Zoltan Gal

Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Kaposvar University · HAS Research Centre for Economic and Regional Studies; Department of Regional Economics and Statistics; Kaposvar University

This article introduces a Research Colloquium that investigates relationships between the production of Central European geopolitical imaginaries and processes of European integration. Specifically, we interrogate the ways in which Central European geopolitical imaginaries have involved the recasting of old and the emergence of new framings of regi...

A koronavírus-járvány által okozott gazdasági visszaesés eltérő módon érintette az egyes vállalatokat. Kutatásunk a világjárványnak a Magyarországon működő külföldi tulajdonú autóipari és elektronikai leányvállalatokra gyakorolt hatására koncentrál. Tizenöt vállalat képviselőivel készített interjúk alapján elemezzük, hogy a járvány milyen mértékben...

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought over a related economic crisis, which affected firms differently. The paper concentrates on the impact of the pandemic on foreign-owned subsidiaries operating in Hungary in the automotive and electronics industries. Based on interviews with the representatives of fifteen such companies, we analysed the extent of th...

The paper examines the nexus of FDI inflow, the FDI dispersion among companies, and GDP per capita along with the selected socio-economic variables, and re-industrialisation in the Hungarian regions. The paper uses the NUT 3 level data from 2001 to 2018 and employs the generalised method of moments (GMM) in regions characterised by the different ph...

Objective: The Hungarian Business Services Sector (BSS) is an important part of the CEE business services market.As this market is not homogenous, Hungary is in several aspects different from the other regional countries. The studyaims to examine the market position of the Hungarian Business Services Centres (BSC) in the Central and EasternEuropean...

The purpose of this research is to examine the economic freedom (EF) along with its macroeconomic determinants impact on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow in South Asia, East Asia, Latin America, Middle East, and North Africa, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and Sub Saharan Africa. We use Heritage Foundation ec...

The paper examines local complementary currencies, a type of economic money substitute, as one of the local responses to financial globalisation. The most recent wave of local currencies implies that their operation is independent of the processes of financial globalisation, i.e. financialisation, and this is substantiated by the examples found bot...

Tanulmányunk a közgazdasági pénzhelyettesítők egyik fajtáját, a helyi kötődésű kiegészítő fizetőeszközöket vizsgálja, mint a pénzügyi globalizációra adott lokális válaszok egyikét. A helyi pénzek terjedésének legújabb kori hulláma arra enged következtetni, hogy ezek működése független a pénzügyi globalizáció - más néven financializáció - folyamatai...

Behind the selection of location choices for services and retail sector, many factors work in conjunction. This research tried to determine which factors had an influence on location choice and agglomeration and which factors worked together to decide the location choice. This study empirically tests location determinant hypothesis. Our findings su...

Traditional cooperative banks are considered as locally and socially embedded, lending to local clients from locally collected deposits and financing the local economy.. To offset their disadvantage due to their insufficient size, they exploit the information advantage deriving from their geographical proximity to their clients and the advantages o...

EVA (Economic Value Added) permits commercial businesses to figure out whether the business is operating in profit and the money can be put into effect into a more profitable source. A leading EVA is a sign that the company has a greater value. The goal of this study is to identify if SMEs' actions carried out on a daily basis are able to generate...

The quality of structural models for 1,2,4,5-tetra­bromo­benzene (TBB), C6H2Br4, based on data collected from a single crystal in a diamond anvil cell at 0.4 GPa in situ using two different diffractometers belonging to different generations have been compared, together with the effects of applying different data-processing strategies.

Foreign direct investments are substantial in the services sector in the Visegrad countries. In this article, we analyse the impact of FDI on the host economy in four selected service industries in two areas: export and employment. FDI in the four selected service industries differ in terms of their vertical or horizontal nature: in business servic...

This chapter discusses how financialization produces uneven spatial development on various scales on the European semi-periphery. It analyzes the production of spatial inequalities through the case of housing, which is one of the important forms of a spatial fix in financializing European economies. It argues that the transfer of wealth does not on...

The chapter investigates problems of capital accumulation, the features of post-socialist transition, as well as the geoeconomic features of the externally managed and financed integration of post-socialist transition countries of CEE into the global economy and the European Union. The authors would like to use the principles of geoeconomics in ord...

