Politics

Insecurity is one of the banes of development in Nigeria. It has affected the corporate and individual progress in the country. Each geopolitical zone in Nigeria has a peculiar security challenge that it is battling with. In the south east, kidnapping is on the rise. In the south-south, hostage taking is common. The south western part of the country battles with ritual killing while in the north east, it is terrorism. However, it is important to state that there is no security challenge in the country that has affected socio-political development of Nigeria like Boko Haram terrorism in the North east. It has claimed so many lives and property worth millions of dollars have been destroyed. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the causes and impact of insecurity in North east Nigeria. The methodology employed in the study is made the use of documentary method of data sourcing. The finding of the study revealed that the root cause of terrorism in the North east is traceable to poverty and unemployment among the teeming youthful population. It is therefore, recommended that government should improve standard of living of the people through job creation. This could be done by establishing entrepreneurship centres across the country, especially in the North east of the country.

In democratization of any nation political parties play a very critical role. Central to the successes and failures of electoral politics is the cardinal and strategic functions of this all important and an integral organ of democratization which is core to its development, and this organ has not lived up to expectation in its supposed role of consolidating democracy in Nigeria, via its inability to tackle its challenges towards that drive. The dawn of the Nigerian fourth republic has witnessed renewed and sustained activities of political parties which are the most complex and critical institutions of democracy but undoubtedly has either shaped or stagnated the deepening and consolidation of democracy. With heavy reliance on secondary data supported by analytical approach, the paper x-rayed the role of political parties in consolidating democratic process in the Nigeria's Fourth Republic. The paper identified the challenges plaguing democratic consolidation since the commencement of the fourth republic to include: Lack of institutionalization and personalization of political parties; Godfatherism; absence of internal democracy within the political parties and incessant party/political violence. The party system in Nigeria is still weak and vulnerable with no visible signs of adding value to the democratic consolidation. It is recommended that for the political party to achieve its role in consolidating democracy, it ought to imbibe and inculcate organizational capacity, effective leadership, internal democracy, discipline, institutionalization and personalization, ideological platforms of mobilization and linkage to civil society.

The Nigerian economy slid into recession path in the first quarter of 2016. The negative consequence of the recession has led to the reduction of standard of living and the quality of life of the people and increase in poverty rate. This paper seeks to examine and analyzed the main reasons for the emergence of the current economic recession in Nigeria. The paper gives a theoretical exposition of how government policies can potentially curb the recession and enhance better economic well-being of the Nigerian populace. The finding of the study indicates that the main causes for the emergence of the economic recession in Nigeria can be group under three main factors: legacy factors, policy factors and political/security factors. The paper recommends among other, effective government intervention through an effective synchronization between measures of fiscal and monetary policy in the direction of increasing liquidity in the economy, decreasing interest rates, increasing investment and employment, increasing the income of economic entities and finally, in the direction of increasing aggregate demand as an exit from the phase of recession.

This article seeks to shed more light on the correlation between insecurity and National development in a bid to make findings on the gains made towards the fight against insecurity and the loses it has brought with it.

The underlying causes of xenophobia are complex and varied. Xenophobia has to do with contemptuous of that which is foreign, especially of strangers or of people from different countries or cultures. Unemployment and mounting poverty among South Africans at the bottom of the economic ladder have provoked fears of the competition that better educated and experienced migrants can represent. South Africa's long track-record of violence as a means of protest and the targeting of foreigners in particular; and, the documented tensions over migration policy and the scale of repatriation serve a very good explanation for its xenophobia. It was clear that while most of the attacks were directed against foreign, primarily African, migrants, that this was not the rule. Attacks were also noted against Chinese-speakers, Pakistani migrants as well as against South Africans from minority language groups (in the conflict areas). Settlements that have recently experienced the expression of 'xenophobic' violence have also been the site of violent and other forms of protest around other issues, most notably service delivery. The failure of government in service delivery was vexed on this form of xenophobia (HSRC, 2008). Due to the increase in migration, this conflict is certainly not temporary in nature. Xenophobia manifests in different regions and communities, with devastating effects on the affected nationals. Nigerians living in South Africa have been objects of severe attacks and assault as a result of this xenophobic attitude. It is against this background that this study seeks to investigate the xenophobic attacks against Nigerians in South Africa. The methodology adopted by the paper is basically qualitative with the use of secondary sources such as Books, Journals, Newspapers and internet sources.