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The eighth chapter places the four policing models against mafia and organised crime in Italy, US, Australia and UK, within international frameworks, with specific focus to contributions from the United Nations and the European Union. The aim of this chapter is to reflect on the challenges of policy transfer and harmonisation within a perspective that considers the problems of legal asymmetries for international cooperation. It reflects upon the internationalisation of labels such as mafia and organised crime and the difficulty to transfer these labels across national and international policies without an integration of cultural perspectives.
The introduction sets the aims of the book. It described the different stages and places of the data collection and the theoretical frameworks of comparative studies in criminal justice within which the data has been analysed. It sets the expectations on methodology and theoretical underpinnings on mafia and organised crime guiding the following chapters.
The seventh chapter looks at the four national models from Italy, US, Australia and UK together to identify conceptual and procedural convergences across them. Among the conceptual convergences, the chapter highlights the “follow the money” strategy, the understanding of organised crime as involving trafficking and the glocal and transnational character of organised crime. Among procedural convergences, the chapter discusses provisions against money laundering and proceeds of crime, the criminalisation of activities of organised crime and the focus on prevention. The chapter also focuses on emerging trends such as mafia mobility, social prevention and focus on unexplained wealth as worth mentioning across the four models.