Europe Divided? Can Warsaw Become the Regional Leader of the Central and Eastern European Region? This paper investigates the long-term problems of capital accumulation in the context of centre and periphery and dependency models, the systemic and geo-economic features of the integration of post-socialist transition countries in the context of dep...

Jelen tanulmányukban a szerzők elemzik a beérkező külföldi közvetlentőke-befektetések (FDI) és a nemzetgazdasági beruházások kapcsolatát, valamint annak gazdasági fejlettséggel (GNI) való viszonyát a kelet- közép-európai régió példáján. A vonatkozó nemzetközi irodalom áttekintésével arra is keresik a választ, hogy segíti-e a magyar és a kelet-közép...

This paper examines the development of international financial centres (IFC) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The study argues that the development of the financial services in CEE is characterized by external dependency, which is manifested in the form of hierarchical command and control functions over CEE financial subsidiaries within the Wes...

Abstract: The paper examines the spatial peculiarities of financial markets embedding it in the development process of the financial globalization and the Eurozone integration. It proves the strong spatial boundings of finances. The paper argues that the spatial processes of the financial globalization question the previous prophecies, myths and ex...

The present paper analyses the spatial features of financial markets embedded in financial globalisation and the development of the euro area’s financial market, and demonstrates the spatial anchoring of the financial sector. It highlights the home bias of investors for the national markets as one of the “spatial” limitations of financial globalisa...

Cooperative banks are considered as locally embedded financial service providers, lending locally from locally collected deposits. To offset their disadvantage stemming from their lack of sufficient size, they exploit the information advantage provided by their ties to the local community. Growth-oriented cooperatives lack this information advantag...

The paper deals with the evolving systems of central and regional governance of innovation during the past two decades in Hungary. It examines the role of the state, management of innovation, the organizational structure and institutions of innovation policy placing innovation in the development strategies of central governments. It discusses the r...

The aim of this volume is to elaborate on the Central and Eastern European implications of the ET2050 research project, and provide a background for the project’s findings in the macro-regional context. Due to the legacies of state socialism, but also long-term dilemmas of catching-up and capital accumulation, the development prospects of the CEE c...

The paper deals with the evolving systems of central and regional governance of innovation during the past two decades in Hungary. It examines the role of the state, management of innovation, the organizational structure and institutions of innovation policy placing innovation in the development strategies of central governments. It discusses the r...

Relocation of business service offshoring-related activities measured by foreign direct investments and exports in services have grown rapidly after the Millennium in the new EU member states of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Besides Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), trade statistics support the assumption that an expanding export in business and...

The chapter deals with the implication of the financial crisis on the FDIs. The author draws readers’ attention to the role of FDI in the CEE banking sector in the post-transition period and discusses the impact of the crisis, which has become the most serious challenge of transition models in the banking sectors. The author argues that foreign di...

The paper discusses how the second global shift in business services provision and corporate restructuring open up new offshoring opportunities into Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It explores three issues: First, it builds upon the theoretical framework of the ‘new paradigm of globalization, which considers offshoring as one of the most importan...

The Danube Region, perhaps the most complicated formation of the European continent, is based on physical geographical factors (the Danube, the river’s catchment area). The catchment area as a physical geographical framework forms a kind of water use and pollution unit, a focus, and through man-made transformation, it partially represents a kind of...

A tanulmány a pénzügyi szektor szemüvegén keresztül mutatja be a regionális tudomány és az új gazdaságföldrajz által azonosított „kihívásoknak” (globális/lokális dichotómia, „földrajzi távolság/közelség”, „az agglomerációk és térbeli koncentrációk) valamint az általuk formált térfolyamatoknak a relevanciáját. A tanulmány azt vizsgálja, hogy a regio...

JEL Classification: I23, I28, I25, I21

This paper focuses on the specific role of mid-range universities in knowledge transfer and explores the knowledge flows from these mid-range universities which face a number of additional constraints in transitional Central Eastern European (CEE) regions. The first part focuses on the theoretical framework of knowledge transfers and on the types o...

Many Central and Eastern European countries invigorated by EU enlargement became important locations for offshored service centres. Building on the region’s nearshoring advantages such as geographical-cultural proximity and on its multilingual graduate supply, CEE is likely to utilise more value added and quality-driven services. Trade statistics s...

The focus of our article is on the role of mid-range (mid-size) universities in the development of peripheral regions in the context of the university engagement literature. After summarizing the literature on the contribution of universities to regional development, the article looks through the most important theoretical considerations including...

