremacy over the rest of the world. The perverse core of European ethnocentrism rests in its paternalism to understand the cultural difference, adjoined to the rise and consolidation of Science, which paradoxically accelerated what David Riesman dubbed “the other-oriented” gaze. This is the moment of great technological breakthrough and the flourishing of romantic novels, literature and anthropology which engaged with a peripheral wonderland to be domesticated. In this stage, the material asymmetries of center and its periphery were crystalized while Europe adopted capitalism as its main socio-economic project.

Chapter 2: The concept of Civility and Law.
From Hobbes on, the concept of law-making was strongly associated to the needs of creating a third-object (dialectics) which is in charge of monopolizing force and violence. The same conception of law and violence which was historically accompanying Occident, paved the pathways for the creation of borderlands. Based not only on the legacy of Foucault and R. Castel but in the contribution of sociological thinking, we will dissect in this section the roots of national being and the evolution of security. While industrialism emancipated medieval peasants from the attachment of soil, a great process of urbanization produced slums and ghettos in urban areas. As this back drop, no less true was that a new concept of civility erected a barrier between the city and external world.
Chapter 3: The rise of Nation State and Free Transit
With focus on Anthony Pagden, this section delves into the Conquest of Americas, and explains how the manipulation of the concept of Hospitality legitimated the subsequent dispossession to aboriginal lands. In part, because Spain colonized this continent as Rome did in Europe, but and most important, what is important to discuss is to what extent hospitality plays a vital role subordinating indigenous to European archetype, at the time it endorsed legitimacy to Spain over this new world. In so doing, hospitality not only accompanied the ideological discourse of nation-hood, but free transit became in the touchstone of West.

Chapter 4: The problem of Terrorism (industrialism)
Through XIXth century, many migrants ethnicities coming from central Europe arrived to the United States. This happened because of two main reasons. The passage of Medieval age to industrialism, and the pauperization of European peasants who were pressed to migrate to new promising destinations. Within this cohort of migrants, many anarchists exerted a radical violence against capital owners. While they were fought and exiled from US, a new emergent unions asked Nation States for further working enhancements. At the time, Nation State endorsed to these unions better conditions of work, which facilitated the rise and expansion of modern tourism, terrorism was mitigated, though accepting its ideological core. This suggests that terrorism and tourism are two side of the same coin.

Chapter 5: the industry of Travels and Tourism
The earlier chapter focused on the intersection of terrorism and tourism, but this depends on how terrorism changed their tactics to instill terror in society. Some decades ago, terrorists select celebrities, important persons, or Chief police officers as main target of their attacks, but now this role was fulfilled by tourists and global travelers. This worsened the situation when Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi declared the jihad against “tourism and modern hot-spots of consumption”. The concept of mobilities was historically manipulated by Western powers to impose a one-way discourse which aims to discipline the other as inferior to European lords.

Chapter 6: The Globalization of Fear
In this chapter, we combine the advances of other disciplines to expand our understanding of terrorism and the fields of emotions. In this respect, as L. Howie puts it, the media industry engendered a culture of witnessing which not only is conducive to terrorism, but enlarged fear to other continents. The globalization of fear operates in a new field which is based on what Baudrillard named “the spectacle of disaster”. Though this vicious circle between the spectatorship of disaster and terrorism not to be broken, the problem is far from being solved. Terrorism and 9/11 as founding event ignited a new stage of capitalism which Korstanje called “Thana-capitalism”. Unlike modern sociologist imagined risk-society, Thana Capitalism characterizes by commoditizing others` suffering as a form of entertainment for a global audience.


Chapter 7: The End of Hospitality
The consolidation of Thana Capitalism doubtless affected tourism industry, but changed the ways the other is conceived. Needless to say, anthropology should play a leading role in providing new theories to understand “cosmopolitanism”, and the position of this global dangerous other in Europe. Discussing directly with Derrida as well as other scholars, this section focuses on how hospitality is dying. The end of hospitality represents a serious challenge of Europe simply because it was “the alma matter” of its rationality and social trust. At time terrorism targets “the exemplary center of consumption” to extortionate the developed nation-states, the surveillance at borderlands is strengthened. In the years to come, the philosophical discourse will not be given by the dichotomy between conditioned or unconditioned hospitality, but rather, this raises a pungent question, what to do with strangers?
The main thesis held here is that Western civilization erected by means of medical gaze metaphor, which consists in extirpating the affected part, to save the body. If this is applied on the case of terrorism, Muslim Community runs serious risk to be demonized and martyrized in the name of security.
Conclusion

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• Maximiliano E. Korstanje's Lab