Minor research project

Abstract- Milk has a nutritional value among human being. It provides strength to bones. The nutrients which are present in milk are very essential for body as it helps in build new cells and also help them to proper functioning. Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are known as the second major milk producers in the world. Buffalo milk contains many minerals, which are very crucial to maintain human health. The aim of present study is to check the quality of buffalo milk by the study of various metals present in milk. The concentration of different metals were found in following order Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > Cr > Mn. Cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) were found be below the detectable level. Our study suggests that buffalo milk has a great significance and contribution to human health.

Trains are the major source of transport in Mumbai. It also causes noise pollution which may have a negative impact on health such as hearing impairment, sleep deprivation and low concentration. These side effects have adverse impact on students' academic performance. For the present study, twenty volunteers were selected and they were divided into control and experimental groups. The volunteers from experimental group were from locality near to the station, whereas volunteers from control group live far from that station area. The health condition of the volunteers was recorded normal. The participants were instructed to follow a strict sleep pattern. The present study shows the disturbing pattern of sleep in experimental group. Sleep deprivation may cause stress, negative impact on working capacity and academic performance. Present investigation suggests that improvement is required in nearby area of the station to reduce the impact of noise.

.Physicochemical characteristics of Shivaji talao was conducted to analyze ecological parameters like pH , hardness, salinity, phosphate, turbidity of water. The study revealed that pHvaluewas 8.5and it was same a year before, while dissolved oxygen was 0.67 mg/l.Carbondioxide content, salinity, phosphate ,turbidity and total hardness level increased .Study showed that water was not found to be suitable for aquatic animals due to high salinity content in thewater. Key words :Shivajitalao, pH,Co2, salinity

Body composition is an analysis of carbohydrates, proteins, and moisture and ash contents of fish. The body composition was studied using as an index of growth studies of Indian major carp's Catla, Rohu and Mrigala and a minor carp Cyprinus carpio in the Halali and Tawa Reservoirs. The protein and lipid contents of three fish species showed the successive decrease in their estimated values, whereas muscle glycogen content in fish species understudy showed a significant increase during the study. The variation of Liver somatic index observed could be due to increased metabolic activity. Considering the fact of comparatively low-fat content all four species were found to be an ideal food for human being.

Water is a natural resource for human life. Demand for fresh water increased in last decades due to increase in population. The quality of wate affected due to water pollution that has caused an adverse impact on human health. The drinkable water should be of good quality and its study on parameters gives a perfect analysis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the water quality in Jum hill station which is situated at Neral-Matheran route in Maharashtra. "Jummapatti waterfall" is an attractive tourist point. To check the water quality, water sample were collected from different area of Jummapatti. Water quality parameter such as dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, phosphates, total hardness, turbidity, and pH were measured using standard methods. This research article provides useful information about the current status of the physio-chemical parameters of water quality in Jummapatti, Maharashtra.

Trains are the major source of transport in Mumbai. It also causes noise pollution which may have a negative impact on health such as hearing impairment, sleep deprivation and low concentration. These side effects have adverse impact on students' academic performance. For the present study, twenty volunteers were selected and they were divided into control and experimental groups. The volunteers from experimental group were from locality near to the station, whereas volunteers from control group live far from that station area. The health condition of the volunteers was recorded normal. The participants were instructed to follow a strict sleep pattern. The present study shows the disturbing pattern of sleep in experimental group. Sleep deprivation may cause stress, negative impact on working capacity and academic performance. Present investigation suggests that improvement is required in nearby area of the station to reduce the impact of noise.

Keywords: Noise pollution, chick embryo, apoptosis. Stress during the embryonic phase may cause many changes in their physiology and morphology. Exposure to noise can influence the developmental stage and also the cognitive ability of the newborn baby. White Leghorn (Gallus gallus domesticus) chick embryo was taken as test model and was exposed a high level of noise. In the present study results showed growth retardation, high heart rate and apoptosis in white leghorn emryoca used due to 96-decibel noise exposure.

The present study indicate proximate composition including protein, carbohydrates, moisture, LSI and lipids contents of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio chronically exposed to fenthion. In the present study the significant decrease in glycogen, protein, and increase in lipid and moisture content could be observed. Significant drop in LSI observed in Fenthion treated C. carpio clearly indicates fall in nutritional value or quality of food. © 2014 Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology. All rights reserved.

The House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) is one of the most common birds found in the urban environment. The population of house sparrow living in nest colonies near to human habitats is now threatened by pollutants. Knowledge of toxicological residue studies in house sparrow is still in dearth. The primary goal of present study is: To understand if we are providing adequate habitat for the fauna or attracting harm that may be detrimental to individuals and population overtime. Use of bird as biomonitors is one of the effective methods in quantifying the overall health of ecosystem of the present study is to determine the level of heavy metal accumulated in the down feather of house sparrow. High level of Calcium, chromium, Iron and magnesium detected in down feathers of young sparrow shows external contamination from anthropogenic sources which cannot be ruled out.

Consumers demand high quality and convenient products with natural flavor and taste, and greatly appreciate the fresh appearance of minimally processed food. In order to harmonize or blend all these demands without compromising the safety of the products, it is necessary to implement newer preservation technologies in the food industry. High pressure processing kills microorganisms and preserves food” was discovered way back in 1899 has been used with success in chemical, ceramic. Hite (1899) investigated the application of high pressure as a means of preserving milk, and later extended the study to preserve fruits and vegetables . The ability of high pressure to inactivate microorganisms and spoilage catalyzing enzymes, whilst retaining other quality attributes, has encouraged Japanese and American food companies to introduce high pressure processed food s in the market. High pressure is required to produce the packaged foods that are safer, longer lasting, more natural and better tasting. In addition, high pressure processing (also called hi gh pressure pasteurization) provides the food industry with new product development opportunities that can fully exploit the functional properties of ingredients such as proteins, etc. Pressure is applied uniformly throughout a food material, independent of its mass and time. HPP is a method of food processing where food is subjected to elevated pressures (87,000 pounds per square inch or approximately 6,000 atm), with or without the addition of heat, to achieve microbial inactivation or to alter the food attributes in order to achieve consumer-desired qualities . Pressure inactivates most vegetative bacteria at pressures above 60,000 pounds per square inch. HPP retains food quality, maintains natural freshness, and extends microbiological shelf life. Key Words: HPP, Food and beverage industry, Natural food, Pure food, Long lasting food

Fish skin, directly exposed to the ambient toxicants; is used extensively as a potential indicator of contaminated aquatic environment. Chronic effect of fenthion on melanophore of Cyprinus carpio was investigated to understand its toxicity on melanophore morphology. Observed toxicological alterations include significant variations in size, shape and in number of melanophores. Fenthion-induced morphological changes in melanophore seemed to be an attempt to protect the epidermis from toxic medium. The density of melanophore was found to a maximum after 60 days. Destructive changes that resulted could be due to accumulation of fenthion in nervous tissues. Due to the lysis of the melanophores, the melanin contents are poured into the surrounding matrix of the connective tissue between 20 and 30 days of exposure. The regenerated pigment cells were smaller in size and more in number as compared to the normal melanophores. Present study also showed the melanizing effect of fenthion toxicity. Keywords: Organophosphorous, Fenthion, Melanophore, Cyprinus carpio, Toxicity

The present study indicates proximate composition, including protein, carbohydrates, moisture, LSI and lipids contents of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio chronically exposed to fenthion. In the present study the significant decrease in glycogen, protein, and increase in lipid and moisture content could be observed. Significant drop in LSI observed in Fenthion treated C. carpio clearly indicates fall in nutritional value or quality of food.