This paper focuses on the specific role of mid-range universities in knowledge transfer and explores the knowledge flows from these mid-range universities which face a number of additional constraints in transitional Central Eastern European (CEE) regions. The first part focuses on the theoretical framework of knowledge transfers and on the types o...

Relocation of business service offshoring-related activities measured by foreign direct investments and exports in services have grown rapidly after the Millennium in the new EU member states of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Besides Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), trade statistics support the assumption that an expanding export in business and...

The paper discusses how the second global shift in business services provision and corporate restructuring open up new offshoring opportunities into CEE. It explores three issues: First, it builds upon the theoretical framework of the 'new paradigm of globalization, which considers offshoring as one of the most important globalizing forces of recen...

The paper gives an overview of offshoring services into Central and Eastern Europe. Many Eastern European countries invigorated by EU enlargement became important locations for offshore service centres. Building on the region's nearshoring advantages such as geographical-cultural proximity and on its multilingual graduate supply, CEE is likely to u...

This paper examines the impact of the Hungarian banking system on regional and urban development in the early 20th century, when local banks were important territorial elements of the financial space developing close links to regional economic structures. The basic concept of the study is that there is closer connection between not only the banking...

The economic attraction and competitiveness of the regions depends on the spatially balanced network-based co-operation of different research bases and firms involved in innovation development. The utilisation of the regional knowledge base, innovation potential and co-operation between businesses and universities & research institutions continues...

The main objective of this regional case study report is to provide a better understanding of the structural techno-economic characteristics of the analysed European region, to present the key factors conducive to increased investment in R&D and to identify key R&D policy challenges the region is facing.

The paper is concerned with the development stages and the spatial transformation of the Hungarian banking system in the economic transition & post-transition periods. It gives an overview of the development tendencies of the financial re-integraion into the global market and particularly concentrates on the spatial polarisation factors (concentrat...

The paper is concerned with the role of innovation during the transition period. It presents indicators of the national innovation system and spatial impact of the economic transformation on research and development. While in the early transition years, spatial differences were largely determined by FDI in manufacturing, the new directions of innov...

Although a decade and a half has passed, Hungary's transition from state socialísm to capitalism and the switchover to market economy and democracy are far from being a closed issue for anyone striving to understand economic, social, political and spatial processes in the early years of the 21 st century and place them in the current global process...

The economic attraction of the regions depends on the spatially balanced network-based co-operation of different research bases, SMEs and organisations involved in innovation development these days. The research on regional innovation examines the correlation between regional innovation development, innovation potential and the innovation networks....

Jelen tanulmányban a szerzők a termelői szolgáltatások egy-egy térség gazdasági szervezeteinek működésében, fejlődésében, kapcsolatrendszereinek kialakulásában betöltött szerepét elemzik, mutatják be. Megállapításaikat a Baranya, Fejér, illetve Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg megyében, 2001-ben végzett empirikus felmérésre alapozzák, mely kutatás lehetősége...

KEY WORDS: Hungarian banking system, transitional financial markets, banking network, global-local dichotomy, and uneven regional development. ABSTRACT: The growing literature on regional finance suggests that credit allocation in regional banking system and the different national banking systems are different according to their stage of developmen...

The ever-greater interest in the geography of finances is justified by the booming growth in financial services and information technology, and also those significant changes and financial crises which do not only shape the financial space but also continuously form the financial map of the world. The extremely strong space-forming processes going...

This paper is concerned with the spatial characteristics of the Hungarian banking system. Financial services became the key sector in the processes of economic transformation and one differentiated by uneven regional development. The spatial structure of the banking sector is characterised by a large-scale concentration in Budapest, but the foundat...

The spatial structure of the banking sector in Hungary is characterised by a large- scale concentration in Budapest, but the foundation "boom" of branch offices is also typical in the countryside, as the necessity of the presence on the local markets (collection of resources and credit allocation etc.), as well as the competition for the market of...

Many Central and Eastern European countries invigorated by EU enlargement became important locations for offshored service centres. Building on the region’s nearshoring advantages such as geographical-cultural proximity and on its multilingual graduate supply, CEE is likely to utilise more value added and quality-driven services. Trade statistics s...

The economic attraction of the regions depends on the spatially balanced network-based co-operation of different research bases, SMEs and support organisations involved in innovation development. The utilisation of the regional knowledge base, innovation potential and co-operation between businesses and universities & research institutions continue...