Application of various methods of fen restoration

Abstract: The major problems in the conservation of fens are desiccation, eutrophication, natural succession and in some cases acidification. Management measures, like mowing and shrub removal, are necessary to stop the succession. However, the impact of these measures is not enough to facilitate the re-development of fen and wet meadow vegetation. Therefore some more radical methods of restoration, like topsoil removal, are becoming increasingly popular. In this paper several examples of topsoil removal are presented. ...