The Paris Agreement has set out a global framework to limit the possibility of dangerous climate change. To this end, it is committed to holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. The EU-funded SAPIENTIAM project will identify new mechanisms that will help describe the pre-industrial atmospheric status and its change as a consequence of emissions caused by human activities related to industrialisation. Specifically, it will carry out a laboratory experiment to simulate a pre-industrial-like environment’s atmosphere, adding to it the biogenic emissions, followed by anthropogenic emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NOx).